Journal articles: 'Rehabilitation or conservation of marine environments'

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Firmansyah, Riza, and Maria Oselaga. "TOURIST'S WILLINGNESS TO PAY FOR ENVIRONMENT REHABILITATION." Journal of Tourism Destination and Attraction 9, no. 1 (March 19, 2021): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.35814/tourism.v9i1.1913.

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Kepulauan Seribu Marine National Park (TNKpS) which is the only national park in the world located in a capital city, is included as a part of the Kepulauan Seribu Administrative Regency, DKI Jakarta Province. Based on the decree of the Director of Forest Protection and Nature Conservation Number SK.05/VI-KK/2004 concerning the Zonation of the Kepulauan Seribu Marine National Park, not all TNKpS areas can be used as tourism destinations, because there are zones aimed at conservation of natural resources. According to the decree, TNKpS area is divided into 4 zones, namely the Core Zone, Protection Zone, Tourism Utilization Zone and Settlement Zone. One of the residential islands in TNKpS which is also the main destination for tourists for transit, is Harapan Island. Apart from being the main destination for tourists for transit, Harapan Island is the largest island in Seribu Utara sub-district. The cost of traveling to Kepulauan Seribu, especially to Harapan Island, is very affordable, between IDR 350,000 to IDR 400,000. This affordable cost makes Harapan Island a priority natural tourist destination for residents of Jabodetabek (Jakarta, Bogor, Tangerang, and Bekasi). Many tourism activities on Harapan Island have not only a positive impact on the local economy but also a negative impact on the environment. There are a lot of rubbish such plastic snack waste and damaged coral reefs in the snorkeling spots. The concept of Willingness to Pay (WTP) of tourists is the willingness of tourists to pay for the assessment of natural resources in order to improve environmental quality in the Harapan Island area. This study aims to estimate the WTP of tourists to travel on Harapan Island. The design of this study used quantitative methods by collecting data through interviews and distributing questionnaires online. The data were processed by descriptive method and the Contingent Valuation Method (CVM). The results show that the WTP of tourists is as much as IDR 32,976/person/visit that can be included in the price of a tour package. As much as IDR 518,161,947 per year is expected to help the costs of nature conservation on Harapan Island. Keywords: Kepulauan Seribu Marine National Park (TNKpS), Harapan Island, Contingent Valuation Method (CVM), Willingness to Pay (WTP).

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Escobedo-Bonilla, Cesar Marcial, Noelia Maria Quiros-Rojas, and Esteban Rudín-Salazar. "Rehabilitation of Marine Turtles and Welfare Improvement by Application of Environmental Enrichment Strategies." Animals 12, no. 3 (January 24, 2022): 282. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12030282.

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Sea turtles perform various ecological services in several marine environments and are considered architects of the marine landscape. At present, they are endangered species due to anthropogenic threats, pollution and degradation of marine habitats. These impacts make it urgent to increase protection and conservation efforts. Protective actions include the rescue and rehabilitation of injured individuals as a result of their interactions with humans and other threats. Environmental enrichment (EE) is a series of techniques and methods aimed to improve the welfare of animals in captivity and/or under rehabilitation. It uses external stimuli to enhance their psychological and physiological wellbeing to promote natural abilities and behaviors. These may increase the survival chances of rehabilitated animals upon release in the wild. This review presents data of studies where EE has been applied during the rehabilitation processes of different species of sea turtles, and its effect on welfare improvement during captivity/rehabilitation and on survival after release into nature. Technologies such as satellite tags are an important means to determine rehabilitation success and survival of injured individuals from endangered species after release into the wild, as they allow tracking and monitoring of such individuals, and determine their location in areas used by their natural populations for feeding or breeding.

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Wahyudi, Isra, Asbar Asbar, and Danial Sultan. "ANALISIS TINGKAT KESESUAIAN WISATA BAHARI PADA EKOSISTEM TERUMBU KARANG DI PULAU LAREA- REA KABUPATEN SINJAI." JOURNAL OF INDONESIAN TROPICAL FISHERIES (JOINT-FISH) : Jurnal Akuakultur, Teknologi Dan Manajemen Perikanan Tangkap, Ilmu Kelautan 4, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 47–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.33096/joint-fish.v4i1.88.

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Coral reefs are one of the marine tourism potentials that need to be managed in a sustainable manner by looking at the suitability of tourism and the carrying capacity of the environment. Data on the potential for coral reefs will support government programs related to conservation and rehabilitation of coastal and marine ecosystems as a focus area for maritime research. This study aims to determine the potential and percentage of coral reef cover, know the tourism suitability index and environmental carrying capacity, know the direction of coral reef ecosystem management. The research method is using UPT (Underwater Photo Transect), as well as measurement of environmental parameters on Larea-rea Island. Data analysis using CPCe 4.1 software, and Arcgis 10.8 (Kismanto et.al, 2018). Than, an analysis of the suitability of diving tourism and an analysis of the carrying capacity of the area is carried out (Yulianda, 2018).Coral reefs are one of the marine tourism potentials that need to be managed in a sustainable manner by looking at the suitability of tourism and the carrying capacity of the environment. Data on the potential for coral reefs will support government programs related to conservation and rehabilitation of coastal and marine ecosystems as a focus area for maritime research. This study aims to determine the potential and percentage of coral reef cover, know the tourism suitability index and environmental carrying capacity, know the direction of coral reef ecosystem management. The research method is using UPT (Underwater Photo Transect), as well as measurement of environmental parameters on Larea-rea Island. Data analysis using CPCe 4.1 software, and Arcgis 10.8 (Kismanto et.al, 2018). Than, an analysis of the suitability of diving tourism and an analysis of the carrying capacity of the area is carried out (Yulianda, 2018). The results of this study indicate that the percentage of potential coral reef cover at all stations is 10-36%, indicating that the coral condition is not good (according to the conditions). Damage to coral reef ecosystems due to environmentally unfriendly fishing activities (Wardani, 2018). The number of lifeform types ranged from 8-12, while the number of fish species obtained was 37-44 species. The suitability class category based on the results of the analysis at the three stations obtained the appropriate category (S2), with a percentage of the IKW value of 50-67% (Yulianda, 2018). Then, area carrying capacity (DDK) in the diving tourism category is an average of 528 people / day from the three stations. Management and development of marine tourism can be done by determining the zone of utilization and rehabilitation of coral reef ecosystems, as well as limiting visitors for certain periods to reduce the potential impact of environmental degradation.

