Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Rejection Level Of The Product'
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Hannila, H. (Hannu). "Towards data-driven decision-making in product portfolio management:from company-level to product-level analysis." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2019. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526224428.
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Abstract Products and services are critical for companies as they create the foundation for companies’ financial success. Twenty per cent of company products typically account for some eighty per cent of sales volume. Nevertheless, the product portfolio decisions — how to strategically renew company product offering — tend to involve emotions, pet products and who-shout-the-loudest mentality while facts, numbers, and quantitative analyses are missing. Profitability is currently measured and reported at a company level, and firms seem unable to measure product-level profitability in a constant way. Consequently, companies are unable to maintain and renew their product portfolio in a strategically or commercially balanced way. The main objective of this study is to provide a data-driven product portfolio management (PPM) concept, which recognises and visualises in real-time and based on facts which company products are concurrently strategic and profitable, and what is the share of them in the product portfolio. This dissertation is a qualitative study to understand the topical area by the means combining literature review, company interviews, observations, and company internal material, to take steps towards data-driven decision-making in PPM. This study indicates that company data assets need to be combined and governed company-widely to realise the full potential of company strategic assets — the DATA. Data must be governed separately from business IT technology and beyond it. Beyond data and technology, the data-driven company culture must be adopted first. The data-driven PPM concept connects key business processes, business IT systems and several concepts, such as productization, product lifecycle management and PPM. The managerial implications include, that the shared understanding of the company products is needed, and the commercial and technical product structures are created accordingly, as they form the backbone of the company business as the skeleton to gather all product-related business-critical information for product-level profitability analysis. Also, product classification for strategic, supportive and non-strategic is needed, since the strategic nature of the product can change during the entire product lifecycle, e.g. due to the technology obsolescence, disruptive innovations by competitors, or for any other reasonTiivistelmä Tuotteet ja palvelut ovat yrityksille kriittisiä, sillä ne luovat perustan yritysten taloudelliselle menestykselle. Kaksikymmentä prosenttia yrityksen tuotteista edustaa tyypillisesti noin kahdeksaakymmentä prosenttia myyntimääristä. Siitä huolimatta tuoteporfoliopäätöksiin — kuinka strategisesti uudistetaan yrityksen tuotetarjoomaa — liittyy tunteita, lemmikkituotteita ja kuka-huutaa-kovimmin -mentaliteettia faktojen, numeroiden ja kvantitatiivisten analyysien puuttuessa. Kannattavuutta mitataan ja raportoidaan tällä hetkellä yritystasolla, ja yritykset eivät näyttäisi pystyvän mittaamaan tuotetason kannattavuutta johdonmukaisesti. Tämä estää yrityksiä ylläpitämästä ja uudistamasta tuotevalikoimaansa strategisesti tai kaupallisesti tasapainoisella tavalla. Tämän tutkimuksen päätavoite on tarjota dataohjattu (data-driven) tuoteportfoliohallinnan konsepti, joka tunnistaa ja visualisoi reaaliajassa ja faktapohjaisesti, mitkä yrityksen tuotteet ovat samanaikaisesti strategisia ja kannattavia ja mikä on niiden osuus tuoteportfoliossa. Tämä väitöskirja on laadullinen tutkimus, jossa yhdistyy kirjallisuuskatsaus, yrityshaastattelut, havainnot ja yritysten sisäinen dokumentaatio, joiden pohjalta pyritään kohti dataohjautuvaa päätöksentekoa tuoteportfolion hallinnassa. Tämä tutkimus osoittaa, että yrityksen data assettit on yhdistettävä ja hallittava yrityksenlaajuisesti, jotta yrityksen strategisten assettien — DATAN — potentiaali voidaan hyödyntää kokonaisuudessaan. Data on hallittava erillään yrityksen IT-teknologiasta ja sen yläpuolella. Ennen dataa ja teknologiaa on omaksuttava dataohjattu yrityskulttuuri. Dataohjatun tuoteportfolionhallinnan konsepti yhdistää keskeiset liiketoimintaprosessit, liiketoiminnan IT-järjestelmät ja useita konsepteja, kuten tuotteistaminen, tuotteen elinkaaren hallinta ja tuoteportfolion hallinta. Yhteisymmärrys yrityksen tuotteista ja sekä kaupallisen että teknisen tuoterakenteet luominen vastaavasti on ennakkoedellytys dataohjatulle tuoteportfolion hallinnalle, koska ne muodostavat yrityksen liiketoiminnan selkärangan, joka yhdistää kaikki tuotteisiin liittyvät liiketoimintakriittiset tiedot tuotetason kannattavuuden analysoimiseksi. Lisäksi tarvitaan tuotteiden kategorisointi strategisiin, tukeviin ja ei-strategisiin tuotteisiin, koska tuotteen strateginen luonne voi muuttua tuotteen elinkaaren aikana, johtuen esimerkiksi teknologian vanhenemisesta, kilpailijoiden häiritsevistä innovaatioista tai mistä tahansa muusta syystä
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Hura, Charles M. (Charles Michael) 1961. "System level variation analysis of product development." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/91737.
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Green, Kimberly M. "Learning and knowledge management in corporate entrepreneurship portfolio-level and product-level determinants of launch in continuous new product development /." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2007. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3277980.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Kelley School of Business, 2007.Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 68-09, Section: A, page: 3947. Adviser: Jeffrey G. Covin. Title from dissertation home page (viewed May 5, 2008).
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Lester, Ryan John. "Product-level bill of material development process : managing complexity." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/49784.
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Thesis (M.B.A.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management; and, (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division; in conjunction with the Leaders for Manufacturing Program at MIT, 2009.Includes bibliographical references (p. 77).
Cisco's current process for developing and maintaining product-level bills of materials (BOMs) has resulted in inconsistencies in BOM structure leading to product launch delays, increased product support costs, and lower customer satisfaction. Furthermore the complexity of having a large number of different, in effect customized, product solutions for its customers makes it difficult for Cisco's supply chain operations group to drive standardized methods across the over 50 business units. For Cisco's supply chain to operate most efficiently, all Cisco Business Units (BUs) must accurately structure and manage their product-level BOMs. The purpose of this thesis research is to document the as-is BOM structuring and management process, assess the issues inherent with the process today, and develop a new process that will drive standardization across the company and address the inconsistencies in BOM structure that are seen in Cisco today. The thesis work will be divided into three major sections; measure, analyze and improve. First, we will examine four business units (BUs) within Cisco Systems, Inc., which represent the varying complexities of their overall business segments. These example BUs will be studied to look at the impact of the current non-standardized process for developing the product-level BOM structure. Secondly, we will analyze this current process and show its impact on the overall enterprise, focusing on the key stakeholders involved with BOM development.
(cont.) Finally, with these research findings, we will develop a new product-level BOM development methodology. This new methodology will be a criteria-based approach utilizing workflows to organize the process. The new process developed will become the foundation for continuous improvement in BOM development at Cisco Systems, Inc.
by Ryan John Lester.
S.M.
M.B.A.
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Black, James William. "Product-level Bill of Material Development Methodology : process implementation." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/59153.
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Thesis (M.B.A.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management; and, (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division; in conjunction with the Leaders for Global Operations Program at MIT, 2010.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 49).
Cisco Systems maintains its leading position in the IP network equipment market through continual innovation and release of new products. In order to manage these new product introductions, the Product Operations group enables the development engine by standardizing and refining operations processes. The Bill of Materials Development Methodology (BOM DM) is a new process created to reduce BOM structuring errors and lead to an improved fulfillment experience for Cisco customers. In keeping with the Six Sigma philosophy, the BOM DM implementation team used the Define-Measure-Analyze-Implement-Control (DMAIC) approach to manage this process but struggled to find the supporting data to appropriately measure critical process parameters or quantify the impact of the solution. After re-evaluation, the approach was modified to maintain the Six Sigma mindset but abandon much of the rigor of DMAIC such that the implementation could be completed within the required timeframe and available resources. This required a new process improvement strategy that would educate the New Product Introduction (NPI) teams on the downstream consequences of their actions so that they would buy in to the need for a standardized best practice. The BOM DM was incorporated into the product development standards and each functional group was given the option to adopt. Six months later the project was reviewed to understand its effect on the company. This thesis serves as a case study of the issues faced on many DMAIC implementations in the real world that experience less than perfect execution. Though sacrificing the confidence that is supported by statistically significant measurement and analysis, the revised approach utilized for the BOM DM implementation leveraged two of Cisco's prized endowments: speed and a creative entrepreneurial spirit. The goal of this thesis is to uncover the tradeoffs of such a compromise and empower managers to decide how best to engage in future process improvements.
by James William Black.
S.M.
M.B.A.
