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Journal articles on the topic 'Regulatory search'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 29 January 2023

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1

Jiao, Lu, Kevin Baird, and Graeme Harrison. "Searching in the regulatory environment: The impact of regulatory search on firm innovativeness." Australian Journal of Management 45, no. 1 (July 9, 2019): 153–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0312896219857458.

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This article examines the effect of regulatory search on firm innovativeness using survey data from Chief Executive Officers (CEOs) of Australian listed and private firms. We used a self-developed scale to measure regulatory search, which consists of both reactive and proactive regulatory search. The results show that only reactive regulatory search exhibits a positive and direct association with firm innovativeness. However, the results suggest that slack moderates the relations between the two regulatory search factors and innovativeness in different ways. Specifically, under a high (low) slack environment, reactive regulatory search is negatively (positively) related to innovativeness, while, under a high (low) slack environment, proactive regulatory search is positively (negatively) related to innovativeness. JEL Classification: L51, O31

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2

Us, M. V., and I. A. Titko. "Protection of Economic Competition and Intellectual Property: Search for an Optimal Regulatory Model." Science and innovation 15, no. 2 (April 22, 2019): 41–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/scine15.02.041.

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3

Boscheck, Ralf. "Patent Trolls: In Search of Efficient Regulatory Standards." World Competition 39, Issue 1 (March 1, 2016): 67–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/woco2016005.

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Current concerns about the growth of patent assertion entities (PAEs) are typically related to their presumed anti-competitive behaviour and negative impact on innovation in product and technology markets. Regulators, required to balance the legitimate interests of patent holders and licensees, call for evidentiary standards to efficiently appraise, and for the purpose of policy formulation, prejudge the reasonableness and welfare consequences of these undertakings. And yet, recent economic analyses still seem far from offering operational criteria that could translate into enforceable, let alone efficient, regulatory norms. And so, case analysis, particularly in the US context, turns into an ordeal trying to tweak the facts of these fairly new business models to suit time-honoured legal principles. Plainly, PAE efforts in general do not seem to be easily caught by US competition rules that assign antitrust liability based on harm to competition and the competitive process. This is not to suggest that they are pro-competitive per se but, rather, that any attack on them may give rise to ‘administratively hopeless, but generally exculpating, rule of reason defence’. It may be for that reason that US judicial, federal and state reforms – for better or for worse – have begun to target some of the leverage points and key drivers of the PAE business model.The welfare consequences of reduced IP enforcement will still need to be established. The EU Commission expects PAEs to be less active in Europe because of the loser pays principle in European courts, the smaller damage awards offered in successful cases, and because of the higher degree of predictability of outcomes in European specialist patent courts. Yet, similar to the US context, EU regulators are faced with the dilemma of devising standards that fit a variety of circumstances and yet can be easily applied. In both cases, regulatory delegation avoids the pitfalls of ordering complexities centrally. But it requires a set of simple meta-rules to guide lower-level decisions, adjust principles to circumstance and keep matters predictable. Delegation in the area of competition policy is limited by the adequacy of the economic reference that it employs. At this stage, in dealing with outsourced patent assertion and related licensing conditions, economic theory offers a wide yet insufficient menu of advice. The article has four parts: Section 1 discusses patent trends, actors, rights and obligations, and the nature of current regulatory concerns. Section 2 reviews the scant empirical analyses and model work on patent trolls. Section 3 examines regulatory concerns in view of US antitrust standards and lists alternative remedies. Section 4 concludes and offers some considerations related to the European context.

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4

Ashmarin, I. P., and E. P. Karazeeva. "Search for evolutionary ancient, relict, regulatory peptides." Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology 43, no. 1 (February 2007): 123–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0022093007010139.

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5

Tuan Pham, Michel, and Hannah H. Chang. "Regulatory Focus, Regulatory Fit, and the Search and Consideration of Choice Alternatives." Journal of Consumer Research 37, no. 4 (December 2010): 626–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/655668.

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6

Parnes, Dror. "The search for an optimal RBC regulatory system." Journal of Financial Economic Policy 6, no. 1 (April 1, 2014): 78–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfep-05-2013-0021.

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Purpose – The author assembles three hypothetical regulatory regimes and deploys computer simulations to contrast different banking systems based on conventional strategies for appointing risk-based capital minimum thresholds. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – The author instigates cascading failure models within numerous directed graphs and measures the inflicted costs, the accumulated bank failures, and the general robustness of the networks following various economic shocks. Findings – The author finds that a homogeneous regulatory regime is an inferior approach. However, a selected too-big-to-fail scheme portrays the best defensive banking model with the lowest number of total bank failures and the fewest banks' costs and social costs. Research limitations/implications – The author can only theoretically examine this topic. Originality/value – The author overcomes some obstacles in prior studies including the use of a large and complex network and the proportional allocation of funds upon a bank failure.

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7

de la Rosa, Mario Diaz, and Andrew J. Spakowitz. "Target Site Search Strategy Of Gene Regulatory Proteins." Biophysical Journal 96, no. 3 (February 2009): 366a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2008.12.1972.