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Simonson, Shawn R. "Using Environmental Physiology to Teach Physiological Regulation." Education Sciences 12, no. 1 (December 24, 2021): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/educsci12010006.

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Environmental Physiology at Boise State University, Idaho, is a multidisciplinary course that expands students’ understanding of human regulatory physiology through acute and chronic responses to environmental extremes. Students explore the physics (pressure, fluid dynamics, gas laws, sound, and light) of the underwater environment, marine flora and fauna adaptations to this environment, and the human experience within this environment. Included is completion of the Professional Association of Dive Instructors (PADI) Open Water Scuba Certification. The course culminates in an international dive trip where course concepts are further demonstrated and explored, and conservation activities are undertaken.

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Cognetti, G. "Conservation of Marine environments in the Mediterranean." Marine Pollution Bulletin 21, no. 3 (March 1990): 115–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0025-326x(90)90545-j.

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Maalik, Umeed. "Marine Conservation from Microplastics." International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research 12, no. 5 (May 25, 2021): 1112–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.14299/ijser.2021.05.06.

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Environment is in continuous change to serve life in various forms on land and water. The cost of these services result negative changes in environment resulting pollution. It moves to oceans either it is generated inside or outside. Plastic pollution is most irreparable among these. It tends to minimize and stop environmental rich activities. Furthermore it moves towards destruction of physical and biological systems in marine environments. It results ecosystems damage and economy failure.

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Braid, John. "Conserving Marine Environments: Out of Sight Out of Mind." Pacific Conservation Biology 11, no. 3 (2005): 223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc050223.

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This publication comprises proceedings of a marine conservation forum. Why are marine environments ?out of sight out of mind?? Good question, however, I was a little disappointed to find that generally it was not addressed and consequently, I do not believe that this forum has done much to progress marine conservation. For the most part it was only Harry Recher?s forward and the Summary paper by Pat Hutchings and Dan Lunney, which made an attempt to answer this question; they argued for, at least to some extent, the human aspect of marine conservation. That might be a little unfair on Sarah Fairfull and Robert Williams, who in presenting the new age of regional delivery of natural resource management through acknowledged peak regional groups, also acknowledge the role that communities can now serve in setting conservation priorities.

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Deacon, Robert T., and Dominic P. Parker. "Encumbering harvest rights to protect marine environments: a model of marine conservation easements*." Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics 53, no. 1 (January 2009): 37–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8489.2007.00429.x.

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Venegas‐Li, Rubén, Noam Levin, Hugh Possingham, and Salit Kark. "3D spatial conservation prioritisation: Accounting for depth in marine environments." Methods in Ecology and Evolution 9, no. 3 (October 12, 2017): 773–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/2041-210x.12896.

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Hillebrand, Helmut, Ute Jacob, and Heather M. Leslie. "Integrative research perspectives on marine conservation." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 375, no. 1814 (November 2, 2020): 20190444. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0444.

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Whereas the conservation and management of biodiversity has become a key issue in environmental sciences and policy in general, the conservation of marine biodiversity faces additional challenges such as the challenges of accessing field sites (e.g. polar, deep sea), knowledge gaps regarding biodiversity trends, high mobility of many organisms in fluid environments, and ecosystem-specific obstacles to stakeholder engagement and governance. This issue comprises contributions from a diverse international group of scientists in a benchmarking volume for a common research agenda on marine conservation. We begin by addressing information gaps on marine biodiversity trends through novel approaches and technologies, then linking such information to ecosystem functioning through a focus on traits. We then leverage the knowledge of these relationships to inform theory aiming at predicting the future composition and functioning of marine communities. Finally, we elucidate the linkages between marine ecosystems and human societies by examining economic, management and governance approaches that contribute to effective marine conservation in practice. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Integrative research perspectives on marine conservation’.

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Ward, Delphi, Jessica Melbourne-Thomas, Gretta T. Pecl, Karen Evans, Madeline Green, Phillipa C. McCormack, Camilla Novaglio, et al. "Safeguarding marine life: conservation of biodiversity and ecosystems." Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries 32, no. 1 (March 2022): 65–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11160-022-09700-3.

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AbstractMarine ecosystems and their associated biodiversity sustain life on Earth and hold intrinsic value. Critical marine ecosystem services include maintenance of global oxygen and carbon cycles, production of food and energy, and sustenance of human wellbeing. However marine ecosystems are swiftly being degraded due to the unsustainable use of marine environments and a rapidly changing climate. The fundamental challenge for the future is therefore to safeguard marine ecosystem biodiversity, function, and adaptive capacity whilst continuing to provide vital resources for the global population. Here, we use foresighting/hindcasting to consider two plausible futures towards 2030: a business-as-usual trajectory (i.e. continuation of current trends), and a more sustainable but technically achievable future in line with the UN Sustainable Development Goals. We identify key drivers that differentiate these alternative futures and use these to develop an action pathway towards the desirable, more sustainable future. Key to achieving the more sustainable future will be establishing integrative (i.e. across jurisdictions and sectors), adaptive management that supports equitable and sustainable stewardship of marine environments. Conserving marine ecosystems will require recalibrating our social, financial, and industrial relationships with the marine environment. While a sustainable future requires long-term planning and commitment beyond 2030, immediate action is needed to avoid tipping points and avert trajectories of ecosystem decline. By acting now to optimise management and protection of marine ecosystems, building upon existing technologies, and conserving the remaining biodiversity, we can create the best opportunity for a sustainable future in 2030 and beyond.

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Gregory, David, Poul Jensen, and Kristiane Strætkvern. "Conservation and in situ preservation of wooden shipwrecks from marine environments." Journal of Cultural Heritage 13, no. 3 (September 2012): S139—S148. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.culher.2012.03.005.

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Vilenica, Marina, Laurent Vuataz, and Zohar Yanai. "Introduction to the Special Issue “Aquatic Insects: Biodiversity, Ecology, and Conservation Challenges”." Diversity 14, no. 7 (July 18, 2022): 573. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d14070573.

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Monaghan, Pat. "Relevance of the Behaviour of Seabirds to the Conservation of Marine Environments." Oikos 77, no. 2 (November 1996): 227. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3546061.

