Relevant bibliographies by topics / Reinforcement sensitivity theory

Academic literature on the topic 'Reinforcement sensitivity theory'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 22 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Reinforcement sensitivity theory"

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Dolatyar, Khalil, and Benjamin R. Walker. "Reinforcement sensitivity theory and mindfulness." Personality and Individual Differences 163 (September 2020): 110089. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2020.110089.

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Corr, Philip J. "Reinforcement sensitivity theory and personality." Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews 28, no. 3 (May 2004): 317–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2004.01.005.

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Johnson, Judith L., Lucy M. Kim, Thorayya S. Giovannelli, and Tiffany Cagle. "Reinforcement sensitivity theory, vengeance, and forgiveness." Personality and Individual Differences 48, no. 5 (April 2010): 612–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2009.12.018.

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Smillie, Luke D., and Chris J. Jackson. "Functional Impulsivity and Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory." Journal of Personality 74, no. 1 (February 2006): 47–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.2005.00369.x.

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Krupić, Dino, and Philip J. Corr. "How reinforcement sensitivity theory relates to self-determination theory." Personality and Individual Differences 155 (March 2020): 109705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2019.109705.

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Jackson, Chris J. "Gray's Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory: a psychometric critique." Personality and Individual Differences 34, no. 3 (February 2003): 533–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0191-8869(02)00305-7.

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Smederevac, Snežana, Dušanka Mitrović, Petar Čolović, and Željka Nikolašević. "Validation of the Measure of Revised Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory Constructs." Journal of Individual Differences 35, no. 1 (March 1, 2014): 12–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1614-0001/a000121.

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The paper presents validation of the Reinforcement Sensitivity Questionnaire (RSQ), measuring the constructs of the Revised Reinforcement Sensitivity theory (RST). The research was conducted on a sample of 565 participants, using three measures of the constructs of the Revised Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory – the Behavioral Inhibition System/Behavioral Approach System (BIS/BAS) scale, Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory Personality Questionnaire (RST-PQ), and Reinforcement Sensitivity Questionnaire. The results of confirmatory factor analysis suggest good internal validity of the RSQ, while the results of principal components analysis show that the RSQ scales are significantly related to other RST measures.
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Warr, Peter B., Israel Sánchez-Cardona, Stanimira K. Taneva, Maria Vera, Uta K. Bindl, and Eva Cifre. "Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory, approach-affect and avoidance-affect." Cognition and Emotion 35, no. 4 (January 19, 2021): 619–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02699931.2020.1855119.

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Bacon, Alison M., Philip J. Corr, and Liam Paul Satchell. "A reinforcement sensitivity theory explanation of antisocial behaviour." Personality and Individual Differences 123 (March 2018): 87–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2017.11.008.

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Shahzadi, Kimiya, and Benjamin R. Walker. "Reinforcement sensitivity theory and relationship satisfaction via mastery." Personality and Individual Differences 139 (March 2019): 46–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2018.11.007.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Reinforcement sensitivity theory"

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Hutchison, Ann Mechthild. "Reinforcement sensitivity theory, personality, and senior executive performance." Thesis, University of Auckland, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/6732.

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This thesis explores the extent to which Jeffrey Gray's reinforcement sensitivity theory of personality can predict and explain the job performance of top-level executive leaders. In this study, 189 senior executives underwent a battery of psychometric, biographical and performance measures. The dimensions of approach and avoidance motivation were measured using Carver and White's (1994) 'BIS/BAS Scales', and the predictive power of these dimensions was compared to R. Hogan and Hogan's (1997) ambition and adjustment traits. Overall, a model of senior executive performance prediction was tested using structural equation modelling. The results showed that the 'BIS/BAS Scales' did not predict the selected aspects of executive performance. However, the Hogan ambition and adjustment traits did, but only when certain facets of these traits were used. Most notably, the executives' levels of experience and perceived reward at work were stronger predictors of performance than personality was. The results suggest that reinforcement sensitivity theory does not provide a particularly promising explanation for senior executive job performance, with the chosen measures, but that selected Hogan measures do. However, executive performance prediction is very much a nuanced phenomenon, and these nuances only emerge when the performance and predictor domains are measured and analysed at a facet level.
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Montag, Christian. "Die revidierte reinforcement sensitivity theory eine experimentell-biologische Überprüfung." Hamburg Kovač, 2008. http://d-nb.info/993570275/04.

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Jiang, YixIn. "How Do I Love Thee? Adult Attachment and Reinforcement Sensitivity." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/15615.

