Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Rejet du bruit de fond'
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Pele, Gérard. "Esthétique du bruit de fond." Paris 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA010552.
Full textThe noise probably constitutes the background of our perceptions, it may be the substratum of all knowledgeable phenomenons, as an irreductible fluctuation incorporated into the signal's evolution, or in our own sensorium's dynamic. Since Galileo, classical physics have denied time, and science has produced a vision of a static ruled by fixed laws. Quantic physics and the theory of relativity remain reversible sciences in which the distinction between past, present and future is, as Einstein says, only illusion. Hence phenomenons considered most harmonious are from now on affected by a coefficient of instability and in the same time, the noise, erratic and disordered, may be affected by a certain coefficient of regularity. Negative retroaction proper to classical art tends to stablize the disorder of elements, to reject disturbances and preserve initial patterns by enclosing into determined configurations the play of the interaction's work between materials and instruments. Positive retroaction, on the contrary, amplifies deviations and favours accidents, it is a strategy which subverts the concepts of unity, of composition and hierarchised integration, but which accepts the unity composed out of its own determination
Armatol, Antoine. "Innovative methods for background rejection in next-generation neutrinoless double beta decay bolometric experiments." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UPASP105.
Full textThe search for neutrinoless double beta decay (0ν2β) is a major challenge in contemporary physics, as its observation would demonstrate that the neutrino is a Majorana particle. The half-life of the process being related to the effective Majorana mass mββ, it would also provide a measure of the neutrino mass scale and information on its mass hierarchy. The next-generation experiment CUPID aims to reach a sensitivity high enough to explore completely the region of possible values for mββ in the case of the inverted hierarchy. It will use scintillating bolometers made of a Li₂MoO₄ (LMO) crystal, containing ¹⁰⁰Mo as the 2β candidate isotope, coupled to a Ge bolometric light detector. Thanks to the dual light/heat readout, CUPID will be able to reject the background due to α particles, which is the main source limiting the sensitivity of CUORE, its predecessor, and aims to achieve a background level of 10⁻⁴ counts/kg/keV/year (ckky) in the region of interest (ROI). However, if the 0ν2β still eludes us after CUPID, we will have to push the background reduction even further to explore the spectrum of values for mββ possible in the case of the normal mass hierarchy. It is in this context that BINGO (Bi-Isotope 0ν2β Next Generation Observatory) and the work of this thesis lay. This project aims to test innovative methods for achieving a background of 10⁻⁵ ckky in the ROI of ¹⁰⁰Mo but also of ¹³⁰Te, respectively embedded in LMO and TeO₂ crystals. Firstly, an innovative assembly of bolometers reducing the amount of passive material around the detectors has been developed and validated. Secondly, R&D on implementing a cryogenic active veto composed of scintillators around the volume containing the bolometers was done to reject external γ events by coincidence. A study of potential candidates led to the selection of the BGO for the material. A cryogenic test of a prototype veto module containing two BGOs is also reported in this thesis. Other light collection measurements have also been done at room temperature. Finally, to use TeO₂ crystals as scintillating bolometers, it is necessary to boost the performance of the light detectors. To achieve this goal, BINGO will operate light detectors using the Neganov-Trofimov-Luke (NTL) effect to amplify the signal. An R&D campaign has been conducted to test a new method for depositing aluminum electrodes and different electrode geometries
Mourier, Yannick. "Caractérisation et bruit de fond de transistors bipolaires." Montpellier 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON20084.
Full textStehly, Laurent. "Tomographie à partir de corrélations de bruit de fond sismique." Grenoble 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007GRE10249.
