Journal articles: 'Rehabilitation of Degraded Farmland'

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Zhao, Qian, Lei Yang, Xin Wang, Runcheng Bi, and Qindi Zhang. "Effects of two typical revegetation methods on soil moisture in the semi-arid Loess Plateau, China." Hydrology Research 50, no. 5 (July 17, 2019): 1453–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/nh.2019.011.

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Abstract Understanding the effects of vegetation on soil moisture is vital to the ecosystem restoration in water-restricted areas. For this study, the effects of introduced revegetation and natural revegetation on soil water (0–1.8 m) were investigated in the Chinese Loess Plateau, which was based on an in situ vegetation removal experiment and two years of soil moisture monitoring. The results indicated that under introduced revegetation, pasture grassland had lower soil moisture but higher temporal variations over the growing season. Compared with abandoned farmlands and native grasslands under natural revegetation, pasture grasslands revealed greater negative effects on deep soil moisture (1–1.8 m), which was difficult to recover following soil desiccation. In contrast, for abandoned farmlands and native grasslands, the surface soil moisture (0–0.4 m) was mainly impacted, which was easily replenished through rainfall events. These outcomes implied that natural revegetation, rather than introduced revegetation, should be the first choice in water-limited regions toward the rehabilitation of degraded ecosystems.

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Cañadas-López, Álvaro, Diana Rade-Loor, Marianna Siegmund-Schultze, Geovanny Moreira-Muñoz, J. Jesús Vargas-Hernández, and Christian Wehenkel. "Growth and Yield Models for Balsa Wood Plantations in the Coastal Lowlands of Ecuador." Forests 10, no. 9 (August 26, 2019): 733. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10090733.

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Balsa trees are native to neotropical forests and frequently grow on fallow, degraded land. Balsa can be used for economic and ecological rehabilitation of farmland with the aim of restoring native forest ecosystems. Although Ecuador is the world’s largest producer of balsa, there is a lack of knowledge about production indicators for management of balsa stands in the country. The aim of this study was to develop growth and yield models (i.e., site index (SI) curves and stem volume models) for balsa plantations in the coastal lowlands of Ecuador. Balsa trees growing in 2161 plots in seven provinces were sampled. Here we present the first growth and yield models for the native, although underutilized, balsa tree. Three curve models were fitted to determine SI for balsa stands, differentiating five site quality classes. Eight volume models were compared to identify the best fit model for balsa stands. The mean annual increment was used to assess balsa production. The generalized algebraic difference approach (GADA) equation yielded one of the best results for the height–age and diameter–age models. The Newnham model was the best volume model for balsa in this comparative study. The maximum annual increment (i.e., for the best stand index) was reached in the second year of plantation. The fitted models can be used to support management decisions regarding balsa plantations. However, the models are preliminary and must be validated with independent samples. Nevertheless, the very fast development of the native balsa tree is particularly promising and should attract more attention from forest owners and politicians.

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Kong, Tongwei, Binhui Liu, Mark Henderson, Wanying Zhou, Yuanhang Su, Shuai Wang, Ligang Wang, and Guibin Wang. "Effects of Shelterbelt Transformation on Soil Aggregates Characterization and Erodibility in China Black Soil Farmland." Agriculture 12, no. 11 (November 14, 2022): 1917. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12111917.

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Farmland shelterbelts are widely used to reduce wind erosion, maintaining the ecological and food security of the black soil plain region of northeast China. In recent years, the protective effect of shelterbelts has been reduced due to tree degeneration. Efforts have been made to transform the construction of shelterbelts to conserve the stability of soil aggregates and enhance protection against erosion, however, the results are not well understood. To evaluate the impact of shelterbelt transformation on the stability of farmland soil aggregates and soil erodibility, three transformation modes of shelterbelts were selected, including pure Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica (ZC), pure Picea asperata (YS), and mixed Populus × xiaohei–Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica (ZY), with a degraded Populus × xiaohei shelterbelt (TYC) used as a control. We set up soil sampling points at 0.5H, 1H, 1.5H, 3H, 5H, 7H, and 9H from the shelterbelts and analyzed aggregate composition, mean weight diameter (MWD), geometric mean diameter (GMD), fractal dimension (D), soil erodibility (K-value), and their relationships to soil properties of the 0–10 cm, 10–20 cm and 20–40 cm soil layers and the shelterbelt structure by using dry and wet sieving and equation estimation methods. The results show that dry (d) sieved soil samples from the transformed shelterbelt-protected farmlands are mainly composed of 2–5 mm and >5 mm grain size aggregates; the sum of the two particle sizes ranged from 48.67% to 51.27%, significantly larger than in the degraded shelterbelts (15.37%), decreasing with increasing distance from the shelterbelts. The effect is most obvious in the 0–10 cm soil layer. Wet (w) sieved soil samples are all dominated by <0.25 mm and 0.25–0.5 mm grain size aggregates; the sum of the two particle sizes ranged from 78.25% to 80.82%, which do not vary significantly with the mode of shelterbelts. The dMWD and dGMD show significantly higher mean values in samples from transformed shelterbelt-protected farmland than in soil from degraded shelterbelt-protected farmland; their magnitudes differ depending on the transformation mode, showing a pattern of ZC > ZY > YS and decreasing with increasing distance from shelterbelts, while the opposite is true for D and K. The difference between wMWD and wGMD for different shelterbelts protected farmland is not significant and is significantly lower than that between dMWD and dGMD. Clay and silt content was highly significantly positively correlated with aggregates dMWD and dGMD, weakly positively correlated with wMWD, wGMD and wD, and highly significantly negatively correlated with dD and K values. This shows that particle composition parameters can be used to reflect the sensitivity of agricultural soils to wind erosion. Farmland shelterbelt porosity is the main factor driving changes in soil aggregates stability, soil erodibility, and other soil properties. The transformation of degraded farmland shelterbelts can decrease the porosity and reduce wind speed, resulting in improved stability and erosion resistance of the farmland soil aggregates by increasing the clay content of the farmland soils. These results are useful in renovating degraded shelterbelts, providing novel insights into how to regulate the stability of soil aggregates and soil erodibility characteristics at the shelterbelt network scale.

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Wang, Yongsheng, and Yansui Liu. "New material for transforming degraded sandy land into productive farmland." Land Use Policy 92 (March 2020): 104477. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2020.104477.

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Cresswell, W., M. Hughes, R. Mellanby, S. Bright, P. Catry, J. Chaves, J. Freile, et al. "Densities and habitat preferences of Andean cloud-forest birds in pristine and degraded habitats in north-eastern Ecuador." Bird Conservation International 9, no. 2 (June 1999): 129–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270900002252.

