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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Regulations'
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VON, HOFSTEN LINNEA. "Understanding Financial Regulations A Case Study of European Regulations." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-232495.
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Pettinicchio, Angela Kate. "Auditing and regulations." Thesis, City University London, 2011. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/11662/.
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Effective financial reporting has become of critical importance in our economic markets and the international accounting scandals of the last decades have accentuated the role of auditing in protecting stakeholders' interests and contributing to an efficient functioning of financial markets. Auditing regulation has been at the centre of recent international debates (e.g. EU Green paper; 2010) and different regulatory interventions have been put in place in different countries and in different periods of time. From a theoretical point of view, there is a broad spectrum of regulatory choices that legislators could take, the extremes being self-regulation and government direct interventions. My empirical works focus on two extreme examples of how regulation may interact with auditing processes with the ultimate objective of improving financial information and therefore enhancing the effectiveness of financial markets. In one case, I analyze whether an example of enforced audit self-regulation is effective in improving audit quality and ultimately, reporting quality. In particular, I analyze the mandatory audit rotation rule, i.e. the rule imposing the change of the auditor after a specified period of time, as a potential means to increase auditor independence and therefore audit and reporting quality. I then study a case of direct monitoring activity on reporting quality carried out by a supervising body, namely the SEC in the U.S., and how this interacts and influences audit processes. The evidence collected may be useful to legislators in order to understand the potential effects of different audit regulatory choices and therefore to effectively address the need of high-quality auditing which strongly characterize our economic markets especially after the financial and accounting scandals.
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Parry, Dylan Wyn. "Rural Subdivision Regulations." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/190386.
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Tong, González Francisco. "Administrative Simplification and "Positive Regulation" in the Environmental and Mining Regulations." Derecho & Sociedad, 2015. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/119160.
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In this article, the author studies the objectives and principles established during the 90’s,with respect to administrative simplification in contrast with the current governmental objectives for the optimization of the economy and reduction of unnecessary procedures,basically related to mining and environmental proceedings. Finally, the author proposes theneed for a structural change in Peruvian Mining and Environmental Regulations under the framework of what he calls a «positive regulation».En el presente artículo el autor reflexiona acerca de los objetivos y principios trazados en la década del noventa, en lo que respecta específicamente a la simplificación administrativa comparándolos con los objetivos actuales de dinamización de la economía y reducción de trámites innecesarios; principalmente, los referidos a procedimientos mineros y ambientales. Finalmente, el autor plantea la necesidad de un cambio estructural en la regulación ambiental y minera bajo la forma de lo que denomina una «regulación positiva».
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Horobchenko, Denys Volodymyrovych, Денис Володимирович Горобченко, and Денис Владимирович Горобченко. "Telecommunication regulations: pricing policy." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2006. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/21500.
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CHEN, XI. "Essays on Disclosure Regulations." Doctoral thesis, Università Bocconi, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11565/4039518.