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Jin, Yanya. "Development of materials criticality profiling methodology at product level." Thesis, Troyes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TROY0004/document.
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Les impacts causés par la crise des terres rares en 2010 mettent en évidence l’importance des matériaux et ont conduit en un intérêt accru dans la recherche sur leur criticité. Cette thèse s’ouvre par un état de l’art qui présente et évalue les travaux existants dans ce domaine et met en évidence trois lacunes de la recherche sur la criticité des matériaux (l’absence d’un véritable diagnostic de criticité; l’absence d’une méthodologie d’évaluation de la criticité au niveau produit; le défaut de lien bien établi entre mécanisme de criticité, méthode d’évaluation et solutions proposées). En conséquence, la thèse comble les deux premières lacunes et offre plusieurs pistes à l’égard de la troisième. Concernant le diagnostic de la criticité d’un matériau, la thèse propose d’illustrer le mécanisme de criticité par quatre dimensions : le déséquilibre entre offre et demande ; l’importance du matériau pour le produit ; l’accessibilité de l’approvisionnement ; et les facteurs dynamiques. Une définition de la criticité est proposée. Le mécanisme de criticité étant au centre de la recherche, une méthodologie permettant de déterminer la criticité matérielle à l’échelle « produit » est développée et complétée par un modèle applicatif quantitatif. La méthodologie offre un raisonnement général pour conduire une étude de la criticité ; le modèle illustre une de ses possibilités d’être appliqué à des cas réels pour déterminer quantitativement la criticité. A la fin, l’application du modèle à deux produits (l’aimant permanent et la diode électroluminescente) est présentéeRare earth crisis in 2010 showed the importance of some materials and whipped up interest in the research on material criticality. A review work was first conducted in order to get a better understanding of the existing work in this research area and to see where more work is needed. Based on this review, three research gaps were identified (lack of a comprehensive diagnosis of criticality; lack of evaluation methodology at the product level; lack of links between the mechanism of criticality, the evaluation methodology and the solutions offered. This thesis focuses on the two first research gaps and offers several ideas for the last one. Regarding diagnosis of criticality, the mechanism is illustrated under four dimensions: imbalance between supply and demand, importance of the material to product, supply accessibility and dynamic factors. A definition of criticality is also put forward. Considering the established mechanism as research core, a methodology to evaluate the criticality of materials at the product level has been developed and is completed with a concrete and quantitative model. The methodology offers guidance on how to assess criticality and sets a framework for evaluation. The model illustrates a way to use this methodology through a tool that assigns a ‘criticality score’ to materials and shows how the score is contributed. The calculations were automated in Excel. Two applications, one for permanent magnet and the other for light emitting diode, were conducted to demonstrate and improve the methodology and the model
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Charoenrungsiri, Visut, and Umaporn Oonsuphab. "Multi Level Marketing products in Thailand." Thesis, Mälardalen University, School of Sustainable Development of Society and Technology, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-9902.
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Song, Ruoyu. "Game theoretic optimization for product line evolution." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/54472.
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Product line planning aims at optimal planning of product variety. In addition, the traditional product line planning problem develops new product lines based on product attributes without considering existing product lines. However, in reality, almost all new product lines evolve from existing product lines, which leads to the product line evolution problem. Product line evolution involves trade-offs between the marketing perspective and engineering perspective. The marketing concern focuses on maximizing utility for customers; the engineering concern focuses on minimizing engineering cost. Utility represents satisfaction experienced by the customers of a product. Engineering cost is the total cost involved in the process of the development of a product line. These two goals are in conflict since the high utility requires high-end product attributes which could increase the engineering cost and vice versa. Rather than aggregating both problems as one single level optimization problem, the marketing and engineering concerns entail a non-collaborative game per se. This research investigates a game-theoretic approach to the product line evolution problem. A leader-follower joint optimization model is developed to leverage conflicting goals of marketing and engineering concerns within a coherent framework of game theoretic optimization. To solve the joint optimization model efficiently, a bi-level nested genetic algorithm is developed. A case study of smart watch product line evolution is reported to illustrate the feasibility and potential of the proposed approach.
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Meister, David P. L. "Integrated product team implementation and leadership at the program level." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1996. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA325702.
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Thesis (M.S. in Systems Acquisition Management) Naval Postgraduate School, December 1996.Thesis advisor(s): Susan Hocevar, Keith F. Snider. "December 1996." Includes bibliographical references (p. 105-106). Also available online.
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Abbas, Muhammad. "Requirements-Level Reuse Recommendation and Prioritization of Product Line Assets." Licentiate thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Inbyggda system, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-53667.
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Software systems often target a variety of different market segments. Targeting varying customer requirements requires a product-focused development process. Software Product Line (SPL) engineering is one possible approach based on reuse rationale to aid quick delivery of quality product variants at scale. SPLs reuse common features across derived products while still providing varying configuration options. The common features, in most cases, are realized by reusable assets. In practice, the assets are reused in a clone-and-own manner to reduce the upfront cost of systematic reuse. Besides, the assets are implemented in increments, and requirements prioritization also has to be done. In this context, the manual reuse analysis and prioritization process become impractical when the number of derived products grows. Besides, the manual reuse analysis process is time-consuming and heavily dependent on the experience of engineers. In this licentiate thesis, we study requirements-level reuse recommendation and prioritization for SPL assets in industrial settings. We first identify challenges and opportunities in SPLs where reuse is done in a clone-and-own manner. We then focus on one of the identified challenges: requirements-based SPL assets reuse and provide automated support for identifying reuse opportunities for SPL assets based on requirements. Finally, we provide automated support for requirements prioritization in the presence of dependencies resulting from reuse.
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Yu, Da. "Dynamic responses of PCB under product level free drop impact." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2008.
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Thesis (M.S.)--State University of New York at Binghamton, Thomas J. Watson School of Engineering and Applied Science, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2008.Includes bibliographical references.
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Sun, Ling (Cindy). "Transferring Corporate-level Brand Evaluations to Product-level Brand Evaluations: the Context of Chinese Car Brands." Thesis, Griffith University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365950.
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A number of discussions have taken place in the recent decade on how to build a successful brand in an increasingly globalised market, including in the emerging markets. China as an attractive emerging market has gained a lot of researchers to conduct research from the macro- or micro-view to discuss the branding issues. Among these discussions, however, there are big gaps for the branding issue in terms of the corporate image transferring to product brand performance, and the influence of corporate brands vis-á-vis product brands on consumer behaviours. Meanwhile, joint ventures as the most popular form for foreign investment in China, has not received sufficient research toward branding issues, presenting another valuable literature gap to fulfil.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Griffith School of Business
Griffith Business School
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Inglis, Robert Michael, and Robert inglis@rmit edu au. "Management Accounting and Market Orientation: A Product-level Case-study Analysis." RMIT University. Accounting and Law, 2008. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20080724.102053.
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Over the past two decades, research in both the management accounting and marketing disciplines has reported insightful developments, theoretically and empirically, in which both are implicated, yet research into the interface between the two disciplines remains relatively unexplored. In the management accounting literature, a strategically-orientated approach has evolved in which customers, customer satisfaction, customer value and competitive positioning have developed as key management themes requiring a re-evaluation of the existing management accounting information for decision-making. In marketing, research on �market orientation�, has emphasised similar and interrelated themes of customers, competitors, and the interfunctional coordination of organisational activities in the creation of customer value and the ascertainment and calculation of profits. Taking market orientation as a point of departure, in this thesis a conceptual framework is developed which reflects the theoretical links between management accounting and market orientation at a product decision-making level. The undertaking of two in-depth organisational case studies is reported in which market orientation and management accounting for each functional area is analysed and discussed. A greater functional and organisational emphasis on customers� vis-�-vis competitors was found as was an emphasis on informal means of information communication and coordination between functional areas. Despite consistent cross-functional understanding of customers� product-attribute needs in both case studies, the findings indicate the use of �traditional� accounting information for product-level decision-making and an absence of market-orientated accounting information. Exploration and description of the industry and organisational context in both case studies provides an insight into several factors - formality, strategic orientation, organisational structural costs and resource capability � that appear to influence market orientation and the adoption of market-orientated accounting for product decision-making.
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Schröter, Reimar [Verfasser]. "Multi-level interfaces between software product lines : avoiding direct dependencies / Reimar Schröter." Magdeburg : Universitätsbibliothek Otto-von-Guericke-Universität, 2018. http://d-nb.info/122003598X/34.
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Kim, Young Kyu. "Age-related differences in construal level theory: implications for product concept testing." Diss., University of Iowa, 2018. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/6449.