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This thesis aimed to examine the nature of the relations between individual differences in adult attachment patterns and the sensitivity of motivational systems – the Behavioural Approach System (BAS), the Fight-Flight-Freeze System (FFFS), and the Behavioural Inhibition System (BIS) – proposed by the revised reinforcement sensitivity theory (r-RST). In Study 1, psychology undergraduates (N=225) completed self-reported measures of adult attachment and reinforcement sensitivity. Both attachment dimensions were significantly related to BIS sensitivity, which suggests that sensitivity to motivational ambivalence is a central feature of attachment insecurity. In Study 2, psychology undergraduates (N=200) experienced virtual separation and reunion scenarios with a ‘virtual spouse,’ and subsequently completed adult attachment and reinforcement sensitivity questionnaires. Adult attachment, but not reinforcement sensitivity, were predictive of behavioural and emotional responses to separation and reunion. This suggests that adult attachment has unique predictive power to dyadic behaviour. Finally, Study 3 (N=63) examined the links between self-reported adult attachment and reinforcement sensitivity and neurobiological markers of approach and avoidance motivation (8 minutes of resting EEG). Neither adult attachment nor reinforcement sensitivity exhibited robust associations with the resting EEG indices. This may reflect the construct heterogeneity of the attachment dimensions and reinforcement sensitivity, such that they do not neatly map onto neural correlates of approach and avoidance. Together, the studies reported in this thesis suggest modest overlaps between individual differences in adult attachment and reinforcement sensitivities at the self-report level, but the two domains are largely independent in relation to attachment behaviour and neural correlates of approach-avoidance.
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Wilson, Daniel R. "Revised Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory and Binge Eating: An investigation into the role of the behavioural inhibition system, rash impulsivity, affective states and mindfulness on forms of overconsumption." Thesis, Griffith University, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/406060.

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Binge eating has become increasingly common in the general population over the last few decades. The behaviour refers to the consumption of an objectively large amount of food in a short time period whilst experiencing a subjective loss of control over one’s intake, and forms part of the diagnostic criteria for several eating disorders (ED; i.e., binge eating disorder [BED)], bulimia nervosa [BN], anorexia nervosa [AN-Binge-eating/Purge subtype]). Binge eating is associated with a range of adverse physical and psychological complications, and has a significant cost economically. Accordingly, research has increasingly focussed on binge eating to further understand the behaviour and guide interventions. The current thesis aimed to investigate binge eating and overconsumption using revised Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory (RST), a biologically-based theory of personality, which is based on the sensitivity of brain systems that responds to rewarding and punishing stimuli. The broad objective of the thesis was to further understand the individual differences involved in maladaptive eating behaviours and investigate how this information may be useful in guiding intervention strategies. The goal of the thesis was to investigate the mechanisms involved in binge eating and other forms of overconsumption from a RST perspective. The first study investigated similarities and differences in reinforcement sensitivities across ED subtypes and healthy controls, using a measure of revised RST. In the study, 109 adult women with a past or present Anorexia Nervosa-Restrictive subtype (AN-R) diagnosis, 132 with a past or present binge-type ED diagnosis, and 133 non-ED controls, completed a measure of revised RST and measures of disordered eating behaviours and attitudes. Results showed both the AN-R and binge-type group participants scored higher on measures of the Behavioural Inhibition System (BIS) and the Fight/Flight/Freeze System (FFFS) compared to healthy controls. The binge-type group scored higher on measures of rash impulsivity relative to the AN-R and healthy control group, and lower on measures of goal-drive persistence relative to the healthy controls. The AN-R group demonstrated lower reward interest and reward reactivity than the non-ED controls. Being the first study to use a measure in line with the latest developments in RST, these results provided some clarification about the nature of approach behaviour in eating disorders. The key findings implicated high rash impulsivity and low goal drive persistence in binge eating behaviours, whereas no group differences were found for binge-type groups compared to healthy controls or AN-R on measures of reward sensitivity. Another key finding was the transdiagnostic role of BIS and FFFS across ED subtypes. Following these results, the remainder of the thesis aimed to investigate the pathways and conditions under which RST systems influences maladaptive eating behaviours. Thus, the second study investigated the role of negative affect as a mediator between the RST systems and binge eating symptoms. Undergraduate students (n = 229) completed selfreported measures of revised reinforcement sensitivities, negative affect and binge eating symptoms. Indirect pathways from BIS, FFFS and rash impulsivity and binge eating through negative affect were tested. Results showed that negative affect mediated the pathway from BIS to binge eating and rash impulsivity to binge eating, but not from the FFFS to binge eating. The key findings from Study 2 provided further support that BIS and rash impulsivity are particularly relevant to binge eating and made the novel contribution of implicating negative affect as a mechanism of action in this pathway. The first and second studies implicated rash impulsivity and BIS in binge eating and suggested that an interaction between the two systems may be related to binge eating. Study 3 sought to test this interaction and investigate potential protective factors in the pathway to maladaptive eating behaviours. Specifically, Study 3 investigated the moderating effect of rash impulsivity on the pathway from BIS to both binge eating and grazing behaviours. Further, it tested trait mindfulness as a moderating factor in the BIS/Impulsivity pathway to two types of eating behaviour: binge eating; and grazing. Undergraduate students (n = 245) completed self-report measures of BIS, rash impulsivity, trait mindfulness, binge eating and grazing. Results showed a two-way interaction for binge eating, and a three-way interaction for grazing. For binge eating, the relationship between BIS and binge eating grew stronger as rash impulsivity increased, whereas for increasing levels of mindfulness the relationship between BIS and binge eating was reduced. For grazing, results showed that the conditional effect of the BIS x impulsivity interaction on grazing scores varied according to mindfulness. At moderate to high levels of mindfulness, the conditional effect of the BIS x impulsivity interaction on grazing scores was non-significant. At low levels of mindfulness the conditional effect of the BIS x impulsivity interaction on grazing scores was significant, such that the relationship between BIS and grazing grew stronger as did impulsivity. The findings provided further support for the key role of both BIS and rash impulsivity in maladaptive eating behaviours, with the study being the first to apply an RST framework to grazing behaviour. Another key finding was the role of mindfulness as a potential protective mechanism in the pathway between personality risk factors and maladaptive outcomes. The fourth study aimed to extend upon the existing cross-sectional results, by using experimental methodology to investigate the casual effect of the relationship between personality, affective states, mindfulness and eating behaviour. Undergraduate students (n = 245) participated in a laboratory study, where mood was induced (positive, anxiety, neutral), followed by half the participants completing a brief mindfulness exercise (mindfulness, control) before undertaking a bogus taste test to measure food intake. Participants also completed a measure of rash impulsivity to test the interaction between impulsivity, affective state, and mindfulness on food intake. Results showed a three-way interaction, demonstrating that for those participants in the positive mood condition, increased rash impulsivity predicted reduced food intake in the mindfulness condition, whereas rash impulsivity was associated with increased food intake it the control condition. There was no such interaction in the anxiety condition, which was not consistent with the hypothesis for this condition. The key findings from this study supported recent evidence associating positive mood with food intake and added to the literature by highlighting the role of mindfulness and rash impulsivity when interacting with positive mood. The non-significant findings with respect to the anxiety condition, whilst consistent with previous experimental data, are inconsistent with both naturalistic studies and theories of negative affect and eating, raising concerns about the ecological validity of the laboratory food test. The collective key findings from the thesis make several novel contributions to the literature. The use of a recent measure of RST throughout the studies highlights the utility and advantage of using a measure reflective of the revised theory. For the first time binge eating has been evaluated with results that can be interpreted as per the current conceptualisation of RST, and distinction made between the influence of rash impulsivity and reward sensitivity, and BIS and FFFS. The current results highlight the combination of BIS and rash impulsivity are of influence in binge eating, with negative affect a mediator of this pathway. Additionally, the role of mindfulness as a protective factor in buffering against the maladaptive outputs of RST systems was demonstrated, with differing effects dependent on the specific eating behaviour (e.g., binge eating, grazing, food taste test). Collectively, these results progress the field through a series of novel findings that allow for a deeper understanding of RST and eating behaviour. The findings from this thesis highlight areas in which future research is warranted, and the clinical implications may inform the development and extension of both treatment and prevention approaches.
Thesis (Professional Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy in Clinical Psychology (PhD ClinPsych)
School of Applied Psychology
Griffith Health
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Loxton, Natalie, and n/a. "The Contribution of Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory and Family Risk to Dysfuntional Eating and Hazardous Drinking." Griffith University. School of Applied Psychology, 2005. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20060112.111417.