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No abstract availableIn the series of papers, I attempt to investigate the economic consequences of disclosure regulations and I am interested in exploring the novel context of risk disclosure beyond traditional financial reporting, such as cybersecurity, flood risk, consumer protection, and global adoption of integrated reports and environmental, social and governance (ESG) executive compensation metrics. My first paper focuses on positive spillover effects of disclosure policy in the U.S. flood risk disclosure setting, my second paper focuses on negative unintended consequences of disclosure policy in the U.S. data breach disclosure setting, and my third paper investigates the interplay between external disclosure policy and internal incentives in the international integrated reporting setting. The first paper, titled “Aggregate Spillover Effects of Mandatory Transparency: Evidence from Flood Risk Disclosure in the U.S.”, is my single-authored job market paper. I examine whether staggered mandatory transparency in flood risk has aggregate spillover effects on the mortgage industry. I respond to the call for research on the market- wide or aggregate effects of disclosure regulation and provide initial evidence for welfare analysis of mandatory transparency policy. I predict, and find, that by providing more credible and complete information about the value of housing collateral, mandatory flood risk disclosure reduces the uncertainty of credit risk and, on average, increases mortgage lending. I also find that these positive spillover effects only arise for properties with low flood risk, and are significantly greater relative to those with high flood risk ex ante. This highlights that creditors respond to mandatory transparency policy by introducing more lending to the industry as a whole. The second paper, titled “Mandatory Data Breach Transparency and Insider Trading”, is a joint work with Gilles Hilary and Xiaoli (Shaolee) Tian. We study the unintended consequences of staggered mandated data breach notification laws on insider-selling behaviors. We find that trading profits are greater after states require firms to disclose breaches. The effect is concentrated among firms located in states that implement weaker versions of the law. Unless financially constrained, firms located in states that implement stricter versions increase their cyber-related investment. In contrast, the weaker laws lead to an increase in idiosyncratic crashes. These crashes as well as the lack of cyber-related investments are linked to the profitability of insider sales. These findings indicate that mandatory data breach disclosures reveal adverse events that may not have surfaced otherwise and increase managers’ incentives to sell their shares to avoid future losses. Thus mandatory transparency policies may have unintended consequences and they must be carefully designed to avoid negative externalities. The third paper, titled “When one just is not enough: The joint effect of Integrated Reporting and ESG incentives on firm value”, is a joint work with Ariela Caglio and Gaia Melloni. We study the economic benefits deriving from combining corporate Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) disclosure with ESG incentives. Drawing on complementarity theory, we argue that the combined adoption of both ESG disclosure and ESG incentives helps firms to avoid their merely symbolic use and leads to performance benefits. Our results show that the combination of Integrated Reporting (IR) with ESG incentives improves firms’ value measured as ex post realized operating cash flows in the short, medium and long term. We also suggest that the specific characteristics of ESG incentives (time orientation, completeness and specificity) matter. Therefore, not only the presence of such incentives, but also how firms design them is relevant to achieve the value creation benefits stemming from coupling ESG incentives with ESG disclosure.
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Björk, Ljunggren Viktoria, and Malin Norén. "Rules and regulations in logistics." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Kommunikations- och transportsystem, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-94739.
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Detta examensarbete handlar om att ta fram ett kompendium beskrivande några viktiga punkter om juridik inom logistik. Målgruppen för kompendiet är nyexaminerade logistikstudenter från utbildningarna vid KTS-avdelningen. Detta då det upplevs av uppdragsgivaren att det finns för lite inslag av juridik i utbildningarna. För att ta fram ett underlag för vilket innehåll som skulle kunna vara intressant för kompendiet har en enkätundersökning genomförts där tidigare studenter från programmen besvarat frågor utifrån deras egna erfarenheter efter examen. Utöver detta har kompletterande undersökningar gjorts där arbetsgivare samt nuvarande studenter har besvarat frågor angående logistik inom juridikområdet. Med hjälp av svaren från enkätundersökningarna har kompendiet skapats, innehållande olika ämnen som kan tänkas vara bra för en nyexaminerad logistikstudent att ha kunskap om. De ämnen som behandlas i kompendiet handlar bland annat om gränsöverskridande handel, godstrafik på nationell och internationell nivå, transportvillkor samt regler kring arbetstider.
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Noack, Harald. "Perspectives of European Banking Regulations." Universität Potsdam, 2013. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2013/6876/.
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1. Introduction
2. The architecture of the financial market regulation in Europe prior to the crisis
3. The new architecture of the financial market regulation in Europe
4. Actual issues of the political discussion on further needs to adapt the regulation and the structure of the financial markets in Europe
5. A brief summary
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Zur, Hausen Henning. "CRS regulations and the GATS." Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=22708.
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In the course of the last decade, computer reservation systems have become the prime channel for the distribution of air transport services. While their benefits for consumers, travel agents and airlines are undisputed, CRS have caused considerable legal problems in both the CRS and the airline industries. As self-regulation did not prove to be effective, different authorities have issued instruments addressing the relevant issues.After a brief presentation of the CRS industry and of the main legal problems, the first part of this thesis will give a detailed analysis of three major CRS regulations: The Regulations on Carrier-Owned Computer Reservation Systems, issued by the United States Department of Transportation, the EEC Council Regulation on a code of conduct for computerized reservation systems and the Code of Conduct for the Regulation and Operation of Computer Reservation Systems, adopted by ICAO.