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Berry, A. J. "Ecology and conservation of Southeast Asian Marine and freshwater environments including Wetlands." Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 192, no. 1 (October 1995): 145–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-0981(95)90051-9.

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Hofman, Karen, Karen Hughes, and Gabrielle Walters. "Effective conservation behaviours for protecting marine environments: the views of the experts." Journal of Sustainable Tourism 28, no. 10 (May 3, 2020): 1460–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2020.1741597.

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Ganesan, Sathiyanarayanan, Mathilde Monachon, Sarah M. James, and Edith Joseph. "Microbes for Archaeological Wood Conservation." CHIMIA 76, no. 9 (September 21, 2022): 772. http://dx.doi.org/10.2533/chimia.2022.772.

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This project focuses on innovative biological methods of extraction for the preservation of waterlogged wood suffering from salt precipitation and acidification. The principal investigator and her team proposed to exploit biomineralization capacities of some bacteria for anticipating the extraction of iron and sulfur compounds when wood is still wet. A comprehensive assessment of the extraction performances achieved on wood objects from lake and marine environments will allow a versatile extraction method to be proposed to end-users.

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Kenchington, Richard A., and Mary T. Agardy. "Achieving Marine Conservation Through Biosphere Reserve Planning and Management." Environmental Conservation 17, no. 1 (1990): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892900017276.

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Most marine ecosystems present priorities for conservation which are different from, but no less urgent than, those of terrestrial systems. These priorities relate to understanding and regulating human use and impact within the large scale, and the high but variable degree of connectivity of marine systems. The identification and preservation of remnant examples of marine ecosystems, otherwise destroyed by human activity, is generally less of an issue than it is for terrestrial conservation. As a consequence, the needs of marine conservation are not readily addressed by models developed for terrestrial ecosystems, which are based on excluding or severely limiting human access in managed areas. An exception is the philosophy of the Biosphere Reserve, developed as part of the UNESCO Man and the Biosphere Programme. This appears particularly appropriate to marine environments, as it focuses on managing human activities and impacts within the sustainable capacity of the ecosystem.

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Flint, Jaylene, Mark Flint, Colin James Limpus, and Paul Mills. "Status of marine turtle rehabilitation in Queensland." PeerJ 5 (March 28, 2017): e3132. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3132.

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Rehabilitation of marine turtles in Queensland has multifaceted objectives. It treats individual animals, serves to educate the public, and contributes to conservation. We examined the outcome from rehabilitation, time in rehabilitation, and subsequent recapture and restranding rates of stranded marine turtles between 1996 and 2013 to determine if the benefits associated with this practice are cost-effective as a conservation tool. Of 13,854 marine turtles reported as stranded during this 18-year period, 5,022 of these turtles were stranded alive with the remainder verified as dead or of unknown condition. A total of 2,970 (59%) of these live strandings were transported to a rehabilitation facility. Overall, 1,173/2,970 (39%) turtles were released over 18 years, 101 of which were recaptured: 77 reported as restrandings (20 dead, 13 alive subsequently died, 11 alive subsequently euthanized, 33 alive) and 24 recaptured during normal marine turtle population monitoring or fishing activities. Of the turtles admitted to rehabilitation exhibiting signs of disease, 88% of them died, either unassisted or by euthanasia and 66% of turtles admitted for unknown causes of stranding died either unassisted or by euthanasia. All turtles recorded as having a buoyancy disorder with no other presenting problem or disorder recorded, were released alive. In Queensland, rehabilitation costs approximately $1,000 per animal per year admitted to a center, $2,583 per animal per year released, and $123,750 per animal per year for marine turtles which are presumably successfully returned to the functional population. This practice may not be economically viable in its present configuration, but may be more cost effective as a mobile response unit. Further there is certainly benefit giving individual turtles a chance at survival and educating the public in the perils facing marine turtles. As well, rehabilitation can provide insight into the diseases and environmental stressors causing stranding, arming researchers with information to mitigate negative impacts.

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ZACHARIAS, MARK A., and EDWARD J. GREGR. "Sensitivity and Vulnerability in Marine Environments: an Approach to Identifying Vulnerable Marine Areas." Conservation Biology 19, no. 1 (February 2005): 86–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2005.00148.x.

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McCormack, Fiona. "The Kermadec Ocean Sanctuary: Terraqueous Territorialization and Māori Marine Environments." Pacific Affairs 94, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 77–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5509/202194177.

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This paper interprets the disrupted establishment of the Kermadec Ocean Sanctuary, a 620,000 square kilometre marine protection area, as a crucial moment in Pacific frontier making. The development of large-scale protected marine areas is a politically charged frontier tool, in which states garner international recognition and environmental renown by setting aside large swathes of their exclusive economic zones. In the Kermadec Sanctuary, this enclosure hit against an assemblage of Indigenous histories, ecologies, repatriated fishing rights, and privatized fishing quota challenging the oftmarginalized agency of Indigenous people in frontier narratives. This paper argues that three factors are fundamental to untangling this conflict: first, the historical trajectory of terraqueous territorialization in the Kermadec region, second, the post-Treaty of Waitangi settlement dynamics of Maori marine environments, and third, the common ecosystem services model underlying conservation and extraction.

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Coratza, Paola, Vittoria Vandelli, Lara Fiorentini, Guido Paliaga, and Francesco Faccini. "Bridging Terrestrial and Marine Geoheritage: Assessing Geosites in Portofino Natural Park (Italy)." Water 11, no. 10 (October 11, 2019): 2112. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11102112.

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Interest in geoheritage research has grown over the past 25 years and several countries have issued laws to encourage improvement and conservation. Investigations on geosites are prevalently carried out on land environments, although the study of underwater marine environments is also of paramount scientific importance. Nevertheless, due to the constraints of underwater environments, these sites have been little explored, also on account of the higher costs and difficulties of surveying. This research has identified and assessed the terrestrial and marine geosites of the Portofino Natural Park and Protected Marine Area, which are internationally famous owing to both the land scenic features and the quality of the marine ecosystem. The goal was to pinpoint the most suitable sites for tourist improvement and fruition and identify possible connections between the two environments. In all, 28 terrestrial sites and 27 marine sites have been identified and their scientific value as well as their ecological, cultural, and aesthetic importance has been assessed. In addition, accessibility, services, and economic potential of geosites has also been taken into account. Both the updated database of terrestrial and marine geosites in the Portofino protected areas and the assessment procedure adopted can become useful tools for the managers of these sites and provide decision-makers with possible strategies for tourist development.