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SummaryThe montane cloud-forests of the north-central Andes and the montane grassland and transitional elfin forest of the central Andean páramo contain a high diversity of bird species including several restricted range and uncommon species. Little is known of how densities of Andean cloud-forest species are affected by habitat degradation. Bird densities within pristine and degraded habitats at the Guandera Biological Reserve, Carchi province, Ecuador were recorded over a 10-week period. Densities were calculated for 48 species; where densities could be compared, 69% of species occurred at a higher density in pristine habitats. Pristine forest had the highest species richness with 72 species and páramo contained 44 species. In total, 26% of pristine forest species were only found in pristine forest, 39% of páramo species only in páramo, 13% of farmland species only in farmland and there were no exclusively secondary scrub species; 47% of species found in pristine forest, and 50% found in páramo were found in both secondary scrub and farmland. Restricted range species recorded at Guandera included the Carunculated Caracara Phalcobenus carunculatus, Black-thighed Puffleg Eriocnemis derbyi, Chestnut-bellied Cotinga Doliornis remseni, Crescent-faced Antpitta Grallaricula lineifrons, Masked Mountain-tanager Buthraupis wetmorei and Black-backed Bush-tanager Urothraupis stolzmanni. Three further species that occurred at Guandera of relatively local occurrence were the Grey-breasted Mountain Toucan Andigena hypoglauca, Golden-breasted Puffleg Eriocnemis mosquera and Mountain Avocetbill Opisthoprora euryptera. Of these nine species at least five used degraded habitats, while three occurred only in pristine treeline habitats.

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Reetsch, Kapp, Feger, Schwärzel, and Dornack. "Transforming Degraded Smallholder Farmland into Multi-Functional Land Use Systems: A Case Study From Tanzania." Proceedings 30, no. 1 (November 12, 2019): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019030016.

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In our research, we have studied smallholder farmers in degraded farming systems in Northwest Tanzania and have compared them with farm households who were trained in sustainable land management by a local Farmer Field School. Both groups of farmers were affected by severe environmental degradation and poor soil fertility, but trained farmers have transformed degraded farmland into fertile, multi-functional land use systems. In this presentation, we discuss the successes and failures of both groups of farmers and draw conclusions towards restoring degraded land use systems. Farmers without training cannot restore degraded farmland with traditional agricultural management alone and fail to produce enough food, fodder, biofuel, and timber to support the whole family. The reasons for their failure are manifold and include environmental and socio-economic dimensions, e.g., poor management of soils and farm waste, lacking adaptation to climate change, traditional gender roles, and the loss of knowledge and labour in HIV/AIDS-affected households. In comparison, trained farmers change nutrient management by using advanced composting techniques. They also cultivate a greater variety of crops and trees, introduce organic pesticide management, ease manure collection, construct vegetable gardens that are watered by drip irrigation in the dry season, change gender roles and communication structures. The main differences between both groups of farmers occur in food security, health status, education level, marketing, income generation, prosperity, and gender-related responsibilities. However, the full potential of organic farm waste being used as soil fertiliser is not exhausted, as human excreta is not integrated into nutrient management. Farm households who are most vulnerable to food security, e.g., female-headed and HIV/AIDS-affected households, need to get support in strengthening their socio-economic base before transforming the farm management. In conclusion, local Farmer Field Schools significantly contribute to restoring land degradation. To transform smallholder agriculture in Tanzania, a joint partnership with local governmental organisations could help farmers to escape poverty and become food secure (SDG 1 and SDG 2). Similar approaches could support smallholder farmers in East Africa, where they contribute to three-fourth of the agricultural production.

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Koda, Kazuhisa, Gebreyohannes Girmay, Tesfay Berihu, and Fujio Nagumo. "Reservoir Conservation in a Micro-Watershed in Tigray, Ethiopian Highlands." Sustainability 11, no. 7 (April 5, 2019): 2038. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11072038.

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Soil erosion in Ethiopian highlands has caused land deterioration due to moving nutrient-rich top soil to downstream reservoirs while leaving reservoirs dysfunctional due to sedimentation. Micro-watershed management by removing reservoir sediments and using them for reclaiming farmland, while using reservoir water for irrigation, can be a potential solution to simultaneously address soil and water constraints and food security challenges. Still, there is knowledge gap before such a solution can be practically applied. The objective of this paper is to present potential solutions for the reservoir sedimentation problem and specifically highlight the utility of bathymetric survey using an echo-sounder to assess sediment volume. Our results indicated that the estimated reservoir sediment volume was 6400 m3 leading to a reclamation of 3.2 hectares by layering 0.2 m sediment. The sediment used for reclamation depicts neutral pH (7.3), high organic carbon (2.5%), available phosphorus (9.2 mg/kg) and exchangeable potassium (25 cmol(+)/kg). Garlic (Allium sativum) was planted in the reclaiming abandoned farmland and produced 7.1 t/ha of bulb on average. There is a potential of producing 2–3 horticultural crops per year. Thus, developing methods for scaling up potential farmland reclamation using reservoir sediment would contribute to degraded farmland restoration and food security in Ethiopia and beyond.

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Molinillo, M., T. Lasanta, and J. M. García-Ruiz. "RESEARCH: Managing Mountainous Degraded Landscapes After Farmland Abandonment in the Central Spanish Pyrenees." Environmental Management 21, no. 4 (July 1, 1997): 587–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002679900051.

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Han, Yangyang, Hongjie Wang, Guangming Zhang, Shengqi Zhang, Xingchun Liu, and Ling Liu. "Distribution, ecological risk assessment and source identification of pollutants in soils of different land-use types in degraded wetlands." PeerJ 10 (February 22, 2022): e12885. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.12885.

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Background Urbanization and global warming are generating ecological degradation and land pattern alteration problems in natural wetlands. These changes are greatly affecting the ecological services of wetlands. Therefore, there is an urgent need to explore the relationship between pollutants and land-use type for wetland restoration purposes. Zaozhadian Lake is a freshwater wetland in the North China Plain, which is facing degradation and land-use types changes. An experiment for analyzing soil pollutants was conducted in three land-use types of farmland, lake, and ditch in the Zaozhadian Lake. The aims of this study were to identify the distribution, pollution degree, and sources of pollutants in different land-use types, and to explore the influence of land-use type changes on contamination. Methods In this study, surface sediments (0–10 cm) of three land types (farmland, lake, and ditch) in Zaozhadian Lake were collected, and heavy metals (Cu, Ni, Zn, Pb, Cd, Cr, Hg), As, total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP) and organic matter (OM) were determined. Kriging interpolation was used to visualize the pollutants distribution. The pollution degree of TN and TP was evaluated by the Nemerow pollution index. The pollution of heavy metals and As was evaluated by the geological accumulation index (Igeo) and the potential ecological risk index (RI). Then, dual hierarchical clustering analysis and the principal component analysis were performed to further analyze the impact of land type changes on pollutants. Results The heavy metal contents in the farmland were higher than other areas, while the TN (3.71 ± 1.03 g kg-1) and OM (57.17 ± 15.16 g kg−1) in lake sediments were higher than that in other regions. Farmland, lake, and ditches had low ecological risks, with RI values of 84.21, 71.34, and 50.78, respectively. The primary heavy metal pollutants are Pb, Cu, and Ni. Furthermore, Cu, As, Ni, Pb, and Zn were primarily derived from agriculture pollution, the source of Cd was the industrial pollution, and Cr mainly originated from natural sources. Nutrients primarily came from the decomposition of aquatic animals, plants, and human-related activities. When the lake area was converted into farmland, the heavy metal concentrations in the soils increased and the TN and OM decreased. Based on the results, this study put forward key strategies including the adjustment of the land-use type and restriction of the entry of pollutants into the wetland ecosystems in the Zaozhadian Lake. More attention should be paid to the impact of land-use type change on pollutants in wetlands.