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8

N. Mowle, Elyse, Emily J. Georgia, Brian D. Doss, and John A. Updegraff. "Application of regulatory focus theory to search advertising." Journal of Consumer Marketing 31, no. 6/7 (November 4, 2014): 494–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcm-06-2014-1003.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to test the utility of regulatory focus theory principles in a real-world setting; specifically, Internet hosted text advertisements. Effect of compatibility of the ad text with the regulatory focus of the consumer was examined. Design/methodology/approach – Advertisements were created using Google AdWords. Data were collected for the number of views and clicks each ad received. Effect of regulatory fit was measured using logistic regression. Findings – Logistic regression analyses demonstrated that there was a strong main effect for keyword, such that users were almost six times as likely to click on a promotion advertisement as a prevention advertisement, as well as a main effect for compatibility, such that users were twice as likely to click on an advertisement with content that was consistent with their keyword. Finally, there was a strong interaction of these two variables, such that the effect of consistent advertisements was stronger for promotion searches than for prevention searches. Research limitations/implications – The effect of ad compatibility had medium to large effect sizes, suggesting that individuals’ state may have more influence on advertising response than do individuals’ traits (e.g. personality traits). Measurement of regulatory fit was limited by the constraints of Google AdWords. Practical implications – The results of this study provide a possible framework for ad creation for Internet advertisers. Originality/value – This paper is the first study to demonstrate the utility of regulatory focus theory in online advertising.

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9

Baumbach, Jan, Karina Brinkrolf, Tobias Wittkop, Andreas Tauch, and Sven Rahmann. "CoryneRegNet 2: An Integrative Bioinformatics Approach for Reconstruction and Comparison of Transcriptional Regulatory Networks in Prokaryotes." Journal of Integrative Bioinformatics 3, no. 2 (December 1, 2006): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jib-2006-24.

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SummaryCoryneRegNet is an ontology-based data warehouse of corynebacterial transcription factors and regulatory networks. Initially, it was designed to provide methods for the analysis and visualization of the gene regulatory network of Corynebacterium glutamicum. Now we integrated the genomes and transcriptional interactions of three other corynebacteria, C. diphtheriae, C. efficiens, and C. jeikeium into CoryneRegNet; providing comparative analysis and visualization with GraphVis. We also integrated the high-performance PSSM search tool PoSSuM search to detect potential transcription factor binding sites within and across species. As an application, we reconstruct in silico the regulatory network of the iron metabolism regulator DtxR in the four corynebacteria.CoryneRegNet is freely accessible at https://www.cebitec.uni-bielefeld.de/groups/gi/software/coryneregnet/. The final slash (/) is mandatory. In order to use the GraphVis feature, Java (at least version 1.4.2) is required.

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10

Charoenwong, Ben, Alan Kwan, and Tarik Umar. "Does Regulatory Jurisdiction Affect the Quality of Investment-Adviser Regulation?" American Economic Review 109, no. 10 (October 1, 2019): 3681–712. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.20180412.

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The Dodd-Frank Act shifted regulatory jurisdiction over “ midsize” investment advisers from the SEC to state-securities regulators. Client complaints against midsize advisers increased relative to those continuing under SEC oversight by 30 to 40 percent of the unconditional probability. Complaints increasingly cited fiduciary violations and rose more where state regulators had fewer resources. Advisers responding more to weaker oversight had past complaints, were located farther from regulators, faced less competition, had more conflicts of interest, and served primarily less-sophisticated clients. Our results inform optimal regulatory design in markets with informational asymmetries and search frictions. (JEL G24, G28, K22, L51, L84)

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11

Prins, J. E. J., and M. H. M. Schellekens. "Fighting untrustworthy Internet content: In search of regulatory scenarios." Information Polity 10, no. 1,2 (November 22, 2005): 129–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/ip-2005-0069.

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12

Huber, Peter. "Electricity and the Environment: In Search of Regulatory Authority." Harvard Law Review 100, no. 5 (March 1987): 1002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1341053.

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13

Strott, Charles A. "The search for the elusive adrenal steroidogenic “regulatory” protein." Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism 1, no. 6 (July 1990): 312–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1043-2760(90)90070-j.

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14

Midwinter, Arthur, and Neil McGarvey. "In Search of the Regulatory State: Evidence From Scotland." Public Administration 79, no. 4 (December 2001): 825–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9299.00282.

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15

Shin, Sunyoung, Rebecca Hudson, Christopher Harrison, Mark Craven, and Sündüz Keleş. "atSNP Search: a web resource for statistically evaluating influence of human genetic variation on transcription factor binding." Bioinformatics 35, no. 15 (December 10, 2018): 2657–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/bty1010.

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AbstractSummaryUnderstanding the regulatory roles of non-coding genetic variants has become a central goal for interpreting results of genome-wide association studies. The regulatory significance of the variants may be interrogated by assessing their influence on transcription factor binding. We have developed atSNP Search, a comprehensive web database for evaluating motif matches to the human genome with both reference and variant alleles and assessing the overall significance of the variant alterations on the motif matches. Convenient search features, comprehensive search outputs and a useful help menu are key components of atSNP Search. atSNP Search enables convenient interpretation of regulatory variants by statistical significance testing and composite logo plots, which are graphical representations of motif matches with the reference and variant alleles. Existing motif-based regulatory variant discovery tools only consider a limited pool of variants due to storage or other limitations. In contrast, atSNP Search users can test more than 37 billion variant-motif pairs with marginal significance in motif matches or match alteration. Computational evidence from atSNP Search, when combined with experimental validation, may help with the discovery of underlying disease mechanisms.Availability and implementationatSNP Search is freely available at http://atsnp.biostat.wisc.edu.Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.