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This thesis details a continuing body of research investigating the contribution of personality to disordered eating and alcohol abuse in young women. There is growing evidence of high levels of reward sensitivity in women with both disorders, and high levels of punishment sensitivity in dysfunctional eating women. However, it is unlikely that personality alone accounts for the development of such dysfunctional behaviour. Two studies were conducted to further examine the contribution of reward and punishment sensitivity to these disorders. In the first study, 443 university women completed self-report measures of alcohol use, dysfunctional eating, reinforcement sensitivity, parental drinking, family environment and maternal eating. Reward and punishment sensitivity were better predictors of disordered behaviour than family factors, although maternal dysfunctional eating significantly increased the risk of daughters' dysfunctional eating. Punishment sensitive daughters of bulimic mothers reported the highest level of bulimic symptoms themselves. Punishment sensitivity also functioned as a partial pathway variable between family risk and disordered eating. Given the stronger contribution of personality to disordered behaviour, a second study was conducted in which 131 women completed behavioural tasks under conditions of reward and punishment. Performance on a computerised measure of punishment sensitivity was associated with greater levels of dysfunctional eating but not drinking. However, performance on a card-sorting task of reward sensitivity failed to correlate with self-reported reward sensitivity or disordered behaviour. It was concluded that an innate sensitivity to reward increases the risk of disorders characterised by strong approach tendencies, whilst high punishment sensitivity, perhaps due to a chaotic family, increases the risk of dysfunctional eating, particularly daughters of eating disordered mothers.
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Loxton, Natalie. "The Contribution of Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory and Family Risk to Dysfuntional Eating and Hazardous Drinking." Thesis, Griffith University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365289.