The second part will deal with the General Agreement on Trade in Services, which forms part of the GATT and which will be applicable to CRS services. General remarks about services will be followed by an analysis of the GATS, emphasizing provisions which could be of relevance for the operation of CRS.
The concluding third part of the thesis will comment on the impact of GATS on the CRS industry, on its suitability as a world-wide regime for the operation of CRS and on the relationship between GATS and ICAO.
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Bhowal, Subhendu. "Heterogenous banks and macroprudential regulations." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/121836.
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Thesis: S.M. in Management Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 2019Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 47-49).
This paper studies how financial intermediation varies across banks. Bank size is a first-order determinant of banks' capital structure in the cross-section. Largest banks have the lowest capital-to-asset ratio and the lowest ratio of Tier-1 capital against risk-weighted assets. These large banks earn a larger interest income per dollar invested in their loan portfolio than small banks, and they maintain the highest net interest margins among all banks. A cash flow sensitivity analysis shows that the largest banks are the most tightly constrained by minimum capital requirement, while all other banks maintain capital in excess of minimum capital requirement regulation. Empirically, banks do not adjust their lending portfolio dollar for dollar as their net profits increase or lever up immediately by issuing more deposits. Further, we find that the financial accelerator amplifies productivity shock in aggregate data. The impulse response to total productivity shock shows that the loan volume of the capital-constrained largest banks does not respond positively to positive productivity shocks. This is in contrast to smaller banks that increase loans when productivity improves in the economy.
by Subhendu Bhowal.
S.M. in Management Research
S.M.inManagementResearch Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management
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Travis-Johnson, Cheryl. "Mortgage Regulations and Compliance Strategies." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6285.
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In 2010, regulators established new rules for single-family mortgage services that tightened the loan amount consumers could qualify for, restricted fees lenders could charge, and placed numerous financial penalties for improper servicing of loans. Regulatory fee restrictions made it difficult for leaders to offset the compliance costs through the price of services provided. Leaders responsible for mortgage regulatory compliance experienced increased operating costs for single-family mortgage services due to the new regulations, and some leaders found it challenging to comply and remain competitive. The purpose of this multiple case study was to explore strategies leaders in the single-family mortgage services industry used to comply with federal regulations and remain competitive. The study population included 5 leaders responsible for single-family mortgage regulatory compliance from the southwestern and northern regions of the United States Porter's 5 forces analysis was the conceptual framework. Data were collected using semistructured interviews and analysis of data from a website hosted by government regulators. Data were analyzed using color-coded transcriptions, methodological triangulation, member checking, and coding software. Themes that emerged from data analysis revealed that costs and control methods for regulatory compliance strategies required leaders to change their infrastructure to remain competitive and profitable. The implication of this study for positive social change relates to competitive pricing for single-family mortgage loans for consumers yielding an increase in home ownership.
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Ansari, Saira. "Calcium control of smooth muscle myofilament activity : an integrated dual regulations [i.e regulation system]." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.405559.
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Chhabria, Maneesh L. Nelling Edward F. "Two essays on mutual fund regulations /." Philadelphia, Pa. : Drexel University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1860/3247.
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Seto, Debbie W. H. "Condominium conversion regulations in British Columbia." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26916.
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The thesis examines the condominium conversion regulations of thirteen municipalities in the Vancouver Metropolitan area to determine how effective they are in addressing the concerns underlying conversion policies. The study begins with a review of the Canadian housing literature over the past two decades in order to identify the nature of Canadian rental housing problems, how these problems are defined and analyzed; and what policy prescriptions are offered. As part of the review of municipal conversion regulations, the legal context and the extent of legislative power for implementing conversion controls by local governments are examined. The study also examines the concept of private property rights--a fundamental philosophical issue in the policy debate over conversion regulations.
