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Academic literature on the topic 'Rejection Level Of The Product'

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Published: 11 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Rejection Level Of The Product"

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Kairulazam, Che Ku Abdullah Che Ku, M. I. Hussain, Zuraidah Mohd Zain, and Nabilah A. Lutpi. "Reduction of Rejection Rate for High Gloss Plastics Product Using Six Sigma Method." Applied Mechanics and Materials 606 (August 2014): 141–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.606.141.

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High gloss plastics part in injection molding industries were widely used in Malaysia. However the high rejection rate in this industries were major problem affecting the economic aspects. Therefore this paper presents an approach of implementing six sigma method to reduce the rejection rate in a plastic injection molding process for high gloss plastics part. Define, Measure, Analyze Improve and Control (DMAIC) methodology was applied as basis of the study. By using current process, the average of rejection is 40.6% and the aim of this study is to reduce the rejection rate to less than 10 % . All potential factors were taken into account to identify the significant factors. The improvement process was made base on the analysis output. This study was successful with increment in sigma level from 1.74 σ to 3.00 σ. .
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Tackett, Jason L., David M. Winker, Brian J. Getzewich, Mark A. Vaughan, Stuart A. Young, and Jayanta Kar. "CALIPSO lidar level 3 aerosol profile product: version 3 algorithm design." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 11, no. 7 (July 17, 2018): 4129–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-4129-2018.

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Abstract. The CALIPSO (Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations) level 3 aerosol profile product reports globally gridded, quality-screened, monthly mean aerosol extinction profiles retrieved by CALIOP (the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization). This paper describes the quality screening and averaging methods used to generate the version 3 product. The fundamental input data are CALIOP level 2 aerosol extinction profiles and layer classification information (aerosol, cloud, and clear-air). Prior to aggregation, the extinction profiles are quality-screened by a series of filters to reduce the impact of layer detection errors, layer classification errors, extinction retrieval errors, and biases due to an intermittent signal anomaly at the surface. The relative influence of these filters are compared in terms of sample rejection frequency, mean extinction, and mean aerosol optical depth (AOD). The “extinction QC flag” filter is the most influential in preventing high-biases in level 3 mean extinction, while the “misclassified cirrus fringe” filter is most aggressive at rejecting cirrus misclassified as aerosol. The impact of quality screening on monthly mean aerosol extinction is investigated globally and regionally. After applying quality filters, the level 3 algorithm calculates monthly mean AOD by vertically integrating the monthly mean quality-screened aerosol extinction profile. Calculating monthly mean AOD by integrating the monthly mean extinction profile prevents a low bias that would result from alternately integrating the set of extinction profiles first and then averaging the resultant AOD values together. Ultimately, the quality filters reduce level 3 mean AOD by −24 and −31 % for global ocean and global land, respectively, indicating the importance of quality screening.
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Faiza, Siti Nur. "Penolakan Sertifikasi Label Halal MUI Surabaya pada Produk “Mie Setan” Perspektif Hukum Islam dan Undang-Undang No 33 Tahun 2014." Maliyah : Jurnal Hukum Bisnis Islam 11, no. 2 (December 11, 2021): 260–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.15642/maliyah.2021.11.2.104-125.

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This study discusses the rejection of the halal label certification on devil noodle products in the perspective of Islamic law and Law no. 33 of 2014. The results of the study concluded that the rejection of the halal label certification application based on SK46/Dir/LPPOM MUI/XII/14 and MUI Fatwa Number 4 of 2003 concerning Standardization of Halal Fatwas because the name of Satan is identic with the name of the enemy of Allah and it is feared that it can distance from remembering Allah and can be categorized as 'urf fasid (bad costome) that must be abandoned. Then, regarding the product name in Law no. 33 of 2014 is not an object that will be examined by halal auditors, but regarding the name and type of product, it is an initial file at the stage of submitting an application, then in article 33 of Law no. 33 of 2014 explains that the determination of product halalness is carried out by MUI in the MUI halal fatwa trial. In line with the conclusion above, the owner of the Surabaya devil noodle product must follow the procedure of LP POM MUI JATIM, namely changing the name of the devil with a good name, then for consumers who consume devil noodle, it is expected that the spicy level is adjusted to the body's ability and not excessive, and for LP POM MUI JATIM to be careful in accepting or rejecting the submission of MUI halal label certification, so that no party feels aggrieved or disappointed.
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Ardoin, Ryan, Ross Romero, Brian Marx, and Witoon Prinyawiwatkul. "Exploring New and Modified Rejection-Type Thresholds Using Cricket Snack Crackers." Foods 9, no. 10 (September 24, 2020): 1352. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9101352.

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Recently, sensory threshold concepts have been expanded to include affective perceptions of foods and beverages, especially measures of product rejection; however, each threshold interpretation depends largely on the methodology employed. By substituting cricket powder for whole-wheat flour in snack crackers (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%), we proposed modifications to two existing threshold methodologies: a modified consumer rejection threshold (M-CRT) using a 2-alternative choice (2-AC) preference test with “no preference” option; and a modified hedonic rejection threshold (M-HRT) based on less-than-neutral hedonic scores according to a one-sample t-test. We also proposed two new concepts: a rejection tolerance threshold (RTT) and an associated rejection range (RR), based on a binomial acceptability question and a probit regression model. These new methods provide more realistic interpretations of rejection-type thresholds based on user-defined allowable rejection levels, or “rejection tolerance” (for RTT), and a model-derived stimulus range (RR) to capture the rejection level of interest while providing flexibility for product formulation. All thresholds were investigated separately for color, flavor, texture and overall perception, elucidating differential sensorial effects of our novel ingredient on the food matrix. We suggest that conducting all demonstrated techniques in a single testing session gives a more expansive view of rejection thresholds while requiring minimal additional resources.
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Nurkhasanah, Anissa Aprilia, Suadi Suadi, and Indun Dewi Puspita. "The Root Causes Analysis of Indonesia's Fishery Products Rejection in the United States of America and European Countries during 2010 – 2020." Industria: Jurnal Teknologi dan Manajemen Agroindustri 11, no. 2 (December 31, 2022): 165–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.industria.2022.011.02.7.