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16

Lozano-Velasco, Estefanía, Carlos Garcia-Padilla, Amelia E. Aránega, and Diego Franco. "Genetics of Atrial Fibrilation: In Search of Novel Therapeutic Targets." Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders-Drug Targets 19, no. 3 (October 21, 2019): 183–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1871529x19666190206150349.

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: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most frequent arrhythmogenic disease in humans, ranging from 2% in the general population and rising up to 10-12% in 80+ years. Genetic analyses of AF familiar cases have identified a series of point mutations in distinct ion channels, supporting a causative link. However, these genetic defects only explain a minority of AF patients. Genomewide association studies identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), close to PITX2 on 4q25 chromosome, that are highly associated to AF. Subsequent GWAS studies have identified several new loci, involving additional transcription and growth factors. Furthermore, these risk 4q25 SNPs serve as surrogate biomarkers to identify AF recurrence in distinct surgical and pharmacological interventions. Experimental studies have demonstrated an intricate signalling pathway supporting a key role of the homeobox transcription factor PITX2 as a transcriptional regulator. Furthermore, cardiovascular risk factors such as hyperthyroidism, hypertension and redox homeostasis have been identified to modulate PITX2 driven gene regulatory networks. We provide herein a state-of-the-art review of the genetic bases of atrial fibrillation, our current understanding of the genetic regulatory networks involved in AF and its plausible usage for searching novel therapeutic targets.

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17

Dendooven, Tom, and Ben F. Luisi. "RNA search engines empower the bacterial intranet." Biochemical Society Transactions 45, no. 4 (July 14, 2017): 987–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst20160373.

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RNA acts not only as an information bearer in the biogenesis of proteins from genes, but also as a regulator that participates in the control of gene expression. In bacteria, small RNA molecules (sRNAs) play controlling roles in numerous processes and help to orchestrate complex regulatory networks. Such processes include cell growth and development, response to stress and metabolic change, transcription termination, cell-to-cell communication, and the launching of programmes for host invasion. All these processes require recognition of target messenger RNAs by the sRNAs. This review summarizes recent results that have provided insights into how bacterial sRNAs are recruited into effector ribonucleoprotein complexes that can seek out and act upon target transcripts. The results hint at how sRNAs and their protein partners act as pattern-matching search engines that efficaciously regulate gene expression, by performing with specificity and speed while avoiding off-target effects. The requirements for efficient searches of RNA patterns appear to be common to all domains of life.

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18

Barnett, Melanie J., Dean Y. Hung, Ann Reisenauer, Lucy Shapiro, and Sharon R. Long. "A Homolog of the CtrA Cell Cycle Regulator Is Present and Essential in Sinorhizobium meliloti." Journal of Bacteriology 183, no. 10 (May 15, 2001): 3204–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.183.10.3204-3210.2001.

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ABSTRACT During development of the symbiotic soil bacteriumSinorhizobium meliloti into nitrogen-fixing bacteroids, DNA replication and cell division cease and the cells undergo profound metabolic and morphological changes. Regulatory genes controlling the early stages of this process have not been identified. As a first step in the search for regulators of these events, we report the isolation and characterization of a ctrA gene from S. meliloti. We show that the S. meliloti CtrA belongs to the CtrA-like family of response regulators found in several α-proteobacteria. In Caulobacter crescentus, CtrA is essential and is a global regulator of multiple cell cycle functions.ctrA is also an essential gene in S. meliloti, and it is expressed similarly to the autoregulated C. crescentus ctrA in that both genes have complex promoter regions which bind phosphorylated CtrA.

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19

Szydlo, M. "National parliaments as regulators of network industries: In search of the dividing line between regulatory powers of national parliaments and national regulatory authorities." International Journal of Constitutional Law 10, no. 4 (October 1, 2012): 1134–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icon/mos035.

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20

Moreira, Tiago, Carl May, and John Bond. "Regulatory Objectivity in Action." Social Studies of Science 39, no. 5 (September 17, 2009): 665–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306312709103481.

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In this paper, we investigate recent changes in the definition and approach to Alzheimer’s disease brought about by growing clinical, therapeutic and regulatory interest in the prodromal or preclinical aspects of this condition. In the last decade, there has been an increased interest in the biomolecular and epidemiological characterization of pre-clinical dementia. It is argued that early diagnosis of dementia, and particularly of Alzheimer‘s disease, will facilitate the prevention of dementing processes and lower the prevalence of the condition in the general population. The search for a diagnostic category or biomarker that would serve this purpose is an ongoing but problematic endeavour for research and clinical communities in this area. In this paper, we explore how clinical and research actors, in collaboration with regulatory institutions and pharmaceutical companies, come to frame these domains as uncertainties and how they re-deploy uncertainty in the ‘collective production’ of new diagnostic conventions and bioclinical standards. While drawing as background on ethnographic, documentary and interview data, the paper proposes an in-depth, contextual analysis of the proceedings of an international meeting organized by the Peripheral and Central Nervous System Drug Advisory Committee of the US Food and Drug Administration to discuss whether or not a particular diagnostic convention — mild cognitive impairment — exists and how best it ought to be studied. Based on this analysis we argue that the deployment of uncertainty is reflexively implicated in bioclinical collectives’ search for rules and conventions, and furthermore that the collective production of uncertainty is central to the ‘knowledge machinery’ of regulatory objectivity.