Although the literature provides no consensus on the underlying causes or the appropriate policy response, it is clear that there are serious problems with Canada's urban rental housing sector. The problems include persistently low vacancy rates, declining private rental starts and the difficulty experienced by a considerable portion of low- and moderate income renters in affording private rental units. The province of British Columbia provides municipalities with broad discretionary powers to regulate conversions. In spite of the potential to devise comprehensive and innovative policy responses, existing municipal conversion regulations tend to be narrow in scope, inconsistently applied and many contain serious loopholes. A closer examination of recent conversion trends in the City of Vancouver provides evidence to show that conversions continue to take place and that Vancouver's conversion regulations are aimed primarily at ensuring compensation for displaced tenants, rather than effectively protecting the city's rental housing stock.
The thesis concludes that if municipalities are to maintain a diversity of choice in housing tenure, a re-evaluation of conversion policies at both the provincial and municipal levels is warranted. Conversion policies can be improved by combining several approaches such that the strength of one compensates for the weakness of another. Further research is needed in the areas of rental housing demolitions, deconversions, fire and other phenomenon which contribute to the depletion of the rental stock. If wise and informed policy decisions are to be made, the detailed accounting of annual rental housing starts and completions must include those units lost through conversions and other activities.Applied Science, Faculty of
Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of
Graduate
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Button, Catherine. "WTO review of national health regulations." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.273098.
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Jhang, Won Gi. "Regulations in health care and labour." Thesis, University of York, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.487848.
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This study focused on the contents of regulations in the area of health care and labour with a national systems' perspective, differing from many other studies which were interested in regulatory agencies. According to a new policy classification devised for defining regulation, this study analysed the data of the national registration programme for government regulations of the Republic of Korea.
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Yip, Winnie Chi-man. "Physician response to medicare fee regulations." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/11950.
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Noyman, Ariel. "POWERSTRUCTURES : the urban form of regulations." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/99301.
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Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Architecture, 2015.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 232-236).
This thesis aims to explore the relationship between urban form and law, regulation and policy in the built environment. It depicts the roots, the necessity and exponential growth of regulations across the urbanized world and portrays their effects on urban design and architecture. Through several contemporary case studies, this thesis investigates the power and flux of regulation on the formation of modern cities. It focuses on the hidden mechanisms that construct or dissemble cities, setting the argument for lawmaking as an act of design. Moreover, this thesis depict the design, deployment and operation of a Tangible Regulation Platform, a physical-technological apparatus made for the distilment of regulations. The platform is set to exemplify the effects of regulations on a designated territory, allowing planners, designers, stakeholders and community members a common ground for discussion and decision making. An accessible and self-explanatory tool, this platform illustrates the relationship between urban form and regulations, offering a seamless and transparent process of regulation-based urban design. Lastly, projecting on the foreseen future of law and urbanism, this thesis proposes an alternative data and performance-based approach for the making of new regulations. Beyond excelling the processes of design under regulations, this platform and other new tools are offered to help facilitate a discussion on the way future regulations will be devised, improving both the design processes and their final outcome.
by Ariel Noyman.
S.M.
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Goldsworth, John Graham. "International financial regulations : a legal perspective." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.648322.
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Stoll-Davey, Camille. "Global comparison of hedge fund regulations." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2008. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:d08de3ea-6818-46cf-96b1-1bbb785a7504.
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The regulation of hedge funds has been at the centre of a global policy debate for much of the past decade. Several factors feature in this debate including the magnitude of current global investments in hedge funds and the potential of hedge funds to both generate wealth and destabilise financial markets. The first part of the thesis describes the nature of hedge funds and locates the work in relation to four elements in existing theory including regulatory competition theory, the concept of differential mobility as identified by Musgrave, Kane’s concept of the regulatory dialectic between regulators and regulatees, and the concept of unique sets of trust and confidence factors that individual jurisdictions convey to the market. It also identifies a series of questions that de-limit the scope of the present work. These include whether there is evidence that regulatory competition occurs in the context of the provision of domicile for hedge funds, what are the factors which account for the current global distribution of hedge fund domicile, what latitude for regulatory competition is available to jurisdictions competing to provide the domicile for hedge funds, how is such latitude shaped by factors intrinsic and extrinsic to the competing jurisdictions, and why do the more powerful onshore jurisdictions competing to provide the domicile for hedge funds not shut down their smaller and weaker competitors? The second part of the thesis examines the regulatory environment for hedge funds in three so-called offshore jurisdictions, specifically the Cayman Islands, Bermuda and the British Virgin Islands, as well as two onshore jurisdictions, specifically the United Kingdom and the United States. The final section presents a series of conclusions and their implications for both regulatory competition theory and policy.