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Harris, Peter T., Miles Macmillan-Lawler, Lars Kullerud, and Jake C. Rice. "Arctic marine conservation is not prepared for the coming melt." ICES Journal of Marine Science 75, no. 1 (August 11, 2017): 61–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsx153.

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Abstract As the summer minimum in Arctic sea ice cover reduces in area year by year due to anthropogenic global climate change, so interest grows in the un-tapped oil, gas and fisheries resources that were previously concealed beneath. We show that existing marine protected areas in the Arctic Ocean offer little or no protection to many habitats and deep seafloor features that coincide spatially with areas likely to be of interest to industry. These habitats are globally unique, hosting Arctic species within pristine environments that are currently undergoing rapid adjustment to climate-induced changes in ocean dynamics, species migration and primary production. They are invaluable as reference points for conservation monitoring and assessment. The existing Arctic marine protected area network needs to be expanded in order to protect these habitats and be fully coordinated with other spatial and non-spatial measures intended to protect Arctic habitats and ensure any uses of Arctic marine or subsea resources are sustainable.

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Ritter, Fabian. "The Encyclopedia of Tourism and Recreation in Marine Environments." Aquatic Mammals 36, no. 2 (June 1, 2010): 213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1578/am.36.2.2010.213.

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Able, Kenneth W. "Natural history: an approach whose time has come, passed, and needs to be resurrected†." ICES Journal of Marine Science 73, no. 9 (April 22, 2016): 2150–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsw049.

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AbstractThe development of our understanding of fish and other marine fauna, including my own over several decades, has proceeded from basic natural history to ecology and evolution, but we often need to return to natural history to address deficiencies in our attempts to manage fisheries, conserve habitats, and model ecosystems. This resurrection of natural history is still needed because of the complex life history of fish, and many other marine fauna, and the lack of appreciation of shifting baselines in marine environments. These inadequacies are especially evident when we try to address the effects of human influences, e.g. fishing, urbanization, and climate change relative to fisheries management and conservation. A solution lies in the rebirth of natural history studies, especially at “places” such as marine field stations. Long-term monitoring, especially, continues to provide critical insights. All of these approaches are limited by inadequate appreciation and, as a result, funding. The solutions are largely site and investigation specific but would be enhanced by a greater appreciation of the advantages of comprehensive, long-term studies in natural environments, especially with regard to the increasing worldwide emphasis on conservation and habitat restoration.

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Schröder, Winfried, Roland Pesch, and Günther Schmidt. "Statistical classification of terrestrial and marine ecosystems for environmental planning." Landscape Online 2 (October 13, 2007): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3097/lo.200702.

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Environmental planning is an instrument for the operationalisation of the precautionary principle in environmental law and, to this end, must rely on maps depicting the spatial patterns of ecological attributes of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems and of environmental change effects, respectively. In this context, different mapping techniques are presented by example of three case studies covering terrestrial, coastal and marine environments. The first case study was selected to demonstrate how to compute an ecological land classification of Germany by means of CART. The resulting ecoregions were mapped by GIS. This CARTography enables to regionalise metal bioaccumulation data in terms of 21 ecological land categories and to prove the specifity of emission control measures as being part of environmental policies. The second investigation was chosen to apply for the first time in Germany the regionalisation approach to the research of climate change effects in terms of past, recent and potential future incidences of Anopheles sp. and malaria in Lower Saxony. To investigate whether malaria might be transmitted due to increasing air temperatures, data sets on past and future air temperatures were used to spatially model malaria risk areas. The third example demonstrates the transfer of the CARTography approach presented in the first case study from terrestrial to marine environments. We analysed the statistical relations between data on benthic communities and physical properties of their marine environments by means of CART and applied these rules to geodata which only describe physical characteristics of the benthic habitats. By this, those parts of the sea ground could be predicted where certain benthic communities might occur.

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Evans, Tyler G., and Gretchen E. Hofmann. "Defining the limits of physiological plasticity: how gene expression can assess and predict the consequences of ocean change." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 367, no. 1596 (June 19, 2012): 1733–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2012.0019.

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Anthropogenic stressors, such as climate change, are driving fundamental shifts in the abiotic characteristics of marine ecosystems. As the environmental aspects of our world's oceans deviate from evolved norms, of major concern is whether extant marine species possess the capacity to cope with such rapid change. In what many scientists consider the post-genomic era, tools that exploit the availability of DNA sequence information are being increasingly recognized as relevant to questions surrounding ocean change and marine conservation. In this review, we highlight the application of high-throughput gene-expression profiling, primarily transcriptomics, to the field of marine conservation physiology. Through the use of case studies, we illustrate how gene expression can be used to standardize metrics of sub-lethal stress, track organism condition in natural environments and bypass phylogenetic barriers that hinder the application of other physiological techniques to conservation. When coupled with fine-scale monitoring of environmental variables, gene-expression profiling provides a powerful approach to conservation capable of informing diverse issues related to ocean change, from coral bleaching to the spread of invasive species. Integrating novel approaches capable of improving existing conservation strategies, including gene-expression profiling, will be critical to ensuring the ecological and economic health of the global ocean.

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Unsworth, Richard K. F., Leanne C. Cullen-Unsworth, Benjamin L. H. Jones, and Richard J. Lilley. "The planetary role of seagrass conservation." Science 377, no. 6606 (August 5, 2022): 609–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abq6923.

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Seagrasses are remarkable plants that have adapted to live in a marine environment. They form extensive meadows found globally that bioengineer their local environments and preserve the coastal seascape. With the increasing realization of the planetary emergency that we face, there is growing interest in using seagrasses as a nature-based solution for greenhouse gas mitigation. However, seagrass sensitivity to stressors is acute, and in many places, the risk of loss and degradation persists. If the ecological state of seagrasses remains compromised, then their ability to contribute to nature-based solutions for the climate emergency and biodiversity crisis remains in doubt. We examine the major ecological role that seagrasses play and how rethinking their conservation is critical to understanding their part in fighting our planetary emergency.