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This research seeks to advance our understanding about potential sources of error arising from key decisions when conducting new product concept tests. My particular focus is on research design decisions including respondent selection (younger vs. older), information type (attribute vs. benefit) and presentation format (verbal vs. visual) and how their decisions influence respondents’ evaluations of new product concepts during concept tests. Importantly, I draw on construal level theory (CLT) to demonstrate that decisions in these three areas influence respondents’ reactions to new product concepts in an interactive rather than independent manner.
A key implication is that design decisions in concept testing lead to acceptance and rejection of product concepts independent of the inherent characteristics of the concepts themselves. Therefore, this research identifies potential sources of error not yet identified in the marketing literature. Furthermore, I provide prescriptions for overcoming the identified limitations. For example, I draw on CLT to explain challenges older respondents face when evaluating “attribute only” concept statements. The findings in this research suggest thst when product managers conduct “attribute only” product concept tests with older adults, they should consider the inclusion of design factors such as images and instructions that promote a more concrete processing style.
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Tan, Ah Kat, and n/a. "Product information management in concurrent design systems." University of Canberra. Design and Architecture, 2003. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20050707.092604.
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In this thesis, the management of product information in concurrent design
systems has been investigated with particular reference to product
development in small and medium enterprise (SME) industry and design
education at polytechnic level in Singapore. From a critical review of the
relevant literature on product design and development processes,
concurrent engineering, concurrent design systems, product data
management and related methods, it is found that there is a clear need for a
new design of a system for organizing and managing product information
in a concurrent design environment in the above contexts. This finding has
led to the development of a conceptual rationale, termed the Design Tensor
Method, and the design and development of an innovative product
information management system called PRIMAS. PRIMAS is a systematic
methodology for the classification, organization, integration,
communication, storage and management of product information in the
product development process. A software prototype based on PRIMAS has
been subsequently developed. PRIMAS along with its conceptual principles
have been applied and tested in a product design project in a tertiary
educational institution and in two significant industrial product
development projects based respectively in two SMEs. Positive evaluation
feedback on PRIMAS has been obtained in these studies. The product
development projects investigated with PRIMAS have also produced
outcomes that meet the original specified design requirements. The
findings from this research have led to the conclusion that PRIMAS is a
viable product information management system that can be used effectively
for managing product information in concurrent design projects in SME
industry and design education. Substantial PRIMAS databases of useful
product information have been compiled for the product development
projects investigated with PRIMAS. Finally, recommendations are made for
future research.
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Zhang, Qiang [Verfasser]. "Use of interferon-stimulated gene expression level in renal transplant patients’ blood as biomarkers for diagnosis of rejection / Qiang Zhang." Berlin : Medizinische Fakultät Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1218077840/34.
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Anil, Pillai Deepa. "Essays on Product Placement: An Analysis of Key Executional and Individual Level Factors that Influence the Effectiveness of Product Placements." OpenSIUC, 2011. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/364.
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"Product Placement" or "Brand Placement" is the paid inclusion of branded products or brand identifiers, through audio and/or visual means, within entertainment media. This dissertation is a collection of three essays that investigate factors affecting the effectiveness of product placements. The first essay focuses on two measures of product placement effectiveness - audience recall and attitudes toward the placement. Extant empirical studies that address the antecedents of these constructs were integrated through a meta-analysis. Some key findings are as follows. The prominence of placements is a controllable executional factor that was found to have a significant positive relationship with recall. Recall was also affected by modality - audio-visual placements had better recall than audio-only placements which in turn performed better than visual-only placements. Audience attitudes toward placements had a strong relationship with the nature of the product - products that had negative ethical connotations were found to be less acceptable to audiences. However, viewers who were avid consumers of entertainment media tended to have more positive attitudes. Essay 2 focuses on the effect of repetition of placements of the same brand within a single television program. The results from an experiment show that unlike advertising, there was no negative-U relationship between the frequency of placements and audience attitudes toward the brand placed. In the case of visual placements, attitudes actually improved with frequency as a result of the mere exposure effect. However, this effect was not observed in the case of audio placements. Essay 3 addresses "Need for Cognition", an individual level variable that was found to affect audience response toward the brand placed. Data were collected through an online survey and analyzed using structural equation modeling. The mood of the viewer and their parasocial attachment with the character in the program that was associated with the placement had significant positive relationships with their attitude toward the specific placement, which in turn had a strong positive relationship with the attitude toward the brand. However, the latter relationship was moderated by NFC, with the effect being significantly stronger for those viewers who did not engage in, or enjoy analytical activity. Limitations of the studies, the relevance of the findings to marketing practice, and the contribution to scholarly research are discussed.
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Wagoner, Scott T. "Effects of One's Level of Anxious Attachment and its Correlates on Satisfaction with Self-Sacrifice and Relationship Satisfaction." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1406220775.
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Emmanouilides, Christos J. "Micro-level modelling of new product adoption in the presence of social interactions." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.310507.
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Jordaan, Pieter Francois Retief. "Value-based management at the customer- and product level / Pieter Francois Retief Jordaan." Thesis, North-West University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/1101.
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The creation of shareholder wealth has become a key measurement of corporate
success. Value-based management (VBM) is a powerful management framework with
the aim to focus all managerial processes on shareholder wealth creation. It therefore
encourages all staff levels within the organisation to focus on value creation. Various
metrics have been developed to measure the value creation process within the
organisation. Discounted cash flow to the present value at the weighted average cost
of capital lies at the heart of these metrics.
The application of VBM principles at the lower levels within the organisation is critical
to ensure that lower level staff applies value-creating principles in their daily jobs.
Through the use of value mapping, underlying value drivers are linked to the overall
strategy of value creation.
The application of VBM within the financial services industry is critical for survival
within a continuous changing environment. For organisations to be value creators it is
imperative to apply VBM principles at the customer- and product level for decision-making
and rewarding. The usage of VBM tools, such as embedded value (EV) and
customer lifetime value (CLV), provide an understanding of the impact that a product
or customer has on the value of the organisation. These tools do not only provide
information on the profitability of customers today, but also provides information on the
potential value of a customer or product.
Despite the agreement that shareholder value and the use of EV's for sales rewards
should take centre stage, management within First National Bank (FNB) is still inclined
towards traditional metrics, creating scenario's where the business unit and short-term
performance takes preference over the intent of the organisation and long-term
sustainable shareholder value.
With international organisations entering the South African financial market, local
financial institutions cannot be managed as they have been managed previously within
a protected market. South African financial institutions need to adjust themselves to
become world-class value creating organisations, where the shareholder comes first.Thesis (M.Com. (Management Accounting))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2006.
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McKean, David Keith. "Leveraging Model-Based Techniques for Component Level Architecture Analysis in Product-Based Systems." Thesis, The George Washington University, 2019. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=13812870.
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System design at the component level seeks to construct a design trade space of alternate solutions comprising mapping(s) of system function(s) to physical hardware or software product components. The design space is analyzed to determine a near-optimal next-level allocated architecture solution that system function and quality requirements. Software product components are targeted to increasingly complex computer systems that provide heterogeneous combinations of processing resources. These processing technologies facilitate performance (speed) optimization via algorithm parallelization. However, speed optimization can conflict with electrical energy and thermal constraints. A multi-disciplinary architecture analysis method is presented that considers all attribute constraints required to synthesize a robust, optimum, extensible next-level solution. This paper presents an extensible, executable model-based architecture attribute framework that efficiently constructs a component-level design trade space. A proof-of-concept performance attribute model is introduced that targets single-CPU systems. The model produces static performance estimates that support optimization analysis and dynamic performance estimation values that support simulation analysis. This model-based approach replaces current architecture analysis of alternatives spreadsheet approaches. The capability to easily model computer resource alternatives that produces attribute estimates improves design space exploration productivity. Performance estimation improvements save time and money through reduced prototype requirements. Credible architecture attribute estimates facilitate more informed design tradeoff discussions with specialty engineers. This paper presents initial validation of a model-based architecture attribute analysis method and model framework using a single computation thread application on two laptop computers with different CPU configurations. Execution time estimates are calibrated for several data input sizes using the first laptop. Actual execution times on the second laptop are shown to be within 10 percent of execution time estimates for all data input sizes.
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Barton, Lisa Ceinwen. "Antecedents and outcomes of mid-level marketing managers product-market strategy implementation behaviour." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2006. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/54326/.
