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Journal articles on the topic 'Regulatory framework'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 20 February 2023

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1

CHIU, Iris H.-Y. "A Rational Regulatory Strategy for Governing Financial Innovation." European Journal of Risk Regulation 8, no. 4 (October 3, 2017): 743–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/err.2017.50.

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AbstractModern financial regulation has predominantly been economically-driven,1 progressing from addressing market failures to making markets more competitive and work better.2 The UK Financial Conduct Authority is expressly mandated to pursue regulatory objectives that maintain market integrity and protect consumers (addressing market failures) and to promote competition (making markets work better).3 Both the FCA and its sister regulator, the Prudential Regulation Authority (for banks), have recently adopted innovative regulatory initiatives to promote technologically-driven innovation, aimed at making markets work better. These initiatives are also a response to the recent explosion of technologically-led financial innovation outside of the regulatory perimeter.In promoting financial innovation, we argue that the regulators have insufficiently focused on the need to govern financial innovation more generally. Although this concern may seem premature, the regulatory innovations are increasingly extending the perimeter for regulatory oversight of financial innovations. As the regulatory innovations have the potential to develop into more mature regulatory frameworks for governing financial innovation, we argue that regulators should manage the risks of their current approach and develop a regulatory strategy framework for balancing regulatory objectives and developing regulatory policy. We propose a framework anchored in rationality, consistency and accountability in governing financial innovation.

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2

Abbott, Kenneth W., David Levi-Faur, and Duncan Snidal. "Enriching the RIT Framework." ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 670, no. 1 (March 2017): 280–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002716217694593.

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Regulation should be theorized as a three-party relationship (RIT), with intermediaries (I) playing diverse roles between the regulator (R) and the targets of regulation (T). Here we summarize and assess extensions of the basic RIT model introduced in the volume, including changes in regulatory relationships over time, chains of regulatory actors, and networks. We also draw lessons for regulatory policy from the volume as a whole, emphasizing the diverse goals that intermediaries pursue; the importance of how, and by whom, intermediaries are selected; the pathologies, such as regulatory capture, that may result from intermediaries’ character, goals, and origins; and opportunities to mitigate these pathologies through regulatory design.

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3

Hallur, Giri Gundu, and Vivek S. Sane. "Indian telecom regulatory framework in comparison with five countries: structure, role description and funding." Digital Policy, Regulation and Governance 20, no. 1 (January 8, 2018): 62–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/dprg-06-2017-0035.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present a cross-country qualitative comparative analysis of telecom regulatory frameworks of five countries with that of India. Adopting an institutionalist approach, this paper contributes to understanding of how institutional frameworks in these five countries are structured as compared to that in India so as to ensure division of the authority and scope of the regulator vis-a-vis that of the ministry, and the bureaucracy; financial autonomy of the regulator; redressal of grievances of individual consumers; and modification in the framework to cater to convergence of telecom and broadcasting. Design/methodology/approach The study is based on literature review of research papers, secondary research and documents published by the regulators of the five countries. The research methodology used is qualitative comparative analysis case-based research of five countries. The variables for comparison have been sourced from the World Bank Handbook for Evaluating Infrastructure Regulatory System. The researcher has adopted qualitative research method to bring forth the similarity, as well as the diversity in the regulatory setup of the five countries in comparison with India. Findings Analysis reveals that there is an absence of clear role definition for policy formulating body, the DoT and the regulatory body, the TRAI. The involvement of a number of bodies leads to duplication of regulatory functions in the TRAI, DoT and the Telecom Commission. Secondly, with respect to standards, compliance and spectrum management, the TEC and WPC function as divisions of DoT; however, the TRAI is entrusted with ensuring interoperability among service providers as well as spectrum management. This leads to duplication of regulatory functions and absence of a single authority. Lastly, funding of the TRAI is done through the departmental allocation given to DoT alone with no additional funds coming in the form of regulatory fees. This is seen to be specific to TRAI as other sector regulators in India have been empowered to collect fees from industry participants. The Indian framework shows two commonalities in comparison with the five countries; firstly, India has adopted self-regulation through the setting up of the Telco-consumer group-led consumer redressal process. The second similarity being convergence of the regulatory functions performed by the TRAI for the telecom as well as the information and broadcasting ministries, although the two ministries continue to function independently. Originality/value The paper furthers the understanding of the good practices in the design of telecom regulatory framework. It brings out the similarity and diversity in these frameworks. And, most importantly, it highlights limitations that the Indian telecom regulatory framework has in areas of role definition for the regulator, its autonomy and regulation of telecom-media convergence.