Full textThe aim ofthis work is to see ifit is possible to use sei smic noise correlations for seismic imaging. Theoretically, the Green function between two stations can be retrieved by simply correlating ambient noise recorded at these 2 stations. However this is only possible if the noise is fully equipartitionned. This means that aIl the eigen modes of the medium have to be excited by the noise with the same level of energy. Once the Green functions between several pairs of statiom have been reconstructed they can be inversed to obtain an image of the medium. The first question ifto see if the real sei smic ambient noise respect the requirement of the theory or not. We studied the origin of the seimic noise at period ranging from 5 to 40s. We show that the noise is generated along the coastlines at periods between 5 and lOs. Between 10 and 20s, the noise is generated by the oceans of the northern hemisphere during the winter, and from the southern hemisphere during the summer. The next step is to assess the precision of the velocity measurements performed on noise correlations. Using 13 years of continuous records at 3 Californian stations, we show that group velocity measurements are accurate enough to detect anc correct stations clock errors of less than one tenth of seconds. Ln the last part we use seismic noise correlations to perform the tomography of the Alps and Western Europe. Using one year of continuous records at 150 stations, we were able to measure the velocity of the fundamental mode of Rayleigh and Love waves between more than 3000 stations pairs. These measurements make group velocity maps between 5 and 80s ofoeriod. Thevare inverted to determine the deoth of the Moho in the Aloin region
Isaac, Maria Célia Perillo. "Le bruit de fond de radioactivité naturelle du détecteur NEMO 2." Bordeaux 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR10581.
Full textZhou, Liangzhu. "Contribution à l'analyse harmonique du bruit de fond par méthode numérique." Montpellier 2, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986MON20050.
Full textAbellaoui, Lahcen. "Conception d'un analyseur numérique de densité spectrale de bruit de fond électronique." Montpellier 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON20235.
Full textSUN, SHAOYING. "Conception et hybridation d'une chaine d'amplification spectrometrique a bas bruit de fond." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993STR13048.
Full textChantelauze, Astrid. "Etude de bruit de fond induit par les muons dans l'expérience EDELWEISS-II." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00724955.
Full textChantelauze, A. "Étude du bruit de fond induit par les muons dans l'expérience EDELWEISS-II." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00525127.
Full textBoggiano, Laurent. "Etude, conception et développement industriel d'un mesureur de bruit de fond de transistors à effet de champ, haute tension, de puissance." Montpellier 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON20109.
Full textChabert, Laurent. "Etude du bruit de fond neutron induit par les muons dans l'expérience EDELWEISS-II." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007093.
Full textBonnefoy-Claudet, Sylvette. "Nature du bruit de fond sismique : implications pour les études des effets de site." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007397.
Full textRoux, Jean-Philippe. "Etude du bruit de fond dans les transistors bipolaires hyperfréquences à hétérojonction GaInP/GaAs." Toulouse 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOU30123.
Full textChabert, Laurent. "Étude du bruit de fond neutron induit par les muons dans l'expérience EDELWEISS-II." Lyon 1, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/04/71/73/PDF/tel-00007093.pdf.
Full textChabert, Laurent Stern-Jacquin Martine. "Étude du bruit de fond neutron induit par les muons dans l'expérience EDELWEISS-II." Villeurbanne : Université Claude Bernard, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/04/71/73/PDF/tel-00007093.pdf.
Full textPlana, Robert. "Bruit de fond dans les transistors à effet de champ et bipolaires pour micro-ondes." Toulouse 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU30041.
Full textBurtin, Arnaud. "Analyse du bruit sismique des rivières pour l'estimation du transport de la charge de fond." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00550062.
Full textTorres, Rémi. "Développements et performances d'un spectromètre Ge bas bruit de fond au niveau de la mer." Bordeaux 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR10579.
Full textZALAMANSKY, GILLES. "Recherche d'un bruit de fond d'ondes gravitationnelles dans les residus de chronometrage des pulsars milliseconde." Paris 7, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA077295.
Full textContaret, Thierry. "Modélisations électrique et physique du bruit de fond dans les transistors MOS submicroniques : simulations avec les logiciels ELDO et ISE-TCAD." Montpellier 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON20035.
Full textObermann, Anne Christine. "Etude des propriétés élastiques de la croûte : analyse numérique et applications au bruit de fond sismique." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01067693.
Full textObermann, Anne-Christine. "Etude des propriétés élastiques de la croûte : analyse numérique et applications au bruit de fond sismique." Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENU028/document.