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This thesis presents a study of mid-level marketing managers' behaviour in product-market strategy implementation with the overall objective of understanding how the performance of product-market strategy implementation might be improved. A literature review from a number of fields is conducted in order to develop a guiding framework for the development of a conceptual model. By combining perspectives on product-market strategy implementation from a structural, contextual and interpersonal process perspective, the study provides a broad and integrative understanding of product-market strategy implementation performance. A holistic model encompassing situational antecedents to two dimensions of mid-level marketing managers' product-market strategy implementation behaviour (counterproductive work behaviour and citizenship behaviour) is presented. The outcomes of these dimensions of behaviour are assessed in terms of the internal and external effectiveness of product-market strategy implementation performance. A number of hypotheses are constructed linking situational antecedents to the dimensions of product-market strategy implementation behaviour and these dimensions of behaviour to product-market strategy implementation performance. The research design and empirical method used to test the hypotheses is developed and presented A questionnaire is designed and employed as the survey instrument to generate the data on the hypothesized relationships. The method of administration uses a four stage postal survey. The data generated are examined through an analysis of the descriptive statistics before scale construction through principal components analysis. The hypotheses are subsequently tested through correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis A discussion of the findings provides a number of conclusions that make a tangible contribution to knowledge and practice. Several directions for future research that emerge from the findings, in addition to opportunities presented from the limitations of the study are offered.
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Scott, Nathan W. "High-level, Product Type-specific Programmatic Operations for Streamlining Associative Computer-aided Design." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2008. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd2601.pdf.
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OSBAKK, ALEXANDER, and HARALD VAKSDAL. "New Product Development : A Stage-Gate model in a B2B setting for product development with a low level of technological innovation." Thesis, KTH, Industriell Management, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-190924.
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Företag utvecklar nya produkter för att öka intäkterna och fortsätta vara konkurrenskraftiga. Produktutveckling är ett område det forskats mycket inom och forskningen fokuserar ofta på innovativa produkter. Det ursprungliga problemet för denna uppsats var att göra en undersökning inför utvecklingen av en produkt med låg grad av teknisk innovation. Den tidigare forskningens höga fokus på innovation kombinerat med att uppdragsgivaren inte har några processer för produktutveckling gjorde att uppsatsens omfattning utökades. Denna uppsats presenterar en modell för utveckling av produkter med låg innovation samt en applicering av modellen. Modellen utvecklades genom att studera tidigare litteratur om produktutveckling, främst kring Stage-Gate modeller, och även om kriterier och best-practice inom produktutveckling. Litteraturstudien kombinerades med resultat från intervjuer och resulterade i en modell för utveckling av låginnovativa produkter. Modellen är delad i två delar, den första fokuserar på analys av produktförslaget och den andra fokuserar på att utveckla produkten. Jämfört med tidigare modeller har omfattningen för de olika stegen och gaterna blivit mer fokuserad och tydlig. Den första delen av modellen testades genom att applicera den på det ursprungliga produktförslaget. Testet visade att modellen är passande för den typen av produkter och att de föreslagna generella kriterierna var rimliga. För den specifika produkten visade modellen att produkten var strategiskt passande för företaget och att den är tekniskt genomförbar. De finansiella beräkningarna visade att produkten möjligen inte är tillräckligt attraktiv finansiellt. Några av uppsatsens huvudsakliga slutsatser rör skillnader beroende på hur innovativ produkten är. Processens start skiljer sig signifikant, för innovativa produkter börjar den med en idé och för denna forsknings miljö med ett specifikt förslag. Fokus i finansiella frågor skiljer sig också. Överlag kunde slutsatsen att produktutveckling med en Stage-Gate-metod passar för produkter med låg grad av teknisk innovation dras men det krävs förändringar från tidigare forskningTo increase revenues and continue to stay competitive companies develop new products. Newproduct development is a widely researched field and the focus of the research is often on highly innovative products. The original problem for this thesis was to perform research for the development of a product with a low level of technological innovation. The high focus on innovation in previous research combined with the lack of product development processes in the case company led to a new more extensive scope of this thesis than the original problem. This thesis presents a model for development of products with low level of innovation that has been developed and tested.The model was developed by reviewing previous literature on new product development in general and Stage-Gate models for product development in particular. Literature about criteria and best practices in product development was also studied. The literature review was combined with findings from early interviews and resulted in a development model for low innovative products. The model is divided in two parts, the first focused on analysis of the product suggestion and the second focused on developing the actual product. Compared to previous models, the scope of the stages and gates has been more focused and clear.The first part of the model was tested by applying it to the initial case. The test showed that the model is suitable for a product of that type and that the general criteria proposed was reasonable. For the specific case, the model showed that the product was a strategic fit for the company and that it is technically feasible. The financial calculations showed that the product might not financially attractive enough.Some of the main conclusions of the research are regarding differences depending on how innovative the product is. The starting point differs significantly, with an idea for innovative products and a specific suggestion in the setting of this research. The financial focus also differs. Overall it could be concluded that development with a Stage-Gate approach is suitable for products with low level of technological innovation with some changes from previous literature.
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Huang, Tao. "Forecasting retailer product sales at the UPC level using econometric models with promotional information." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.619278.
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Retailers need accurate forecasts for inventory planning. Poor forecasts lead to either out-of-stock or over-stock conditions. If products are regularly out of stock, customers may get frustrated and eventually switch their loyalty to other supermarkets. Retailers also do not want to overstock items because it is costly. To promote the various products in their stores, retailers employ marketing mix activities such as price reductions and promotions. There is an established marketing literature that focuses on identifying and estimating the effects of the marketing mix activities. However, little research effort has been devoted to incorporating the information of the marketing mix activities in forecasting retailer sales at the Universal Product Code (UPC) level. The forecasting models in previous studies only take into account the effects of the marketing mix activities for the focal product. This thesis proposes econometric forecasting methods that also take into account the effects of competitive marketing mix activities. The selection of competitive marketing mix variables becomes important because it is not obvious which UCPs compete against each other. The relationship between the marketing mix activities and the product sales can change permanently. For example, consumer taste towards a particular product may change or we can consider the availability of a new close substitute product. However, traditional econometric models with fixed parameters assume that the relationship is time invariant. As a result, the model may be subject to structural breaks and thus produce biased forecasts. This thesis implements various recently developed techniques to adjust the fixed parameter model with respect to the forecast bias caused by structural breaks, which may potentially improve the forecasting accuracy. The empirical analysis suggests that the inclusion of competitive marketing mix variables offers worthwhile benefits and the adjusted econometric models which take into account structural changes can produce more accurate forecasts than traditional econometric models.
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Bäckström, Johan, and Faraz Kuhpai. "Improving group-level knowledge re-use." Thesis, KTH, Maskinkonstruktion (Inst.), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-146606.
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Due to knowledge being difficult to imitate, effective knowledge management provides several key competitive advantages. It involves managing knowledge within organizations in order to ensure the right knowledge reaching the right person at the right time.Scania CV AB is one of the world’s leading manufacturers of trucks, busses and engines for marine and industry purposes. As part of the work with streamlining processes, knowledge management has become a focus area within their R&D. This master thesis has been carried out at four groups grouped under the section UTP Process support, consisting of a mechanical workshop, logistics, improvement coaches, and logistics and measurement. The purpose was to identify areas with potential for improvement, and present suggestions for improvements, with reusability of knowledge as the main focus.A total of 132 interviews and surveys, and four workshops were conducted in order to gather data, generate improvement proposals and anchor ideas. A literature study was conducted to provide a frame of reference.A four-quadrant model was generated, to make possible the mapping of knowledge work within the involved groups. This aims to provide a general model supporting improvements in knowledge management, by establishing a conceptual frame of reference where ambition and current state can be compared, providing a base for improvements and follow-ups over time.The improvement coach group is at the forefront of the issues addressed in this thesis report, which in this context also poses their primary challenge. Suggestions on how work can keep improving are presented, including further developments of the group's so called skills matrix.For the other groups, freeing up time of experienced employees is recommended in order to transfer knowledge to less experienced colleagues. Furthermore, improving the availability of documents controlling the employees’ work is recommended, as well as ensuring these are fully updated to a larger extent. Lastly, the groups should work on increasing knowledge exchange between them and external parties, such as customers and suppliers.Future recommendations include carrying out a pilot study of the proposed model, in order to improve the model and examine how different business units within product development organizations can benefit from it. A follow-up should be carried out to examine if the recommendations have made a difference.En effektiv kunskapshantering kan ge unika konkurrensfördelar, då kunskap är svår att imitera. Knowledge management inbegriper hantering och ledning av kunskap i organisationer för att säkerställa att rätt kunskap når rätt person vid rätt tillfälle.Scania CV AB är en av världens ledande tillverkare av lastbilar, bussar och motorer för marin och industri. I arbetet att effektivisera processer har kunskapshantering blivit ett fokusområde för R&D. Detta examensarbete har utförts mot fyra grupper under sektionen UTP Process support, med en mekanisk verkstad, logistik, förbättringscoacher samt logistik och mätrum. Syftet var att identifiera områden med förbättringspotential och presentera förslag för fortsatt förbättringsarbete, med återanvändbarhet av kunskap som fokus.Totalt 132 intervjuer och enkäter, och fyra workshopar genomfördes för att samla in data, generera förbättringsförslag och förankra idéer. En litteraturstudie genomfördes för att ge en referensram för studien.För att kartlägga hur kunskapsarbetet fungerade på de olika grupperna, genererades en fyrfältsmodell. Denna syftar till att ge en generell metod för förbättringsarbete kring kunskapshantering, genom att formulera en konceptuell referensram där ambitionsnivå och nuläge kan jämföras, för att ge underlag till förbättringsarbete och uppföljning över tid.Gruppen med förbättringscoacher ligger i framkant i frågorna som examensarbetet behandlar, vilket i detta sammanhang också utgör dess främsta utmaning. Förslag ges på hur arbetet kan fortsätta förbättras, däribland en vidareutveckling av gruppens så kallade kompetensmatris.För de övriga grupperna rekommenderas att frigöra tid för erfarna medarbetare att överföra kunskap till mindre erfarna. Vidare rekommenderas att tillgängligheten av dokument som styr arbetet ses över, och att dessa hålls fullständigt uppdaterade i högre utsträckning. Slutligen bör grupperna arbeta för ökat kunskapsutbyte mellan grupperna och externa parter såsom kund och leverantör.Som framtida arbete rekommenderas en pilotstudie av den framtagna modellen, för att förbättra denna och undersöka hur olika grupper inom produktutvecklingsorganisationer kan dra nytta av den. En uppföljning bör genomföras för att undersöka om implementering av givna rekommendationer har gjort skillnad.