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4

Gritsenko, G. M., M. M. Chernyakova, and A. O. Ermakov. "Regulatory Framework for Dairies." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 753 (March 7, 2020): 082038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/753/8/082038.

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5

Kelly, L., M. Lazzaro, and C. Petersen. "Canadian Drug Regulatory Framework." Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 34, S1 (March 2007): S3—S10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0317167100005485.

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The role of regulatory drug submission evaluators in Canada is to critically assess both the data submitted and the sponsor's interpretation of the data in order to reach an evidence-, and context- based recommendation as to the potential benefits and potential harms (i.e., risks) associated with taking the drug under the proposed conditions of use. The purpose of this document is to outline the regulatory framework in which this assessment occurs, including: defining what “authorization to market a drug in Canada” means, in terms of the role of the sponsor, the responsibility of Health Canada in applying the Food and Drugs Act prior to and after marketing authorization, and the distinction between regulatory authorization versus physician authorization; highlighting organizational, process and legal factors within Health Canada related to authorization of clinical trials and authorization to market a drug; considerations during the review process, such as regulatory and scientific issues related to the drug, patient populations and trial designs; application of international guidelines, and decisions from other jurisdictions; regulatory realities regarding drug authorization, including the requirement for wording in the Product Monograph to accurately reflect the information currently available on the safe and effective use of a drug, and that hypothesis-confirming studies are essential to regulatory endorsement; current issues related to the review of therapies for dementia, such as assessing preventative treatments, and therapies that have symptomatic versus disease-modifying effects, statistical issues regarding missing data, and trial design issues.

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6

Bhaskar, V. "Challenges Faced by Independent Regulatory Agencies in India." Indian Journal of Public Administration 64, no. 3 (August 13, 2018): 404–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0019556118785429.

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This article examines the challenges faced by independent regulatory agencies (IRAs) in India today. It scrutinises the working of some trust-based self-regulating institutions, which the Government of India (GoI) is in the process of converting into a non-trust-based IRA framework. The article then reviews the functioning of the non-trust-based regulatory institutions through the lens of the electricity sector. It does this by examining the performance of these institutions against a ‘4CA’ framework: Capture, Capacity, Commitment, Communication and Accountability. It then attempts to draw generic lessons for regulators across all sectors. The article further examines additional challenges sectoral regulators will face arising from three areas: first, data privacy concerns and the requirements the proposed data regulator may impose; second, the interface with cross-sectoral regulators like the Competition Commission of India (CCI) which have jurisdiction across sectors; and third, interaction between sectoral regulators themselves.

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7

Khosla, Arpit, and Anuradha C.B. "Framework for Demystifying M2M Spectrum Regulation." Australian Journal of Telecommunications and the Digital Economy 6, no. 3 (August 31, 2018): 17–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.18080/ajtde.v6n3.139.

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The evolving M2M landscape not only cuts across diverse verticals but also embraces a range of networks and devices. This diversity leads to varied and dynamic requirements, which make regulatory policy formulation a daunting challenge. In this fast-changing environment, of all the regulatory policy dimensions, the one that confounds the regulator the most is the regulation of Spectrum. The typical dilemmas that regulators face in the domain of spectrum can be boiled down to questions like- Is the unlicensed band sufficient to maintain scalability with QOS for various use cases, Does the demand and other requirements warrant a separate licensed band for M2M etc. As expected, there is no panacea for spectrum access regulation. This can be attributed to the fact that the technical requirements (for example data throughput, reliability, range, and output power etc.) vary dramatically across the spectrum of use cases. To exacerbate the confusion in sizing up the varied and fast-changing technical requirements, a regulator is also expected to align its spectrum access policies to regulations and standards of other verticals. The advent of new Cognitive Radio, DSA, and other technologies, definitely don’t make the task of regulator any simpler. To us, the aforementioned situation implied that long-standing spectrum regulation principles and practices might have to go through an evolution. We do not claim that the basic objective of balancing spectrum demand, supply, and utilization will change. However, we believe that the way the regulator looks at these dimensions needs to change. To uncover this systematic change we researched the evolving practices of access network’s spectrum regulation across the globe, across verticals and across stakeholders. Then we tried to identify a pattern, which we crystallized into a simple framework. Our analysis is primarily based on secondary research. Via our paper, we wanted to share our perspective on the changed way in which regulator should look at Demand, supply, and utilization of Spectrum. In our paper, we propose a framework of factors, when considered, will help regulators look at this new world with an evolved lens. Using some selective samples our study also attempts at illustrating, as to how some of the proposed approaches (e.g. understanding spectrum demand) have been implemented by certain regulators. In certain sections of the paper, we also augment our view with specific data points from certain vertical industries. Finally, our study delves into earmarking and detailing the policy levers (e.g. Spectrum fees, sharing regulations, License Authorization Model) which can help regulator in reaching the aspired policy posture. The policy levers include both traditional and new age levers. Overall this framework attempts to demystify the spectrum policy regulation in the age of M2m/IOT. Additionally, our paper can also serve as a reference to many new players in M2M/IOT, who do not have a clear idea, as to what all ways, can a regulators spectrum policy impact their solution or their vertical.