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Lovejoy, Thomas E. "Rehabilitation of degraded tropical forest lands." Environmentalist 5, no. 1 (March 1985): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02239863.

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Yang, Zhenjie, Chao Sun, Junwei Ye, Congying Gan, Yue Li, Lingyu Wang, and Yujun Chen. "Spatio-Temporal Heterogeneity of Ecological Quality in Hangzhou Greater Bay Area (HGBA) of China and Response to Land Use and Cover Change." Remote Sensing 14, no. 21 (November 7, 2022): 5613. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14215613.

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Human activities have been stressing the ecological environment since we stepped into the Anthropocene Age. It is urgent to formulate a sustainable plan for balancing socioeconomic development and ecological conservation based on a thorough understanding of ecological environment changes. The ecological environment can be evaluated when multiple remote sensing indices are integrated, such as the use of the recently prevalent Remote Sensing-based Ecological Index (RSEI). Currently, most of the RSEI-related studies have focused on the ecological quality evolution in small areas. Less attention was paid to the spatio-temporal heterogeneity of ecological quality in large-scale urban agglomerations and the potential links with Land Use and Cover Change (LUCC). In this study, we monitored the dynamics of the ecological quality in the Hangzhou Greater Bay Area (HGBA) during 1995–2020, using the RSEI as an indicator. During the construction of the RSEI, a percentile de-noising normalization method was proposed to overcome the problem of widespread noises from large-scale regions and make the RSEI-based ecological quality assessment for multiple periods comparable. Combined with the land use data, the quantitative relationship between the ecological quality and the LUCC was revealed. The results demonstrated that: (1) The ecological quality of the HGBA degraded after first improving but was still good (averaged RSEI of 0.638). It was divergent for the prefecture-level cities of the HGBA, presenting degraded, improved, and fluctuant trends for the cities from north to south. (2) For ecological quality, the improved regions have larger area (57.5% vs. 42.5%) but less increment (0.141 vs. −0.195) than the degraded regions. Mountains, downtowns, and coastal wetlands were the hot spots for the improvement and urbanization, and reclamation processes were responsible for the degradation. (3) The ecological quality was improved for forests and urban areas (△RSEI > 0.07) but degraded for farmland (∆RSEI = −0.03). As a result, the ecological cost was reduced among human-dominant environments (e.g., farmland, urban areas) while enlarged for the conversion from nature-(e.g., forests) to human-dominant environments.

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Tatuebu Tagne, Claude, Denis Jean Sonwa, Abdon Awono, Moustapha Njayou Mama, Evariste Fongnzossie, Riddley Ngala Mbiybe, Lydie Flora Essamba à Rim, and Rufin Dominique Ntja. "Land Cover and Land Use Changes between 1986 and 2018, and Preliminary Carbon Footprint Implications for Manoka Island (Littoral Region of Cameroon)." Sustainability 14, no. 10 (May 22, 2022): 6301. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14106301.

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Land and resource use patterns in coastal areas play a key role in the resilience of ecosystems and populations to climate change. Knowing their spatiotemporal dynamics therefore constitutes a strategic tool to help decision-makers. Based on documentary research, geographic information system (GIS), image processing, and field work, this article maps land use on Manoka Island between 1986 and 2018 and identifies the drivers of change and avenues for intervention with a view to strengthening climate change mitigation. The results show a decrease of 4% in forest area on Manoka Island, representing an average of 112 ha of inland forest and 267 ha of mangrove converted between 1986 and 2018. This increases the degraded forest area by 268% (degraded mangrove and degraded inland forest) and exposes some camps to erosion and flooding. Reduction in forest area is mainly linked to the harvesting of fuelwood and the conversion of forests into farmland and residential areas. Settlements have increased in area from 15 ha in 1986 to 90.4 ha in 2018 to the detriment of natural spaces.

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Zong, Min, Yuanman Hu, Miao Liu, Chunlin Li, Cong Wang, and Xiaoying Ping. "Effects of Landscape Pattern Change on Water Yield and Nonpoint Source Pollution in the Hun-Taizi River Watershed, China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 9 (April 28, 2020): 3060. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17093060.

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Understanding the influence of landscape pattern changes on water yield (WYLD) and nutrient yield is a key topic for water resource management and nonpoint source (NPS) pollution reduction. The annual WYLD and NPS pollution were estimated in 2004 and 2015 with the calibrated and validated Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) in the Hun-Taizi River watershed. The impact of land use and landscape pattern changes on the annual WYLD and NPS loading changes were analyzed with a boosted regression tree (BRT) and redundancy analysis (RDA). The results showed that WYLD had a positive correlation with dry farmland and built-up area; however, a negative correlation with paddy field and water area, with the relative contribution of 42.03%, 23.79%, 17.06%, and 13.55%, respectively. The change in nutrient yield was positively correlated with changes in dry farmland, built-up area, and water area but negatively with forestland, according to the BRT model. Landscape patterns had an important influence on WYLD and NPS pollution. A large unfragmented forestland may improve water quality, while a large concentrated dry farmland results in water quality deterioration due to NPS pollution. Water quality is more likely degraded when land uses are complex and scattered with many small patches in a forestland dominated watershed.

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Sanou, L., P. Savadogo, Eugene E. Ezebilo, and A. Thiombiano. "Drivers of farmers’ decisions to adopt agroforestry: Evidence from the Sudanian savanna zone, Burkina Faso." Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems 34, no. 2 (July 4, 2017): 116–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742170517000369.

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AbstractIn most developing countries, there has been a long-standing conflict of interest between using land for agriculture and the conservation of biodiversity. This paper reports on a study of factors influencing farmers’ decisions to integrate trees into their agricultural practice. We also discuss the possibility of protecting and managing planted and naturally regenerating trees on farmland in order to restore degraded land and improve biodiversity. Data were collected from interviews with farmers in the Center-West region of Burkina Faso and analyzed using Principal Component Analysis, multiple linear regression and binary logistic regression. The results show that farmers’ decisions to incorporate trees into their farmland were mainly influenced by silvicultural knowledge and skills, participation in farmers’ groups or other social organizations with an interest in tree conservation, the social value of biodiversity in the rural landscape, and the perceived economic benefits of trees on farmland. The most important factors associated with variation in levels of motivation to conserve trees on farms included household wealth, gender, age, education level, marital status, residence status, farmland size, household size and technical support. We conclude that an agroforestry project will be more successful if the local biophysical conditions and diversity of smallholder socio-economic characteristics and their perceptions, needs and preferences are considered in its design. There is also an immediate need for coordinated development of information and training to raise local community awareness of the potential of agroforestry as well as to disseminate information about adding value to tree products in order to encourage farmers to protect on-farm trees.