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Skov, H., S. Heinänen, CB Thaxter, AE Williams, S. Lohier, and AN Banks. "Real-time species distribution models for conservation and management of natural resources in marine environments." Marine Ecology Progress Series 542 (January 19, 2016): 221–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps11572.

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SUTTON, STEPHEN G., and RENAE C. TOBIN. "Recreational fishers' attitudes towards the 2004 rezoning of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park." Environmental Conservation 36, no. 3 (September 2009): 245–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892909990270.

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SUMMARYWith the marine environment under increasing threat from multiple sources, the ability of managers to generate support from stakeholders will be vital for the success of conservation initiatives. In 2004, a new zoning plan for the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park increased no-take areas from 4.5% to 33% of the total Park area. The aims of this study were to measure recreational fishers' level of support for the plan and understand how they form attitudes towards conservation initiatives in the Park. A survey of Great Barrier Reef Marine Park recreational fishers conducted three years after implementation of the new zoning plan revealed that 68% of fishers believed that, in general, rezoning the Marine Park was a good idea, whereas 57% supported the actual zoning plan that was implemented. A majority of fishers believed that rezoning the Marine Park was necessary, that the new zoning plan had high conservation value, and that the plan had little impact on their recreational fishing activity. However, most fishers had low to moderate satisfaction with the programme used to consult the public throughout the rezoning process. Logistic regression models revealed a strong relationship between level of support for the plan and fishers' perceptions about the necessity of the plan and its conservation value, the adequacy of the consultation process, and the impact of the plan on their fishing activity. Results indicate that recreational fishers can be strong supporters of conservation initiatives in the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park if these initiatives are consistent with their values, and if efforts are made to engage them in the decision making process. These results will enhance the ability of managers to generate support from the recreational fishing community for conservation initiatives in marine environments.

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Pickens, Bradley A., Rua S. Mordecai, C. Ashton Drew, Louise B. Alexander-Vaughn, Amy S. Keister, Hilary L. C. Morris, and Jaime A. Collazo. "Indicator-Driven Conservation Planning Across Terrestrial, Freshwater Aquatic, and Marine Ecosystems of the South Atlantic, USA." Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management 8, no. 1 (April 1, 2017): 219–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3996/062016-jfwm-044.

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Abstract Systematic conservation planning, a widely used approach to identify priority lands and waters, uses efficient, defensible, and transparent methods aimed at conserving biodiversity and ecological systems. Limited financial resources and competing land uses can be major impediments to conservation; therefore, participation of diverse stakeholders in the planning process is advantageous to help address broad-scale threats and challenges of the 21st century. Although a broad extent is needed to identify core areas and corridors for fish and wildlife populations, a fine-scale resolution is needed to manage for multiple, interconnected ecosystems. Here, we developed a conservation plan using a systematic approach to promote landscape-level conservation within the extent of the South Atlantic Landscape Conservation Cooperative. Our objective was to identify the highest-ranked 30% of lands and waters within the South Atlantic deemed necessary to conserve ecological and cultural integrity for the 10 primary ecosystems of the southeastern United States. These environments varied from terrestrial, freshwater aquatic, and marine. The planning process was driven by indicators of ecosystem integrity at a 4-ha resolution. We used the program Zonation and 28 indicators to optimize the identification of lands and waters to meet the stated objective. A novel part of our study was the prioritization of multiple ecosystems, and we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this approach. The evaluation of indicator representation within prioritizations was a useful method to show where improvements could be made; some indicators dictated hotspots, some had a limited extent and were well represented, and others had a limited effect. Overall, we demonstrate that a broad-scale (408,276 km2 of terrestrial and 411,239 km2 of marine environments) conservation plan can be realized at a fine-scale resolution, which will allow implementation of the regional plan at a local level relevant to decision making.

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Poxton, M. G. "Towards a strategy for the conservation of marine fish in Scotland." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. Section B. Biological Sciences 100 (1992): 141–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269727000011118.

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SynopsisThis paper reviews the status of marine fish populations in Scottish waters and considers current and potential threats. The inshore environments considered (shallow sandy bays, deeper and muddier areas, sea lochs, estuaries and firths) can be characterised by fish communities of 20-50 species, with some 20 species being present at any one locality. All of them functioned as nursery areas for commercial species and as habitats for smaller non-commercial residents. As few as 3-5 species were dominant, in terms of both numbers and biomass, in each habitat. More species occurred on the open shelf (over 200 ?) with up to 90 being taken regularly, but only 10 species accounted for 90% of both total biomass (in each of three North Sea areas) and commercial landings in Scotland by U.K. vessels. Mackerel (32.3%), herring (20.4%) and haddock (14.7%) dominated the landings. Both coastal fish communities and shelf stocks of commercial species have historically suffered from over-exploitation, a situation that has continued to date despite changes in management leading to their supposed protection. Other threats are identified, as is the need for conservation, while some legislative and research recommendations are made.

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Bedoya Gutierréz, Mónica Andrea, Jorge Iván Tobón, Tatiana Correa-Herrera, and Juan Diego Correa-Rendón. "Biological and physicochemical evaluation of mortar as substrate for manufacturing artificial reef." Boletín de Ciencias de la Tierra, no. 40 (July 1, 2016): 55–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/rbct.n40.55818.

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Due to several deterioration of coral reefs around the world, h as increased the need to rehabilitate marine environments. Arti ficial reefs have been proposed as a tool for conservation of these ecosystems. A s part of an initiative to develop modules forming artificial r eefs made of ecological concrete for the conservation of the biodiversity in the Colombian Caribbean; this work constitutes a starting poin t. During eleven months two trapezoidal plates were submerged near to Isla Palma , Colombian Caribbean; plates were fabricated in concrete with portland cement and the aggregates were replaced by ceramic waste. After biolog ical and physicochemical evaluations of the material exposed to marine environment was concluded that this is a favorable substrate fo r the coral reefs, and the plates were colonized by more than 3 0% of its surface by marine organisms, their structure found internally stable, a nd there were no adverse effect s on marine biota near the test site.

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Laakmann, Silke, Leocadio Blanco-Bercial, and Astrid Cornils. "The crossover from microscopy to genes in marine diversity: from species to assemblages in marine pelagic copepods." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 375, no. 1814 (November 2, 2020): 20190446. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0446.