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21

Harris, Michael. "Environmental Deliberative Democracy and the Search for Administrative Legitimacy: A Legal, Positivism Approach." University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform, no. 44.2 (2011): 343. http://dx.doi.org/10.36646/mjlr.44.2.environmental.

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The failure of regulatory systems over the past two decades to lessen the environment degradation associated with modern human economic output has begun to undermine the legitimacy of environmental lawmaking in the United States and around the world. Recent scholarship suggests that reversal of this trend will require a breach of the environmental administrative apparatus by democratization of a particular kind, namely the inclusion of greater public discourse within the context of regulatory decision-making. This Article examines this claim through the lens of modern legal positivism. Legal positivism provides the tools necessary to test for and identify the specfic structural deficiencies of the administrative state as an environmental lawmaking institution. More importantly, legal positivism can be used to determine which changes to agency practice and procedure-of the many scholarly proposals to do so-would most likely be accepted by the U.S. legal system as a means to correct these deficiencies. To do so, however, American legal positivists must overcome their obsession with the U.S. Constitution as the measure of legal legitimacy in the American system. Instead, legitimacy of the environmental administrative state ultimately relies on fashioning rulemaking procedures that address American's innate distrust of official power The view of a reformed regulatory state presented in this Article is one where regulators continue to function as the technical and scientific experts, and in making policy determinations weigh the expert knowledge with the informed opinion of electorate and peer officials in the political branches of our government.

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22

Wanberg, Connie. "New Directions in Understanding Job Search: A Self-Regulatory Perspective." Academy of Management Proceedings 2013, no. 1 (January 2013): 12261. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2013.12261symposium.

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23

Kuron, Lisa K. J., and Simon Taggar. "Investigating Job Search Clarity: A Motivational and Self-Regulatory Perspective." Academy of Management Proceedings 2016, no. 1 (January 2016): 16915. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2016.16915abstract.

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24

De Lillo, Carlo, Marco Aversano, Elio Tuci, and Elisabetta Visalberghi. "Spatial constraints and regulatory functions in monkeys' (Cebus apella) search." Journal of Comparative Psychology 112, no. 4 (1998): 353–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0735-7036.112.4.353.

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25

Viard, I., and A. J. C. Stahl. "Search for a regulatory function of mitochondrial proteinases in yeast." FEBS Letters 180, no. 1 (January 21, 1985): 117–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0014-5793(85)80243-x.

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26

Nicholson, Charles, Leslie Goodwin, and Corey Clark. "Variable neighborhood search for reverse engineering of gene regulatory networks." Journal of Biomedical Informatics 65 (January 2017): 120–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbi.2016.11.010.

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27

Poulos, Rebecca C., Mathew A. Sloane, Luke B. Hesson, and Jason W. H. Wong. "The search for cis-regulatory driver mutations in cancer genomes." Oncotarget 6, no. 32 (August 20, 2015): 32509–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.5085.

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28

Cronin, Blaise. "Transatlantic perspectives on information policy: the search for regulatory realism." Journal of Information Science 13, no. 3 (June 1987): 129–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016555158701300302.

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29

Mu, Wenbo, Damian Roqueiro, and Yang Dai. "A Local Genetic Algorithm for the Identification of Condition-Specific MicroRNA-Gene Modules." Scientific World Journal 2013 (2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/197406.

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Transcription factor and microRNA are two types of key regulators of gene expression. Their regulatory mechanisms are highly complex. In this study, we propose a computational method to predict condition-specific regulatory modules that consist of microRNAs, transcription factors, and their commonly regulated genes. We used matched global expression profiles of mRNAs and microRNAs together with the predicted targets of transcription factors and microRNAs to construct an underlying regulatory network. Our method searches for highly scored modules from the network based on a two-step heuristic method that combines genetic and local search algorithms. Using two matched expression datasets, we demonstrate that our method can identify highly scored modules with statistical significance and biological relevance. The identified regulatory modules may provide useful insights on the mechanisms of transcription factors and microRNAs.

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30

Li, Yi, Zhihui Yuan, and Jing Liu. "Effects of regulatory focus and user perception on search engine advertising avoidance." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 45, no. 6 (July 7, 2017): 999–1006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.6133.

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We examined the effects of promotion and prevention types of regulatory focus and the 3 user perception factors of perceived goal impediment, perceived advertising clutter, and prior negative experience, on search engine advertising (SEA) avoidance. The participants comprised 348 in-service users of the Chinese search engine, Baidu. We found that regulatory focus, perceived goal impediment, perceived advertising clutter, and prior negative experience had a significantly positive effect on SEA avoidance. Moreover, each user perception factor fully mediated the relationship between regulatory focus and SEA avoidance. We also revealed 1 personality antecedent (regulatory focus) of SEA avoidance and examined how it functions. Our findings suggest that advertisers and search engine operators should differentiate between promotion-focused and prevention-focused users, and pay attention to the perceived experience of each user type.

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31

Hammal, Fayrouz, Pierre de Langen, Aurélie Bergon, Fabrice Lopez, and Benoit Ballester. "ReMap 2022: a database of Human, Mouse, Drosophila and Arabidopsis regulatory regions from an integrative analysis of DNA-binding sequencing experiments." Nucleic Acids Research 50, no. D1 (November 9, 2021): D316—D325. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkab996.

