Academic literature on the topic 'Regulatory dietary standards'

Introduction:Nutraceuticals although is a widely accepted term and now well understood, there exists several nomenclature and definitions across the countries. The present article discussed the progression of Indian food product regulations over the years, mainly emphasizing on regulations of nutraceuticals and dietary supplements.Regulatory Progression in India:The regulatory structure of nutraceuticals in India has evolved after the establishment of Food Safety and Standard act in 2006, which brought together preexisting eight laws to one single law regulated by Food Safety and Standard Authority of India (FSSAI). After the introduction of this act, the regulatory framework of food products progressed year by year with continuous amendments to this Act. The major milestone in the field of nutraceuticals was in 2016 with the introduction of regulations of functional food and nutraceuticals. Under these regulations, various guidelines were laid down for nutraceuticals in terms of their safety standards, health claims along with permissible limits of active ingredients and excipients for the safe and effective use.Conclusion:India has progressed in the development of a strong regulatory framework for nutraceuticals; however, to effectively implement these guidelines and for ensuring the safe and nutritious food, a robust system and a better-coordinated actions are required.

Supplements for smoking-related lung diseases are considered as nonfood products and thought to improve health. Multivitamins and antioxidants are the most commonly dietary supplements used by cancer and asthma patients. There are currently no clear regulatory guidelines that include dietary supplements and their effect on lung cancer and asthma patients, particularly in smokers. Several countries have taken steps to overcome challenges in regulating dietary supplements in the marketplace. These challenges include inadequate assurance of safety/efficacy, inaccuracy of product labeling, misleading health claims, and lack of analytical techniques for dietary supplements. There is a need to establish standards and regulation of dietary supplement use in patients with lung cancer and asthma. The aim of this entry is to expand knowledge on dietary supplements use and smoking-related lung diseases (lung cancer and asthma).

Background Fish oil supplements that are rich in omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs). PUFAs are among the most widely-used dietary supplements globally, and millions of people consume them regularly. There have always been public concerns that these products should be guaranteed to be safe and of good quality, especially as these types of fish oil supplements are extremely susceptible to oxidative degradation. Objectives The aim of the current study is to investigate and examine the oxidation status of dietary supplements containing fish oils and to identify important factors related to the oxidation status of such supplements available in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Methods A total of 44 fish oil supplements were analysed in this study. For each product, the oxidative parameters peroxide value (PV), anisidine value (AV), and total oxidation (TOTOX) were calculated, and comparisons were made with the guidelines supplied by the Global Organization for EPA and DHA Omega-3s (GOED). Median values for each of the above oxidative parameters were tested using the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests. P values < 0.05 were chosen as the statistically significant boundary. Results The estimate for the average PV value was 6.4 with a 95% confidence interval (CI) [4.2–8.7] compared to the maximum allowable limit of 5 meq/kg. The estimate for the average P-AV was 11 with a 95% CI [7.8–14.2] compared to the maximum allowable limit of 20. The estimate for the average TOTOX value was 23.8 meq/kg with a 95% CI [17.4–30.3] compared to the maximum allowable limit of 26 according to the GOED standards. Conclusion This research shows that most, although not all, of the fish oil supplements tested are compliant with the GOED oxidative quality standards. Nevertheless, it is clear that there should be a high level of inspection and control regarding authenticity, purity, quality, and safety in the processes of production and supply of dietary supplements containing fish oils.

The soaring rates of dietary-related diseases have increased the need for communicating consumers' health and food resource environment. As a wholesome food, health care products improve the nutrition content of food products and make consumers change their food choices. Therefore, branding is considered an important tool in connecting on the value of health and contributing towards healthier food resource environment. Being faced with Chinese health care products brand development and the problems of creation and new regulatory situation and opportunities for engineering, government departments should establish and improve relevant scientific technology evaluation system , regulatory standards , and innovative mechanisms in the premise of food safety insurance through health education and other means , to strengthen market supervision and guidance of the masses, and to promote the health care products development and improve the food resource environment.