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An accurate identification of species and communities is a prerequisite for analysing and recording biodiversity and community shifts. In the context of marine biodiversity conservation and management, this review outlines past, present and forward-looking perspectives on identifying and recording planktonic diversity by illustrating the transition from traditional species identification based on morphological diagnostic characters to full molecular genetic identification of marine assemblages. In this process, the article presents the methodological advancements by discussing progress and critical aspects of the crossover from traditional to novel and future molecular genetic identifications and it outlines the advantages of integrative approaches using the strengths of both morphological and molecular techniques to identify species and assemblages. We demonstrate this process of identifying and recording marine biodiversity on pelagic copepods as model taxon. Copepods are known for their high taxonomic and ecological diversity and comprise a huge variety of behaviours, forms and life histories, making them a highly interesting and well-studied group in terms of biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. Furthermore, their short life cycles and rapid responses to changing environments make them good indicators and core research components for ecosystem health and status in the light of environmental change. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Integrative research perspectives on marine conservation’.

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Delgado, Juan D., and Rodrigo Riera. "Anthropogenic disturbances and conservation of coastal environments in an oceanic archipelago." Revista de Gestão Costeira Integrada 20, no. 4 (December 2020): 249–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5894/rgci-n267.

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Oceanic islands are biotically fragile environments prone to suffer irreversible anthropogenic disturbances. The growth of the human population and the intensive occupation of the coastline are the cause of great ecological pressure on global insular coastal ecosystems. We review the current situation and future scenarios on a paradigmatic oceanic archipelago (Canary Islands, NE Atlantic Ocean), as a case study of the human footprint on marine coastal communities. The role of humans is pivotal, as we directly affect patterns of coastal occupation, pollution, invasive species or fishing. Here we synthesize the information that describes the current situation of the coastal ecosystems of the Canary Islands, indicating the main sources of environmental conflict and impacts. In addition, we review the state of the most relevant or threatened habitats and the taxonomic groups as actors of the main disturbances in the coastal ecosystems of the archipelago. We propose future general scenarios about expected changes, and foreseeable interactions that could occur to transform the coastal environments of the islands, in order to indicate areas susceptible to improvement for the conservation of these ecosystems. Integrative coastal actions are urgently needed for sustainable future scenarios to oppose deleterious trends such as tropicalization, fisheries collapse and extensive coastal degradation due to urbanization and infrastructure construction.

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Fazli, H., and Teo Wee. "Rehabilitation of RC Structures Exposed to Salinity and Moisture Using CFRP." Applied Mechanics and Materials 567 (June 2014): 488–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.567.488.

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Marine concrete structures such as harbors, ports and bridges are exposed simultaneously to the action of physical and chemical deterioration processes. Deterioration of marine concrete structures and its rehabilitation are challenges of the world of today. Recently, the increasing usage of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composite appears to be a solution for rehabilitation and strengthening of the concrete structures because of its physical and mechanical properties, such as high strength-to-weight ratio, high corrosion /environmental degradation resistance, and easy to handle during construction. In general, rehabilitation of concrete structures is usually done by two types of materials, it is either using cementitious or advanced composite materials. The aim of this paper is to address the issues and challenges of concrete structures in marine environments and strengthening these structures. In the initial part of this paper, an overview of the problems associated with marine environment on concrete structure will be discussed.

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Azevedo, E., M. F. Caeiro, R. Rebelo, and M. Barata. "Biodiversity and characterization of marine mycota from Portuguese waters." Animal Biodiversity and Conservation 34, no. 1 (2011): 205–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.32800/abc.2011.34.0205.

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The occurrence, diversity and similarity of marine fungi detected by the sum of direct and indirect observations in Fagus sylvatica and Pinus pinaster baits submerged at two Portuguese marinas are analyzed and discussed. In comparison with the data already published in 2010, the higher number of specimens considered in this study led to the higher number of very frequent taxa for these environments and substrata; the significant difference in substrata and also in fungal diversity detected at the two environments is also highlighted, in addition to the decrease in fungal similarity. Because the identification of Lulworthia spp., Fusarium sp., Graphium sp., Phoma sp. and Stachybotrys sp. down to species level was not possible, based only on the morphological characterization, a molecular approach based on the amplification of the LSU rDNA region was performed with isolates of these fungi. This was achieved for three isolates, identified as Fusarium solani, Graphium eumorphum and Stachybotrys chartarum. To achieve this with the other isolates which are more complex taxa, the sequencing of more regions will be considered.

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Drane, Kezia, Roger Huerlimann, Michelle Power, Anna Whelan, Ellen Ariel, Madoc Sheehan, and Robert Kinobe. "Testudines as Sentinels for Monitoring the Dissemination of Antibiotic Resistance in Marine Environments: An Integrative Review." Antibiotics 10, no. 7 (June 25, 2021): 775. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10070775.

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Dissemination of antibiotic resistance (AR) in marine environments is a global concern with a propensity to affect public health and many ecosystems worldwide. We evaluated the use of sea turtles as sentinel species for monitoring AR in marine environments. In this field, antibiotic-resistant bacteria have been commonly identified by using standard culture and sensitivity tests, leading to an overrepresentation of specific, culturable bacterial classes in the available literature. AR was detected against all major antibiotic classes, but the highest cumulative global frequency of resistance in all represented geographical sites was against the beta-lactam class by a two-fold difference compared to all other antibiotics. Wastewater facilities and turtle rehabilitation centres were associated with higher incidences of multidrug-resistant bacteria (MDRB) accounting for an average of 58% and 49% of resistant isolates, respectively. Furthermore, a relatively similar prevalence of MDRB was seen in all studied locations. These data suggest that anthropogenically driven selection pressures for the development of AR in sea turtles and marine environments are relatively similar worldwide. There is a need, however, to establish direct demonstrable associations between AR in sea turtles in their respective marine environments with wastewater facilities and other anthropogenic activities worldwide.

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Genitsaris, Savvas. "Biodiversity of Marine Microbes." Diversity 12, no. 6 (June 16, 2020): 247. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d12060247.

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The Special Issue entitled “Biodiversity of Marine Microbes” aimed at highlighting the significance of marine microbes as primary producers, their participation in complex processes and interactions with both the biotic and the abiotic environment, and their important roles in biogeochemical cycles and ecosystem functioning. The issue includes five research papers, covering the diversity and composition of marine microbial communities representing all three domains of life in various marine environments, including coastal eutrophic areas, ice waters, and lagoons. One paper examined the diversity and succession of bacterial and archaeal communities from coastal waters in mesocosm experiments. The combination of classical tools with novel technological advances offers the opportunity to answer fundamental questions and shed light on the complex and diverse life of marine microbes.