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Abstract ReMap (https://remap.univ-amu.fr) aims to provide manually curated, high-quality catalogs of regulatory regions resulting from a large-scale integrative analysis of DNA-binding experiments in Human, Mouse, Fly and Arabidopsis thaliana for hundreds of transcription factors and regulators. In this 2022 update, we have uniformly processed >11 000 DNA-binding sequencing datasets from public sources across four species. The updated Human regulatory atlas includes 8103 datasets covering a total of 1210 transcriptional regulators (TRs) with a catalog of 182 million (M) peaks, while the updated Arabidopsis atlas reaches 4.8M peaks, 423 TRs across 694 datasets. Also, this ReMap release is enriched by two new regulatory catalogs for Mus musculus and Drosophila melanogaster. First, the Mouse regulatory catalog consists of 123M peaks across 648 TRs as a result of the integration and validation of 5503 ChIP-seq datasets. Second, the Drosophila melanogaster catalog contains 16.6M peaks across 550 TRs from the integration of 1205 datasets. The four regulatory catalogs are browsable through track hubs at UCSC, Ensembl and NCBI genome browsers. Finally, ReMap 2022 comes with a new Cis Regulatory Module identification method, improved quality controls, faster search results, and better user experience with an interactive tour and video tutorials on browsing and filtering ReMap catalogs.

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NAKAYAMA, TOMOYOSHI, SHIGETO SENO, YOICHI TAKENAKA, and HIDEO MATSUDA. "INFERENCE OF S-SYSTEM MODELS OF GENE REGULATORY NETWORKS USING IMMUNE ALGORITHM." Journal of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology 09, supp01 (December 2011): 75–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219720011005768.

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The S-system model is one of the nonlinear differential equation models of gene regulatory networks, and it can describe various dynamics of the relationships among genes. If we successfully infer rigorous S-system model parameters that describe a target gene regulatory network, we can simulate gene expressions mathematically. However, the problem of finding an optimal S-system model parameter is too complex to be solved analytically. Thus, some heuristic search methods that offer approximate solutions are needed for reducing the computational time. In previous studies, several heuristic search methods such as Genetic Algorithms (GAs) have been applied to the parameter search of the S-system model. However, they have not achieved enough estimation accuracy. One of the conceivable reasons is that the mechanisms to escape local optima. We applied an Immune Algorithm (IA) to search for the S-system parameters. IA is also a heuristic search method, which is inspired by the biological mechanism of acquired immunity. Compared to GA, IA is able to search large solution space, thereby avoiding local optima, and have multiple candidates of the solutions. These features work well for searching the S-system model. Actually, our algorithm showed higher performance than GA for both simulation and real data analyses.

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33

Verma, Sonal, Khushboo Vaghela, and Maitreyi Zaveri. "Regulatory perspective of Drug Repurposing: Methods, Regulatory pathways and Hurdles." International Journal of Drug Regulatory Affairs 10, no. 2 (June 19, 2022): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/ijdra.v10i2.520.

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Drug repurposing is a phenomenon that aims at utilising an established and approved drug product or drug substance for an additional clinical indication apart from the one that it was intended for. The reprofiling of drug formulations creates an extensive arsenal of therapeutic options for drug products, thus making the practice a desirable and forthcoming procedure. There are several techniques and methods that have been adopted over the years to evaluate the various possibilities for the repurposing of drugs in search of a wider range of chemical therapeutics. The repurposing of drug products has provided, over the course of time several different advantages to the pharmaceutical industry, and yet remains an uncomprehended and over-looked procedure. The following paper attempts to identify the different benefits that are to be gained from the repurposing of drug products along with the approaches that have been used for the same. Additionally, the paper also discusses the regulatory perspective of drug repurposing, emphasising on the incentives that are available for various pharmaceutical sponsors as well the hurdles that are to be faced during the repurposing of a drug product or drug substance.

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34

Zhang, Yan, Xiaokui Molly Mo, Kunjie Fan, Achal Awasthi, Shenglong Tan, and Travis S. Johnson. "PgenePapers: a novel database and search tools of reported regulatory pseudogenes." International Journal of Computational Biology and Drug Design 13, no. 5/6 (2020): 504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijcbdd.2020.10036388.

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Awasthi, Achal, Shenglong Tan, Travis S. Johnson, Xiaokui lly Mo, Kunjie Fan, and Yan Zhang. "PgenePapers: a novel database and search tools of reported regulatory pseudogenes." International Journal of Computational Biology and Drug Design 13, no. 5/6 (2020): 504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijcbdd.2020.113820.

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36

TAEWON SONG. "A Critical Review of the regulatory discussion on Internet search services." Journal of hongik law review 17, no. 1 (February 2016): 595–621. http://dx.doi.org/10.16960/jhlr.17.1.201602.595.

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37

Fei, J., D. Singh, Q. Zhang, S. Park, D. Balasubramanian, I. Golding, C. K. Vanderpool, and T. Ha. "Determination of in vivo target search kinetics of regulatory noncoding RNA." Science 347, no. 6228 (March 19, 2015): 1371–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1258849.