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8

Khosla, Arpit, and Anuradha C.B. "Framework for Demystifying M2M Spectrum Regulation." Journal of Telecommunications and the Digital Economy 6, no. 3 (August 31, 2018): 17–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.18080/jtde.v6n3.139.

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The evolving M2M landscape not only cuts across diverse verticals but also embraces a range of networks and devices. This diversity leads to varied and dynamic requirements, which make regulatory policy formulation a daunting challenge. In this fast-changing environment, of all the regulatory policy dimensions, the one that confounds the regulator the most is the regulation of Spectrum. The typical dilemmas that regulators face in the domain of spectrum can be boiled down to questions like- Is the unlicensed band sufficient to maintain scalability with QOS for various use cases, Does the demand and other requirements warrant a separate licensed band for M2M etc. As expected, there is no panacea for spectrum access regulation. This can be attributed to the fact that the technical requirements (for example data throughput, reliability, range, and output power etc.) vary dramatically across the spectrum of use cases. To exacerbate the confusion in sizing up the varied and fast-changing technical requirements, a regulator is also expected to align its spectrum access policies to regulations and standards of other verticals. The advent of new Cognitive Radio, DSA, and other technologies, definitely don’t make the task of regulator any simpler. To us, the aforementioned situation implied that long-standing spectrum regulation principles and practices might have to go through an evolution. We do not claim that the basic objective of balancing spectrum demand, supply, and utilization will change. However, we believe that the way the regulator looks at these dimensions needs to change. To uncover this systematic change we researched the evolving practices of access network’s spectrum regulation across the globe, across verticals and across stakeholders. Then we tried to identify a pattern, which we crystallized into a simple framework. Our analysis is primarily based on secondary research. Via our paper, we wanted to share our perspective on the changed way in which regulator should look at Demand, supply, and utilization of Spectrum. In our paper, we propose a framework of factors, when considered, will help regulators look at this new world with an evolved lens. Using some selective samples our study also attempts at illustrating, as to how some of the proposed approaches (e.g. understanding spectrum demand) have been implemented by certain regulators. In certain sections of the paper, we also augment our view with specific data points from certain vertical industries. Finally, our study delves into earmarking and detailing the policy levers (e.g. Spectrum fees, sharing regulations, License Authorization Model) which can help regulator in reaching the aspired policy posture. The policy levers include both traditional and new age levers. Overall this framework attempts to demystify the spectrum policy regulation in the age of M2m/IOT. Additionally, our paper can also serve as a reference to many new players in M2M/IOT, who do not have a clear idea, as to what all ways, can a regulators spectrum policy impact their solution or their vertical.

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9

Apriantini, A., and A. K. Adhi. "Regulatory Framework for Poultry Slaughterhouses: Case Study in Debotabek Area, Indonesia." Jurnal Ilmu Produksi dan Teknologi Hasil Peternakan 5, no. 1 (January 31, 2017): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jipthp.5.1.15-22.

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10

Lee, Joseph, and Florian L’heureux. "A Regulatory Framework for Cryptocurrency." European Business Law Review 31, Issue 3 (May 1, 2020): 423–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/eulr2020018.