Full textDuring my thesis, I worked on different aspects of monitoring the elastic properties of the crust, with both numerical analysis and applications with ambient noise. The main body of my thesis consists of two main parts: 1. Properties of coda waves A very important parameter that we continuously encounter in the different parts of my thesis work is the scattering mean free path. I present an original way to determine the scattering mean free path from phase statistics that was successfully tested on a volcano in Auvergne. Then I discuss an intensive numerical analysis of the depth sensitivity of coda waves. This work allowed us to relate the depth sensitivity of coda waves to a combination of bulk wave sensitivity and surface wave sensitivity that depends on the time in the coda and on the scattering mean free path of the medium. We were able to show a time dependence of the relative velocity change in the coda that allows us to discriminate a change that occurs at the surface from a change that occurs at depth. 2. Locating changes in multiply scattering media We developed an inversion method based on probabilistic approaches of the wave propagation to locate changes in the medium. As an additional aspect to seismic noise monitoring techniques that are based on the evaluation of time delays in the coda, we also study the waveform decoherence. Within this thesis, we apply and refine the inversion method with three case studies. We study pre-and co-eruptive changes at Piton de la Fournaise volcano in La Réunion Island. The challenge here is to correctly locate forthcoming eruptions. A second data set comes from the Mw7.9 Wenchuan earthquake in China. In this study, we take the time evolution of the coda into account and jointly invert the data at different times in the coda to study changes in the crust during and after the earthquake. From the results, we can clearly see that waveform decoherence and velocity variations are not sensitive to the same physical properties. In the third study, we test the inversion procedure with a 3D sensitivity kernel to study the fracturing of concrete blocks under increased tension
Pinet, Dominique. "Le bruit de fond en 1/f comme critère de qualité des résistances en couches minces." Montpellier 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987MON20228.
Full textSadiki, Mohammed. "Contribution à l'étude de la tétrode M. O. S : conduction et bruit de fond basse fréquence." Montpellier 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON20108.
Full textDuval, Anne-Marie. "Détermination de la réponse d'un site aux séismes à l'aide du bruit de fond : évaluation expérimentale." Paris 6, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA066559.
Full textPinet, Dominique. "Le Bruit de fond en 1/f comme critère de qualité des résistances en couches minces." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376089374.
Full textCadet, Héloïse. "Utilisation combinée des méthodes basées sur le bruit de fond dans le cadre du microzonage sismique." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00271292.
Full textLe but de cette thèse est de développer et de valider des méthodologies opérationnelles utilisant le bruit de fond pour une prise en compte robuste et satisfaisante des effets de site dans un contexte réglementaire.
Cette thèse comprend deux volets principaux :
- Tout d'abord le développement d'un protocole sur les méthodes utilisant le bruit de fond, dans le but de qualifier la détermination sur un site de la fréquence fondamentale f0 (mesures "H/V") et de la vitesse moyenne des ondes de cisaillement sur les z 1ers mètres Vsz (mesures en réseau) ;
- Puis l'établissement d'une fonction empirique décrivant l'amplification d'un site en fonction des deux seuls paramètres f0 et Vsz. Cette étude est effectuée à partir des données japonaises Kik-net: les paramètres f0 et Vsz ont pu être estimés de façon fiables pour près de 500 sites, de même que leur fonction d'amplification entre les enregistrements en surface et en profondeur. Après correction de l'effet de profondeur et normalisation pour se ramener à une fonction d'amplification par rapport à un rocher affleurant "standard", une analyse statistique permet alors de définir la fonction cherchée, qui s'avère sensiblement meilleure que les coefficients de site proposés dans les règlementations actuelles type EC8.
Cadet, Héloïse. "Utilisation combinée des méthodes basées sur le bruit de fond dans le cadre du microzonage sismique." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007GRE10152.