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Wang, Yongsheng, Yuheng Li, and Yurui Li. "Land Engineering Consolidates Degraded Sandy Land for Agricultural Development in the Largest Sandy Land of China." Land 9, no. 6 (June 17, 2020): 199. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land9060199.

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Sandification has become a major obstacle to China’s regional farmland protection, economic development, and ecological civilization construction. It is urgent to adopt advanced ideas and practical actions to reverse the sandy land. Structural consolidation theory was introduced to rehabilitate sandy land into farmland by soil body building, soil layer reconstruction, and soil quality improvement. A field experiment was conducted in Mu Us Sandy Land to explore the effects of blended guest materials (red clay and loess) with sand at four volume ratios (1:1, 1:2, 1:3 and 1:5) on crop yields, soil properties, and root growth. Red clay and loess significantly increased clay and silt contents and regulated the soil total nitrogen concentration and organic matter content during the critical growth stage of maize. Red clay and loess had a significant promotion of maize and soybean yields at a volume ratio of 1:3. The maximum potato yield was 42,501 and 37,332 kg ha−1 in red clay treatment at a volume ratio of 1:5 and in loess treatment at a volume ratio of 1:3, respectively. Lowest root biomass in surface soil and surface/subsoil root biomass ratio mediated maize growth in red clay treatment. Red clay was considered as the better material to rehabilitate sandy land and develop agriculture in the long-term according to the engineering costs and crop yields. Water sustainable utilization strategies and potential popularization areas of sandy land structural consolidation should be enhanced in the future.

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Tata, Hesti L., and Sukaesih Pradjadinata. "NATIVE SPECIES FOR DEGRADED PEAT SWAMP FOREST REHABILITATION." Journal of Tropical Silviculture 7, no. 3 (December 28, 2016): S80—S82. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/j-siltrop.7.3.s80-s82.

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It is known that over exploitation and repeated fire caused peat swamp forest degradation. Great effort on degraded peat forest rehabilitation has been taken to minimize forest degradation. The study aimed to understand the best tree species for degraded peat swamp forest rehabilitation. The study was conducted on degraded and burnt peat swamp forest of Tumbang Nusa Forest Research area, Central Kalimantan. The study was designed in a completely randomized design, using four native species, viz. Shorea balangeran, Dyera poyphylla, Calophyllum bifflorum, and Callophyllum inophyllum. The seedlings were planted in planting space of 5 m x 2.5 m. After eight months planting, S. balangeran had the highest seedlings survival. Environmental factors, such as ground water table and precipitation, in the demo-plot are presented.Key words: reforestation, degraded peatland, peat fire, Central Kalimantan

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Kasim, K. K. "REHABILITATION OF DEGRADED RANGELAND IN NORTHERN IRAQ." Mesopotamia Journal of Agriculture 33, no. 2 (June 28, 2005): 79–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.33899/magrj.2005.35981.

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Kobayashi, Shigeo. "Landscape rehabilitation of degraded tropical forest ecosystems." Forest Ecology and Management 201, no. 1 (November 2004): 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2004.06.009.

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Olokeogun, O. S., K. Iyiola, and O. F. Iyiola. "Application of remote sensing and GIS in land use/land cover mapping and change detection in Shasha forest reserve, Nigeria." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-8 (November 28, 2014): 613–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-8-613-2014.

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Mapping of LULC and change detection using remote sensing and GIS techniques is a cost effective method of obtaining a clear understanding of the land cover alteration processes due to land use change and their consequences. This research focused on assessing landscape transformation in Shasha Forest Reserve, over an 18 year period. LANDSAT Satellite imageries (of 30 m resolution) covering the area at two epochs were characterized into five classes (Water Body, Forest Reserve, Built up Area, Vegetation, and Farmland) and classification performs with maximum likelihood algorithm, which resulted in the classes of each land use. <br><br> The result of the comparison of the two classified images showed that vegetation (degraded forest) has increased by 30.96 %, farmland cover increased by 22.82 % and built up area by 3.09 %. Forest reserve however, has decreased significantly by 46.12 % during the period. <br><br> This research highlights the increasing rate of modification of forest ecosystem by anthropogebic activities and the need to apprehend the situation to ensure sustainable forest management.

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Broughton, Richard K., James M. Bullock, Charles George, France Gerard, Marta Maziarz, Wesley E. Payne, Paul A. Scholefield, Daniel Wade, and Richard F. Pywell. "Slow development of woodland vegetation and bird communities during 33 years of passive rewilding in open farmland." PLOS ONE 17, no. 11 (November 11, 2022): e0277545. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0277545.

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Passive rewilding is a potential tool for expanding woodland cover and restoring biodiversity by abandoning land management and allowing natural vegetation succession to occur. Land can be abandoned to passive rewilding deliberately or due to socio-economic change. Despite abandonment being a major driver of land use change, few have studied the long-term outcomes for vegetation and biodiversity in Western Europe. Studies are also biased towards sites that are close to seed sources and favourable to woodland colonisation. In this case-study, we reconstruct a time series of passive rewilding over 33 years on 25 ha of former farmland that had been subject to soil tipping, far from woodland seed sources. Natural colonisation by shrubs and trees was surveyed at three points during the time series, using field mapping and lidar. Breeding birds were surveyed at three time points, and compared with surveys from nearby farmland. Results showed that natural colonisation of woody vegetation was slow, with open grassland dominating the old fields for two decades, and small wetlands developing spontaneously. After 33 years, thorny shrub thickets covered 53% of the site and former hedgerows became subsumed or degraded, but trees remained scarce. However, the resulting habitat mosaic of shrubland, grassland and wetland supported a locally distinctive bird community. Farmland bird species declined as passive rewilding progressed, but this was countered by relatively more wetland birds and an increase in woodland birds, particularly songbirds, compared to nearby farmland. Alongside biodiversity benefits, shrubland establishment by passive rewilding could potentially provide ecosystem services via abundant blossom resources for pollinators, and recreation and berry-gathering opportunities for people. Although closed-canopy woodland remained a distant prospect even after 33 years, the habitat mosaic arising from passive rewilding could be considered a valuable outcome, which could contribute to nature recovery and provision of ecosystem services.

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Shrivastava, M., and Menka Bihari. "Rehabilitation of Degraded Conifer Forests in Western Himalayas." Indian Journal of Forestry 36, no. 2 (June 1, 2013): 173–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps1000-2013-qgru5e.