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The paper examines cryptocurrency in the crypto-finance ecosystem and identifies areas in which regulatory intervention is required. Part I focuses on the system and processes of cryptocurrency and identifies the features of this ‘decentralised’ system and the legal and regulatory implications. Part II discusses the perceived benefits and the rise of cryptocurrency to determine whether those benefits fit with regulatory objectives and contribute to the rise of cryptocurrency. Part III discusses the fall of cryptocurrency and some associated factors, particularly a lack of governance. Part IV discusses the need for regulation and governance. Cryptocurrency, blockchain, DLT, tokenization, cryptoasset, exchanges, investor protection

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11

GVOZDEV, Vladimir Dmitrievich. "REGULATORY FRAMEWORK FOR METROLOGICAL SUPPORT." Standards and Quality, no. 5 (2022): 16–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.35400/0038-9692-2022-5-207-21.

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12

Winsor, T. "The UK railway regulatory framework." Power Engineering Journal 15, no. 4 (August 1, 2001): 173–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/pe:20010401.

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13

Christl, Leah A., Janet Woodcock, and Steven Kozlowski. "Biosimilars: The US Regulatory Framework." Annual Review of Medicine 68, no. 1 (January 14, 2017): 243–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-med-051215-031022.

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14

Solleiro, Jose Luis, and Amanda Galvez. "Latin American biosafety regulatory framework." International Journal of Biotechnology 4, no. 4 (2002): 306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijbt.2002.002105.

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15

Bhargav, Aishwarya. "Regulatory framework in 3D printing." Journal of 3D Printing in Medicine 1, no. 4 (October 2017): 213–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/3dp-2017-0014.

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16

Winsor, T. "The UK railway regulatory framework." Engineering Management Journal 11, no. 4 (2001): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/em:20010405.

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17

Miller, Judith. "Canada: Building a Regulatory Framework." Nature Biotechnology 4, no. 3 (March 1986): 206–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nbt0386-206.

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18

Krylov, Denys, and Anton Chub. "THE CONCEPT, ESSENCE AND ROLE OF REGULATORY POLICY INECONOMY DEVELOPMENT." Scientific bulletin of Polissia, no. 1(22) (2021): 6–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.25140/2410-9576-2021-1(22)-6-15.

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The article proves that the main controllers of the effectiveness of regulatory policy are independent analitical centres, business associations and other non-governmental organizations. As reasons for the low quality of legal support, it is noted the complete secrecy of public authorities from citizens during the submission, discussion and decision-making.The main task of the study is to analyze the experience gained and generalize the existing conceptual framework to determine the nature and role of regulatory policy in the development of a market economy.It was found that from the point of view of system analysis and methodology of functional modeling, the control system of the object of public administration is called the regulator and provides its adaptive properties through feedback. Since public administration organizations cannot physically regulate the activities of all business entities without exception in the manual mode, the regulatory framework at the macro level is the regulatory field. This determines the rules of the market, the rights and obligations of all parties, as well as the relationship between them. At the same time, in the frameworkof the implementation of state regulatory policy, the existing regulatory framework is in itself an object of management. The regulator, in this case, are state bodies endowed with these functions, in accordance with the Law of Ukraine.The work provides a complex dynamic system with several levels of government: the first level of government, directly represents the state regulatory activity, where the object is the regulatory field, and the regulator -government agencies; the second level of management provides socio-economic development in the desired direction, where the object is the national economy or its individual sectors, small businesses, etc. Accordingly, the regulator is represented by the existing regulatory framework. The future formalization of this approach in the definition of regulatory policy will establish a causal relationship between public administration and economic development and ensure the effectiveness of such activities. The scientific novelty of this work is the further development of the concept and role of regulatory policy in ensuring the effective development of the economic system based on the analysis of research results of domestic scientists, which in contrast to existing tools state regulatory activity and strategic development of the country.

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19

Stanley, Shanapinda. "Regulatory effectiveness: Stakeholder perceptions of Namibia’s communications regulatory framework." South African Journal of Information and Communication, no. 14 (2015): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.23962/10539/20343.

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20

Maggetti, Martino, and Yannis Papadopoulos. "The Principal–Agent Framework and Independent Regulatory Agencies." Political Studies Review 16, no. 3 (November 21, 2016): 172–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1478929916664359.