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Yadati, Narasimhulu Supriya. "Influence of Regional-Level Institutional Factors on Firm-Level Innovation in an Emerging Economy - India." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/40613.
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This thesis examines how regional-level factors combined with firm-level factors influence innovation in an emerging economy – India. Past literature has shown that differences in both country contexts and firm-level factors influence innovation. The bulk of this literature tended to focus on developed economies. The handful of studies that have considered contextual differences have studied these at the country-level or within regional blocks such as regions of Europe or Africa. There is a paucity of research, which investigates how differences in state-level factors within a single country combined with firm-level factors influence innovation within firms. Therefore, it is an open question whether the findings derived from developed economies and country-level studies apply equally to emerging economies, particularly at the state level within a single country. Thus, there is a gap in the literature regarding our understanding of the impact of combined state- and firm-level factors on innovation within a single country.
This thesis aims to contribute to a better understanding of how state and firm-level factors drive innovation in India, an emerging economy. India is selected because it is a fast-growing emerging economy that is increasingly being integrated into the globalized world economy and thus understanding how these factors influence innovation in an emerging economy would complement the literature that focuses on developed countries. Moreover, India is a huge country with substantial varieties in resources, capabilities, institutions (both formal and informal institutions) as well as ethnic, religious, and cultural varieties. Contextually, these state-level differences are quite different from regions in the developed world where institutional differences tend to be relatively consistent (less varieties). Thus, the insights generated from this study of the Indian context complement prior research by identifying the state and firm factors that combine to drive firm-level innovation. This study also extends the innovation literature by focussing on state-level differences within a single emerging economy, for which there is limited research.
The findings could also have practical managerial and policy implications. From a policy perspective, policymakers in India can get a deeper understanding of the relevant factors that influence firm-level innovation so that they can direct policy and resources to promote innovation in their respective states. From a managerial perspective, managers can also get a better understanding of strategies and investments they should take to enhance innovation within their firms.
This study is based on data gathered from various sources including the World Bank Enterprise Survey and several sources from within India (Indiastat.com, NCAER State Investment Potential Index, India Innovation Index). The World Bank Enterprise Survey provides firm-level data while state-level data were obtained from the other reputable sources in India. The data were analyzed using logistic regression and multi-level modeling, given that firms are nested within states, thus, we can simultaneously model the micro and macro levels to assess the relevance of the regional context.
The results of this study show that regional factors such as regulatory quality, corruption, and rule of law barriers negatively influence innovation in firms that invest in internal R&D to promote innovation. The results also show that regions that devote a higher proportion of their gross domestic product to innovation achieve higher levels of innovation. Further, regions that have higher levels of human capital stock (more skilled workers) and export technology tend to be more innovative. At the firm level, investments in both internal and external R&D and those that have highly experienced managers are more innovative than their peers.
These results suggest that governments and policymakers can increase innovative activities of firms by providing a highly skilled labor force, invest heavily in R&D, reduce corruption, regulatory quality, and the rule of law barriers. For firm-level managers, this study indicates that higher levels of managerial capability and greater investments in both internal and external R&D can enhance the technical and innovative capabilities (absorptive capacity) of their firms. This may result in a competitive advantage through increased innovation.
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Gallucci, Antonio. "Building a safety case for a small sized product line of Fuel Level Display Systems." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-22373.
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ISO 26262 is an international standard valid for the automotive domain. It regulates all the activities to perform for developing safety critical systems in such domain. To be compliant with ISO 26262, all the required activities have to be performed and all the required work products have to be provided. Furthermore, in addition to develop a system in a safe way, following the safety standard guidelines, the achieved safety has also to be demonstrated. This is done through a safety case, a structured argument showing that a system is acceptably safe. ISO 26262 focuses on single systems and does not contain guidelines for product lines. Product line engineering is a valid approach to systematize reuse, aimed at reducing the effort needed to develop similar systems. But, it loses its strength when dealing with safety critical systems, since it is not aligned with safety standards. Hence, when developing a safety critical product line in the automotive domain, the work products required by ISO 26262 have to be provided every time from scratch, including the safety case, for each single system of the product line. This thesis work focuses on providing an approach for building and modeling a safety case for safety critical product lines in the automotive domain. Furthermore, the considered product line engineering approach is aligned with ISO 26262, through the inclusion of safety activities in the product line development process. Giving in this way, the concrete possibility to overtake to the current limitations, reducing the effort needed to develop and certificate each single system of a safety critical product line. To illustrate the validity of the proposed approach a safety critical product line developed by Scania is used as case study.
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Cheung, Kwok Cheung. "Product and process modelling for science achievement at the Sixth Form level in Hong Kong." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.296347.
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Huang, Yun, and 黄赟. "Game-theoretic coordination and configuration of multi-level supply chains." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B44904411.
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Lancia, Peter L. (Peter Louis) 1968. "A methodology of aligning product development teams with business level goals in a changing business environment." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/50046.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management; and, Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1998.Includes bibliographical references (p. 83).
by Peter L. Lancia.
M.S.
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Postica, Doru. "Self-image congruence and brand preference: analysis by product usage role and level of country development." Master's thesis, [s.n.], 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/4805.
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Dissertação apresentada à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Ciências Empresariais.Past research assumed and successfully proved self-image congruity to have a positive impact on product/brand choice, purchase intentions, and brand preference. The purpose of the research is to study the self-concept dimensions (actual and ideal) and their relation to brand preference. Type of product (conspicuous and inconspicuous) and type of country (Moldova as developing country and Portugal as developed country) were examined in the relationship between actual/ideal self-image congruence and brand preference. Hypotheses were formulated and data were collected through survey method. A preliminary questionnaire was designed to test the instrument’s efficiency and choose the most representative brands. Then, data were collected through student surveys, written in Romanian for Moldova, in Portuguese for Portugal and in English for Erasmus students. The perceptions of 208 respondents about their self-congruity and brand preference were obtained for two types of products: clothes and toothpaste, with two brands being compared for each type. An understanding of self-image congruence impact can give clearer directions in developing better marketing programs. These notions are also crucial in determining the relation between the person’s image and the final purchase behavior. It was found that self-image congruence has a significant impact over brand preference, while actual self-image congruence influencing more the inconspicuous products and ideal self-image congruence – conspicuous ones. Other practical and theoretical implications are also discussed. The work’s originality is in the cross-analysis of products and countries.
Investigações anteriores provaram com êxito o impacto positivo da congruidade da auto-imagem sobre a escolha do produto / marca, intenção de compra e preferência de marca. O objetivo desta pesquisa é estudar as dimensões de auto-conceito (real e ideal) e sua relação com a preferência de marca. O tipo de produto (conspícuos e discreto) e do tipo de país (Moldávia como país em vias de desenvolvimento e Portugal como país desenvolvido) foram examinados na relação entre a congruência entre a auto-imagem real/ideal e a preferência da marca. As hipóteses foram formuladas e os dados foram recolhidos por meio de sondagem. Um questionário preliminar foi elaborado para testar a eficiência do instrumento de recolha e para escolher as marcas mais representativas. Em seguida, os dados foram recolhidos por meio de uma sondagem a estudantes, escrita em romeno para a Moldávia, e em português para Portugal, e em inglês para os estudantes Erasmus. As perceções dos 208 inquiridos sobre a sua auto-congruência e a marca foram obtidas através de dois tipos de produtos: roupa e pasta de dentes, com duas marcas utilizadas respetivamente para cada tipo. Uma compreensão do impacto da congruência da auto-imagem pode dar indicações mais claras no desenvolvimento de melhores programas de marketing. Essas noções são também cruciais para determinar a relação entre a imagem do consumidor e do comportamento de compra final. Verificou-se, assim, que a congruência da auto-imagem tem um impacto significativo sobre a preferência de marca, embora a congruência da auto-imagem real influencie mais os produtos discretos e a congruência da auto-imagem ideal, os produtos conspícuos. Outras implicações práticas e teóricas também são discutidos. A originalidade do trabalho reside na análise cruzada de produtos e países.