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Excessive felling and grazing, incendiaries, and mismanagement have resulted in degradation of a number of conifer forests of Pinus roxburghii, Cedrus deodara and Pinus wallichiana in Rajgarh Forest Division of Himachal Pradesh. The forests are irregular, very open and under-stocked. Regeneration is either absent or deficient. With intensive care and proper forest management practices the forests can be rehabilitated and brought back to normalcy. Natural regeneration has to be supplemented with sowing and planting. Felling and resin tapping have to be stopped. Hygienic and salvage removals should be permitted to meet the right holder’s demand. Adequate mother trees as seed bearers, middle aged trees as advance growth, mature trees as fire insurance and young poles as future crops are to be retained. No attempt should be made to remove the prescribed yield. Felling methods have to be followed strictly. Pinus roxburghii, Cedrus deodara, Pinus wallichiana and broad-leaved species of economic importance should be preferred in planting programs. The areas have to be restocked by post planting treatment and care including subsidiary silvicultural operations, fire protection, control on grazing and lopping and maintenance of effective closures for the degraded forests to be rehabilitated.

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Bell, M. J., B. J. Bridge, G. R. Harch, and D. N. Orange. "Physical rehabilitation of degraded krasnozems using ley pastures." Soil Research 35, no. 5 (1997): 1093. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/s97005.

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The physical fertility of krasnozems and euchrozems (Red Ferrosols) in Australia has declined substantially as a result of continuous cropping. Much of this decline is associated with reduced levels of soil organic carbon and soil compaction due to vehicle trac when soils are too wet. We examined the impact of kikuyu (Pennisetum clandestinum) and Rhodes grass (Chloris gayana) pasture leys with various management inputs on the regeneration of physical fertility of continuously cropped krasnozems from 2 locations in the South Burnett region of southern Queensland. Pasture leys significantly improved the physical fertility of continuously cropped soils within 2–4 years. The most significant effects were on the creation of improved surface and subsurface macroporosity, and in a reduction in surface crust formation under high energy rain due to improved aggregate stability. Final steady state infiltration rates under well-managed leys increased 4-fold compared with those in continuously cropped soil. Pastures were unable to ameliorate compacted layers below approx. 15 cm, although significant improvements in hydraulic conductivity through these layers (and to depths of at least 70 cm) were made, presumably by creating of continuous biopores. Introduced earthworms improved pasture effectiveness in ameliorating this layer, but only to depths of 20 cm, while deep ripping during the ley phase was the most effective treatment. Kikuyu was the more effective pasture species in overcoming soil physical infertility, particularly in terms of improving aggregate stability under rain. In addition, the ability of kikuyu to resist the compacting influence of cattle trampling during wet weather meant that rainfall infiltration eciency was maintained during the ley phase and management options on returning to cropping were more flexible (e.g. direct drill strategies can be used). However, if pastures were ungrazed, the advantages of kikuyu in soil physical restoration were evident in only 2 years.

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Podhrázská, Jana, Jan Szturc, Petr Karásek, Josef Kučera, and Jana Konečná. "Economic impacts of farmland degradation in the Czech Republic – Case Study." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 65, No. 11 (November 20, 2019): 529–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/89/2019-agricecon.

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To analyse the potential changes in soil characteristics and associated impacts on the land price, the region of South Moravia was selected, strongly threatened by erosion and by claiming the most valuable land in suburban territories due to industrial and housing expansion. For the detailed analysis of the impacts of erosion and land appropriation in the region of South Moravia, the model territories of Brno surroundings with the municipality of Dolní Heršpice and Hustopeče surroundings with the municipality of Starovice were selected. The price of land degraded by potential erosion in the South Moravian region fluctuates between 88 and 2 400 EUR/ha. In the past 180 years, 148 ha of agricultural land in the total value of 822 815 EUR have been used for construction in the location under study in Dolní Heršpice. Further growth of the municipality should involve additional appropriation of agricultural land in the value of 411 000 EUR. In the studied land block of 100.5 ha, located in the Starovice municipality area, water erosion caused degradation in the total value of 92 000 EUR in the period 1978–2013. Extensive losses of fertile agricultural land are to be expected in the future. Their main causes are continuing land appropriation and degradation processes – soil erosion.

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Hanus-Fajerska, Ewa, Katarzyna Kępka, Cezary Kruszyna, and Iwona Kamińska. "Plant-Based Solutions for Non-Productive Sites Useful in the Management of Dry Land." Plants 12, no. 3 (January 24, 2023): 537. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12030537.

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The article presents an overview of research conducted in recent years, i.e., from 2004 until now. The study has been prompted by the threat of drought over large land areas which, as a result of current climate change, may lead to desertification in dry and hot regions of the world. For the same reason, large areas of farmland are affected by drought stress. At the same time, rising air temperatures result in a significant intensification of evaporation and a gradual increase in soil salinity. This applies in particular to acres of farmland, forested areas, and green areas of cities, as well as degraded land or brownfields. As the crop stability is threatened, the food base of the world’s population is at risk and, additionally, in areas of industrial districts, people’s health is in decline. Due to these multistress conditions for plant growth, we propose a review of the current literature which addresses the possibility of counteracting these unfavorable phenomena through the appropriate selection of plant species and, when only applicable, also through specific agroecological treatments. A selection of herbaceous and woody plants useful for cultivation on saline marginal lands was proposed.

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Zhang, Qingming, Hongyu Liu, Muhammad Saleem, and Caixia Wang. "Biotransformation of chlorothalonil by strain Stenotrophomonas acidaminiphila BJ1 isolated from farmland soil." Royal Society Open Science 6, no. 11 (November 2019): 190562. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.190562.

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Chlorothalonil is a widely used fungicide, but the contamination of soil and water environments by this chemical causes potential threats to biodiversity. Given the metabolic potential of soil microorganisms, there is a need for developing microbiological approaches to degrade persistent compounds, such as chlorothalonil, in contaminated sites. Here in this study, we isolated a bacterial strain (namely, BJ1) capable of degrading chlorothalonil from a chlorothalonil-contaminated farmland soil in the Shandong Province, China. Using 16S rDNA gene sequencing, morphological and biological characteristics, we identified the strain BJ1 as Stenotrophomonas acidaminiphila . The strain BJ1 uses chlorothalonil as a sole carbon source. At initial concentrations of 50, 100, 200 and 300 mg l −1 , it degraded 91.5%, 89.4%, 86.5% and 83.5% of chlorothalonil after 96 h of inoculation under optimum conditions (30°C and pH 7.0). Two metabolites, methyl-2,5,6-trichloro-3-cyano-4-methoxy-benzoate and methyl-3-cyano-2,4,5,6-tetrachlorobenzoate, were detected and identified based on HPLC–MS analysis, which suggests that the strain BJ1 metabolized chlorothalonil through the hydroxylation of chloro-group and hydration of cyano-group. The results of this study highlight the great potential for this bacterium to be used in chlorothalonil pollution remediation.

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郭, 振. "Distribution Characteristics of Soil Nutrient Content on Sloping Farmland." Hans Journal of Agricultural Sciences 11, no. 08 (2021): 802–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/hjas.2021.118107.

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龚, 平. "Phytoremediation Effectiveness of Sweet Sorghum on Cadmium-Contaminated Farmland." Hans Journal of Agricultural Sciences 12, no. 09 (2022): 839–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/hjas.2022.129118.