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The goal of this contribution is to discuss the application of the principal–agent framework to the study of interactions between elected politicians – the principal – and independent regulatory agencies – the agent. Through a review of recent research we suggest that the principal–agent framework, despite its parsimony and analytical leverage, requires considerable refinement to make sense of these relations. Indeed, evidence on the functioning of independent regulatory agencies shows that some of their key practices tend to deviate from expectations based on the principal–agent framework. First, principals do not necessarily seek to exert control over agencies. Second, relations which structure the principal–agent mechanics other than those with elected principals are decisive in shaping the behaviour of regulators. Third, agencies can acquire political power over time and eventually subvert the logic of delegation. It is time to recognise that these deviations should not be conceived as anomalies but rather as systemic features that characterise post-delegation relations between elected politicians and independent regulators.

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21

Siciliani, Paolo. "The Disruption of the Prudential Regulatory Framework." Journal of Financial Regulation 5, no. 2 (September 2019): 220–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jfr/fjz009.

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ABSTRACT This article first explores how the prudential regulatory framework may be drastically changed as a result of the adoption of regtech and suptech innovations. The adoption of a shared data architecture, whereby the regulator is provided with seamless access to the accounts of regulated firms, may result in the development of a centralized approach to regulatory modelling, thus bypassing the existing partition between internal models and standardized approaches. Secondly, this article discusses how, thanks to the adoption of advanced predictive analytics, non-bank fintech lenders can gain insights into borrowers’ creditworthiness irrespective of banks’ control over traditional sources of information for credit scoring. This, though, may give rise to a new type of strategic gaming, this time by borrowers keen to maximize their chances of being granted a loan. In any case, preventing banks from adopting these new methods for the purpose of regulatory modelling might weaken their competitiveness. Thirdly, this article explores whether the transition to a centralized approach for credit risk management would conflate the distinction between microprudential and macroprudential interventions, in particular with respect to the countercyclical macroprudential policy. Finally, the article argues that non-bank (fintech) firms could be persuaded to coalesce behind endorsement of the new regulatory shared data platform in return for the support from the central bank. In this way, the regulatory perimeter could be extended in order to steer the adoption of financial innovations in a manner that benefits society overall.

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22

Madebwe, Tinashe. "The Quality of Botswana's Environmental Protection Regulatory Framework." Journal of African Law 64, no. 2 (March 20, 2020): 215–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021855320000078.

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AbstractThis article explores why Botswana's environmental protection regulatory framework is failing to stem environmental deterioration. Based on the observation that such deterioration persists despite the fact that there is a framework in place, the discussion draws from experience with successful environmental protection regulatory frameworks around the world. The discussion establishes that successful environmental protection regulatory frameworks incorporate numerical quality and ecological standards, a command and control approach (with context-sensitive alternatives to account for the approach's limitations), and credible enforcement mechanisms. This article measures the extent to which Botswana's environmental protection regulatory framework incorporates these elements; it identifies that the reason why the framework has failed to stem environmental deterioration is that it does not adequately incorporate these qualities and proposes how this could be addressed going forward.

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23

Ab Hamid, Nor ‘Adha, Ahmad Yani Ismail, and Tuan Nurhafiza Raja Abdul Aziz. "REGULATORY FRAMEWORK AND LEGAL CHALLENGES IN DIGITALIZATION OF ISLAMIC FINANCE." International Journal of Law, Government and Communication 6, no. 24 (June 15, 2021): 59–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.35631/ijlgc.624004.

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This article analyses regulatory and legal challenges that may subsist in Malaysia’s Islamic Finance digitalization moves. The country’s finance industry regulators have been proactive in digitalizing the dual finance industry. The regulators have announced relevant frameworks since 2016 to support and spur digitalization development. This investigation employs a qualitative research method to achieve the objective. Despite bold initiatives, the authors argued the issues require comprehensive attention by the regulatory authorities. Past researchers have identified the issues. In this research, the authors expand the discussions on the identified issues.

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Docters van Leeuwen, Arthur, and Fabrice Demarigny. "Europe’s securities regulators working together under the new EU regulatory framework." Journal of Financial Regulation and Compliance 12, no. 3 (September 2004): 206–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13581980410810786.