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bstract This study aimed to determine the number of cases, causes, and main rejection factors of Indonesia's fishery products by the USA and European markets. Data were obtained from the websites of USFDA (USA) and RASFF (Europe) from 2010 to 2020. Pareto analysis and fishbone diagram were used for analyzing data that informants validated from selected exporters and experts. Within the observed period, there were 2,318 cases of rejection in the USA and 79 in Europe. The highest case was in 2011 in the USA and 2012 in European markets. Based on Pareto analysis of rejection cases, the main factors that accounted for more than 80% of rejections in the USA were filthy and Salmonella; meanwhile, in Europe, were mercury, poor temperature control, Salmonella, histamine, and cadmium. The fishbone diagram result with validation from fishery product exporter shows that human factor, such as the lack of coordination and communication between business actors, especially at the supplier level when selecting raw materials, was considered the cause of rejection (filthy). Establishing well-managed cooperation among business actors within an integrated fish supply chain management is essential to ensure the quality of fishery products. Keywords: Europe, fishery product, rejection, root causes, United States of America Abstrak Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui jumlah kasus, penyebab dan faktor utama penyebab penolakan produk perikanan Indonesia di Pasar Eropa dan Amerika. Data diperoleh dari website USFDA (Amerika) dan RASFF (Eropa) dalam kurung waktu 2010 – 2020. Analisis data yang digunakan yaitu analisis pareto dan diagram tulang ikan, yang divalidasi oleh informan dari eksportir terpilih dan ahli. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penolakan produk ekspor perikanan Indonesia di pasar Amerika berjumlah 2.318 kasus dan 79 kasus di Eropa dalam kurun waktu penelitian. Penolakan tertinggi terjadi pada tahun 2011 di pasar Amerika dan pada tahun 2012 di Eropa. Hasil analisis data dengan diagram pareto menunjukkan bahwa produk kotor dan Salmonella menyumbang 80% penolakan produk perikanan di Amerika, sedangkan mercury, pengendalian suhu yang tidak bagus, Salmonella, histamine, dan cadmium di pasar Eropa. Hasil analisis diagram tulang ikan dan validasi dengan eksportir menunjukkan bahwa penyebab penolakan untuk pasar Amerika Serikat (yaitu produk kotor) adalah faktor manusia, seperti kurang koordinasi dan komunikasi antar pelaku usaha, khususnya di tingkat supplier. Kerjasama antar pelaku usaha dalam pengelolaan rantai pasok ikan terintegrasi dapat menjamin kualitas produk perikanan yang sesuai standar yang dipersyaratkan. Kata kunci: akar masalah, Amerika Serikat, Eropa, penolakan, produk perikanan
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Pervov, Alexei, and Dmitry Spitsov. "Control of the Ionic Composition of Nanofiltration Membrane Permeate to Improve Product Water Quality in Drinking Water Supply Applications." Water 15, no. 16 (August 18, 2023): 2970. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15162970.

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Reverse osmosis is efficiently used for producing drinking water from groundwater sources containing dissolved impurities, including fluoride, ammonia, lithium, strontium, boron, arsenic, etc. The principal problems of utilizing reverse osmosis include scaling on membrane surfaces, concentrate discharges, and low permeate TDS that often require conditioning. The main goal of this work was to demonstrate the viability of a newly developed methodology that relies on low-rejection nanofiltration membranes to improve product water quality by increasing its TDS and calcium content, and its economic efficiency compared to conventionally used reverse osmosis. Disadvantages of employing reverse osmosis for the production of drinking water are attributed to the fact that several pollutants (including lithium, ammonia, and boron) are monovalent ions and, as such, are poorly rejected by membranes as compared to calcium, sodium, sulfate, and chloride ions. Thus, in cases in which lithium or ammonia are present in high concentrations, high rejection membranes are usually used that result in low TDS of the product water. This article presents the results of research aimed at developing a new approach to changing the ratio of monovalent and divalent ions in product water. The new method described in this paper relies on low rejection membranes in a two-stage application that enables us to reduce monovalent impurities and increase the concentration of calcium and TDS values in product water while leaving lithium concentration unchanged. This is achieved by applying a two-stage scheme with low-rejection membranes instead of the reverse osmosis stage. The two-stage treatment using nanofiltration membranes results in the same rejection of lithium and product water quality as reverse osmosis. However, the ratio value of calcium and lithium concentrations in the concentrate of nanofiltration membranes appears to be significantly higher compared with the ratio measured in the feed groundwater. This can be attributed to different rejections of these ions by membranes. Therefore, concentration (reduction of volume) of the feed water with nanofiltration membranes and further dilution of the concentrate with deionized water produce the same concentration of lithium and are associated with an increase of 2–4 times the concentration of calcium. Treatment of this water in the second nanofiltration membrane stage produces drinking-quality water with the required lithium content and increased calcium concentration. We focus on the real-world example of groundwater treatment in Yakutia, Russia, an area where lithium concentration exceeds drinking standards by 24 times. The paper presents a technique of ion separation and demonstrates experimental results that provide lithium removal while increasing the calcium concentration and TDS value. The resulting concentrations are 2–5 times lower than those obtained via conventional use of reverse osmosis membranes. A series of experiments were conducted to remove lithium from groundwater and demonstrate the efficiency of the newly developed method of ion separation. Experimental results of the concentration of obtained values of lithium, calcium, and TDS in permeate and concentrate flows at each membrane stage demonstrate that they provide separation of monovalent and divalent ions and increase product water TDS without increasing lithium. This experimental approach increases calcium and TDS values in product water by 2–4 times compared with the use of reverse osmosis membranes. Calculations of operational costs for different options (the use of reverse osmosis, two-stage nanofiltration, and ion separation in a two-stage approach) are presented. These results confirm the economic advantage of nanofiltration membrane applications to remove lithium as compared to the use of high-rejection reverse osmosis membranes. The increase in product water TDS facilitates the further reduction of concentrate flow rate and operational costs. The economic comparison involved the calculation of the required membrane area and number of membrane elements at each stage, calcium carbonate scaling rates, reagent consumption to prevent scaling, and amounts of concentrate discharged into the sewer. Experimentally obtained results confirmed the feasibility of increasing the calcium concentration and TDS values in product water by 2–5 times while leaving the lithium concentration at the same level. Design characteristics to calculate operational costs for conventional and new options are calculated and demonstrate a sufficient (30–40%) reduction of operational costs compared to conventional use of reverse osmosis. The reduction in reagent consumption is attributed to the utilization of low-rejection nanofiltration membranes that have lower scaling propensities compared with reverse osmosis membranes and a smaller payment for concentrate discharge. The developed approach to using two-stage nanofiltration instead of single-stage reverse osmosis provides multiple advantages that include improved product water quality, lower concentrate consumption, and lower reagent consumption that are attributable to the use of low-rejection membranes. Different case studies are planned to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed techniques to reduce ammonia, fluoride, and boron in drinking water.
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Dushkova, Mariya, Mihaela Ivanova, Luca Trublet, Zhana Petkova, Olga Teneva, Milena Miteva-Petrova, Ivelina Desseva, and Dasha Mihaylova. "Flux Behaviour, Rejection and Concentration Factors, and Energy Demand during Ultrafiltration of Sweet Buttermilk." Applied Sciences 13, no. 6 (March 16, 2023): 3804. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13063804.