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Edlund, Molin Joanna, and Elinore Åsell. "Service Level Classification : How IKEA secures availability of the most important articles." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-155726.
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Purpose - The purpose of this master thesis is to investigate the possibilities to extend or change the base of IKEA’s SL classification and give recommendations concerning potential improvements. Method - This thesis has an inductive research strategy since data has been collected to build theory rather than the other way around (Bryman and Bell, 2007). The data has been collected by qualitative research, mainly through interviews with employees at the different IKEA organisations. Empirics - The empirical data gathered describes the service level in practice at IKEA. In order to get an overview of the conflicting interests in the different functions, the chapter is divided into four themes; how IKEA works with SL, the purpose of SL, customer service and suggestion to the design of the SL classification. Theory - The theory has been based on our empirical findings in order to find the best solution for IKEA. The theory includes different classification models, the relationship between customer service and SL and is finished with a section on how to measure availability. Conclusions - The conclusion that could be drawn was that the purpose of the classification was not perceived in the same way within the company and that both internal and external information is needed. A new model is presented that takes into account the different products, buying situations, and customer reactions on OOS, which are important parameters for consumer perception of availability and customer service. By using this model IKEA will be able to fulfil the two, sometimes conflicting purposes; to secure the sales and increase customer satisfaction.
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Zhan, Pei. "An ontology-based approach for semantic level information exchange and integration in applications for product lifecycle management." Online access for everyone, 2007. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Dissertations/Summer2007/P_Zhan_080607.pdf.
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Lutter, Franz Stephan, Stephan Pfister, Stefan Giljum, Hanspeter Wieland, and Christopher Mutel. "Spatially explicit assessment of water embodied in European trade: A product-level multi-regional input-output analysis." Elsevier, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2016.03.001.
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Responsible water management in an era of globalised supply chains needs to consider both local and regional water balances and international trade. In this paper, we assess the water footprints of total final demand in the EU-27 at a very detailed product level and spatial scale - an important step towards informed water policy. We apply the multi-regional input-output (MRIO) model EXIOBASE, including water data, to track the distribution of water use along product supply chains within and across countries. This enables the first spatially-explicit MRIO analysis of water embodied in Europe's external trade for almost 11,000 watersheds world-wide, tracing indirect ("virtual") water consumption in one country back to those watersheds where the water was actually extracted. We show that the EU-27 indirectly imports large quantities of blue and green water via international trade of products, most notably processed crop products, and these imports far exceed the water used from domestic sources. The Indus, Danube and Mississippi watersheds are the largest individual contributors to the EU-27's final water consumption, which causes large environmental impacts due to water scarcity in both the Indus and Mississippi watersheds. We conclude by sketching out policy options to ensure that sustainable water management within and outside European borders is not compromised by European consumption.
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Javanmardi, Kashan Ali Reza. "Strategic capability development : a multi-level case study of the role of knowledge integration within product innovation." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2014. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/68802/2/Ali_Reza_Javanmardi_Kashan_Thesis.pdf.
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Capability development is at the heart of creating competitive advantage. This thesis intends to conceptualise Strategic Capability Development as a renewal of an organisation's existing capability in line with the requirements of the market. It followed and compared four product innovation projects within Iran Khodro Company (IKCO), an exemplar of capability development within the Iranian Auto industry. Findings show that the maturation of strategic capability at the organisational level has occurred through a sequence of product innovation projects and by dynamically shaping the learning and knowledge integration processes in accordance with emergence of the new structure within the industry. Accordingly, Strategic Capability Development is conceptualised in an interpretive model. Such findings are useful for development of an explanatory model and a practical capability development framework for managing learning and knowledge across different product innovation projects.
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Тєлєтов, Олександр Сергійович, Александр Сергеевич Телетов, and Oleksandr Serhiiovych Tielietov. "Підвищення рівня якості елемента комплексу маркетингу "product" як основа зростання конкурентоспроможності підприємства." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2016. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/46293.
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Сучасні виклики для України, як і більшості країн світу з трансформаційною економікою, пов'язані із загальносвітовою глобалізацією в усіх сферах людської діяльності, розвитком електронних систем комунікацій з одночасною боротьбою за світові ресурси. Країни так званого золотого мільярду йдуть шляхом інноваційного розвитку, колишні країни третього світу — шляхом орієнтації на моносировину або аграрний продукт.
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Alabdulkarim, Abdullah A. "Understanding the effects of different levels of product monitoring on maintenance operations : a simulation approach." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2013. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/8397.
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The move towards integrating products and services has increased significantly. As a result, some business models, such as Product Service Systems (PSS) have been developed. PSS emphasises the sale of use of the product rather than the sale of the product itself. In this case, product ownership lies with the manufacturers/suppliers. Customers will be provided with a capable and available product for their use.
In PSS, manufacturers/suppliers are penalised for any down time of their product according to the PSS contract. This has formed a pressure on the service providers (maintenance teams) to assure the availability of their products in use. This pressure increases as the products are scattered in remote places (customer locations).
Authors have urged that different product monitoring levels are applied to enable service providers to monitor their products remotely allowing maintenance to be performed accordingly. They claim that by adopting these monitoring levels, the product performance will increase. Their claim is based on reasoning, not on experimental/empirical methods. Therefore, further experimental research is required to observe the effect of such monitoring levels on complex maintenance operations systems as a whole which includes e.g. product location, different types of failure, labour and their skills and locations, travel times, spare part inventory, etc.
In the literature, monitoring levels have been classified as Reactive, Diagnostics, and Prognostics. This research aims to better understand and evaluate the complex maintenance operations of a product in use with different levels of product monitoring strategies using a Discrete Event Simulation (DES) approach. A discussion of the suitability of DES over other techniques has been provided. DES has proven its suitability to give a better understanding of the product monitoring levels on the wider maintenance system. The requirements for simulating a complex maintenance operation have been identified and documented. Two approaches are applied to gather these generic requirements. The first is to identify those requirements of modelling complex maintenance operations in a literature review. This is followed by conducting interviews with academics and industrial practitioners to find out more requirements that were not captured in the literature. As a result, a generic conceptual model is assimilated.
A simulation module is built through the Witness software package to represent different product monitoring levels (Reactive, Diagnostics, and Prognostics). These modules are then linked with resources (e.g. labour, tools, and spare parts). To ensure the ease of use and rapid build of such a complex maintenance system through these modules, an Excel interface is developed and named as Product Monitoring Levels Simulation (PMLS).
The developed PMLS tool needed to be demonstrated and tested for tool validation purposes. Three industrial case studies are presented and different experimentations are carried out to better understand the effect of different product monitoring levels on the complex maintenance operations. Face to face validation with case companies is conducted followed by an expert validation workshop.
This work presents a novel Discrete Event Simulation (DES) approach which is developed to support maintenance operations decision makers in selecting the appropriate product monitoring level for their particular operation. This unique approach provides numerical evidence and proved that the higher product monitoring level does not always guarantee higher product availability.
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Mzezewa, Lerato. "Hetrogenous impact of interest rates on retail firm prices : a product-level analysis using micro-data from Lesotho." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/21742.
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Price-setting behaviour plays an important role in the transmission mechanism of monetary policy as pricing decisions of firms in the private sector determine how changes in the official rate affect prices. Several recent studies using micro price data have highlighted the importance of the variation in firm characteristics on pricing decisions. This study investigates whether firms adjust their prices in response to higher interest rates and whether this response differs for firms that have credit. We estimate multinomial logistic regression models using highly disaggregated panel data on monthly product prices of 131 retail outlets in Lesotho over the period 2002-2009. In general, our results suggest that firms are more likely to adjust their prices in response to an interest rate shock. Firms will either revise their prices upwards or downwards compared to keeping their prices constant. This ambiguity occurs when a firm's price is a function of price elasticity of demand and costs. A firm has to balance the need to pass on increased cost of the higher interest cost onto prices against the demand-side sensitivity to price increases. On the contrary, when comparing firms with credit to those without, our findings show that firms with credit are more likely to keep their prices constant than to revise them. Furthermore, the study finds asymmetric results in the direction of the price adjustments. Prices are more likely to increase or decrease in the presence of both a demand and a cost shock, whereas prices are more likely to remain constant in the presence of a cost shock only. No evidence was found that credit owing firms pass the higher cost of credit onto their prices, suggesting that firms with credit finance have access to cheaper financing options than firms without credit.