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This thesis details a continuing body of research investigating the contribution of personality to disordered eating and alcohol abuse in young women. There is growing evidence of high levels of reward sensitivity in women with both disorders, and high levels of punishment sensitivity in dysfunctional eating women. However, it is unlikely that personality alone accounts for the development of such dysfunctional behaviour. Two studies were conducted to further examine the contribution of reward and punishment sensitivity to these disorders. In the first study, 443 university women completed self-report measures of alcohol use, dysfunctional eating, reinforcement sensitivity, parental drinking, family environment and maternal eating. Reward and punishment sensitivity were better predictors of disordered behaviour than family factors, although maternal dysfunctional eating significantly increased the risk of daughters' dysfunctional eating. Punishment sensitive daughters of bulimic mothers reported the highest level of bulimic symptoms themselves. Punishment sensitivity also functioned as a partial pathway variable between family risk and disordered eating. Given the stronger contribution of personality to disordered behaviour, a second study was conducted in which 131 women completed behavioural tasks under conditions of reward and punishment. Performance on a computerised measure of punishment sensitivity was associated with greater levels of dysfunctional eating but not drinking. However, performance on a card-sorting task of reward sensitivity failed to correlate with self-reported reward sensitivity or disordered behaviour. It was concluded that an innate sensitivity to reward increases the risk of disorders characterised by strong approach tendencies, whilst high punishment sensitivity, perhaps due to a chaotic family, increases the risk of dysfunctional eating, particularly daughters of eating disordered mothers.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Applied Psychology
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Kramer, Samuel Louis. "The Influence of Revised Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory Subsystems on Social Interaction and Social Observation Anxiety." OpenSIUC, 2014. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/1429.

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Evidence suggests that both the BIS and the BAS play a role in the individual differences seen in social anxiety disorder; however, findings concerning the role of the BAS have been mixed. To date, the role of RST subsystems underlying social anxiety has been measured with outdated scales. This study addressed this issue by using a measure purpose-built for the revised RST. The current study was able to replicate past findings that the BAS is differentially related to social interaction anxiety and social observation anxiety (Kimbrel et al., 2010; Kimbrel et al., 2012). While using a newer measure based on the revised RST; however, results indicated that BAS sensitivity related to both subdimensions of social anxiety. In addition, findings indicate that the RST systems remain good predictors of social anxiety symptoms even after accounting for the influence of levels of positive and negative affect. Implications and future directions are discussed.
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Kilmer, Jared Newman. "Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory and Proposed Personality Traits for the Dsm-v: Association with Mood Disorder Symptoms." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2013. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc271842/.

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The current work assesses the relationship between reinforcement sensitivity theory (RST) and Personality Traits for the DSM-5 (PID-5), to explore the degree to which they are associated with mood disorder symptoms. Participants (N = 138) from a large public university in the South were administered a semi-structured interview to assess for current mood disorder and anxiety symptoms. They were also administered self-report inventories, including the Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS) and Behavioral Approach System (BAS) scales and the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5). Results indicate that both the BIS/BAS scales and the PID-5 scales were strongly associated with current mood symptoms. However, the maladaptive personality traits demonstrated significantly greater associations with symptoms compared to the BIS/BAS scales. Results also indicated support for using a 2-factor model of BIS as opposed to a single factor model. Personality models (such as the five factor model) are strongly associated with mood symptoms. Results from this study add to the literature by demonstrating credibility of an alternative five-factor model of personality focused on maladaptive traits. Knowledge of individual maladaptive personality profiles can be easily obtained and used to influence case conceptualizations and create treatment plans in clinical settings.
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De, Pino Vincenzina, and enz79@hotmail com. "Reward Sensitivity and Outcome Expectancies Predict Both Alcohol and Cannabis Use in Young Adults." RMIT University. Health Sciences, 2009. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20091020.101518.

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The primary focus of this thesis was to examine the relationship of reward sensitivity and outcome expectancies, variables traditionally associated with alcohol use, to cannabis use behaviour and to explore the relationship of affect and locus of control to alcohol and cannabis use. It was hypothesised that hazardous alcohol and cannabis use would be related to higher levels of reward sensitivity and to the endorsement of more positive outcome expectancies. It was also hypothesised that positive outcome expectancies would mediate the relationship between reward sensitivity and cannabis use, and that the relationship between reward sensitivity and both alcohol and cannabis use would be moderated by punishment sensitivity. No specific hypotheses were formulated for the relationship of negative outcome expectancies, affect and locus of control of reinforcement to substance use. A total of 465 young adults aged between 18 and 35 years completed a questionnaire which assessed substance use patterns, reward and punishment sensitivity, outcome expectancies, locus of control, and affect. Results indicated that higher levels of reward sensitivity reliably distinguished hazardous from non-hazardous alcohol and cannabis users as well as cannabis users from cannabis non-users. The relationship between reward sensitivity and substance use was partially mediated by outcome expectancies, but not moderated by punishment sensitivity. An exploratory factor analysis demonstrated a high rate of concordance between alcohol and cannabis outcome expectancies. Locus of control of reinforcement was found to be unrelated to alcohol and cannabis use behaviour. There was little commonality in the relationship of sensitivity to punishment, negative outcome expectancies, and affect to alcohol and cannabis use. The second focus of this thesis was to pilot an intervention aimed at reducing alcohol use via the challenging of expectations regarding the rewarding outcomes associated with alcohol use in a group of young adult Australian males. A three session intervention was completed by three males aged between 19 and 31 years. The results demonstrated no reduction in hazardous alcohol use or global positive alcohol outcome expectancies at the completion of the intervention program or at a 3-month follow-up. Furthermore, there was no reduction in expectancies of increased sexual interest for any of the participants at the 3-month follow-up compared to baseline, despite a reduction in these expectancies for one of the three participants at the completion of the intervention. A reduction in monthly drinking levels and in expectancies of increased confidence compared to baseline was noted for two of the three participants at the 3-month follow-up. It was concluded overall that there is consistency between the relationships of reward sensitivity and positive outcome expectancies to alcohol and cannabis use and that outcome expectancies may be a proximal mechanism through which reward sensitivity influences alcohol and cannabis use. It was further concluded that whilst causal inferences regarding the effectiveness of the intervention could not be made, the results provide some evidence for the usefulness of this treatment in changing a proportion of the studied outcomes. This potentially provides an incentive for future controlled design research in larger samples and with alternate substances.
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Guerra, Roberto C. "The Role of Impulsivity and Reward Reactivity in Gray's Behavioral Activation System: Self-Reported Behavior and Autonomic Response to Reward." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/78076.