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This work aimed to study the flux behavior, rejection and concentration factors, and energy demand to establish the optimal conditions during ultrafiltration of sweet buttermilk to produce ice cream. The experiments were conducted with a UF25-PAN membrane at a transmembrane pressure of 0.2, 0.35 and 0.5 MPa, and a volume reduction ratio (VRR) of 2, 3, 4, and 5. Total protein, fat, ash, and dry matter contents, phospholipid composition, and acidity of retentates and permeate were determined. The increase in the VRR led to a decrease in the permeate flux and an increase in the energy demand, rejection, and concentration factors of the main components of sweet buttermilk. The highest values of rejection and concentration factors established for fat were 98.65% and 4.93, respectively. The permeate flux and energy demand increased with the rise in the transmembrane pressure. The total phospholipids increased 2.8 times at VRR 5 compared to the initial buttermilk. The use of VRR 3 gave the best ratio between the permeate flux, the energy demand, and relatively high values of concentration and rejection factors. The use of VRR 5 will enrich the ice cream to the greatest extent to obtain a product with the highest level of biologically active substances (proteins, phospholipids, minerals).
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Nawi, Ismail, Waluyo Adi Siswanto, and Al Emran Ismail. "A Study of Auto Pour in Sand Casting Process." Applied Mechanics and Materials 660 (October 2014): 74–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.660.74.

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Metal casting is a process of metallurgical forming by liquidize of material up to certain high temperature to achieve perfect chemical reaction and high level quality products. Auto pour means pouring the metal liquid into the mould not by manual operation but more than automatically done by a set of machine without any human intervention. This paper aims to describe the process of automation for brake drums where several parameters are compare with manual process. The standard time, cycle time, rejection rate, dimension, chemical composition and product quality have been analyzed. The results shows that the standard time reduce to 40%, rejection rate less 5%, tensile strength 3% higher because of better pouring process. The other parameters are the same for both manual or automatic pouring process. The conclusion of this research is that the auto pour provides better results in term of productivity and quality.
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Nallusamy, S., S. Seenuvasa Rajan, S. Sundar, and Gautam Majumdar. "Study on Enhancement of Quality Level through a Lean Approach in an Original Equipment Manufacturer." International Journal of Engineering Research in Africa 43 (June 2019): 145–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jera.43.145.

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In the present condition, customer demand has increased gradually due to technological development and globalisation in this world. So this made the industrialist to deliver the products at right quantity at right place at right time with shorter lead time. But due to high rejection rate the industries fails to meet the customer demand which in turn reduces the customer satisfaction. Hence, this research an attempt was made to reduce the defects of casting components in an original equipment manufacturer. The study was carried out in a foundry of brake drum manufacturing industry. The problem was inside that the industry could not meet the customer demand due to high rejection rate and the major contributor for high rejection is found to be sand drop. Hence, proposed solutions have been implemented to achieve the objectives. After implementation of proper lean tools it was observed from the results that, the rejection rate was reduced by about 4% and the quality level was increased by about 4.4%.
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Rabbani, Masoud, Sara Motevali Haghighi, Hamed Farrokhi-Asl, and Neda Manavizadeh. "Capacity coordination in hybrid make-to-stock/make-to-order contexts using an enhanced multi-stage model." Brazilian Journal of Operations & Production Management 14, no. 3 (September 6, 2017): 396. http://dx.doi.org/10.14488/bjopm.2017.v14.n3.a13.

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One of the most attracting production systems that has recently been vastly explored by practitioners and academicians is hybrid make-to-stock/make-to-order. Having a hierarchical production planning structure considered, this paper develops a multi-stage model to cope with the operational decisions, including order acceptance/rejection, product lot sizing, overtime capacity planning, outsourcing, and due date setting. Moreover, the proposed framework also comprises providing alternative products for the coming orders in order to enhance service level of the firm to the customers. In order to validate the presented framework, it is applied in a real industrial case study and the obtained results approve validity of the proposed framework.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Rejection Level Of The Product"

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Hannila, H. (Hannu). "Towards data-driven decision-making in product portfolio management:from company-level to product-level analysis." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2019. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526224428.