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Carneiro, Pedro Bastos de Macêdo, Antônio Rodrigues Ximenes Neto, Caroline Vieira Feitosa, Cristiane Xerez Barroso, Helena Matthews-Cascon, Marcelo de Oliveira Soares, and Tito Monteiro da Cruz Lotufo. "MARINE HARDBOTTOM ENVIRONMENTS IN THE BEACHES OF CEARÁ STATE, EQUATORIAL COAST OF BRAZIL." Arquivos de Ciências do Mar 54, no. 2 (December 20, 2021): 120–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.32360/acmar.v54i2.61440.

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This paper is a literature review on marine hardbottom environments (MHE) that emerge in coastal regions in the Brazilian state of Ceará. This stretch of the Brazilian coast houses several rock formations, which are widely distributed in the intertidal zone. These formations have various origins and composition, ranging from crystalline rocks to biogenic structures, but most are composed by sandstones. These substrates support biodiverse ecosystems that produce valuable environmental goods and services, which have historical and socioeconomic relevance for the state. Despite their importance, they are currently threatened by various types of local and global stressors, and a consistent government effort to protect them is still lacking. There are many knowledge gaps regarding these formations and new studies are needed to support conservation actions involving these ecosystems. Keywords: reef, beachrock, sandstone, intertidal zone, benthos

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Beck, Michael W., and Mami Odaya. "Ecoregional planning in marine environments: identifying priority sites for conservation in the northern Gulf of Mexico." Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 11, no. 4 (2001): 235–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aqc.449.

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LAUER, MATTHEW. "Changing understandings of local knowledge in island environments." Environmental Conservation 44, no. 4 (June 8, 2017): 336–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892917000303.

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SUMMARYIsland ecosystems have rich marine biodiversity and high levels of terrestrial endemism, but are potentially the most vulnerable to climate change and anthropogenic stressors. To effectively manage environments, scholars and conservation practitioners have increasingly turned their attention to local islander knowledge (LK) and practices. To date, much of the literature treats LK definitionally rather than examining its theoretical underpinnings. This review focuses explicitly on the concept of LK and it describes three discernible phases of research marked by conceptual shifts. Over the 20th century, LK underwent a dramatic reversal from something understood as inferior and deficient to something that is valuable and empirically sound. This shift ushered in widespread acceptance of local islander knowledge as a unique, rich corpus of information that could be tapped by Western science to enhance community-based resource management. Over the last several decades, a third phase of LK research has emerged in which a more dynamic framing has developed, emphasizing LK's hybrid and adaptive dimensions, as well as its constitutive entanglements with other social–ecological processes. This has expanded the scope of inquiry into the strategies islanders employ as they adapt to changing social and environmental milieus, and as they attempt to co-produce knowledge with scientists and conservation practitioners.

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Hughes, Adam D., George Charalambides, Sofia C. Franco, Georgina Robinson, and Paul Tett. "Blue Nitrogen: A Nature-Based Solution in the Blue Economy as a Tool to Manage Terrestrial Nutrient Neutrality." Sustainability 14, no. 16 (August 16, 2022): 10182. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141610182.

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There is growing concern about the impact of rising nutrient loading on aquatic ecosystems and on human health, due to increased urbanisation and associated sewage effluents. This has led to a policy focus on land-use change or agricultural practice change as nutrient mitigation strategies, but these fail to consider the ultimate downstream receiving environments such as marine ecosystems. Within the UK there has been increasing recognition that housing density in certain sensitive locations is impacting the conservation status of marine features, through the increase in nutrient loading to the marine environment. In order to comply with the statutory obligations to protect these marine features, the competent authorities have required developers to mitigate the impact of these additional nutrients. Current approaches include converting agricultural land to woodland and wetland habitats that release less nitrogen than the agricultural land they replace. This difference is used to offset the nutrient loading from the new development, but such a terrestrial-focused catchment-based mass balance approach has a number of limitations. Current solutions for nutrient neutrality in the UK take a narrow land-focused approach that fails to acknowledge the potential contribution of the marine environments to mitigate nutrient enrichment. We propose that marine nature-based solutions offer an economically and ecologically viable alternative to terrestrial schemes, that can reduce the nitrogen loading to the marine environment, increase ecosystem service provision and increase biodiversity.

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Zeng, Yin-Xin, Hui-Rong Li, and Wei Luo. "Gene Transfer Agent g5 Gene Reveals Bipolar and Endemic Distribution of Roseobacter Clade Members in Polar Coastal Seawater." Diversity 14, no. 5 (May 14, 2022): 392. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d14050392.

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The Roseobacter clade represents one of the most abundant groups of marine bacteria and plays important biogeochemical roles in marine environments. Roseobacter genomes commonly contain a conserved gene transfer agent (GTA) gene cluster. A major capsid protein-encoding GTA (g5) has been used as a genetic marker to estimate the diversity of marine roseobacters. Here, the diversity of roseobacters in the coastal seawater of Arctic Kongsfjorden and Antarctic Maxwell Bay was investigated based on g5 gene clone library analysis. Four g5 gene clone libraries were constructed from microbial assemblages representing Arctic and Antarctic regions. The genus Phaeobacter was exclusively detected in Arctic seawater, whereas the genera Jannaschia, Litoreibacter and Pacificibacter were only observed in Antarctic seawater. More diverse genera within the Roseobacter clade were observed in Antarctic clones than in Arctic clones. The genera Sulfitobacter, Loktanella and Yoonia were dominant (higher than 10% of total clones) in both Arctic and Antarctic samples, implying their roles in polar marine environments. The results not only indicated a bipolar or even global distribution of roseobacters in marine environments but also showed their endemic distribution either in the Arctic or Antarctic. Endemic phylotypes were more frequently observed in polar regions than cosmopolitan phylotypes. In addition, endemic phylotypes were more abundant in Arctic samples (84.8% of Arctic sequences) than in Antarctic samples (54.3% of Antarctic sequences).