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The Behavioral Activation System (BAS) has been described as playing a central role in approach motivation and reward sensitivity (Gray, 1970). Self-report measures of BAS (e.g., Carver & White, 1994) have been used to index BAS activity, with higher scores interpreted as indicating greater BAS activity (e.g., Hundt et al., 2008). However, Beauchaine and colleagues (e.g., Brenner, Beauchaine, & Sylvers, 2005) have challenged this view, noting psychophysiological and neuroimaging evidence showing that externalizing behaviors are associated with reduced BAS functioning. Furthermore, global self-reported BAS scores are often used to index approach behavior, despite evidence that two main BAS traits, impulsivity and reward reactivity, are psychometrically distinct (Smillie et al., 2006). The present study tested a measurement model of these proposed components of BAS, as well as relationships between self-report and psychophysiological BAS indices. A large undergraduate student sample completed self-report indices (N=599) and a smaller subsample also completed psychophysiological (N=18) indices of BAS-related constructs. As hypothesized, a two-factor model with impulsivity and reward reactivity as separate, correlated constructs demonstrated better model fit than a one-factor alternative model. Associations between psychophysiological indices of BAS and indices of reward reactivity and impulsivity were mixed. Implications regarding future measurement of BAS and autonomic response to reward are discussed.
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Books on the topic "Reinforcement sensitivity theory"

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Corr, Philip J., ed. The Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory of Personality. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511819384.

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Walsh, Anthony. Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory. Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.

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Corr, Philip J. Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory of Personality. Cambridge University Press, 2008.

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Corr, Philip J. Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory of Personality. Cambridge University Press, 2011.

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Corr, Philip J. Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory of Personality. Cambridge University Press, 2008.

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Corr, Philip J. Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory of Personality. Cambridge University Press, 2008.

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Corr, Philip J. Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory of Personality. Cambridge University Press, 2008.

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The reinforcement sensitivity theory of personality. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008.

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Corr, Philip J. The Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory of Personality. Cambridge University Press, 2008.

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The Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory of Personality. Cambridge University Press, 2008.

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Book chapters on the topic "Reinforcement sensitivity theory"

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Walsh, Anthony. "Biosocial Criminology." In Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory, 1–16. 1 Edition. | New York : Routledge, 2019.: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429428234-1.

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Walsh, Anthony. "The Schizophrenia Spectrum and Crime." In Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory, 157–72. 1 Edition. | New York : Routledge, 2019.: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429428234-10.

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Walsh, Anthony. "Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder." In Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory, 173–87. 1 Edition. | New York : Routledge, 2019.: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429428234-11.

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Walsh, Anthony. "Criminal Violence." In Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory, 188–203. 1 Edition. | New York : Routledge, 2019.: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429428234-12.

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Walsh, Anthony. "A Question for All Ages." In Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory, 17–32. 1 Edition. | New York : Routledge, 2019.: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429428234-2.

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Walsh, Anthony. "Behavioral Genetics." In Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory, 33–49. 1 Edition. | New York : Routledge, 2019.: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429428234-3.

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Walsh, Anthony. "The Human Brain." In Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory, 50–67. 1 Edition. | New York : Routledge, 2019.: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429428234-4.

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Walsh, Anthony. "Molecular Genetics and the Environment." In Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory, 68–87. 1 Edition. | New York : Routledge, 2019.: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429428234-5.

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Walsh, Anthony. "The Canonical Neurotransmitters and Hormones of Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory." In Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory, 88–105. 1 Edition. | New York : Routledge, 2019.: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429428234-6.

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Walsh, Anthony. "Anomie/Strain, Learning Theories, and the Adolescent Brain." In Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory, 106–22. 1 Edition. | New York : Routledge, 2019.: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429428234-7.

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Conference papers on the topic "Reinforcement sensitivity theory"

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Krizanic, Valerija. "IMPLEMENTING REINFORCEMENT SENSITIVITY THEORY IN PREDICTING SPECIFIC AFFECTIVE STATES IN DAILY LIFE." In 2nd International Multidisciplinary Scientific Conference on Social Sciences and Arts SGEM2015. Stef92 Technology, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgemsocial2015/b11/s1.013.