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Abstract Products and services are critical for companies as they create the foundation for companies’ financial success. Twenty per cent of company products typically account for some eighty per cent of sales volume. Nevertheless, the product portfolio decisions — how to strategically renew company product offering — tend to involve emotions, pet products and who-shout-the-loudest mentality while facts, numbers, and quantitative analyses are missing. Profitability is currently measured and reported at a company level, and firms seem unable to measure product-level profitability in a constant way. Consequently, companies are unable to maintain and renew their product portfolio in a strategically or commercially balanced way. The main objective of this study is to provide a data-driven product portfolio management (PPM) concept, which recognises and visualises in real-time and based on facts which company products are concurrently strategic and profitable, and what is the share of them in the product portfolio. This dissertation is a qualitative study to understand the topical area by the means combining literature review, company interviews, observations, and company internal material, to take steps towards data-driven decision-making in PPM. This study indicates that company data assets need to be combined and governed company-widely to realise the full potential of company strategic assets — the DATA. Data must be governed separately from business IT technology and beyond it. Beyond data and technology, the data-driven company culture must be adopted first. The data-driven PPM concept connects key business processes, business IT systems and several concepts, such as productization, product lifecycle management and PPM. The managerial implications include, that the shared understanding of the company products is needed, and the commercial and technical product structures are created accordingly, as they form the backbone of the company business as the skeleton to gather all product-related business-critical information for product-level profitability analysis. Also, product classification for strategic, supportive and non-strategic is needed, since the strategic nature of the product can change during the entire product lifecycle, e.g. due to the technology obsolescence, disruptive innovations by competitors, or for any other reason
Tiivistelmä Tuotteet ja palvelut ovat yrityksille kriittisiä, sillä ne luovat perustan yritysten taloudelliselle menestykselle. Kaksikymmentä prosenttia yrityksen tuotteista edustaa tyypillisesti noin kahdeksaakymmentä prosenttia myyntimääristä. Siitä huolimatta tuoteporfoliopäätöksiin — kuinka strategisesti uudistetaan yrityksen tuotetarjoomaa — liittyy tunteita, lemmikkituotteita ja kuka-huutaa-kovimmin -mentaliteettia faktojen, numeroiden ja kvantitatiivisten analyysien puuttuessa. Kannattavuutta mitataan ja raportoidaan tällä hetkellä yritystasolla, ja yritykset eivät näyttäisi pystyvän mittaamaan tuotetason kannattavuutta johdonmukaisesti. Tämä estää yrityksiä ylläpitämästä ja uudistamasta tuotevalikoimaansa strategisesti tai kaupallisesti tasapainoisella tavalla. Tämän tutkimuksen päätavoite on tarjota dataohjattu (data-driven) tuoteportfoliohallinnan konsepti, joka tunnistaa ja visualisoi reaaliajassa ja faktapohjaisesti, mitkä yrityksen tuotteet ovat samanaikaisesti strategisia ja kannattavia ja mikä on niiden osuus tuoteportfoliossa. Tämä väitöskirja on laadullinen tutkimus, jossa yhdistyy kirjallisuuskatsaus, yrityshaastattelut, havainnot ja yritysten sisäinen dokumentaatio, joiden pohjalta pyritään kohti dataohjautuvaa päätöksentekoa tuoteportfolion hallinnassa. Tämä tutkimus osoittaa, että yrityksen data assettit on yhdistettävä ja hallittava yrityksenlaajuisesti, jotta yrityksen strategisten assettien — DATAN — potentiaali voidaan hyödyntää kokonaisuudessaan. Data on hallittava erillään yrityksen IT-teknologiasta ja sen yläpuolella. Ennen dataa ja teknologiaa on omaksuttava dataohjattu yrityskulttuuri. Dataohjatun tuoteportfolionhallinnan konsepti yhdistää keskeiset liiketoimintaprosessit, liiketoiminnan IT-järjestelmät ja useita konsepteja, kuten tuotteistaminen, tuotteen elinkaaren hallinta ja tuoteportfolion hallinta. Yhteisymmärrys yrityksen tuotteista ja sekä kaupallisen että teknisen tuoterakenteet luominen vastaavasti on ennakkoedellytys dataohjatulle tuoteportfolion hallinnalle, koska ne muodostavat yrityksen liiketoiminnan selkärangan, joka yhdistää kaikki tuotteisiin liittyvät liiketoimintakriittiset tiedot tuotetason kannattavuuden analysoimiseksi. Lisäksi tarvitaan tuotteiden kategorisointi strategisiin, tukeviin ja ei-strategisiin tuotteisiin, koska tuotteen strateginen luonne voi muuttua tuotteen elinkaaren aikana, johtuen esimerkiksi teknologian vanhenemisesta, kilpailijoiden häiritsevistä innovaatioista tai mistä tahansa muusta syystä
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Hura, Charles M. (Charles Michael) 1961. "System level variation analysis of product development." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/91737.

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Green, Kimberly M. "Learning and knowledge management in corporate entrepreneurship portfolio-level and product-level determinants of launch in continuous new product development /." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2007. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3277980.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Kelley School of Business, 2007.
Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 68-09, Section: A, page: 3947. Adviser: Jeffrey G. Covin. Title from dissertation home page (viewed May 5, 2008).
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Lester, Ryan John. "Product-level bill of material development process : managing complexity." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/49784.

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Thesis (M.B.A.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management; and, (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division; in conjunction with the Leaders for Manufacturing Program at MIT, 2009.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 77).
Cisco's current process for developing and maintaining product-level bills of materials (BOMs) has resulted in inconsistencies in BOM structure leading to product launch delays, increased product support costs, and lower customer satisfaction. Furthermore the complexity of having a large number of different, in effect customized, product solutions for its customers makes it difficult for Cisco's supply chain operations group to drive standardized methods across the over 50 business units. For Cisco's supply chain to operate most efficiently, all Cisco Business Units (BUs) must accurately structure and manage their product-level BOMs. The purpose of this thesis research is to document the as-is BOM structuring and management process, assess the issues inherent with the process today, and develop a new process that will drive standardization across the company and address the inconsistencies in BOM structure that are seen in Cisco today. The thesis work will be divided into three major sections; measure, analyze and improve. First, we will examine four business units (BUs) within Cisco Systems, Inc., which represent the varying complexities of their overall business segments. These example BUs will be studied to look at the impact of the current non-standardized process for developing the product-level BOM structure. Secondly, we will analyze this current process and show its impact on the overall enterprise, focusing on the key stakeholders involved with BOM development.
(cont.) Finally, with these research findings, we will develop a new product-level BOM development methodology. This new methodology will be a criteria-based approach utilizing workflows to organize the process. The new process developed will become the foundation for continuous improvement in BOM development at Cisco Systems, Inc.
by Ryan John Lester.
S.M.
M.B.A.
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Black, James William. "Product-level Bill of Material Development Methodology : process implementation." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/59153.