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25

Ashworth, Rachel, George A. Boyne, Neil McGarvey, and Richard M. Walker. "Regulating Public Bodies: The Case of Direct Service Organisations in British Local Government." Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 20, no. 3 (June 2002): 455–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/c15m.

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In recent years regulatory mechanisms and arrangements for public service organisations have become increasingly complex. In this paper we develop a theoretical framework that emphasises the potential importance of the following regulatory problems: regulatee resistance, ritualistic compliance, regulatory capture, performance ambiguity, and absence of performance data. This framework is applied to arrangements for the regulation of direct labour and direct service organisations in Scotland and Wales prior to the ‘Best Value’ regime. The results support the practical relevance of the analytical framework. Furthermore, whereas conventional perspectives suggest that the source of regulatory problems is the behaviour of regulatees, our evidence shows that the behaviour of regulators can also lead to regulatory failure; for example, through ritualistic compliance with procedures. The evidence also reveals a previously unidentified problem concerning a ‘fear of regulation’ on the part of regulators.

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Gao, Rong, Sophie Bouillet, and Ann M. Stock. "Structural Basis of Response Regulator Function." Annual Review of Microbiology 73, no. 1 (September 8, 2019): 175–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-micro-020518-115931.

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Response regulators function as the output components of two-component systems, which couple the sensing of environmental stimuli to adaptive responses. Response regulators typically contain conserved receiver (REC) domains that function as phosphorylation-regulated switches to control the activities of effector domains that elicit output responses. This modular design is extremely versatile, enabling different regulatory strategies tuned to the needs of individual signaling systems. This review summarizes structural features that underlie response regulator function. An abundance of atomic resolution structures and complementary biochemical data have defined the mechanisms for response regulator enzymatic activities, revealed trends in regulatory strategies utilized by response regulators of different subfamilies, and provided insights into interactions of response regulators with their cognate histidine kinases. Among the hundreds of thousands of response regulators identified, variations abound. This article provides a framework for understanding structural features that enable function of canonical response regulators and a basis for distinguishing noncanonical configurations.

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Areshonkov, Vitaliy. "Regulatory framework of technical-forensic research." Naukovyy Visnyk Dnipropetrovs'kogo Derzhavnogo Universytetu Vnutrishnikh Sprav 1, no. 1 (March 30, 2020): 194–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.31733/2078-3566-2020-1-194-199.

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The basic normative legal acts regulating carrying out of researches connected with forensic engineering as a section of forensics are considered. The law regulates the conduct of investigative actions in the detection, recording, seizure and investigation of objects that contain forensically significant information and can be used as evidence in criminal proceedings. The basic provisions of the Constitution of Ukraine are considered, which must be observed during conducting of forensic investigations. According to the author, in the draft law "On forensic activity in Ukraine" among the terms that are used in the text of the bill itself and are important for interpretation, namely: "expert institution", "head of expert institution". The head of the expert institution is the subject of the expert activity, but his authority, the amount of work performed, the competence is somewhat different from that of the ordinary expert. Therefore, it is necessary not only to provide the definition of the head of the expert institution, but also to supplement the bill with a separate article, where to state its rights and responsibilities. The following definition of the head of an expert institution is considered appropriate: "a person who performs the function of leadership during the organization and conduct of judicial examination in a subordinate unit". The author does not support the views of some scholars on the need to regulate these examina-tions in the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine (CCP). In our opinion, the types of expertise are of sci-entific rather than procedural importance, so it is not necessary to burden the CCP of Ukraine with unnec-essary provisions.

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J. Kabil, H. Hamidović,. "Personal health information security - Regulatory framework." IOSR Journal of Engineering 03, no. 09 (September 2013): 52–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/3021-03935255.

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29

Sancha, A. M., C. Espinoza, and J. P. Schifini. "Development of Regulatory Framework for Chile." Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2001, no. 11 (January 1, 2001): 488–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864701790860308.

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30

Schittekatte, Tim, Vincent Deschamps, and Leonardo Meeus. "The regulatory framework for independent aggregators." Electricity Journal 34, no. 6 (July 2021): 106971. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tej.2021.106971.

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31

Barillot, I., É. Monpetit, and P. Giraud. "Radiation therapy: Regulatory framework and constraints." Cancer/Radiothérapie 26, no. 1-2 (February 2022): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.canrad.2021.10.003.