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Mobasher, Barzin, Geoffrey Minor, Mansour Zenouzi, and Salvador L. Jalife. "Thermal and Mechanical Characterization of Contiguous Wall Systems for Energy Efficient Low Cost Housing." In ASME 2011 5th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2011-54952.

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The interaction of alternative technologies for low cost housing using a fully integrated finite element thermal and structural model of the system. The such as matrix formulations, or different wall systems can be accomplished using. Multi-layer systems based on composite laminate theory are used as a substitution for both reinforcement and effective thermal barrier of structural walls and roof systems. Textile Reinforced Cement composites (TRCs) as thin sandwich skin elements are considered since they show improved tension capacity and ductility based a well-bonded and well-distributed reinforcement that minimizes the flaw sizes, leading to the increase in overall strength and ductility. A range of innovative materials are used in a transient thermal analysis of the composite wall system. Using both 2-D and 3-D finite element analysis, field data obtained from interior and exterior faces of three model construction systems are simulated for walls and roof members as a function of time. Using the exterior temperature as the imposed boundary condition, the interior temperatures were predicted and compared with the experimentally obtained results. Sensitivity of the model to changes in parameters is studied for various insulating materials.
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LEOS, ARTURO, KOSTIANTYN VASYLEVSKYI, IGOR TSUKROV, TODD GROSS, and BORYS DRACH. "EXPERIMENTALLY VALIDATED SIMULATIONS OF BLIND HOLE DRILLING IN 3D WOVEN CARBON/EPOXY COMPOSITE WITH PROCESSING-INDUCED RESIDUAL STRESSES." In Thirty-sixth Technical Conference. Destech Publications, Inc., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12783/asc36/35944.

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Manufacturing-induced residual stresses in carbon/epoxy 3D woven composites arise during cooling after curing due to a large difference in the coefficients of thermal expansion between the carbon fibers and the epoxy matrix. The magnitudes of these stresses appear to be higher in composites with high throughthickness reinforcement and in some cases are sufficient to lead to matrix cracking. This paper presents a numerical approach to simulation of development of manufacturing-induced residual stresses in an orthogonal 3D woven composite unit cell using finite element analysis. The proposed mesoscale modeling combines viscoelastic stress relaxation of the epoxy matrix and realistic reinforcement geometry (based on microtomography and fabric mechanics simulations) and includes imaginginformed interfacial (tow/matrix) cracks. Sensitivity of the numerical predictions to reinforcement geometry and presence of defects is discussed. To validate the predictions, blind hole drilling is simulated, and the predicted resulting surface displacements are compared to the experimentally measured values. The validated model provides an insight into the volumetric distribution of residual stresses in 3D woven composites. The presented approach can be used for studies of residual stress effects on mechanical performance of composites and strategies directed at their mitigation.
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Saad, Mahmoud, Vincent Sabathier, Anaclet Turatsinze, and Sandrine Geoffroy. "Effect of Natural and Polypropylene Fibers on early Age Cracking of Mortars." In 4th International Conference on Bio-Based Building Materials. Switzerland: Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/cta.1.103.

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Throughout time, the use of lignocellulosic resources has been implemented in the development of building materials. Among these resources, natural fibers are used as mineral binders reinforcement due to their specific mechanical properties. This experimental investigation focused on effect of flax and hemp fiber reinforcement on the resistance of pozzolanic-based mortars to cracking due to restrained plastic shrinkage. Results were compared with polypropylene fiber reinforcement and with control mortar without fibers. The quantity of fibers added to the mortar mix were respectively 0.25% - 0.5% by mass of binder for polypropylene fibers and 0.5% - 1% by mass of binder for flax and hemp fibers. All fibers have a similar length of 12 mm. The cracking sensitivity was evaluated based on two different methods: the first consists in casting the mortar in a metal mold with stress risers whose criteria are inspired by the ASTM standards. The second consists in pouring the mortar on a brick support. In order to assess the effect of fibers on cracking due to restrained plastic shrinkage, the number of cracks, total crack area and maximum crack width within the first 6 hours after casting were determined using digital image correlation (DIC). Results showed that the flax and hemp fibers were more effective in controlling restrained plastic shrinkage cracking compared to polypropylene fibers. With a natural fiber of 1% by mass of binder, maximum crack width was reduced by at least 70% relative to control mortar based specimens. Natural fibers show great ability to propensity for cracking due to restrained plastic shrinkage; so that, they could be an alternative and ecological solution for polypropylene fibers.
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Bocci, Martina. "Is there a future for marginal communities?" In HERITAGE2022 International Conference on Vernacular Heritage: Culture, People and Sustainability. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica de València, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/heritage2022.2022.15218.