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Shen, Congying, Yu Wang, Lanpo Zhao, Xiaohong Xu, Xiankun Yang, and Xiaolin Liu. "Characteristics of Material Migration During Soil Erosion in Sloped Farmland in the Black Soil Region of Northeast China." Tropical Conservation Science 12 (January 2019): 194008291985683. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1940082919856835.

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Loss of soil and water from sloped farmland is a major cause of regional soil degradation and declining productivity. We conducted a preliminary study on the characteristics of sloped farmland in the black soil region of Northeast China using natural rainfall-runoff plot experiments in the field. In 0-20 cm soil depth, clay content (<0.002 mm), silt content (0.002-0.02 mm), specific surface area, <0.002 mm and 0.002 to 0.02 mm microaggregates content, available phosphorus, and total phosphorus tended to increase from the top to the bottom of the slope, while sand content (>0.05 mm), 0.02 to 0.05 mm and 0.05 to 0.25 mm microaggregates content, tended to decline. This suggests that soil material and nutrients were gradually transported from the top to the bottom of the slope because of erosion, soil tended toward desertification in texture, and fertility was degraded. The content of available phosphorus and total phosphorus was positively linearly related to clay content, specific surface area, and 0.002 to 0.02 mm microaggregates content. This indicates that soil nutrients migrated down with fine particles. Therefore, soil erosion leads to the migration and loss of soil nutrients, <0.002 mm fine particles and 0.002 to 0.02 mm microaggregates on the slope, which was the main cause of soil fertility degradation.

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Farah Shahanim, M. M., M. A. Nurcahaya Khairany, and M. T. Zahirah. "Rehabilitation of degraded forest area using dipterocarp species in Merlimau Forest Reserve, Melaka." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1053, no. 1 (June 1, 2022): 012010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1053/1/012010.

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Abstract The rehabilitation of degraded sites is now recognized as major issue globally. One of the means in rehabilitating degraded areas is through replanting. In this study, a variety of dipterocarp species were planted in a 1.5 hectare degraded forest area in Merlimau Forest Reserve, Melaka. The main objective of this study is to rehabilitate degraded site with commercial timber species. Combinations of slow-release fertilizer and organic fertilizers as well as big planting hole were applied as a part of the improved planting technique. In order to sustain the flora biodiversity of the site, line clearing for planting was adopted. Suitable species were matched to the topography of the site to increase the survival and growth. Growth and survival of saplings planted were monitored and data obtained were analyzed using SPSS program. After 62 months of planting, the survival rate recorded was very high which was 78% in average with Merawan siput jantan exhibiting the highest increment in both height and diameter throughout planting measurements.

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Collier, K. J., J. C. Rutherford, J. M. Quinn, and R. J. Davies-Colley. "Forecasting rehabilitation outcomes for degraded New Zealand pastoral streams." Water Science and Technology 43, no. 9 (May 1, 2001): 175–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2001.0534.

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To understand the timescales and magnitude of responses that can be expected following catchment and riparian rehabilitation, we forecast changes to selected stream ecosystem attributes following tree planting in a pastoral catchment. All planting scenarios were predicted to lead to decreases in daily maximum water temperature after 15-20 years to levels that would be suitable for sensitive invertebrate species. Cooling and reheating were rapid so that most benefits to water temperature along the mainstem were forecast to accrue from shading all of the stream channel network. All planting scenarios were predicted to increase sediment yields over the status quo over the 25-year timeframe examined, with maximal sediment yield occurring about 15 years after planting due to expected erosion of the streambanks under the developing forest shade. Sediment yield was greatest for full catchment planting over 25 years, although sediment yield would be lowest with this scenario over longer timescales. A macroinvertebrate biotic index was predicted to increase by 25% over 15 years if whole catchment afforestation were implemented, compared to 9% if only the 4th order mainstem were planted with riparian trees. The use of ecological forecasting to predict likely outcomes for a range of scenarios should prove useful for prioritising rehabilitation actions.

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Langmaack, Marcus, Stefan Schrader, Ulrike Rapp-Bernhardt, and Karin Kotzke. "Soil structure rehabilitation of arable soil degraded by compaction." Geoderma 105, no. 1-2 (January 2002): 141–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-7061(01)00097-0.

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Sharp, Alice, and Nobukazu Nakagoshi. "Rehabilitation of degraded forests in Thailand: policy and practice." Landscape and Ecological Engineering 2, no. 2 (October 17, 2006): 139–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11355-006-0009-5.

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Bing-Hua Liao and Jian-mei Zhang. "Research on eco-restoration of damaged Agro-ecosystem by new biodiversity technology." International Journal of Scientific Research Updates 2, no. 1 (December 30, 2021): 010–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.53430/ijsru.2021.2.1.0035.

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Henan Province is a typical key area of Chinese main agricultural and food planting. However, a key eco-restoration of degraded farmlands issue needs be resolved by biodiversity technology. Because sustainable agro-ecosystem quickly growth must inject new technology, just as nitrogen-fixing plants can replace the using of chemical nitrogen fertilizers, insect repellent plants can replace the use of chemical insecticides, (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) wood populations surrounding the damaged agricultural ecosystem can block wind impacting on the death of wheat, “plants of soil and water conservation” can avoid the loss of water and nutrients around farmland in low mountain and hilly areas in typical key area of Henan Province of Chinese. This work firstly has been resolved eco-restoration of damaged agro-ecosystem by biodiversity technology.

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Hu, Sihai, Cong Lu, Chengjun Zhang, Yuanjing Zhang, Hairui Yao, and Yaoguo Wu. "Effects of fresh and degraded dissolved organic matter derived from maize straw on copper sorption onto farmland loess." Journal of Soils and Sediments 16, no. 2 (August 7, 2015): 327–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11368-015-1226-z.

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Elias, Elias, and B. C. H. Simangunsong. "Does Gap Opening and Planting to Rehabilitate the Degraded Tropical Natural Forests Affect the Forest Composition and Structure?" Jurnal Manajemen Hutan Tropika (Journal of Tropical Forest Management) 28, no. 3 (November 30, 2022): 292–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.7226/jtfm.28.3.292.

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By 2020, there were 33.4 million ha of degraded forests in Indonesia. If it is not rehabilitated, there will be land-use changes that significantly affect its biodiversity and environment. Gap opening and planting is an important silvicultural regeneration method to rehabilitate degraded tropical natural forests. We studied the subject in a 10 ha degraded lowland tropical natural forest in Central Borneo, Indonesia. The study aims to compare the composition and structure of degraded tropical natural forests before and after gap opening and planting. The methods used consist of 1) gap opening and planting with a proportion of the total gap area to the total degraded natural forest area of 40%; 2) vegetation analysis to assess the composition and structure of forest. The results showed that the gap opening and planting activities led to a decrease in the density of seedlings, saplings, poles, and trees, and cause loss of two species at seedling level and one species at sapling level. The analysis results of the stand structure and species composition, index of species diversity, species evenness index, and community similarity index before and after gap opening and planting of the degraded forest in the study area of 10 ha showed that there is no changes of these variables. These results showed that the use of the gap opening and planting method in the rehabilitation of degraded forests is able to maintain the stability of species composition and stand structure, species diversity, species evenness, and forest communities. In conclusion, the study provided significant empirical results on the composition and structure of degraded tropical natural forests before and after gap opening and planting, which would be instrumental for the development of rehabilitation strategies. It is recommended that the rehabilitation of degraded tropical natural forests in Indonesia can be carried out using the gap opening and planting method.