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Thesis (M.B.A.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management; and, (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division; in conjunction with the Leaders for Global Operations Program at MIT, 2010.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 49).
Cisco Systems maintains its leading position in the IP network equipment market through continual innovation and release of new products. In order to manage these new product introductions, the Product Operations group enables the development engine by standardizing and refining operations processes. The Bill of Materials Development Methodology (BOM DM) is a new process created to reduce BOM structuring errors and lead to an improved fulfillment experience for Cisco customers. In keeping with the Six Sigma philosophy, the BOM DM implementation team used the Define-Measure-Analyze-Implement-Control (DMAIC) approach to manage this process but struggled to find the supporting data to appropriately measure critical process parameters or quantify the impact of the solution. After re-evaluation, the approach was modified to maintain the Six Sigma mindset but abandon much of the rigor of DMAIC such that the implementation could be completed within the required timeframe and available resources. This required a new process improvement strategy that would educate the New Product Introduction (NPI) teams on the downstream consequences of their actions so that they would buy in to the need for a standardized best practice. The BOM DM was incorporated into the product development standards and each functional group was given the option to adopt. Six months later the project was reviewed to understand its effect on the company. This thesis serves as a case study of the issues faced on many DMAIC implementations in the real world that experience less than perfect execution. Though sacrificing the confidence that is supported by statistically significant measurement and analysis, the revised approach utilized for the BOM DM implementation leveraged two of Cisco's prized endowments: speed and a creative entrepreneurial spirit. The goal of this thesis is to uncover the tradeoffs of such a compromise and empower managers to decide how best to engage in future process improvements.
by James William Black.
S.M.
M.B.A.
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Jin, Yanya. "Development of materials criticality profiling methodology at product level." Thesis, Troyes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TROY0004/document.

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Les impacts causés par la crise des terres rares en 2010 mettent en évidence l’importance des matériaux et ont conduit en un intérêt accru dans la recherche sur leur criticité. Cette thèse s’ouvre par un état de l’art qui présente et évalue les travaux existants dans ce domaine et met en évidence trois lacunes de la recherche sur la criticité des matériaux (l’absence d’un véritable diagnostic de criticité; l’absence d’une méthodologie d’évaluation de la criticité au niveau produit; le défaut de lien bien établi entre mécanisme de criticité, méthode d’évaluation et solutions proposées). En conséquence, la thèse comble les deux premières lacunes et offre plusieurs pistes à l’égard de la troisième. Concernant le diagnostic de la criticité d’un matériau, la thèse propose d’illustrer le mécanisme de criticité par quatre dimensions : le déséquilibre entre offre et demande ; l’importance du matériau pour le produit ; l’accessibilité de l’approvisionnement ; et les facteurs dynamiques. Une définition de la criticité est proposée. Le mécanisme de criticité étant au centre de la recherche, une méthodologie permettant de déterminer la criticité matérielle à l’échelle « produit » est développée et complétée par un modèle applicatif quantitatif. La méthodologie offre un raisonnement général pour conduire une étude de la criticité ; le modèle illustre une de ses possibilités d’être appliqué à des cas réels pour déterminer quantitativement la criticité. A la fin, l’application du modèle à deux produits (l’aimant permanent et la diode électroluminescente) est présentée
Rare earth crisis in 2010 showed the importance of some materials and whipped up interest in the research on material criticality. A review work was first conducted in order to get a better understanding of the existing work in this research area and to see where more work is needed. Based on this review, three research gaps were identified (lack of a comprehensive diagnosis of criticality; lack of evaluation methodology at the product level; lack of links between the mechanism of criticality, the evaluation methodology and the solutions offered. This thesis focuses on the two first research gaps and offers several ideas for the last one. Regarding diagnosis of criticality, the mechanism is illustrated under four dimensions: imbalance between supply and demand, importance of the material to product, supply accessibility and dynamic factors. A definition of criticality is also put forward. Considering the established mechanism as research core, a methodology to evaluate the criticality of materials at the product level has been developed and is completed with a concrete and quantitative model. The methodology offers guidance on how to assess criticality and sets a framework for evaluation. The model illustrates a way to use this methodology through a tool that assigns a ‘criticality score’ to materials and shows how the score is contributed. The calculations were automated in Excel. Two applications, one for permanent magnet and the other for light emitting diode, were conducted to demonstrate and improve the methodology and the model
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Charoenrungsiri, Visut, and Umaporn Oonsuphab. "Multi Level Marketing products in Thailand." Thesis, Mälardalen University, School of Sustainable Development of Society and Technology, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-9902.

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Song, Ruoyu. "Game theoretic optimization for product line evolution." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/54472.

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Product line planning aims at optimal planning of product variety. In addition, the traditional product line planning problem develops new product lines based on product attributes without considering existing product lines. However, in reality, almost all new product lines evolve from existing product lines, which leads to the product line evolution problem. Product line evolution involves trade-offs between the marketing perspective and engineering perspective. The marketing concern focuses on maximizing utility for customers; the engineering concern focuses on minimizing engineering cost. Utility represents satisfaction experienced by the customers of a product. Engineering cost is the total cost involved in the process of the development of a product line. These two goals are in conflict since the high utility requires high-end product attributes which could increase the engineering cost and vice versa. Rather than aggregating both problems as one single level optimization problem, the marketing and engineering concerns entail a non-collaborative game per se. This research investigates a game-theoretic approach to the product line evolution problem. A leader-follower joint optimization model is developed to leverage conflicting goals of marketing and engineering concerns within a coherent framework of game theoretic optimization. To solve the joint optimization model efficiently, a bi-level nested genetic algorithm is developed. A case study of smart watch product line evolution is reported to illustrate the feasibility and potential of the proposed approach.
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Meister, David P. L. "Integrated product team implementation and leadership at the program level." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1996. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA325702.