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Richards, Tanya Krystine. "Legal regulations of internet services providers." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2001. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/36871/1/36871_Richards_2001.pdf.
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The objective of this thesis work is to establish the legal regulations of Internet service providers and establish that there is in fact a body of regulations in existence now for their regulation. While at this time there is feeling in the marketplace that there is insufficient legal regulation of Internet service providers, this thesis has uncovered an existing statutory regime of regulations and obligations. In addition to this existing statutory regime there is further emerging regulations and obligations currently in progress and it can be expected that it will continue to emerge with the industry emergency.
Form a commercial perspective it has been shown that the telecommunications, information technology, communications and entertainment industries are converging with the Internet as a mutual channel for delivery of their existing services. This emergence of a merged industry places the Internet service provider in an interesting position from a regulatory perspective. The Internet service provider is in fact regulated not only by a number of legislative pieces, but also by a number oflegislative bodies.
The term Internet service provider is not an easily defined term. The legal definition is found in the legislation based upon the commercial decisions that the Internet service provider makes, and the term itself is only used in the Broadcasting Services Act. The definition from a layperson point of view is less defined and in many instances does not contain significant correlation with the laypersons expectation of the definition of the term. The life span of the term Internet service provider is questionable. It is difficult to ascertain how long the term will be in common use with the rapid emergence of technology, and if it is still in common usage, if it will have the same meaning as it does at the time of this thesis.
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Zanconato, Francesca. "Dissecting TAZ biology: mechanisms and regulations." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3426291.
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The central theme of this thesis is TAZ, a transcriptional co-activator that works - together with its homologue YAP - as transducer of the mammalian Hippo pathway.
Since the beginning of my PhD training, I have been involved in the investigation of TAZ function and regulation in breast cancer stem cells. Our findings established TAZ as a molecular determinant of self-renewal and tumorigenic potential in breast cancer cells. Indeed, the vast majority of high grade breast tumors (known to be enriched with cancer stem cells) display a strong positive staining for TAZ, compared with normal mammary tissue and low grade tumors. Experiments described in the first part of this thesis show that TAZ protein is stabilized in cells that have undergone an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, or simply lost the apico-basal polarization proper to epithelial cells. Indeed, in polarized epithelial cells the basolateral determinant Scribble activates the Hippo kinases to inhibit TAZ; in depolarized cells (including cells in malignant carcinomas) this inhibitory mechanism is disabled and TAZ can accumulate. How TAZ overexpression modifies the cell to turn it into a cancer stem cell is the object of ongoing work. Part of these results was published in (Cordenonsi et al., 2011).