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张, 兆鑫. "The Status of Farmland Runoff Pollution and Control Technology in China." Hans Journal of Agricultural Sciences 12, no. 11 (2022): 1077–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/hjas.2022.1211147.

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Liao, Na, Xinchen Gu, Yuejian Wang, Hailiang Xu, and Zili Fan. "Analysis of Ecological and Economic Benefits of Rural Land Integration in the Manas River Basin Oasis." Land 10, no. 5 (April 23, 2021): 451. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10050451.

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Land consolidation is an effective means of promoting the regularization of fragmented arable land, optimizing the allocation of land resources and improving the environment in farming areas, as well as an important means of increasing the economic returns of farming households, and it is important to scientifically assess the ecological and economic benefits of agricultural land consolidation. In this study, participatory rural assessment (PRA) was used to investigate, in detail, the meaning, satisfaction and changes in farmland rehabilitation before and after implementation. The accuracy of the remote sensing data was verified through an experiment on the net cultivation coefficient. We used a sample of 447 farmers from nine villages in Manas County to study the differences in plot area, crop unit value, income and irrigation before and after the farmers’ integration. We found that, after the integration of farmland, the cultivated area increased significantly, the crop unit yield increased by at least 42.66%, the average income of farmers increased by a value of RMB 4324/ha and the water savings were all higher than 7.18 m3/ha. At the same time, after the integration of farmland, the number of plots was significantly reduced, the arable land became more regular and the microclimate of the farmland improved significantly. The government and individuals should follow the concept and construction requirements of the “community of life in mountain, water, forest, lake, grass and sand”, consider the economic and ecological benefits of land consolidation, ensure the quality of farmland ecosystems, actively explore new models of land consolidation and stimulate the economic vitality of rural areas.

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Khishigjargal, B., N. Kishigsuren, Sh Dolgormaa, and Ya Baasandorj. "Biological rehabilitation in the degraded land, a case study of Shariingol Soum of Selenge Aimag in Mongolia." Mongolian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 15, no. 2 (September 30, 2015): 106–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/mjas.v15i2.555.

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Land is degraded and abandoned by intensive usages from mining and agriculture activities in the northern part of Mongolia. Especially agriculture land usage without rotation is one of the reasons of soil fertility loss. Land degradation is not only becoming an ecological degradation, but also decrease of economic benefits.We have conducted a survey on the planting perennial in the abandoned and degraded land. Planting perennials in the degraded lands is considering a one of the important technologies for plant regeneration (Institute of Geoecology, MAS. 2002). Lands are traditionally used for pasture and animal husbandry, but in recent decades multiple land use has increased rapidly in Mongolia. Especially, the mining activities have been implemented rapidly.From the result, we can see that, the wintering of Medicago falcata L is 70-76 percent and yield is 12-16.4 centner/ha in the abandoned land, and 80-85 percent for wintering and yield is 2-3.5 centner/ha in the degraded land from mining activities. Due to planting perennial, xerophyte plants increased by 12 percent and mesophyte plants increased by 45 percent in the abandoned land. In contrast, mesophyte plants decreased by 2 percent, and xerophyte plants decreased by 8 percent in the degraded land from mining activities.Journal of agricultural sciences №15 (02): 106-112, 2015

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Germain, Didier, Adrien Houel, and Christian Cremona. "Investigations on a degraded suspension bridge: damage characterization and rehabilitation." IABSE Symposium Report 101, no. 18 (September 1, 2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/222137813808626885.

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Cuenca, G., G. Escalante, and Z. De Andrade. "Arbuscular mycorrhizae in the rehabilitation of fragile degraded tropical lands." Biology and Fertility of Soils 26, no. 2 (December 15, 1997): 107–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003740050351.

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Daisuke, Hattori, Kenzo Tanaka, Kendawang Joseph Jawa, Ninomiya Ikuo, and Sakurai Katsutoshi. "Rehabilitation of Degraded Tropical Rainforest Using Dipterocarp Trees in Sarawak, Malaysia." International Journal of Forestry Research 2013 (2013): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/683017.

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To develop rehabilitation planting techniques in tropical degraded forests, we investigated (1) basic soil characteristics and light conditions; (2) growth and survival of seven dipterocarp seedlings over 81 months; and (3) the effect of environmental factors on the survival of seedlings grown in three degraded vegetations (grassland, secondary forest, and logged forest) in Sarawak, Malaysia. The soil was weakly acidic, and kaolin minerals dominated. The amount of exchangeable bases in surface soils, soil temperature (>35°C), and relative light intensity were all highest in the grassland. Seedling growth was also highest in the grassland, whereas many seedlings died there over 81 months. Growth and survivability were very similar in secondary and logged forests. The death of the seedlings in the grassland was attributable to an extremely high light intensity for all species. In contrast, the seedling growth rate in all species was also enhanced by light intensity. In conclusion, dipterocarp seedlings can be planted on highly degraded land such as grassland, although high light intensity limits their survival. Planting under nurse trees such as regenerated pioneer trees may be an effective method to enhance seedling survival under open conditions such as grassland.

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Tarigan, Suria Darma. "Methods for Delineating Degraded Land at Citarum Watershed, West Java, Indonesia." Journal of Tropical Soils 17, no. 3 (January 25, 2013): 267–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5400/jts.2012.v17i3.267-274.

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Accurate information on the extent and spatial location of degraded lands is very important to plan their rehabilitation. So far, various institutions issue different estimation on the extent of degraded land in Indonesia led to big confusion for rehabilitation planning. Ministry of Forestry estimates around 30.2 million ha of degraded land both inside and outside forestry area throughout Indonesia based on data released in 2007. Ministry of Forestry implementes the so called scoring method in delineating degraded land. Criteria used in the scoring methods are: land cover, slope steepness, erosion, and management. Scoring method applies different weight to each of those criteria. This study aimed to analyze accuracy of scoring method and to compare it to propose alternative methods in delineating degraded land such as: a) Inconsistency of land use, and b) Combination of Inconsistency of land use and scoring method. The accuracy of these methods were obtained by comparing to the field observation. The slope map was derived from SRTM 30 m, soil map was obtained from Soil Research Institute and land cover/land use from Ministry for Environment. Using GIS analysis, those maps were used to compose land capability classification (LCC) and inconsistency of land use. The study showed that scoring method had 66% accuracy in delineating degraded land. When scoring method was combined with Inconsistency method the accuracy increased about 7%.Keywords: Degraded land; inconsistency of land use; land capability class; scoring method[How to Cite: Tarigan SD. 2012. Methods for Delineating Degraded Land at Citarum Watershed, West Java, Indonesia. J Trop Soils, 17 (3): 267-274. doi: 10.5400/jts.2012.17.3.267][Permalink/DOI: www.dx.doi.org/10.5400/jts.2012.17.3.267]

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Vişan, Alexandra Liana, Gabriel Constantin Bogdanof, Dumitru Milea, Radu Ciupercă, and Gabriel Gheorghe. "Kinematic parameters determination of the drilling equipment designed to work in slope degraded terrains." E3S Web of Conferences 112 (2019): 03016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911203016.