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Thesis (M.S. in Systems Acquisition Management) Naval Postgraduate School, December 1996.
Thesis advisor(s): Susan Hocevar, Keith F. Snider. "December 1996." Includes bibliographical references (p. 105-106). Also available online.
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Abbas, Muhammad. "Requirements-Level Reuse Recommendation and Prioritization of Product Line Assets." Licentiate thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Inbyggda system, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-53667.

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Software systems often target a variety of different market segments. Targeting varying customer requirements requires a product-focused development process. Software Product Line (SPL) engineering is one possible approach based on reuse rationale to aid quick delivery of quality product variants at scale. SPLs reuse common features across derived products while still providing varying configuration options. The common features, in most cases, are realized by reusable assets. In practice, the assets are reused in a clone-and-own manner to reduce the upfront cost of systematic reuse. Besides, the assets are implemented in increments, and requirements prioritization also has to be done. In this context, the manual reuse analysis and prioritization process become impractical when the number of derived products grows. Besides, the manual reuse analysis process is time-consuming and heavily dependent on the experience of engineers. In this licentiate thesis, we study requirements-level reuse recommendation and prioritization for SPL assets in industrial settings. We first identify challenges and opportunities in SPLs where reuse is done in a clone-and-own manner.  We then focus on one of the identified challenges: requirements-based SPL assets reuse and provide automated support for identifying reuse opportunities for SPL assets based on requirements. Finally, we provide automated support for requirements prioritization in the presence of dependencies resulting from reuse.
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Books on the topic "Rejection Level Of The Product"

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Iacovone, Leonardo. Multi-product exporters: Diversification and micro-level dynamics. [Washington, D.C: World Bank, 2008.

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Vandenbosch, Mark B. A business-level decision model for product-service firms. London, Canada: Western Business School, University of Western Ontario, 1995.

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Falco, Massimo de. Optimum pooling level and factors identification in product prototyping. Cambridge, Mass: Alfred P. Sloan School of Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1995.

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B, Miller, ed. Edexcel A level design and technology product design: Resistant materials technology. Oxford: Edexcel, 2008.

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(Firm), Montgomery Watson, and United States. Army. Corps of Engineers. Sacramento District., eds. Fuel product action level development report: Presidio of San Francisco, California. Walnut Creek, Calif: Montgomery Watson, 1995.

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M, Laseter Timothy, and Russell Max, eds. Strategic product creation: Deliver customer satisfaction from every level of your company. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2007.

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Blanchflower, David G. Product market competition, wages and productivity: International evidence from establishment-level data. London: London School of Economics, Centre for Economic Performance, 1996.

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Williams, S. P. Nimbus 7 coastal zone color scanner (CZCS): Level 1 data product users' guide. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Scientific and Technical Information Branch, 1985.

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Kraay, Aart. Product quality, productive efficiency, and international technology diffusion: Evidence from plant-level panel data. Washington, D.C: World Bank, Development Research Group, Macroeconomics and Growth, and, Trade., 2002.

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(Firm), Montgomery Watson, and United States. Army. Corps of Engineers. Sacramento District., eds. Draft fuel product action level development report: Presidio of San Francisco, San Francisco, California. Walnut Creek, Calif: Montgomery Watson, 1995.

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Book chapters on the topic "Rejection Level Of The Product"

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Pohl, Klaus, and Nelufar Ulfat-Bunyadi. "Selecting High-Level COTS Components." In Software Product Line Engineering, 285–301. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-28901-1_14.

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de Lara, Juan, and Esther Guerra. "Multi-level Model Product Lines." In Fundamental Approaches to Software Engineering, 161–81. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45234-6_8.

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Westphal, Laurie E. "Product Guidelines." In Differentiating Instruction With Menus Advanced-Level Menus Grades 9-12, 27–38. New York: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003234333-4.

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Westphal, Laurie E. "Product Guidelines." In Differentiating Instruction With Menus Advanced-Level Menus Grades K-2, 27–45. New York: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003234418-3.

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Westphal, Laurie E. "Product Guidelines." In Differentiating Instruction With Menus Advanced-Level Menus Grades K-2, 29–44. New York: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003234555-3.

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Westphal, Laurie E. "Product Guidelines." In Differentiating Instruction With Menus Advanced-Level Menus Grades K-2, 29–44. New York: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003234494-3.

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Westphal, Laurie E. "Product Guidelines." In Differentiating Instruction With Menus Advanced-Level Menus Grades 9-12, 27–38. New York: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003234340-4.

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Louis-sidney, L., V. Cheutet, S. Lamouri, O. Puron, and A. Mezza. "A Design Logistics Support Tool on an Operational Level." In Global Product Development, 535–44. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-15973-2_54.

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van Deursen, Arie, Merijn de Jonge, and Tobias Kuipers. "Feature-Based Product Line Instantiation Using Source-Level Packages." In Software Product Lines, 217–34. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45652-x_14.

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Nundy, Samiran, Atul Kakar, and Zulfiqar A. Bhutta. "How to Handle Rejection?" In How to Practice Academic Medicine and Publish from Developing Countries?, 313–16. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-5248-6_33.

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AbstractThe most important reason for immediate rejection is that the authors have not complied with all the necessary requirements of the journal. The submission of auxiliary documents that are necessary (ethics, conflict of interest) may have not been sent. The Editor in charge first looks at the title and the topic of the research [1, 2]. When he feels that it may not have much interest to his readers, the paper can be directly sent back at this level.
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Conference papers on the topic "Rejection Level Of The Product"

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Falco, Mariana, and Gabriela Robiolo. "Product Quality Evaluation Method (PQEM): A Comprehensive Approach for the Software Product Life Cycle." In 2nd International Conference on Machine Learning &Trends (MLT 2021). AIRCC Publishing Corporation, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/csit.2021.111104.