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Spore, Tyler J. "Effects of dietary energy level and intake of corn by-product based diets on newly received growing cattle." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/36207.
Full textAbstract:
Master of ScienceDepartment of Animal Sciences and Industry
Dale A. Blasi
Four pen studies and one digestibility trial were conducted to evaluate the effects of energy level and intake of corn by-product based diets on newly received growing cattle. In Exp.1 there were four diets where one was offered for ad libitum intake and formulated to supply 0.99 Mcal NEg/kg DM (0.99/100) and the other three treatments were fed at 95, 90, and 85% of the ad libitum treatment and to supply 1.10 (1.10/95), 1.21 (1.21/90), and 1.32 Mcal NEg/kg DM (1.32/85), respectively. ADG was unaffected by treatment (P = 0.32). However, G:F increased linearly with increasing energy and decreasing intake level (P < 0.01). In Exp. 2, a digestibility trial was conducted to study diets from Exp. 1. Ruminal propionate linearly increased with increasing dietary energy and decreasing intake (P < 0.01). Total tract DM digestibility increased linearly with increasing energy and decreasing intake (P < 0.01), whereas passage rate decreased (P < 0.01). Experiment 3 validated results from Exp. 1 feeding the 1.10/95 treatment at 2.40% of BW daily and the 1.32/85 treatment at 2.2% of BW daily and studied a DNA-immunostimulant (Zelnate, Bayer Animal Health, Shawnee Mission, KS). Zelnate had no effect on parameters measured. ADG was not different between energy treatments (P = 0.75), but efficiency was greater for the 1.32/85 treatment (P = 0.03). Experiment 4 was designed to observe effects of the 1.32 Mcal NEg/kg DM diet fed at four intake levels of 1.9, 2.2, 2.5, and 2.8 % of BW daily. ADG increased linearly with increasing intake (P < 0.01), however G:F was not affected (P = 0.98). In Exp. 5 a factorial design was employed to evaluate the effects of two by-products; wet corn gluten feed and wet distiller’s grains plus solubles, and two levels of corn processing; whole corn or dry-rolled corn. Final ADG and G:F were not affected by by-product, corn processing, or their interaction (P > 0.30). Additionally, animals and diets from Exp. 1 were used to study effects on antibody production, acute phase protein response, stress, and immunocompetency of healthy and morbid cattle. Diet had no effect on the parameters measured (P > 0.10). A quadratic response to time (P < 0.01) was detected for haptoglobin, titers for bovine viral diarrhea type 1 (BVD-1), and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR). Haptoglobin was highest on d 14, and close to baseline levels by d 27. Titer levels for BVD-1 and IBR were higher on d 14, and significantly higher on d 27. Titers for bovine viral diarrhea type 2 (BVD- II) responded linearly (P < 0.05) to time with the highest levels on d 27. Haptoglobin was elevated in morbid animals compared to healthy pen mates (P < 0.05). Titer levels for BVD-I and IBR were higher in healthy animals (P < 0.01). Fecal cortisol was higher on arrival than on d 14 (P < 0.05). In summary, high-energy limit-fed diets based on corn by-products do not affect health and are more efficient than when roughage-based growing diets are fed.
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Kang, Keang-Young. "Perceived risk level on purchase decision making within product specific factors : a comparison between apparel retailers and customers /." Thesis, This resource online, 1995. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-03302010-020656/.
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Duan, Yichen. "Conceptualizing Contemporary Chinese Domestic Wine Tourism: From Product-level to Culture-related Values and its Effect on Winery Visitation." Thesis, Griffith University, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/388160.
Full textAbstract:
Wine tourism is the dynamic interaction of the wine, tourism, and hospitality sectors. In China, wine tourism is an emerging phenomenon that has gained popularity in recent years. Predominant studies have focused on Western nations and little information is known about the Chinese market and its wine tourists’ travelling motivations.
This study addresses three research questions (RQ) about (1) the product offering, (2) the tourist experience in this market, and (3) the Chinese culture-related values as motivation—and their impacts on wine tourists’ attitude towards wine tourism. Findings of an exploratory study used 3 phases to answer these questions.
Phase 1: A netnography approach was used to respond to RQ 1 and 2 by combining product-level theory (PLT) and the experience economy model (4Es). Results revealed that, from the supply side, the Chinese wine tourism industry has mainly offered products at core, basic, and expected levels, even though issues and insufficient product offerings do exist at each level. From the demand side, the basic needs of customers can be meet. However, meeting only three levels has limited the potential development of this industry. The core product needed more customer involvement, as well as enrichment of the augmented product, to best position the wine destinations: enhancing educational, entertainment, and escapist experiences would benefit the whole experience and would increase future loyalty. Furthermore, the resulting proposed theoretical framework has identified the status of China’s wine tourism market as situated in the infancy stage.
Phase 2: Semi-structured interviews were undertaken in response to step one in RQ 3. “Xiao-Zi” (小资in Mandarin), or Chinese lifestyle/value, is central to this investigation. The findings show that Xiao-Zi is not just a reflection of existing lifestyles/value, but is a resource and a social-psychological motivation for wine tourists to participate in wine tourism. This study has identified the dimensionality of Xiao-Zi, revealing it to be a manifestation of the individualism that is currently growing in contemporary China—which was historically known for its collectivist nature. The analytic frames of Xiao-Zi motivations in wine tourism build on Brewer and Gardner’s (1996) three-level perspective of self. The levels of identities are concerned with individuals’ experiences. Through a Xiao-Zi lifestyle, consumption has intensified this identity into three levels: personal identity cognition, interpersonal comparison, and group-level appraisal.
Phase 3: Questionnaires founded on the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) were used to respond to step two in RQ 3. The dimensionality of the culture-related values was identified. These are F1-Health and Beauty, F2-Positive Mood, F3-Xiao-Zi Manifestation, F4-Xiao-Zi Feeling, and F5-Face. The positive relationships between these values (F1, F3, F4, and F5) and attitude, and intention towards wine tourism were confirmed. The health and beauty value (F1) remains the most powerful predictor to attitude; attitude was confirmed as the most significant predictor to intention. The moderating effect of gender was also tested. Gender has a moderating effect on attitudes towards wine tourism in relation to Factors 4 and 5. This reflects (1) that Chinese people are becoming old before they have obtained wealth: understandably, health consciousness dominates the main values associated with wine, (2) that China is a masculine society: men crave release from their work tension more than women do, and (3) that the face culture is still the most publicized value when Chinese think of wine, as it is commonly associated with deeper relationships through social interaction.
The study makes several important contributions. (1) It empirically tested the validity of Kotler’s (2016) five-level product theory, which confirmed the framework’s suitability and enriched its content. (2) It extended the application of the experience economy in the context of Chinese wine tourism. China’s unique culture/cultural contexts greatly enriched the theory.
(3) It innovatively integrated the product level theory and the experience economy model and used these to analyse a newly emerged phenomenon, wine tourism in China, which turns out to be highly appropriate. (4) According to the researcher’s best knowledge, this study is the first of its kind to have provided an in-depth understanding of Xiao-Zi, and then to have identified its dimensionality of Xiao-Zi. (5) The study also developed measurement scales for Xiao-Zi, for further quantitative study. (6) The researcher added Xiao-Zi to the wine tourism and to the general tourism contexts, as the relationship between Xiao-Zi and travel has received no empirical attention. (7) Culture-related values have been confirmed as essential factors influencing individual attitudes towards wine tourism. (8) A mixed-method for RQ 3 has provided a comprehensive understanding of the cultural values which has benefitted wine tourism and which, at the same time, has contributed to the existing literature by enriching the picture of Chinese wine tourism.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Dept Tourism, Sport & Hot Mgmt
Griffith Business School
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Gunter, Gabrielle Alyss. "Effect of Lactose Source, Lactose Level, and Type of Emulsifying Salts on the Properties of a Processed Cheese Product." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2016. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1632.