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32

Bortaščenoks, Rolands, Baiba Purvlīce, Kristīne Mārtinsone, Elmārs Rancāns, Ivans Jānis Mihailovs, and Anda Ķīvīte – Urtāne. "PSYCHOLOGICAL HELP IN LATVIA – REGULATORY FRAMEWORK." SOCIETY. INTEGRATION. EDUCATION. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference 7 (May 21, 2019): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/sie2019vol7.3806.

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The field of psychological help in Latvia is undergoing significant changes that require reviewing past practices and professional activities. The term “psychological help” is used quite widely in Latvian regulation, not revealing the semantic difference from other terms as psychological treatment, psychological care, psychological support or psychological aid. The purpose of this article is to find out how the term "psychological help" is used in the regulatory documents of Latvia. The method of qualitative thematic analysis was used to analyse terminology use in selected documents (n115). As a result five topics describing psychological help were identified and defined in the regulatory documents of Latvia: “Professional diversity of psychological help providers”, “Indicators for professional help”, “Targets of professional help”, “Beneficiaries of psychological help”, “Methods of professional help”. The term psychological help in Latvian regulatory documents is revealed in a fragmentary and non-systematic way, which contributes to the confusion of terminological diffusion and boundaries of professional competences.

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33

Vodenicharov, Asen. "Legal Regulatory Framework of Cooperative Principles." International conference KNOWLEDGE-BASED ORGANIZATION 26, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 248–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/kbo-2020-0085.

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AbstractCooperatives are an essential structural element of national economies. They contribute to the sustainable and intensive economic growth and to the promotion and development of social market instruments. Due to their specific principles of organization and functioning, cooperatives are distinguished from all other forms of corporate typology, as well as from the state bodies, the nonprofit legal entities etc. Their characteristic features are manifested at national and cross-border European level. The principles on the basis of which cooperatives develop their activities and differentiate them from other organizational and legal establishments are emphasized in a number of acts of the European Union such as Council Regulation (EC) No 1435/2003 of 22 July 2003. The Statute for a European Cooperative Society (SCE) points out that their activity is based on „the specific features of cooperatives” and that „cooperatives are primarily groups of persons or legal entities with particular operating principles that are different from those of other economic agents”. The article analyzes the national legal frameworks and the European regulatory framework of the cooperative principles: voluntary and open membership, democratic member control, member economic participation, autonomy and independence, education, training and information, cooperation among co-operatives and concern for community.The relationships between them as well as those in the context of the normative regulation of cooperative values are explored.

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Gibbs, Jeffrey N. "OSTP Shores Up the Regulatory Framework." Nature Biotechnology 4, no. 8 (August 1986): 690. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nbt0886-690.

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Reddy, K. Srinivasa. "Regulatory framework of mergers and acquisitions." International Journal of Law and Management 58, no. 2 (March 14, 2016): 197–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijlma-03-2015-0013.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present various institutional laws that refer to mergers and acquisitions (M & As) in India and recommend a few guidelines for institutions and multinational managers participating in foreign investment and acquisition deals. Design/methodology/approach – The study is intended to review, summarize and discuss the legal framework that adheres to M & As, takeovers and foreign investment. Findings – Major observations from the comprehensive review include the fact that higher-valuation inbound deals have been delayed or have failed because of a weak financial infrastructure, erratic nature of government officials and political intervention, and the newly elected government has aimed to attract higher inflow of investments from other developed and emerging markets by easing investment rules and offering tax holidays. Research limitations/implications – This paper, indeed, reflects unseen empirical observation with regard to the characteristics of the market for acquisitions in the given country, which has been left to further research. Practical implications – The comprehensive review of acquisition laws in India and recommendations would help prospective stakeholders, namely, policymakers, M & A advisors, legal consultants, investment bankers, multinational managers and private equity firms. Originality/value – This study presents atypical work, which presents a review of M & A laws in India, and it recommends fruitful guidelines for institutions in general and managers in particular.

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Madhamshettiwar, Piyush B., Stefan R. Maetschke, Melissa J. Davis, and Mark A. Ragan. "RMaNI: Regulatory Module Network Inference framework." BMC Bioinformatics 14, Suppl 16 (2013): S14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2105-14-s16-s14.

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Kingsbury, David T. "The Regulatory ‘Coordinated Framework’ for Biotechnology." Nature Biotechnology 4, no. 12 (December 1986): 1071–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nbt1286-1071.