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38

Natochin, Yu V., D. V. Golosova, and I. G. Kayukov. "Blood Serum Potassium and Sodium Concentration Constants: Search for Regulatory Factors." Human Physiology 44, no. 4 (July 2018): 418–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0362119718040102.

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Noman, N., and H. Iba. "Inferring Gene Regulatory Networks using Differential Evolution with Local Search Heuristics." IEEE/ACM Transactions on Computational Biology and Bioinformatics 4, no. 4 (October 2007): 634–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcbb.2007.1058.

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Lansiedel, Robert, Thomas Wächter, Ursula G. Sauer, Britta Wareing, Bettina Huhse, Angelika Langsch, Babara Grune, Andreas Luch, and Michael Schroeder. "Endpoint-centric search to support the information retrieval for regulatory programs." Toxicology Letters 211 (June 2012): S179. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2012.03.645.

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Davis, S. W., F. Castinetti, L. R. Carvalho, B. S. Ellsworth, M. A. Potok, R. H. Lyons, M. L. Brinkmeier, et al. "Molecular mechanisms of pituitary organogenesis: In search of novel regulatory genes." Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology 323, no. 1 (July 2010): 4–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mce.2009.12.012.

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Peralta, Sarah Osma. "SEARCH ENGINES IN COLOMBIA." Law, State and Telecommunications Review 12, no. 2 (October 13, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.26512/lstr.v12i2.34688.

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Purpose ”“ Considering the relevance of personal data protection, this article focuses on the identification of the criteria used by Colombian Courts regarding the rights to access, modification and erasure personal data within the context of information made available through search engines. This framework will expose the different cases ruled by the Colombian Constitutional Court as it attempts to highlight which were the criteria used by the courts that brought them to rule that search engines are mere intermediaries between the content makers and data subjects. Finally, this study aims to contribute not only to the data protection legal literature in Colombia, but also, to improve the possibilities to effectively implement user´s rights of online search engines in Colombia. Methodology ”“In order to achieve the purpose of this research project, the following methodological strategies will be employed: (i) Legal-analytical study, by way of reviewing the Colombian regulatory framework in order to map out main rules regarding the fundamental rights to access, modification and erasure of personal data, and determining which ones are the aspects hindering the effective implementation of the rights; (ii) Legal-theoretical study, where it reviews the issues identified by legal scholars as hampering the implementation of data protection rights in general; (iii) Legal-empirical study that aims to raise awareness regarding the incidence of the activities carried out by search engines in the life of data subjects. Findings ”“ The Colombian Constitutional Court has seen search engines as mere intermediaries, meaning they do not have to rectify, correct, eliminate or complete the information listed in the results they provide. This approach demands that the Judiciary enforces the existence of a right to request the erasure of links and the need of procedures provided by them to do it effectively without erasing or altering the content of the website. This delisting process should not be arbitrary based on conditions that allow data subjects to ask the erasure of links associated with their names. In the European Union, the conditions to get those results delisted are inadequacy, irrelevance, or excessiveness in relation to the processing purposes. The current position of the Constitutional Court about the search engines role and their responsibilities has not protected the user’s fundamental rights to privacy, reputation, and honor. Therefore, a more committed study on behalf of the Court is required. Practical Implications ”“ In the Muebles Caquetá Case, the Court must point out the importance of the activities carried out by online search engines, and force them to face the implications of being a “controller” of the processing of personal data that takes place within their services. I suggest that the Court itself should draft clear delisting guidelines considering the opinions of a group of impartial experts, civil society representatives and the local Data Protection Authority. Originality ”“ Considering the implications posed by personal data and data mining, this article identifies the legal and regulatory framework surrounding those activities and in way contribute to create a data protection culture in Latin America, raise awareness regarding the incidence of search engines in the life of data rights holders, identify possible disconnections between the existent regulatory framework for personal data rights, and facilitate the cooperation between Courts and stakeholders of the telecommunication and media sectors, based on the common goal of fulfilling the public interests of ensuring data protection rights.

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Gomes, Ignatius, Tiffany T. Sharma, Seby Edassery, Noreen Fulton, Brenton G. Mar, and Carol A. Westbrook. "Novel transcription factors in human CD34 antigen–positive hematopoietic cells." Blood 100, no. 1 (July 1, 2002): 107–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v100.1.107.

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Abstract Transcription factors (TFs) and the regulatory proteins that control them play key roles in hematopoiesis, controlling basic processes of cell growth and differentiation; disruption of these processes may lead to leukemogenesis. Here we attempt to identify functionally novel and partially characterized TFs/regulatory proteins that are expressed in undifferentiated hematopoietic tissue. We surveyed our database of 15 970 genes/expressed sequence tags (ESTs) representing the normal human CD34+ cells transcriptosome (http://westsun.hema.uic.edu/cd34.html), using the UniGene annotation text descriptor, to identify genes with motifs consistent with transcriptional regulators; 285 genes were identified. We also extracted the human homologues of the TFs reported in the murine stem cell database (SCdb; http://stemcell.princeton.edu/), selecting an additional 45 genes/ESTs. An exhaustive literature search of each of these 330 unique genes was performed to determine if any had been previously reported and to obtain additional characterizing information. Of the resulting gene list, 106 were considered to be potential TFs. Overall, the transcriptional regulator dataset consists of 165 novel or poorly characterized genes, including 25 that appeared to be TFs. Among these novel and poorly characterized genes are a cell growth regulatory with ring finger domain protein (CGR19, Hs.59106), an RB-associated CRAB repressor (RBAK, Hs.7222), a death-associated transcription factor 1 (DATF1, Hs.155313), and a p38-interacting protein (P38IP, Hs. 171185). The identification of these novel and partially characterized potential transcriptional regulators adds a wealth of information to understanding the molecular aspects of hematopoiesis and hematopoietic disorders.