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Previous studies on the use of nonfat dry milk, whey protein concentrate 34 and lactose powders in processed cheeses or cheese analogs found that increasing the percentage of lactose was associated with an increase in browning and crystallization. There has been little work done of the effects of lactose in processed cheese functionality. Therefore, the objective of this research is to build on and understand the effects of lactose from by three commercially produced dairy powders (nonfat dry milk (NFDM), whey protein concentrate 34 (WPC), lactose) and two different emulsifying salts on properties of processed cheese. Processed cheeses were made using either trisodium citrate or disodium phosphate dihydrate emulsifiers and standardized to lactose levels of 4 or 8 percent by weight. Processed cheeses were made with natural cheese aged at 4oC for 30, 60, 90, and 120 days of age. For each age of natural cheese, processed cheeses were made in triplicates for each treatment. A small batch (5 lb) Stephan single blade cooker in a pilot plant setting was used to conduct the experiments. The cheeses were tested within a week of manufacture for moisture by microwave method, pH, melt by Arnott melt test, hardness and cohesiveness by texture profile analysis, and browning by ImageJ software. The pH of the cheeses showed that there was a significant difference (
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Mohammadi, Behnaz. "Empowerment climate, supervisory support for creativity and work role performance in new product development settings: A team level investigation." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2016. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/94094/1/Behnaz_Mohammadi_Thesis.pdf.
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This thesis is an examination of how organisational context variables affect the performance of new product development (NPD) teams. Specifically, the extent to how team empowerment climate and supervisory support for creativity impact NPD team performance. Moreover, this thesis is a step forward in the ongoing development of work role performance theory by examining Griffin et al.'s (2007) work role performance model in the context of NPD teams. This thesis addresses the lack of research exploring work role performance dimensions in NPD teams and the extent to which a team empowerment climate and supervisory support for creativity impact NPDs performance.
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Spahi, Sami. "OPTIMIZING THE LEVEL OF CUSTOMIZATION FOR PRODUCTS IN MASS CUSTOMIZATION SYSTEMS." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2008. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/4137.
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Mass customization (MC) was developed to capitalize on the combined benefits of economies of scale and economies of scope. Balancing the tradeoffs involved in an MC system warrants the determination of the degree or the extent of customization. Most of the literature views the degree of customization as how early or how far the customer is integrated in the production cycle, which is defined as the order decoupling point. In this study we are addressing the degree of customization from a product structural perspective. There are two objectives in this research. The first is to develop a unit of measurement for the degree of customization of a product in an MC system. The second is to construct an optimization model to determine the level of customization that would best satisfy the organizational goals. The term "Magnitude of Customization" (MOC) has been introduced as a measuring unit for the degree of customization on a customization scale (CS). The MOC is based on the number of module options or the extent of customizable features per component in a product. To satisfy the second objective, an analytical model based on preemptive goal programming was developed. The model optimizes the solution as to how far an organization should customize a product to best satisfy its strategic goals. The model considers goals such as increasing the market share, and attaining a higher level of customer satisfaction, while keeping the risk or budget below a certain amount. A step-by-step algorithm is developed for the model application. A case study of an aluminum windows and doors company is used to verify and validate the model. A double panel sliding window is selected as the subject of our study. Information related to company goals and objectives vis-à-vis customization is gathered, through interviews and questionnaires, from the upper management including Operations, Marketing, and Finance Departments. The Window design and technical information are collected from the Manufacturing Department. The model and its solution provided specific recommendations on what to customize and to what degree to best satisfy primary strategic goals for the organization. Results from the model application shows that the company is able to meet the five goals that they had identified with two goals having a deviation of 4.7% and 6.6% from the targets. To achieve the stated goals, the model recommends an overall degree of customization of approximately 32.23% and delineates that to the component and feature levels. For validation, the model results are compared to the actual status of the company and the manufacturer's recommendation without prior information about the model outcome. The average difference, for attaining the same goals, is found to be 6.05%, at a standard deviation of 6.02% and variance of 36.29%, which is considered adequately close. The proposed model presents a framework that combines various research efforts into a flexible but encompassing method that can provide decision-makers with essential production planning guidelines in an MC setup. Finally, suggestions are provided as to how the model can be expanded and refined to include goal formulations that accommodate potential MC systems and technology advances. To the best of our knowledge, this research is a pioneer in quantifying customization in an MC environment and relating it to the organizational goals through modeling and optimization.Ph.D.
Department of Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
Engineering and Computer Science
Industrial Engineering PhD
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VASHISHTHA, PRASHANT. "TO REDUCE THE REJECTION LEVEL OF THE PRODUCTS CHASSIS 260L BY USING SIX SIGMA." Thesis, 2016. http://dspace.dtu.ac.in:8080/jspui/handle/repository/14434.
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Certain deficiencies occurs in production if quality doesn’t follow the standards
absolutely.Theses deviations are fully responsible for the worse quality.Six Sigma is the well
established philosophy to control theses deviations.Six sigma is an enhancement to quality.Six
Sigma is the philosophy that has a standard path to be followed.
I n the present work advantages of Six Sigma has been rediscovered. Six Sigma has
been used to improve the quality of the product Chassis 260 L.All the five phases of this
philosophy have been used to the present problem. A systematic approach has been applied to
solve this problem.Finally by the application of Six Sigma the rejection due to crack has been
reduced to a great extent and therefore profitability for the present product has also been
increased. Therefore a discussion is also made after getting the desired results which proves Six
Sigma as one of the most competitive philosophy for the manufacturing industries.
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Liao, Yen-Yi, and 廖彥宜. "Selection, Rejection, and Construal Level on the Attraction Effect." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/07607783196552911624.
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博士國立臺灣大學
商學研究所
104
The attraction effect refers to a situation in which adding an inferior alternative to a choice set increases the share of the relatively dominating alternative. This re-search posits that decision task type affect the attraction effect. People usually seek justification for their decisions. In a selection (or rejection) task, they are more likely to emphasize the positive (or negative) features of each option. The addition of an asymmetrically dominated decoy to a binary set of options undoubtedly provides an extra positive feature for the dominant option, and therefore induces a greater attrac-tion effect. Contrarily, in a rejection task condition, the decoy in the trinary set seems to be the worst option and would be eliminated first, and the remaining comparison is identical with the original binary condition. Therefore, the attraction effect may de-crease. Besides, the decision task type interacts with the construal level to affect the attraction effect. Specifically, a low construal level, compared with a high construal level, dampens the attraction effect to a greater extent in a rejection task than in a se-lection task. Results from three experiments support the proposed hypotheses.
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Wang, Ting-Kuang, and 王挺光. "A Package-level Power Plane with Ultra-wide band Ground Bounce Noise Rejection." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/62919600743374771861.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中山大學
電機工程學系研究所
93
Transient current surges resulted from the simultaneous switching of output buffers in the high-speed digital circuits can induce significant ground bounce noise (GBN) on the chip, package, and printed circuit board (PCB). The GBN not only causes the signal integrity (SI) problems, such as glitches or timing push-out of signal traces, but also increases the electromagnetic interference (EMI) in the high-speed digital circuits. With the design trends of digital circuits toward higher speed, low voltage level, smaller volume, the impact of GBN has become one of the most important issues that determine the performance of electronic products. Adding decoupling capacitors between the power and ground planes is a typical way to suppress the GBN. However, they are not effective at the frequencies higher than 600MHz due to their inherent lead inductance. Recently, a new idea for eliminating the GBN is proposed by designing electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) structure with high impedance surface (HIS) on the ground or power plane. Several new EBG power/ground plane designs have been proposed to broaden the stopband bandwidth for suppressing the GBN. However there are some drawbacks, such as high cost, large area occupation and complicated fabrication process. In this paper, we propose a novel Hybrid EBG power planes for PCB or package to suppress the GBN. Its extinctive behavior of broadband suppression of GBN (over 10GHz) is demonstrated experientially and numerically. Finally, we combine the periodic high-low dielectric material with the EBG power plane to control the position and bandwidth of stopband.
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Huang, Chin-Bin, and 黃俊斌. "The Impact of Product-Level and Brand-Level Information on Brand Preference." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/32390477217793265262.
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碩士國立臺灣科技大學
企業管理系
92
Brand preference may not only be influenced by tangible utilitarian information, but also invisible hedonic information（product-level information）or even brand-level information（brand trust and brand-affect information）. Our researches consider that consumers have their prior preference and attempt to categorize information as product-level and brand-level information, to examine which information is most important for consumers in their compare-based task. Furthermore, this research combines the positive and negative condition to make our research more general. Previous researches focused on studies of tangible attribute. This research suggested that utilitarian information is truly more important than hedonic information for consumers’ final preference in terms of product-level information in the competitive market. For brand-level information, brand-trust information is also more important than brand-affect information for consumers’ final preference. However, consumers would not reverse their preference under any negative situation when they have prior preference. Further, we have also compared the different between product-level and brand-level information to find out whether brand-level information is always more advantageous in the market. We have also analyzed the positive and negative effects on the basis of prior preference and all information effects on other brand-related variables（including brand attribute beliefs and brand attitudes）. Through the results of two experiments, this research hopes to provide some insights for both academic field and real business world.