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This paper aims to present the cinematic parameters determination of a drilling equipment design to work in slope degraded terrains, based on field experimental data acquired in normal exploitation condition and also in heavy environmental conditions. This equipment is developed in order conduct forestation and rehabilitation works of degraded lands and to be incorporated on innovative planting technology (degraded soil processing, levelling and terrace surface modelling, planting settlement, etc). This technology answers to the need to implement measures of environmental rehabilitation and enhancement of slope-degraded forestlands, by development several performing equipments that answer to technological needs of this works (land stability, terrace dimensions, type of power source and seedlings planting variety) in order to rise to the performances and to respect the labour safety standards under difficult working conditions. Also, here in presented equipment has a great impact on forestry and pomiculture works, and also on environmental technical works meant to improve soil quality, lowering the surface and depth erosion, rainwater capitalization, lowering the dust pollution and natural calamity risk, and at last to rehabilitate the inland flora.

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Wahyuningrum, Nining, and Pamungkas Buana Putra. "Degraded Land Analyses of Brantas River Basin to Support Land Rehabilitation." Jurnal Penelitian Kehutanan Wallacea 8, no. 2 (August 30, 2019): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.18330/jwallacea.2019.vol8iss2pp135-145.

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Land degradation in the Brantas River Basin occurs very massively as reflected by high erosion and sedimentation. Information related to soil erosion is important since it is one of the basic information in determining the degraded land in a watershed. The purpose of this study was to analyze and identify the distribution of degraded land in the Brantas river basin as an effort to mitigate land degradation through forests and land rehabilitation in suitable locations. Erosion analysis was carried out spatially on a watershed scale using the USLE (Universal Soil Lost Equation) method. Analyses showed that weighted soil erosion values in the Brantas river basin were 448.73 tons/ha/year which was classified as high erosion level. The area of 408,818 ha (41.74%) of Brantas river basin needs erosion handling because 22.51% was identified in the high erosion value category and 19.23% was included in very high erosion values. Those areas were identified as protected forests, production forests, dry land, and mixed gardens. The type of soil and the erodible of soil are part of the determinants of the high value of erosion, but these factors are difficult to manage while land cover types and land management which are the causes of erosion are relatively manageable. The approach to rehabilitate forests and land can be used as an effort to prevent and reduce erosion by taking into account the selection of related types of habitus (form and stratification) and economic value.

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Bireescu, L., G. Bireescu, C. Constandache, M. V. Sellitto, M. Dumitru, and I. Anton. "Ecopedological research for ecological rehabilitation of degraded lands from Eastern Romania." Soil and Water Research 5, No. 3 (September 16, 2010): 96–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/33/2009-swr.

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The assessment study of the global ecological impact tries to highlight the main factors and negative ecological determinants, due to a lack or excess, and it also focuses on highlighting the main negative ecological effects with the aim to rehabilitate and restore the ecological balance within degraded ecosystems. The methodology used in the assessment process was based on graphs, tables in the shape of Leopold matrix, considerably improved by authors. In order to assess qualitatively the negative ecological effects, a reliability scale with 3 indicators and 3 graduations was used, designed to underline the importance of the impact (minor, medium, and major), the quality of the impact (neutral, negative, and positive) and the certainty of the appearance of a negative impact (improbable, probable, and certain). Our research was accomplished in the pasture ecosystem degraded by pluvial erosion from the Tutova Hills, located in the Eastern part of Romania. This ecosystem is characterized through active geo-morphological processes in the depth and on the surface and it drew attention to the presence of 8 negative ecological factors grouped in 3 main categories: geo-climatic, pedological, and anthropogenic. 8 main negative effects were identified and quantified by means of 3 qualitative indicators with 3 graduation scales. The analysis of the current state of the effects of the complex ecological impact upon the degraded ecosystem ask for a series of urgent measures elaborated by scientists, researchers, and representatives of the local administration system. The aim of these measures is to improve the ecological balance and to eliminate the negative anthropogenic impact that augments and aggravates the action of the negative geo-climatic and pedological factors, in of with the protection of soil quality.

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Sharma, M. P., A. Samanta, and K. R. Sharma. "Degraded lands and their management for rehabilitation and improving crop productivity." Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 17, no. 1 (2018): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2455-7145.2018.00004.8.

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Zhuang, Xueying. "Rehabilitation and development of forest on degraded hills of Hong Kong." Forest Ecology and Management 99, no. 1-2 (December 1997): 197–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-1127(97)00205-3.

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Sulaiman, Raja Barizan Raja, and Farah Shahanim Mohamed Mohidin. "Establishment of Shoreline Buffer Zone through Rehabilitation of Degraded Coastal Mangroves." MATEC Web of Conferences 203 (2018): 01019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201820301019.

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After the 2004 tragic tsunami that struck the western coastlines of Peninsular Malaysia and several Asian countries, which claimed thousands of lives and inflicted substantial damage to properties and economy of affected areas, the Malaysian government established a task force namely “Special National Task Force on Planting of Mangrove and Other Suitable Species in Coastal Areas”. The main role of the task force was to identify coastal areas for restoration, conservation, protection and promotion of research related to planting of mangrove species. One of the Technical Committee is on Research and Development (RDTC) led by The Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM) and was given the task to carry out research and development related to mangrove forest rehabilitation as well as the conservation at the areas that have high risk of coastal erosion. The seaward mangrove plot of 200 m × 40 m, was established at the beach of Sungai Haji Dorani, Selangor, Kuala Bernam Forest Reserved in December 2007. The objective of the study was to demonstrate that the new established seaward mangrove supports the effort in preserving the shoreline and act as natural protection zones in reducing the effects of natural disaster and soil erosion. The finding of the study has shown that after five years, the seaward mangroves successfully executed as a natural buffer and subsequently improved biodiversity of Kuala Bernam mangrove Forest Reserved at Sungai Haji Dorani.

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Ait Elallem, Khadija, Mansour Sobeh, Ali Boularbah, and Abdelaziz Yasri. "Chemically degraded soil rehabilitation process using medicinal and aromatic plants: review." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 28, no. 1 (October 13, 2020): 73–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-10742-y.

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Singh, Yash Pal, Amaresh K. Nayak, Dinesh Kumar Sharma, Gurbachan Singh, Vinay K. Mishra, and Dhananjay Singh. "Evaluation of Jatropha curcas Genotypes for Rehabilitation of Degraded Sodic Lands." Land Degradation & Development 26, no. 5 (June 30, 2015): 510–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ldr.2398.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Rehabilitation of Degraded Farmland'

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