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Malyugin, Sergey. "Regulatory Generalizations in the System of Law: The Concept, Basic Search Parameters, Varieties and Functional Meaning." Legal Concept, no. 4 (November 2019): 67–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/lc.jvolsu.2019.4.9.

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Introduction: the approach to the legal system study through the prism of its regulatory properties makes it necessary to study such a phenomenon as regulatory generalizations, to establish its search parameters, varieties and functions performed in the system of law, which is the purpose of this paper. The methodological framework for the study is presented by a complex of philosophical, general scientific and specific scientific means of cognition. Results: based on studying the scientific legal literature, legislation and law enforcement practice, the paper describes in detail the main parameters, defines the main varieties and functional purpose of regulatory generalizations. Conclusions: The obtained research data on regulatory generalizations allow establishing for them an independent place in the system of law that reveals the system of law as a regulatory system consisting of a set of components which are interrelated in meaning and functions. The paper defines regulatory generalizations as relatively independent constructs in the system of law, located in its content-essential section, manifested in the regulatory legal prescriptions, which express general approaches to the legal regulation of public relations and the semantic meaning of positive law.

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Yam, Carrie H. K., Sian M. Griffiths, S. Liu, Eliza L. Y. Wong, Vincent C. H. Chung, and E. K. Yeoh. "Medical Regulation." Journal of Medical Regulation 102, no. 1 (January 1, 2016): 16–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.30770/2572-1852-102.1.16.

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The licensing and regulation of physicians is an important topic worldwide and is often tied to discussions in various countries of health care system reform. We conducted a review of current practices for regulating physicians as a key group of health care professionals in eight jurisdictions in Asia and other parts of the world in order to draw implications for the development of future regulatory policies in Hong Kong. Jurisdictions studied included Australia, Canada, China, Malaysia, New Zealand, Singapore, the United Kingdom and the United States. A literature search, supplemented by interviews, was conducted. In analyzing information gathered about global regulatory systems, we used a framework for comparing regulatory typology, developed by the RAND Europe research institute. Our review found that the jurisdictions studied exhibited both similarities and differences in terms of how physicians are regulated and by whom. As a result of our search, we were able to identify 10 key trends in international medical regulation of importance to Hong Kong as it considers reforms to its health care system overall:Changes in medical regulation are seen as a way of improving the quality of patient care.Reform of medical regulation often requires government legislation.The creation of common principles for policies, structures and the organization of regulation between professions is an emerging practice.The involvement of lay people on boards and in inquiries is increasingly common.Medical regulation is moving away from models of self-regulation and toward regulatory models that emphasize partnership between professions and the public, physicians and patients.Health care providers and institutional regulators play complementary roles in medical regulation.Regulation impacts the quality of care — not just the detection and remediation of poor performance.Investigatory and disciplinary functions are increasingly separated and organized independently of each other.Continuous Professional Development (CPD) is compulsory for physicians in many jurisdictions.Overseas medical graduates are admitted into practice in different ways from country to country. These trends are important for regulators in all countries to note as they assess the basic structure and effectiveness of their own medical regulatory systems.

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Oikonomou, Eirini, Jane Carthey, Carl Macrae, and Charles Vincent. "Patient safety regulation in the NHS: mapping the regulatory landscape of healthcare." BMJ Open 9, no. 7 (July 2019): e028663. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-028663.

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ObjectivesThe current research project sought to map out the regulatory landscape for patient safety in the English National Health Service (NHS).MethodWe used a systematic desk-based search using a variety of sources to identify the total number of organisations with regulatory influence in the NHS; we researched publicly available documents listing external inspection agencies, participated in advisory consultations with NHS regulatory compliance teams and reviewed the websites of all regulatory agencies.ResultsOur mapping revealed over 126 organisations who exert some regulatory influence on NHS provider organisations in addition to 211 Clinical Commissioning Groups. The majority of these organisations set standards and collect data from provider organisations and a considerable number carry out investigations. We found a multitude of overlapping functions and activities. The variability in approach and overlapping functions suggest that there is no overall integrated regulatory approach.ConclusionRegulation potentially provides a variety of benefits in terms of maintaining the safety and quality of care by providing an external perspective on the care being delivered. However, the variability, extent and fragmentation of the regulatory system of the NHS make it hard for regulators to act effectively and places a massive burden on NHS provider organisations. Overlapping regulatory requests may distract locally driven initiatives to improve safety and quality. Further research is needed to understand the full extent of regulatory activity and the true benefits and costs incurred.

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Malova, T. A., and V. I. Sisoeva. "ТНЕ WORLD OIL MARKET: THE SEARCH FOR BALANCE IN THE NEW "OIL" REALITY." MGIMO Review of International Relations, no. 6(51) (December 28, 2016): 115–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2016-6-51-115-124.