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Project managers, product owners, and quality assurance leaders need to visualize and understand the entire picture of the development process as well as comprehend the product quality level, in a synthetic and intuitive way in order to facilitate the decision of accepting or rejecting each iteration within the software life cycle. This idea is extremely important nowadays, due to the fact that time is a key resource and it should be managed wisely to obtain a feasible quality level for each software deliverable. This article presents a novel solution called Product Quality Evaluation Method (PQEM) to evaluate a set of quality characteristics for each iteration of a software product. PQEM is based on the Goal-Question-Metric approach, the standard ISO/IEC 25010, and the extension made of testing coverage in order to obtain the quality coverage of each quality characteristic. The outcome of PQEM is a single value representing the quality per each iteration of a product, as an aggregated measure. Even though a value it is not the regular idea of measuring quality, we believe that it can be useful to use this value to understand easily the quality level of each iteration. An illustrative example of the method was carried out with a web and mobile application, within the healthcare environment.
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Kampe, Thomas U., and Eugene Waluschka. "Near-Field Stray Light Rejection Techniques for the Moderate Resolution Spectroradiometer (MODIS)." In International Optical Design Conference. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/iodc.1994.tso.273.

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Near-field scattered light, due to ghost images produced from multiple reflections or due to scatter off optical surfaces, will contribute to background noise. This background noise can reduce contrast and blur edge transitions. These sources of background noise cannot be compensated for since they are scene-dependent. High-performance remote sensing instruments, such as the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS), have strict systems-level radiometric performance criteria, such as transient response and stray light, which demand that background noise sources be well controlled. This paper discusses design challenges brought on by these requirements and subsequent modifications and analysis techniques used to minimize ghosting for the MODIS instrument.
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Eskew, R. T., C. F. Stromeyer, A. Chaparro, and R. E. Kronauer. "Why is chromatic sensitivity greater than luminance sensitivity?" In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1992.ms3.

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At ARVO 1992, we reported that when detection thresholds for luminance and red–green chromatic spots are expressed in cone contrast energy (the space–time integral of the squared contrast produced in either the L or M cones), sensitivity for the optimal chromatic spot was 5–8× higher than for the optimal luminance spot. For an ideal observer of chromatic signals, the noise level in P ganglion cells would not be limiting, suggesting that limits are imposed at subsequent stages. The large chromatic sensitivity advantage could result from (a) lower detection uncertainty in the red–green mechanism; (b) common mode rejection (removal of correlated noise) in the opponent pathway; (c) reductions in luminance gain, relative to chromatic gain, at cortical levels; or (d) greater spatial and temporal integration in the chromatic pathway.
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Wang, Frank, and Marc Smith. "Vibration Analysis and Control of the Quartz Rate Sensor." In ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-59430.

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BEI Systron Donner’s family of quartz inertial sensors uses a one piece, micromachined inertial sensing element to measure angular velocity. These sensors produce an output signal proportional to the rate of rotation sensed. In this paper, the operation of the quartz rate sensor (QRS) is presented. A mathematical model of the quartz fork is extracted, and the vibration characteristics of the quartz fork are presented. In order to control the magnitude of the drive tines, an AGC/Oscillator (AGC: automatic gain control) loop is employed. The system response is analyzed using Matlab and Pspice. A switched capacitor (SC) circuit is used to realize the functions of full wave rectification (FWR), integration, and summation. The AGC level is controlled to within 0.3%/V dependency on the power supply. This fixes the scale factor of the QRS to the same level of power supply rejection.
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Gu¨len, S. Can. "Importance of Auxiliary Power Consumption on Combined Cycle Performance." In ASME Turbo Expo 2010: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2010-22161.

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The key product of a combined cycle power plant is electric power generated for industrial, commercial and residential customers. In that sense, the key performance metric that establishes the pecking order among thousands of existing, new, old, and planned power plants is the thermal efficiency. This is a ratio of net electric power generated by the plant to its rate of fuel consumption in the gas turbine combustors and, if applicable, heat recovery boiler duct burners. The term in the numerator of that simple ratio is subject to myriad ambiguities and/or misunderstandings, resulting primarily from the lack of a standardized definition agreed upon by all major players. More precisely, it is the lack of a standardized definition of the plant auxiliary power consumption (or load) that must be substracted from the generator output of all turbines in the plant, which then determines the net contribution of that power plant to the electric grid. For a combined cycle power plant, the key contributor to the plant’s auxiliary power load is the heat rejection system. In particular, any statement of combined cycle power plant thermal efficiency that does not specify (i) the steam turbine exhaust pressure, and (ii) the exhaust steam cooling system to achieve that pressure at the site ambient and loading conditions is subject to conjecture. Furthermore, for an assessment of the realism associated with the two in terms of economic and mechanical design feasibility, it is necessary to know the steam turbine exhaust end size and configuration. Using fundamental design principles, this paper provides a precise definition of the plant auxiliary load and quantifies its ramification on the plant’s net thermal efficiency. In addition, four standard auxiliary load levels are quantitatively defined based on a rigorous study of heat rejection system design considerations with a second-law perspective.
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Clark, Robert A., Mingxuan Shi, Jonathan Gladin, and Dimitri Mavris. "Design and Analysis of an Aircraft Thermal Management System Linked to a Low-Bypass Ratio Turbofan Engine." In ASME Turbo Expo 2021: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2021-58942.