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Elamvazhudi, Chezhian. "Event monitoring framework for Regulatory Compliance." International Journal of Computer Trends and Technology 68, no. 5 (May 25, 2020): 45–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.14445/22312803/ijctt-v68i5p110.

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Irwin, Alan, Henry Rothstein, Steven Yearley, and Elaine McCarthy. "Regulatory science—Towards a sociological framework." Futures 29, no. 1 (February 1997): 17–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-3287(96)00063-8.

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Kiessling, T., and Y. Blondeel. "The EU regulatory framework in telecommunications." Telecommunications Policy 22, no. 7 (August 1998): 571–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0308-5961(98)00036-6.

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Mansour, M. "The emerging regulatory framework for nanomaterials." Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology and Medicine 2, no. 4 (December 2006): 281. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nano.2006.10.062.

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Schiffman, Arnold. "GROUND-WATER CONTAMINATION -A REGULATORY FRAMEWORK." Ground Water 26, no. 5 (September 1988): 554–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1988.tb00788.x.

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Griffith, Richard, and Cassam Tengnah. "Understanding clinical trials: the regulatory framework." Nurse Prescribing 5, no. 4 (May 2007): 173–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/npre.2007.5.4.23617.

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Marciszewska, Elżbieta, Paweł Zagrajek, and Adam Hoszman. "REGULATORY FRAMEWORK OF EU TRANSPORT MARKET." Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego Problemy Transportu i Logistyki 35 (2016): 101–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.18276/ptl.2016.35-10.

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Howlett, J. F. "Low-digestible carbohydrates: the regulatory framework." British Journal of Nutrition 85, S1 (March 2001): S55—S58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn2000262.

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Legislation is described that impacts on the use of low-digestible carbohydrates in foods. This includes controls on the use of these carbohydrates, mandatory labelling concerned with gastrointestinal effects, nutrition labelling, and nutrition and other claims. Regional differences in approach to legislation have led to inconsistencies in the information that must be provided to consumers, even for the same food products. Also, within regions, different regulations apply to food carbohydrates that may be classified similarly from the physiological perspective. Consistency of food labelling globally and in application to similar carbohydrates would benefit from greater attention to the underpinning science.

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CLAROTTI, Paolo. "THE REGULATORY FRAMEWORK OF ECONOMIC COMMUNITY." Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics 64, no. 1 (January 1993): 113–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8292.1993.tb01385.x.

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Jain, Rekha. "Operationalizing a Regulatory Framework in India." Vikalpa: The Journal for Decision Makers 22, no. 3 (July 1997): 29–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0256090919970303.

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India has undertaken a number of economic and telecom policy reforms such as private participation and introduction of competition both in basic and value-added services. Legislation to set up a Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) has recently been enacted in the Parliament. This paper focuses on the proposed structure, scope, and functions of TRAI in the context of some of the critical issues facing the Indian telecom sector and analyses its role in addressing these issues.

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Cardona, E., and A. Piacentino. "Cogeneration: a regulatory framework toward growth." Energy Policy 33, no. 16 (November 2005): 2100–2111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2004.04.007.

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West, A. S. "Worker hazard communications: The regulatory framework." Plant/Operations Progress 10, no. 1 (January 1991): 13–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prsb.720100105.

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Matijašević, Martin, and Dejan Kostić. "Regulatory framework in the field of environmental protection." Biljni lekar 50, no. 1 (2022): 48–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/biljlek2201048m.

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Regardless of the existence of significant differences at the national and regional level, plans, programs, actions and improvements in environmental protection are a global problem, which requires global solutions. Modern society must faster and better understand the warning of scientists and experts about the state of the environment, ie. the fact that there are fewer and fewer free, original and unpolluted environments, with a staggering tendency to further decline. On the other hand, the endangered, degraded and devastated ones are more and more, with a tendency to grow and much faster than it seems at first glance, faster than the science from the end of our century could have imagined. At the same time, it is important to point out that by disturbing the ecological balance and ecosystem, the future of man and his survival is endangered. The subject of the analysis is the legal regulation of environmental protection in the Republic of Serbia and the European Union, both in the theoretical and practical domain of its application, and therefore special attention will be paid to regulations in the field of environmental protection.

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