Full textRecent destructive earthquakes repeatedly showed that site effects can drastically exacerbate damage. Improving the way such local hazard modifications are accounted for in earthquake risk mitigation policies is therefore a major concern, balanced however by tight economical constraints, which emphasize the need for inexpensive, though reliable methods. Noise measurements, an original geophysical method using ambient natural and anthropic vibrations, correspond to this need. The goal of this thesis is to develop and validate physically sound methodologies based on seismic noise allowing to account for site effects in a regulatory context, and combining simplicity, robustness and reliability. The idea is, in a first stage, to couple information from H/V measurements (resonance frequency f0) and array measurements (shear waves velocity, at least at shallow depth) to characterize the site conditions, and, in a second stage, to empirically develop statistical correlations between such limited site information and amplification functions, on the basis of the largest available high quality data set, i. E. , the Japanese Kik-net data. This thesis is therefore divided into two main sections dedicated, respectively, to each of these two steps. The 1st section is mainly targeted at proposing a field and processing protocol for the combined utilization of methods based on seismic noise. A series of investigations on synthetic and real data allows to identify the key factors controlling the reliability of estimates of the resonance frequency f0 and the mean S-waves velocity of the top z meters, Vsz (with z varying from 5 to 30 meters according to site conditions and array aperture). The proposed protocol is then intended to warrant – as much as possible – a good control of these key factors. The goal of the 2nd section is to develop a simple method for proposing a site-specific spectrum on the basis of the regional hazard and the site conditions characterized by f0 and Vsz. A subset of the Kik-net strong motion data is first selected, corresponding to nearly 500 sites with reliable P and S waves velocity profiles down to an average depth far larger than 50 m, and more than 4000 pairs of surface and down-hole seismic recordings. For each site, the site conditions can be characterized by reliable estimates of f0 and Vsz, and the borehole amplification function is estimated with spectral ratio between surface and down-hole recordings. Considering the large variability of depths and velocities for the borehole sensors, these "raw" functions are then normalized with respect to a carefully chosen "standard" reference rock, and corrected from depth effects, in order to approximate amplification function with respect to outcropping, standard rock. A statistical analysis then allows toderive empirical relationships between these normalized and corrected empirical amplification functions, and site conditions described by f0 and Vsz parameters. These amplification functions lead to significantly improved ground motion estimates compared to present earthquake regulations (such as EC8): our results could be readily applied in microzonation studies, and could as well pave the way for the next generation of building codes, with new site classifications and associated amplification functions
Tartarin, Jean-Guy. "LE BRUIT DE FOND ÉLECTRIQUE DANS LES COMPOSANTS ACTIFS, CIRCUITS ET SYSTÈMES DES HAUTES FRÉQUENCES : DES CAUSES VERS LES EFFETS." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00539034.
Full textPenarier, Annick. "Etude du bruit de fond BF et HF dans les transistors bipolaires double polysilicium et dans les transistors bipolaires à hétérojonction Si/SiGe et InP/GaInAs." Montpellier 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MON20117.
Full textBernard, Laura. "Recherche d'un neutrino stérile avec l'expérience STEREO : détermination des spectres neutrinos et caractérisation du bruit de fond." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAY029.
Full textThe reactor antineutrino anomaly (RAA) was revealed in 2011 following the reevaluationof the predicted flux. The 6% deficit in the measured rate near nuclear reactors can beexplained either by a bias in the prediction, or the introduction of a sterile neutrino at the eV massscale, participating in the mixing with the other neutrinos. In order to probe the existence of such aneutrino, and in order to be independant from the prediction, the Stereo experiment compares the¯ve energy spectra detected at di↵erent propagation lengths thanks to a segmented target located at[9-11] m from the highly enriched 235U reactor core of the ILL, Grenoble, France. The detection usesan inverse β decay (IBD) on the protons of a liquid scintillator. The light yield allows for a goodenergy resolution, which is important for the measurement of the ¯ve spectra at the percent level. Inorder to limit the impact of an uncertainty on the energy scale, this thesis describes an optimizationof the cuts used for the ¯ve selection. One of the major challenge of this surface experiment isthe control of the cosmic background, the latter being estimated from the reactor-OFF periodsand subtracted from the reactor-ON periods. As described in this thesis, it mostly generates fastneutrons, and it can be strongly reduced by the key observable of PSD (pulse shape discrimination).The calibration of the PSD is essential for the good subtraction of the background and is the centralpoint of the creative ¯ve spectra extraction method that is described in this thesis. The spectra areused to perform the oscillation analysis : the best fit of the RAA is rejected at 99% C.L. Also, apreliminary first pure 235U ¯ve spectra is presented, revealing tensions with the prediction at highenergies and no sign of the 5 MeV bump
Gurriaran, Rodolfo. "Développement de la spectrométrie gamma ultra bas bruit de fond au laboratoire souterrain de Modane : application aux décroissances double bêta." Bordeaux 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR10589.