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The article provides an analysis of change of the world oil market in the face of new "oil" reality. Factors of formation of new "oil" reality in the global world defined. Scientific background and current state of research of the problem are described. It is shownthat in the Russian and foreign literature the considerable attention is paid to the analysis of dynamics of the quantitative variables characterizing fluctuations and shocks in the oil market. At the same time the search for balance in the new "oil" reality are not considerably investigated yet. The proposed approach allows toreveal the substance of the transformation of the world oil market, to assess the changes in the oil market with the development of rhenium in terms of efficiency and functioning of the mechanism, the prospects of price volatility in the oil market. The main directions of transformation of the oil market are follows. Development of a subject basis of the oil market due to changes of a role of the main market players whose structure includes the USA, Saudi Arabia, Russia now. The impact of regulatory factors complex in the oil market towards equilibrium, which include activity of OPEC, supply of shale oil, future market,activity of the uniform regulator and national regulators. Transformation of the oil market in the direction of perfection of the competitive relations, achievement of optimum market balance as a result of coordination and interaction of interests of participants of the global oil market.

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Hamed, Raed I., S. I. Ahson, and R. Parveen. "A New Approach for Modelling Gene Regulatory Networks Using Fuzzy Petri Nets." Journal of Integrative Bioinformatics 7, no. 1 (March 1, 2010): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jib-2010-113.

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SummaryGene Regulatory Networks are models of genes and gene interactions at the expression level. The advent of microarray technology has challenged computer scientists to develop better algorithms for modeling the underlying regulatory relationship in between the genes. Fuzzy system has an ability to search microarray datasets for activator/repressor regulatory relationship. In this paper, we present a fuzzy reasoning model based on the Fuzzy Petri Net. The model considers the regulatory triplets by means of predicting changes in expression level of the target based on input expression level. This method eliminates possible false predictions from the classical fuzzy model thereby allowing a wider search space for inferring regulatory relationship. Through formalization of fuzzy reasoning, we propose an approach to construct a rule-based reasoning system. The experimental results show the proposed approach is feasible and acceptable to predict changes in expression level of the target gene.

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Roide, Nicholas A. "Fintech and Anti-Money Laundering Regulation: Implementing an International Regulatory Hierarchy Premised on Financial Innovation." Texas A&M Law Review 9, no. 2 (March 2022): 465–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.37419/lr.v9.i2.5.

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Innovations in financial technology (“fintech”) have rippling effects across global markets. Fintech firms utilizing virtual assets and disintermediating blockchain technology continue to rapidly grow in strength and number. As systemic risk mounts due to the inter-jurisdictional nature of fintech, antimony laundering (“AML”) regulators must search for an international answer to maintain global financial stability and protect consumers against illicit activities. A variety of solutions have appeared within local AML regulatory frameworks. These frameworks tend to function as a hierarchy with three ordered objectives: market integrity, rule clarity, and innovation. However, frameworks often place too much emphasis on market integrity and squeeze out the financial innovation inherent in the fintech sector. This Comment argues for an international AML regulatory hierarchy that places paramount importance on the innovative nature of fintech yet still promotes market integrity. This Comment examines the efficacy of this proposed hierarchy through the AML regulatory frameworks of several offshore financial centers (“OFCs”): Malta, Gibraltar, and Jersey. While OFCs have often been accused of light-touch regulation, they are championing a push into financial innovation with strong regulatory safeguards that maintain market integrity and guard against systemic risk. These AML regulatory frameworks provide support for the Comment’s central argument. The Comment concludes with an examination of methods by which the proposed hierarchy can be implemented. Ultimately, innovation hubs nurture regulatory learning and allow regulators to employ a conglomeration of initiatives such as regulatory sandboxes and mentorship regimes, which can be macro-produced to attain the desired hierarchical outcome.

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Olojede, Paul, Francis Iyoha, Ben-Caleb Egbide, and Olayinka Erin. "Regulatory agencies and creative accounting practices in Nigeria." Problems and Perspectives in Management 18, no. 3 (October 12, 2020): 465–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.18(3).2020.38.

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Regulation and regulatory agencies are to serve as external control mechanisms to ensure that the financial statements provide a fair view of the company’s operating performance and financial position, free of any unethical practice and suitable for all stakeholders’ needs. Despite the increasing importance of regulatory agencies in enforcing compliance with the standards and laws, it occupies a limited space in accounting research. This study, therefore, investigated the impact of regulatory agencies on creative accounting practices. The study used descriptive and survey research design to achieve its aim. It employed a multi-stage sampling technique, also questionnaires were distributed among 405 respondents consisting of preparers of accounts, users of accounts, and regulators. Out of the number distributed, the respondents returned 241 copies, and all of them were found suitable. The study used Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) to analyze the data and test the hypothesis. The empirical findings showed that the regulatory agencies jointly show a significant impact on creative accounting practices, but the level of contribution to the overall impact by each regulatory agency varies. The study concludes that Nigeria’s regulatory agencies are weak and inefficient in enforcing compliance with the relevant rules. The study recommends that the institutional capacity of the regulatory agencies should be strengthened by enforcing compliance with financial reporting rules and regulation. Most of these agencies should develop capacity in the areas of manpower, information technology infrastructures, and funding. Acknowledgment The authors acknowledge Covenant University who has solely provided the platform for this research and has also fully sponsored the research cluster search for data across the country.

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