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In relatively marginal and isolated settings, changes in socio-cultural contexts and population reduction have contributed to the decay, abandonment and gradual disappearance of traditional ways of living and vernacular heritage. Associations and foundations often play a key mediating and facilitating role in countering these phenomena, supporting the survival of local communities and tangible and intangible expressions of heritage.In the context of the seminar cycle “Rehabilitation of traditional heritage and local development”, ten international case studies of unconventional practices of community-rooted rehabilitation from North and West Africa, South-East Asia, Latin America, and Southern Europe were selected.The cases were analysed through a multi-criteria approach to interpret common features and links in three dimensions: 1) organization and structure of associations and foundations; 2) technical methodology of recovery interventions, emphasizing the mobilization and transmission of traditional knowledge and skills; 3) generative potential for self-sustaining initiatives and community empowerment. Qualitative and quantitative data have been gathered based on a literature review of publications and reports, international seminars, meetings, and semi-structured interviews.The results highlighted the strong relationship between the external actors' success in rooty themselves in the local context and the empowerment of communities as well as the settling of their practices over time. The greatest opportunities for economic and cultural development are those in which a holistic vision in the care of the community and its cultural landscape was adopted. The reinforcement of the role of local craftspeople and inhabitants also proved to be crucial.The study showed that caring for a living heritage and its community implies a sensitivity for the past but also an updating and a creative reinterpretation of heritage in response to present and future demands.
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VASYLEVSKYI, KOSTIANTYN, BORYS DRACH, and IGOR TSUKROV. "INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT RESIN BEHAVIOR ON NUMERICAL PREDICTION OF EFFECTIVE CTES OF 3D WOVEN COMPOSITES." In Thirty-sixth Technical Conference. Destech Publications, Inc., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12783/asc36/35938.

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3D woven composites are well known for their high strength, dimensional stability, delamination, and impact resistance. They are often used in aerospace, energy, and automotive industries where material parts can experience harsh service conditions including substantial variations in temperature. This may lead to significant thermal deformations and thermally-induced stresses in the material. Additionally, 3D woven composites are often produced using resin transfer molding (RTM) technique which involves curing the epoxy resin at elevated temperatures leading to accumulation of the processing-induced residual stress. Thus, understanding of effective thermal behavior of 3D woven composites is essential for their successful design and service. In this paper, the effective thermal properties of 3D woven carbon-epoxy composite materials are estimated using mesoscale finite element models previously developed for evaluation of the manufacturing-induced residual stresses. We determine effective coefficients of thermal expansion (CTEs) of the composites in terms of the known thermal and mechanical properties of epoxy resin and carbon fibers. We investigate how temperature sensitivity of the thermal and mechanical properties of the epoxy influences the overall thermal properties of the composite. The simulations are performed for different composite reinforcement morphologies including ply-to-ply and orthogonal. It is shown that even linear dependence of epoxy’s stiffness and CTE on temperature results in a nonlinear dependence on temperature of the overall composite’s CTE.
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Wang, Yi, Sung-Ho Lee, Yen-Yu Ian Shih, and Yuan-Shin Lee. "Design and Fabrication of MRI-Compatible and Flexible Neural Microprobes for Deep Brain Stimulation and Neurological Treatment Applications." In ASME 2022 17th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2022-85832.

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Abstract This paper presents a new design and fabrication method of flexible neural microprobes for deep brain stimulations (DBS) and neurological treatment applications. The developed new flexible microprobes are compatible with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and can be used for neurological studies of brain functions under functional imaging such as fMRI for a long period of time. In this paper, the materials of the flexible neural microprobes are comprehensively selected to minimize the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) artifacts, which limits many conventional feasible manufacturing processes to be used. Polyimide was adopted for the substrate of the neural microprobe, which has good biocompatibility and a relatively lower Young’s modulus. A 200 nm chromium reinforcement layer was embedded in the microprobe to attenuate its implantation stiffness while remaining flexible. Gold electroplating was employed to modify the electrode sites to improve the signal quality and sensitivity. The designed new neural microprobes were successfully fabricated at our NCSU Nanofabrication Facility (NNF) and bonded to a customized PCB. After the fabrication, the developed neural microprobes were characterized to validate their effectiveness. In vivo simultaneous DBS-fMRI experiments were conducted in surgery rooms on a rat’s deep brain targets, demonstrating the potential applications of our neural microprobe for neuroscience studies, medical diagnosis, and treatment applications. In vivo electrophysiology results show the effectiveness of our fabricated neural microprobes.
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Castro, Michelle, Ricarda Pritschmann, Meredith Berry, Richard Yi, and Ali Yurasek. "Associations of Cannabis Use Motives and Cannabis Demand in Young Adults." In 2021 Virtual Scientific Meeting of the Research Society on Marijuana. Research Society on Marijuana, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.26828/cannabis.2022.01.000.02.