Full textRemoto, Alberto. "Etude et impact du bruit de fond corrélé pour la mesure de l'angle thêta_13 avec l'expérience Double Chooz." Phd thesis, Université de Nantes, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00821629.
Full textRobbes, Didier. "Optimisation du couplage d'un squid rf a une ligne de reflectometrie : modele theorique, influence du bruit de fond." Caen, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985CAEN2037.
Full textBEAUDUIN, RAOUL. "Etude du bruit de fond sismique a l'aide des donnees geoscope et des donnees de l'experience ofm/sismobs." Paris 7, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA077172.
Full textVeron, Didier. "Utilisation des FADC pour la reconstruction et l'analyse des données de bruit de fond dans l'expérience neutrino de Chooz." Lyon 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO10074.
Full textZsoldos, Stephane. "Recherche d'un neutrino stérile avec l'expérience STEREO : construction du veto à muons et estimation du bruit de fond corrélé." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAY047/document.
Full textThe re-evaluation of the theoretical antineutrino flux emitted by nuclear reactors revealed a deficit of about 6% between the observed flux and the expected one. This so-called reactor antineutrino anomaly has a statistical significance of 2.7σ, and one possible explanation to this deficit could be the existence of a light sterile neutrino state into which reactor antineutrino oscillate at very short distances. The STEREO project, which will be presented in this thesis, aims to find an evidence of such oscillation.The measurement will take place at only few meters (~10 m) from the compact core of the Institut Laue-Langevin (ILL) research reactor in Grenoble, France, which provides a large flux of electron antineutrinos with an energy range from 1 to 10 MeV. The sensitive volume of the STEREO detector is 2m3 of organic liquid scintillator doped with Gadolinium, consisting of 6 cells stacked along the direction of the core and detecting anti-neutrinos via inverse beta decay.This setup will provide excellent sensitivity to short-baseline oscillations effects by precisely measuring any relative distortion of the antineutrino spectrum as a function of both energy and baseline.Close proximity to the reactor yield a high background environment from nearby experiments that is managed through heavy shielding surrounding the detector. Many measurements campaign has been performed to characterized this background and had allowed the improvement of the passive shielding design installed on-site.Moreover, an additional detector is settled above STEREO to tag the presence of an incoming cosmic muon and define a muon veto. These muons will produce fast neutrons during their interaction through the shieldings of STEREO and these neutrons can mimick the expected antineutrino signal. Therefore it is crucial to define the most efficient and homogenous veto to these muons.It consists of a tank of 2.5m3 of water detecting muons by their Cerenkov radiation. The light emitted is collected thanks to 20 photomultipliers positionned at the top of the tank and a chemical compound is added into the water to improve the light collection on the photomultipliers.This muon veto fully covers the STEREO detector along with its shieldings.Several configurations of the muon veto system using prototypes before the final instrumental has allowed to define a trigger system which allows an excellent efficiency to cosmic muons regarding a little sensitivity to others particles. These numerous tests were also used to check and optimize the dedicated electronics builded at LPSC, which is the same for both the STEREO detector and muon veto.After characterization of the muon flux on site and with respect to the muon veto efficiency, a simulation has been developped to evaluate the rate of fake antineutrino event expected from the muon-induced fast neutrons. Thus, this result has confirmed the scientific requirements of the experience, which is the ability to probe the reactor antineutrino anomaly in 300 days of reactor data.STEREO is at the moment being comissionned and will deliver his first results at the end of 2016
Vignaud, Pierre. "Métrologie et étude du bruit de fond des transistors à effet de champ AsGa Mesfet et Modfet : bruits de la grille, du canal et corrélation." Montpellier 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON20094.