Abstract This review of whole grain and dietary fiber recommendations and intake levels was presented at the symposium on whole grains, dietary fiber, and public health, convened in Beijing, China, on May 11, 2018. The review reflects on inconsistencies among the definitions of whole grains and fiber as well as recommended intake levels in different countries. The lack of consistent dietary recommendations from authoritative sources may delay the regional implementation and consumer adoption of diets that include whole grains and fiber. Currently, few countries include specific intake recommendations for whole grain, and even among those countries with guidance the recommendations can be vague and qualitative. As a result of the well-documented associations between increasing whole grain intake and reduced disease risk, there is compelling evidence to create clear, actionable dietary recommendations for both whole grains and fiber. Furthermore, work is ongoing to develop uniform standards for whole grain and whole-grain food to ensure recommendations are being met. Health and regulatory authorities are encouraged to acknowledge the public health benefits that could be derived from strong, clear whole-grain and dietary fiber recommendations; examine existing definitions (whole grain as an ingredient, whole-grain food, and dietary fiber); and adopt the most appropriate approach to best serve public health needs for their respective populations.

Both toxicology and epidemiology are used to inform hazard and risk assessment in regulatory settings, particularly for pesticides. While toxicology studies involve controlled, quantifiable exposures that are often administered according to standardized protocols, estimating exposure in observational epidemiology studies is challenging, and there is no established guidance for doing so. However, there are several frameworks for evaluating the quality of published epidemiology studies. We previously developed a preliminary list of methodology and reporting standards for epidemiology studies, called Good Epidemiology Practice (GEP) guidelines, based on a critical review of standardized toxicology protocols and available frameworks for evaluating epidemiology study quality. We determined that exposure characterization is one of the most critical areas for which standards are needed. Here, we propose GEP guidelines for pesticide exposure assessment based on the source of exposure data (i.e., biomonitoring and environmental samples, questionnaire/interview/expert record review, and dietary exposures based on measurements of residues in food and food consumption). It is expected that these GEP guidelines will facilitate the conduct of higher-quality epidemiology studies that can be used as a basis for more scientifically sound regulatory risk assessment and policy making.

ObjectivePoor diet is a leading cause of death worldwide. Doctors are well placed to provide dietary advice, yet nutrition remains insufficiently integrated into medical education. Enforcement of curriculum or accreditation requirements such as nutrition requires relevant regulatory frameworks. The aim of this review was to identify nutrition content or requirements for nutrition education in accreditation standards or formal curriculum guidance for medical education internationally.DesignNon-systematic comparative analysis.Data sourcesAn internet search using the Google Search engine, the WHO Directory of Medical Schools and Foundation for Advancement of International Medical Education and Research Directory of Organizations that Recognise/Accredit Medical Schools was conducted through September 2020 to identify government and organisational reports as well as publications from regulatory and professional bodies relevant to medical education.Eligibility criteriaEligible publications included (A) accreditation standards, (B) competency standards or a framework, (C) curricula, and (D) assessment content.Data extraction and synthesisWe stratified findings by country or region and both preregistration and postregistration education. Findings were synthesised based on the existence of nutrition content or requirements for nutrition education within systems used to guide medical education internationally.ResultsThis review found that despite an emphasis on meeting the needs of the community and the demands of the labour market, only 44% of accreditation and curriculum guidance included nutrition. Nutrition remains inadequately represented in accreditation and curriculum guidance for medical education at all levels internationally. Accreditation standards provide a mandated framework for curricula and inclusion of nutrition in accreditation frameworks provides an incentive for the integration of nutrition into medical education.ConclusionsThis review is a call to action for the medical profession including government, health agencies and educational and accreditation entities. The inclusion of nutrition in medical education has appeared throughout medical education literature for more than five decades, yet without consensus standards there is little likelihood of uniform adoption.

Dietary carbohydrates are components of healthy foods, but many carbohydrate foods have recently been stigmatized as primary causes of diet-related risk factors for chronic disease. There is an opportunity to enhance efforts within the food landscape to encourage the consumption of higher quality carbohydrate foods. The use of labelling is one strategy that permits consumers to identify healthy carbohydrate foods at the point-of-purchase. This review discusses the regulatory frameworks and examples of associated non-mandatory food labelling claims that are currently employed to highlight healthy carbohydrate foods to consumers. The existing labelling frameworks discussed here align with established measures of carbohydrate quality, such as 1. dietary fibre nutrient content claims and associated dietary fibre-based health claims; 2. the presence of whole carbohydrate foods and ingredients that are intact or reconstituted, such as whole grains; and 3. low glycemic index and glycemic response claims. Standards from Codex Alimentarius, and regulations from Australia and New Zealand, Canada, Europe, and the United States will be used to illustrate the means by which food labelling can be used by consumers to identify quality carbohydrate foods.