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Abstract The design of an aircraft thermal management system (TMS) that is capable of rejecting heat loads into the bypass stream of a typical low-bypass ratio turbofan engine, or a ram-air stream, is investigated. The TMS consists of an air cycle system (ACS), which is similar to the typical air cycle machines (ACMs) used on current aircraft, both military and commercial. This system turbocharges compressor bleed air and uses heat exchangers in a ram air stream or the engine bypass stream to cool the engine bleed air prior to expanding it to low temperatures suitable for heat rejection. In this study, a simple low-bypass ratio afterburning turbofan engine was modeled in NPSS to provide boundary conditions to the TMS system throughout the flight envelope of a typical military fighter aircraft. The engine was sized to produce sea level static (SLS) thrust roughly equivalent to that of an F-35-class engine. Two different variations of the TMS system, a ram air cooled and a bypass air cooled, were sized to handle a given demanded aircraft heat load, which might include environmental control system (ECS) loads, avionics cooling loads, weapons system loads, or other miscellaneous loads. The architecture and modeling of the TMS is described in detail, and the ability of the sized TMS to reject these demanded aircraft loads throughout several key off-design points was analyzed, along with the impact of ACS engine bleeds on engine thrust and fuel consumption. A comparison is made between the cooling capabilities of the ram-air stream versus the engine bypass stream, along with the benefits and drawbacks of each cooling stream. It is observed that the maximum load dissipation capability of the TMS is tied directly to the amount of engine bleed flow, while the level of bleed flow required is set by the temperature conditions imposed by the aircraft cooling system and the heat transfer fluid used in the ACS thermal transport bus. Furthermore, the higher bypass stream temperatures significantly limit the thermodynamic viability and capability of a TMS designed with bypass air as the ultimate heat sink. The results demonstrate the advantage that adaptive, variable cycle engines (VCEs) may have for future military aircraft designs, as they combine the best features of the two TMS architectures that were studied here.
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Silveira, Margarida, Jacinto C. Nascimento, and Jorge S. Marques. "Level set segmentation with outlier rejection." In 2008 15th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icip.2008.4711947.

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Chong, Ang Boon. "Product Level MTBF Calculation." In 2014 5th International Conference on Intelligent Systems, Modelling and Simulation (ISMS). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isms.2014.137.

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Piras, Fabrizio, Federico Bucciarelli, Damaso Checcacci, and Filippo Ingrasciotta. "Steam Turbine Overspeed Scenarios: Comparison Between API Energy Method and Dynamic Simulation." In ASME Turbo Expo 2021: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2021-59257.

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Abstract In turbomachinery applications the possibility to reduce size and costs of main flow-path components, by increasing shaft rotating speed, has always been appealing. The technological challenge in increasing this power density capability is typically related to performance prediction, to operating stress in blades and shafts, as well as to the need for a more accurate rotor-dynamic analysis. Yet another aspect, often reduced to standard assessments in less demanding applications, is related to the analysis of overspeed scenarios where, following a sudden loss of load and/or driven inertia, the turbomachine shall maintain its mechanical integrity. Especially in steam turbines applications, where the behavior of the machine is strongly affected by the plant conditions, valves intervention time and connected volumes, the reduction of the rotor inertia, against comparable power, may produce overspeed scenarios that can become a primary design constraint and, if overlooked, may have both availability and safety implications. In this paper several approaches to the analysis of overspeed scenarios are discussed, with increasing level of detail. The energy-based overspeed analysis method, as required by API612, is first discussed against practical design cases. A more accurate dynamic model is then presented, and its results compared with those of the energy-based approach. Finally, the sensitivity analysis of the overspeed peak value with respect to critical design parameters is discussed. With respect to previous works, mostly based on load rejection scenarios, the main focus is on the scenario of sudden coupling loss.
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Su, Kai, Qiangfu Zhao, and Po Chun Lien. "Product Surface Defect Detection Based on CNN Ensemble with Rejection." In 2019 IEEE Intl Conf on Dependable, Autonomic and Secure Computing, Intl Conf on Pervasive Intelligence and Computing, Intl Conf on Cloud and Big Data Computing, Intl Conf on Cyber Science and Technology Congress (DASC/PiCom/CBDCom/CyberSciTech). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/dasc/picom/cbdcom/cyberscitech.2019.00067.

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Reports on the topic "Rejection Level Of The Product"

1

Soenko, Yevgeny. TYPOLOGY OF PERIPHERAL VISION. Intellectual Archive, May 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32370/iaj.2331.

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The research is based on the statement that retina produces the proper level of electrical activity, sourcing visual system. I started the research with partial darkening of different parts of the visual fields of humans to register possible psychological and physiological changes. The tested showed dramatically increasing variability and number of changes within just four exact types of darkening. More, emotional and physiological aspects of those changes were polarized into general acceptance and general rejection of a certain type of darkening in most of the individual tests. Thus the tested formed two opposite groups within every one of those types of darkening: a group with general negative reactions and a group with general positive ones. Further, those types of darkening turned out combined in pairs. General tune of reactions of most of the tested changed to strictly reverse within a pair of upper-lower types of darkening of peripheral vision and outer-inner ones as well. Between the pairs of types of darkening, there was no correspondence. The tested showed stability of their reactions during at least several months. Thus I may state a possibility of existence in the visual system of humans of two independent neuropsychological structures both having two alternative modes of functioning with a stable preference of just one of them in every individual case. If it is true, there may be a vision-based typology.
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Helander, Harald, Adeline Jerome, Maria Ljunggren, and Matty Janssen. What do product-level circular economy indicators measure? University of Limerick, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31880/10344/10177.

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Stegen, G. E. High-Level waste process and product data annotated bibliography. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/483390.

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Jerome, Adeline, Harald Helander, Maria Ljunggren, and Matty Janssen. Testing product-level indicators for a more circular economy. University of Limerick, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31880/10344/10219.

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Toto (Fairless), Tami, Andrew Vogelmann, Satoshi Endo, Krista Gaustad, and Scott Giangrande. Lifting Condensation Level Height (LCL Height) Value-Added Product Report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1808569.

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Cooke, Roger M. De Finetti Representations of Survival Functions Level to a Product Measure. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada253623.

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Bess, C. E. Waste characterization of activation product radionuclides in high level waste (HLW) supernate. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10185973.

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Valenti, P. J., E. Maestas, J. A. Yeazel, and T. W. McIntosh. Product acceptance of a certified Class C low-level waste form at the West Valley Demonstration Project. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/330572.

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Brown, D. F. Assessment of fission product content of high-level liquid waste supernate on E-Area vault package criteria. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10185969.

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Centric, James H., and Margaret S. Salter. The Division Level Military Decision-Making Process (MDMP): Design and Development of a Prototype Computer-Based Training Product. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada361259.

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