Full textMention, Guillaume. "Étude des sensibilités et bruits de fond de l'expérience Double Chooz pour la recherche du paramètre de mélange leptonique θ13." Lyon 1, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/04/85/95/PDF/tel-00010528.pdf.
Full textVǎla, Ladislav. "Mesure de la double désintégration bêta avec émission de deux neutrinos du Mo100 vers l'état excité 0+(1) dans l'expérience NEMO3." Paris 11, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA112166.
Full textThe NEMO3 detector was designed for the study of double beta decay and in particular for the search for neutrinoless double beta decay process. The intended sensitivity in the term of a half-life limit for the neutrinoless double beta decay is of the order of 10^25 years, which corresponds to the effective neutrino mass on the level of (O. 3 -0. 1) eV. The neutrinoless process is today the most promising test of the "Majorana" nature of the neutrino. The detector was constructed in the Modane Underground Laboratory (LSM) in France by an international collaboration including France, Russia, the Czech Republic, the USA, the UK, Finland, and Japan. The experiment has been taking data since May 2002. The quantity of Mo100 in the detector (7 kg) allows an efficient measurement of the two-neutrino double beta decay of Mo100 to the excited 0+(1) state. Monte-Carlo simulations of the effect and of all the relative sources of background have been done in order to define a set of appropriate selection criteria. Both Monte-Carlo simulations and special runs with sources of Tl208 and Bi214 showed that the only significant background in the analysis channel "two electrons and N photons" comes from radon that penetrated inside the wire chamber of NEMO3. The experimental data acquired from May 2002 to May 2003 have been analysed in order to determine the signal from the two-neutrino double beta decay of Mo100 to the excited 0+(1) state and the corresponding background level. The physical result, which was obtained at the level of four standard deviations, is given in the form of an interval of half-life values at 95% confidence level
Reynoso-Hernandez, J. Apolinar. "Bruit de fond, phénomènes de relaxation électrique et fiabilité de composants actifs pour micro-ondes (diodes Schottky, MESFET et HEMT)." Toulouse 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989TOU30185.
Full textDunand, François. "Pertinence du bruit de fond sismique pour la caractérisation dynamique et l’aide au diagnostic sismique de structures de génie civil." Grenoble 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005GRE10007.
Full textAmbient vibrations are mechanical low amplitude vibrations generated by human and natural activities. By forcing into vibration engineering structures, these vibrations can be used to estimate the structural dynamic characteristics. The goal of this study is to compare building dynamic characteristics derived from ambient vibrations to those derived from more energetic solicitations (e. G. Earthquake). This study validates the efficiency of this method and shows that ambient vibrations results can be extrapolated to seismic behavior. Afterwards, this method has been used as a building damage estimate method after seismic events. First we applied this method in laboratory on structural elements (columns and beams) suffering damages. Then, we applied it on real scale buildings which suffered damages after the Boumerdes seismic event (Algeria 21/05/2003, Mw 6. 8). Finally, a set of buildings located in Grenoble and Nice was tested. The correlation of the two main dynamic parameters (frequency and damping) gives us informations on the in-situ measured damping origin. These results show that the ambient vibrations method is efficiency for buildings dynamic characteristics estimate and seismic evaluation
Kouadio, Amani. "Etude de transistors mos à canal implanté : caractéristiques courant-tension et bruit de fond : application aux amplificateurs de lecture de dispositifs à transfert de charges." Montpellier 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON20026.
Full textCupillard, Paul. "Simulation par la méthode des éléments spectraux des formes d'onde obtenues par corrélation de bruit sismique." Paris, Institut de physique du globe, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008GLOB0003.