ABSTRACT We examined international regulatory developments related to the use of proteinogenic amino acids in human nutrition and concluded that the current risk-assessment practices tend to focus exclusively on setting maximum daily limits. In this brief review we argue that controlling the standards of purity and ingredient quality are the key safety issues that should be considered during risk assessment. Moreover, if maximum intake limits on amino acids are implemented, they should be defined using a well-established rationale for the health risks associated with high intakes. This would avoid setting limits that are so low that they render the dietary supplements ineffective and which, therefore, could mislead the consumer. We further suggest that there should be greater regional concordance in how the use of amino acids as ingredients is regulated and use the capacity of industry to oversee pre-competitive issues, such as standards of purity and scientific research on the safety of generic ingredients. Our arguments are based on clinical safety scientific research and oversights of amino acid purity standards conducted in the last decade by the not-for-profit international association, the International Council on Amino Acid Science.

The rapid increase in the use of nutraceuticals by large segments of the American population presents both a challenge and professional opportunity for pharmacists. Nutraceuticals include dietary supplements, functional foods, and medicinal foods. The regulations regarding the marketing and advertising of nutraceuticals are less stringent than those governing pharmaceuticals. Quality control standards for nutraceuticals vary significantly among manufacturers. Information regarding clinical effectiveness and interaction of nutraceuticals with pharmaceuticals is not readily accessible to many pharmacy practitioners. Pharmacists' formal education in recent decades deemphasized the clinical use of natural products. While the growing public interest in nutraceuticals presents a new opportunity to pharmacy for patient service, the current regulatory and information climate presents significant challenges to the rendering of such service.

There is community concern about toxic contaminants in Chinese herbal medicines. The two areas of contamination that attract most attentions are the nephrotoxic chemical, aristolochic acids found to be present in some Chinese herbs and resulting in renal failure of over 200 patients in Belgium, and heavy metals such as lead, arsenic, cadmium, mercury and chromium, which can cause systemic, CNS, neurological and developmental pathologies. Currently there is a lack of systematic information about the aristolochic acid content in Aristolochia species and related genera, nor have there been any studies on metal contamination conducted in Australia which can provide some scientific basis for assessment of potential risk of Chinese herbal medicines posed to consumers in Australia. This research aimed at addressing these concerns by firstly carrying out a systematic measurement of the contents of aristolochic acids in some relevant raw herbal medicines (CHM) and proprietary medicines (CPM)- 27 CHM, and 7 CPM, and secondly analysing the contents of five heavy metals in 100 CHM, 50 CPM, and 5 commonly used Chinese medicinal formulae (CMF) in the form of raw herbs, and finally evaluating the potential systemic metal toxicity caused by routine ingestions of Chinese medicines in the common form of encapsulated concentrated powder extracts formulated for the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis by means of measuring the metal concentrations in blood collected from 71 patients in a randomised double-blind control clinical trial (RCT). Results showed that four of the 37 CHM and two of the 7 CPM contained the banned toxic aristolochic acids. Some of these contaminated medicines could still be purchased over-the-counter in Victoria. Quantitative screening of metal contamination in CHM found that metal concentrations were much lower in the aqueous solutions than in the acid-digested samples. Almost all CHM, CPM and the 5 CMF contained the five heavy metals. Contrary to popular perception, their metal concentrations in the clinically ingested form were extremely low. Their prescribed ingested contents calculated as percentages of the universally recognised regulatory safety standards, the WHO provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI), would produce only small percentages of the PTWI for the metal concerned. This was true even when the metal intakes from any forms of Chinese medicines were added to the normal Australian daily dietary metal exposure. These new approaches of analysing the aqueous extractions, as well as interpretation with reference to the WHO regulatory standards and in combination with the Australian normal daily diet, are more relevant and realistic. The RCT in vivo study demonstrated no significant metal accumulation in the blood of both the real treatment group and the placebo control group, thus, attesting to the encouraging finding of the herbal medicine analysis. In conclusion, there is still much to improve in Australia in terms of enforcing the regulation of banning the sale of Chinese herbal medicines that might contain the highly nephrotoxic aristolochic acids. On the other hand, all forms of Chinese medicines in Victoria are safe, and do not appear to pose significant health concerns in terms of metal contamination.