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Background: Cannabis is the most commonly used illicit substance among young adults and is associated with a variety of negative consequences. Studies have shown that both cannabis demand and certain cannabis motives are associated with higher levels and frequency of cannabis use, as well as associated problems. No study has yet to examine the relationship between cannabis use motives and cannabis demand. The purpose of the current study was to examine the associations between individual cannabis motives and cannabis demand. Methods: Data were collected from 95 young adult cannabis users who reported using cannabis at least once in the last 30 days. (M age = 20.63; Female = 50.5%; M cannabis use days per month = 14.64). Participants completed questionnaires assessing cannabis use frequency, cannabis use motives, and a cannabis purchase task. Amplitude, representative of the amount consumed at an unrestricted price, and persistence, representative of sensitivity to escalating price, were calculated and used in the analyses. Results: Initial correlational analyses demonstrated significant relationships between demand and total number of cannabis motives and conformity, enjoyment, coping, experimentation, boredom, celebration, and sleep motives (ps < .05). A series of hierarchical linear regressions were conducted to determine the specific associations between the aforementioned individual cannabis motives and amplitude and persistence. Step one controlled for age, gender, and cannabis use frequency, and the motives were added in step two. Regression models indicated that total number of motives, enjoyment, conformity, and coping motives were significant predictors of persistence even after controlling for cannabis use frequency. Motives were not significant predictors of amplitude. Conclusion: Findings from this study suggest that young adults who use cannabis for enjoyment, conformity, or coping reasons may experience greater reinforcement efficacy of cannabis which may place them at increased risk to develop cannabis use disorder or other related problems associated with their use. Further, young adults with these cannabis use motives may be less sensitive to increases in price and continue to purchase cannabis at higher prices. These findings can be used to inform cannabis interventions by targeting specific motives for use.
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Yang, Zhiyong, Otto DaSilva, and Ed Nagel. "OPTI-EX Deck Design: A Novel Approach to Deck Mating." In ASME 2010 29th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2010-21032.

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This paper describes deck design and mating operation of the semisubmersible Floating Production Unit (FPU) OPTI-EX. It also addresses engineering challenges, and how these were met by a novel design and proper analysis. OPTI-EX is the first production semi-submersible mated by a combination of guide plates and shoe bracket at 8 contact points. The challenges of mating include dimensional control of the mating, hull deflections control by guide plates, dimensional tolerance criteria, and welding connections. Because of the flexibility of OPTI-EX pontoon in the water, the horizontal deflection of four columns is significant, which makes the adjustment of column position important. The use of half “Y” shape guide plates installed on column top helps the deck bring the column back into desired location under deck self weight. The deck self weight is shed at 8 contact points. The dimensional tolerance criteria are critical, since fatigue is sensitive in the deck column connection area. By selecting the placement of guide plates, the tolerance can be achieved. The mating operation went very well in terms of time and final tolerance. Welding work after the landing of truss deck on column is easy to access and of simple design. All the work is done in open space rather than confined in a small space. A sensitivity study was done to check the contact forces during the mating process. The results show that there will be significant changes in contact forces assuming different initial gaps present between deck and column top guides during the mating. However, all these forces can be accommodated by a proper local reinforcement design. While mating the deck and column, a built-in stress due to the loads in mating is normally involved. The support conditions change between mating stage and in-place condition. This means modeling the in-place condition only will lead to an unrealistic result. In this paper, it is shown that a prestress approach has to be utilized to predict the final in-place strength condition with the consideration of built-in stress in deck at mating stage.
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Zhang, Qingwei, Vadym Mochalin, Ioannis Neitzel, Yury Gogotsi, Peter I. Lelkes, and Jack Zhou. "The Study on PLLA-Nanodiamond Composites for Surgical Fixation Devices." In ASME 2010 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2010-38287.

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Biopolymers have a great potential in biomedical engineering, having been used as scaffolds for hard and soft tissues, such as bone and blood vessels for many years. More recently biopolymers have also found applications in surgical fixation devices. Compared with conventional metal fixation devices, bone grafts and organ substitutes, biopolymer products have advantages of no long-term implant palpability or temperature sensitivity, predictable degradation to provide progressive bone loading and no stress shielding, all of which leads to a better bone healing, reduced patient trauma and cost, elimination of second surgery for implant removal, and fewer complications from infections. However lack of initial fixation strength and bioactivity are two major concerns which limited more widespread applications of biopolymers in orthopedic surgery. Nanodiamond is attractive for its use in reinforcement of composite materials due to their outstanding mechanical, chemical and biological properties. Nanotechnology shows us many innovations and it is generally accepted view that many could be further developed and applied in tissue engineering. In this work, we conduct poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) and octadecylamine functionalized nanodiamond (ND-ODA) composite research to optimize the polymer/ND interface, thus to reinforce the mechanical strength. Composites comprising PLLA matrix with embedded ND-ODA were prepared by mixing PLLA/chloroform solution with chloroform suspension of nanodiamonds at concentrations of 0–10 by weight percent. The dispersion of ND-ODA was observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). TEM micrographs show that ND-ODA can disperse uniformly in PLLA till 10% wt. Nanoindentation result shows the mechanical strength of ND-ODA/PLLA composites improving following increasing the concentration of ND-ODA in composites. The noncytotoxicity of ND-ODA was demonstrated on 7F2 Osteoblasts. To test the usefulness of ND-ODA/PLLA composites as scaffolds for supporting cell growth, 7F2 Osteoblasts were cultured on scaffolds for 6 days. The attachment and proliferation of 7F2 on all scaffolds were assessed by fluorescent nuclear staining with Hoechst 33258 and Alamar BlueTM assay. The results showed that the adding ND-ODA does small influence cell growth, which indicates the composites have good biocompatibility. The morphology of 7F2 cells growing on all ND-ODA/PLLA composite scaffolds was determined by SEM, which confirms the Osteoblasts spread on the scaffolds. All these results combined suggest that ND-ODA/PLLA might provide a novel composite suitable for surgical fixation devices.
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