Full textThe waveform we can obtain by correlating ambient seismic noise recorded at two different stations gives an interesting signature of the media between these stations. This provides a new type of data that can be used to investigate the Earth's structure, as the earthquakes records do. Only the phase information has been considered from noise correlations for now and we would like to know in this work whether the amplitude can also be used or not. Ultimately, our aim is to process a spectral element simulation of the entire waveforms. In a first time, we study the features of correlations generated with synthetic seismic noise. Both uniform and non-uniform sources distributions are investigated and the effect of attenuation is carefully detailed for raw, 1-bit and whitened noise. In a second time, we compute a spectral element simulation of these synthetic correlations. The main difficulty is to take into account the amplitudes of the anisotropic noise flux that goes across the stations network. To do so, we use the time-reversal technique and we create a extended source that is positioned at a station and then propagated with the SEM ina certain Earth's model to retrieve waveforms corresponding to correlations between this station and the other receivers of the network. The result is demonstrated numerically as well as theoretically using the representation theorem. Moreover, the spectral element code we use is presented, with an accurated validation and two examples of wavefields generated by earthquakes in a 3D model of Europe. To end up, we apply our time-reversal process to correlations from real seismic noise. We discuss problems due to space-time variations of the noise sources and we show very encouraging results
Schortgen, Marc. "Étude théorique et expérimentale du bruit de fond généré dans les transistors à effet de champ en gammes centimétrique et millimétrique." Lille 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985LIL10090.
Full textLouati, Sihem. "Acquisition, traitement, analyse, modélisation et inversion des enregistrements de bruit de fond sismique : application : les berges du lac sud de Tunis." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066475.
Full textThe analysis and characterization of the sub-soil can be performed using several geophysical methods and surveys. These methods include traditional seismic methods (active or passive) that require the use of natural or artificial seismic sources and whose application is limited by the characteristics of the sources. After the finding of Nakamura theory (1989), a recent passive seismic technique consist to record the ambient seismic noise is established. To analyze the seismic risk of south lake banks of Tunis City, we have used this method. Campaigns measures in the field of study leads to the determination of seismic micro-zoning maps and identification of origin of these signals. Using several numerical simulations, the development of the relationship between a soil column and the results of these ambient seismic noise recordings is achieved. The estimation of the propagation of a seismic source through a column of tabular soil is performed. Then, a distribution of noise sources in both surface and subsurface is made and an estimation of the seismic signal generated by this two-dimensional distribution is performed. Geophysical and geotechnical site characterization study allows the comparison between these results and the results from an inversion of the curves H/V. This comparison reassures outcomes deriving records seismic noise
Guler, Hayg. "Contribution à l'expérience G0 de violation de la parité : calcul et simulation des corrections radiatives et étude du bruit de fond." Paris 11, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA112279.
Full textIn the framework of quantum chromodynamics, the nucleon is made of three valence quarks surrpounded by a sea of gluons and quark-antiquark pairs. Only the only lightest quarks (u, d and s) contribute significantly to the nucleon properties. In Go we using the property of weak interaction to violate parity symmetry, in order to determine separately the contributions of the three types of quarks to nucleon form factors. The experiment, which takes place at Thomas Jefferson laboratory (USA), aims at measuring parity violation asymmetry in electron-proton scattering. By doing several measurements at different momentum squared of the exchanged photons and for different kinematics (forward angle when the proton is detected and backward angle it will be the electron) will permit to determine separately strange quarks electric and magnetic contributions to nucleon form factors. To extract an asymmetry with small errors, it is necessary to correct all the beam parameters, and to have high enough counting rates in detectors. A special electronics was developed to treat information coming from 16 scintillator pairs for each of the 8 sectors of the Go spectrometer. A complete calculation of radiative corrections has been clone and Monte Carlo simulations with the GEANT program has permitted to de determine the shape of the experimental spectra including inelastic background. This work will allow to do a comparison between experimental data and theoretical calculations based on the Standard Model
Utard, Christian. "Les Oscillateurs microondes faible bruit de fond à base de MESFET GaAs, TEGFET GaAIAs et transistor bipolaire modélisation, caractérisation et comparaison /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376190133.
Full textDolgorouky, Youri. "Optimisation du pouvoir de résolution et du rejet du fond radioactif de détecteurs ionisation-chaleur équipés de couches minces thermométriques pour la détection directe de WIMPs." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00401690.
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