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Pontón-Cevallos, José, Ross G. Dwyer, Craig E. Franklin, and Ashley Bunce. "Understanding resource partitioning in sympatric seabirds living in tropical marine environments." Emu - Austral Ornithology 117, no. 1 (January 2, 2017): 31–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01584197.2016.1265431.

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Nepote, Ana Claudia, and Pedro Medina-Rosas. "Marine and ocean sciences in Mexico: living with our backs to the sea." Journal of Science Communication 20, no. 01 (February 1, 2021): C09. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/2.20010309.

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Despite Mexico has coasts in the Pacific and Atlantic oceans, people's connection towards the sea and marine environments is quite poor. Our commentary focuses on Mexico's coral reefs, relevant tropical ecosystems to human and oceanic welfare, and it emerges from the experience of the production of an itinerant coral reefs exhibit in Mexico, committed to the conservation and awareness of this threatened habitat. The UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development starts in 2021 and represents an opportunity to increase initiatives for public communication of science on marine and oceanic issues in Mexico and the world.

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Guarnieri, Giuseppe, and Francesco De Leo. "THE BLUE RESTORATION CONTRIBUTION TO FACE THE CHALLENGING SCALING-UP ISSUE OF MARINE CONSERVATION STRATEGIES IN THE NEXT DECADE." Arquivos de Ciências do Mar 55, Especial (March 18, 2022): 191–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.32360/acmar.v55iespecial.78187.

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The continuing degradation of marine ecosystems is widely highlighted as having a significant impact on services they provide for human well-being. To this end, especially during the last decade, numerous national, regional and international aspirations, targets and commitments have been made in order to reverse the detrimental trend affecting the ocean health, which is expected to accelerate in the immediate future. Restoration actions are becoming a common strategy to speed-up the recovery pathway of degraded ecosystems. This recognition also depends on the fact that, in some cases, in addition to traditional conservation strategies (e.g. Marine Protected Areas and Maritime Spatial Planning), “active” restoration may be the only politically feasible approach able to increase the flow of marine ecosystem services to stakeholders, ensuring, at the same time, the mitigation of threats to coastal environments in a reasonable time lag. Given the time-bound target aimed to effectively protect/restore on third of global ecosystems in the upcoming decade, concrete considerations about the potential for scaling-up the restoration interventions across coastal ecosystems are required to prioritise and improve the strategies aimed to cope the urgent conservation issues faced by marine ecosystems at global scale. Here, capitalizing on the most upgraded information on restoration efforts worldwide carried out over nearly five decades, a synthetic (but not exhaustive) analysis of progresses is showed, which could helps to better address the upscaling issue of marine conservation strategies in the immediate future. Keywords: marine ecosystem restoration, sustainable development, coastal habitats.

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Barone, Varrella, Tangherlini, Rastelli, Dell'Anno, Danovaro, and Corinaldesi. "Marine Fungi: Biotechnological Perspectives from Deep-Hypersaline Anoxic Basins." Diversity 11, no. 7 (July 16, 2019): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d11070113.

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Deep-sea hypersaline anoxic basins (DHABs) are one of the most hostile environments on Earth. Even though DHABs have hypersaline conditions, anoxia and high hydrostatic pressure, they host incredible microbial biodiversity. Among eukaryotes inhabiting these systems, recent studies demonstrated that fungi are a quantitatively relevant component. Here, fungi can benefit from the accumulation of large amounts of organic material. Marine fungi are also known to produce bioactive molecules. In particular, halophilic and halotolerant fungi are a reservoir of enzymes and secondary metabolites with valuable applications in industrial, pharmaceutical, and environmental biotechnology. Here we report that among the fungal taxa identified from the Mediterranean and Red Sea DHABs, halotolerant halophilic species belonging to the genera Aspergillus and Penicillium can be used or screened for enzymes and bioactive molecules. Fungi living in DHABs can extend our knowledge about the limits of life, and the discovery of new species and molecules from these environments can have high biotechnological potential.

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das Chagas, Rafael Anaisce, Rosana Esther Oliveira da Silva, Cibele Cristina Oeiras Freire, Mara Rúbia Ferreira Barros, Wagner César Rosa Dos Santos, Weverton John Pinheiro dos Santos, and Marko Herrmann. "Marine gastropods of Accra Beach, Barbados, North Atlantic Ocean." Neotropical Biology and Conservation 15, no. 2 (May 21, 2020): 121–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/neotropical.15.e49624.

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The widespread occurrence of marine gastropods in coastal regions is a straightforward evidence of successful adaptation to different environments. In the Caribbean Sea, as one of Conservation International’s biodiversity hotspots, little is known about the gastropod fauna, especially in the Eastern Caribbean. The present study contributed to bridge this gap by studying the biodiversity of gastropods from Accra Beach, Barbados. Throughout random collections in September 2015, we collected 321 gastropods, comprising eight species, distributed in three families (Neritidae: Nerita tessellata, N. fulgurans, N. versicolor and N. peloronta; Littorinidae: Echinolittorina ziczac, E. angustior and E. tuberculata; and Muricidae: Plicopurpura patula). Nerites were more abundant and diverse, highlighting N. tessellata, representing 66% of the sampled gastropods. This paper also reports the first record of N. fulgurans and E. angustior for the island of Barbados.

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Echevarría, Luciana, Alberto Gómez, Rafael Tejera, Marcela Caporale, Elena Vallvé, José Sciandro, and Tiago Machain. "Bases for a Marine Spatial Planning Strategy in Uruguay." Revista Costas 6, Vol Esp. 2 (June 2021): 91–126. http://dx.doi.org/10.26359/costas.e0521.

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This work focuses on the marine territory of Uruguay and, its objective is to synthesize the information on the set of sectors involved, to facilitate the analysis and integrated management, according to the principles of Marine Spatial Planning (MSP). It is organized in two main axes. First, presents the results of a consultation to the institutions involved on the possibilities of development in Uruguay of different institutional designs of MSP present in the international experience. In addition, resumes the information available on the Uruguayan marine space, including its jurisdictional limits, the areas of interest for ecological and heritage conservation, and the situation of each of the uses of the marine space, with the norms that regulate them. For each use, its deployment in the marine space was mapped in order to analyze its interaction patterns and its relationship with the different marine environments. The final section presents conclusions on the challenges that result from these patterns of dispersion and interaction, and from the institutional context.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Rehabilitation or conservation of marine environments'

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