During the last year, I have collaborated on a second project, dealing with TAZ regulation by Wnt signaling (Azzolin et al., 2012). We have found that Wnt signaling activates TAZ along with β-catenin. This happens because, in the absence of Wnt signals, phosphorylated β-catenin drives TAZ degradation; Wnt stimulation thus leads to the parallel stabilization of β-catenin and TAZ. Experiments presented here show that β-catenin effectively inhibits TAZ activity in the absence of Wnt signaling, and that TAZ stabilization is instrumental in both physiological and pathological Wnt biological responses.Il tema centrale di questa tesi è TAZ, un co-attivatore trascrizionale che – insieme al suo omologo YAP – funge da trasduttore della Hippo pathway nei mammiferi. Dal primo anno di dottorato, ho partecipato allo studio della funzione e la regolazione di TAZ nelle cellule staminali del tumore al seno. I risultati ottenuti dimostrano che TAZ è un determinante molecolare della capacità di auto- rinnovamento (self-renewal) e delle proprietà tumorigeniche di cellule di tumore mammario. La maggioranza dei tumori di alto grado istologico (che contengono un numero elevato di cellule staminali tumorali) esprimono livelli di TAZ più alti rispetto al tessuto sano della ghiandola mammaria e ai tumori di basso grado istologico. Gli esperimenti descritti nella prima parte di questa tesi dimostrano che TAZ è stabilizzato – a livello di proteina – in cellule epiteliali che hanno subito una trasformazione mesenchimale, o hanno perso la polarità apico-basale tipica delle cellule epiteliali. Infatti, in cellule epiteliali polarizzate Scribble, un determinante basolaterale, attiva le chinasi della Hippo pathway ed inibisce TAZ; in cellule depolarizzate (come molte cellule nei carcinomi maligni) questo meccanismo è inattivo e TAZ si accumula. Come la stabilizzazione di TAZ modifichi le cellule per trasformarle in cellule staminali tumorali è oggetto di studi attualmente in corso. Parte di questi risultati è stata pubblicata in (Cordenonsi et al., 2011). Durante l’ultimo anno, ho collaborato ad un secondo progetto, dedicato alla regolazione di TAZ da parte di Wnt/β-catenina (Azzolin et al., 2012). I segnali Wnt attivano TAZ insieme a β-catenina. Ciò è dovuto al fatto che, in assenza di Wnt, β- catenina fosforilata porta TAZ al proteasoma; la stimolazione con Wnt determina quindi la stabilizzazione parallela di β-catenina e TAZ. Gli esperimenti qui presentati dimostrano che β-catenina inibisce l’attività biologica di TAZ in assenza di Wnt, e che la stabilizzazione di TAZ ha un ruolo funzionale nelle risposte biologiche (sia fisiologiche che patologiche) ai segnali Wnt.
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Lyons, David. "Do environmental regulations matter? : environmental regulation, the petrochemical industry and economic growth in Taiwan, 1953-2003." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.407946.
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Borbon, Galvez Yari. "Capabilities meet regulation : the compliance processes of Mexican food supply chains with United States biosecurity regulations." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2013. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/45518/.
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This thesis explores how Mexican fresh produce supply chains have responded to US bio-security regulations designed to prevent the intentional and accidental contamination of imported food. It explores the compliance processes, which are theorised using a framework drawn from the Resource-Based View (RBV) and the Supply Chain Governance (SCG) literatures. The constructs developed herein regarding capabilities and supply chain ‘governance structures' complement previous Regulation Studies (RS) explaining compliance behaviour. The thesis analysed 12 case studies, and tested causal conditions of compliance using a multi-value Qualitative Comparative Analysis (mvQCA) method. The main results show: 1) the pathways to meet the regulatory requirements; 2) the limited diversity of capabilities associated with higher levels of compliance; and 3) the importance of tight supply chain coordination to source and exchange knowledge for compliance, regardless of how or who governs the supply chain. The thesis contributes to various academic debates. It removes the RVB assumptions that resources and capabilities are intrinsically valuable and complementary, and therefore contributes towards making the theory less tautological. It shows how SCG benefits when the effects of supply chain integration and coordination are examined independently. It differentiates between firms lacking willingness and firms lacking capabilities to comply, making it possible to define suitable regulatory strategies for each type of firm. The thesis makes a methodological contribution as it is one of the first studies applying the mvQCA in Science, Technology and Innovations Studies (STIs). The new methodology is used here to test the causal conditions of compliance, but can also be applied to innovative performance more generally. The thesis concludes by showing how US regulations were effective in achieving their regulatory aims without significant negative consequences, and suggesting that STI regulatory policies can be used to increase business engagement to prevent the intentional and accidental contamination of the food chain.
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Villegas, Palacio Clara. "Formal and informal regulations : enforcement and compliance /." Göteborg : University of Gothenburg, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2077/22402.
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Adams, Walker T. "Democracy Index Scores & Political Finance Regulations." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2013. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/713.
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Are political finance regulations supportive or counterproductive to achieving democratic ideals? Do they foster political pluralism and fight corruption? Do they infringe upon political rights like freedom of speech? If they infringe upon rights while fighting corruption, what is the lesser evil? There are so many questions that fuel the debate on political finance regulation. Scholars rarely, if ever, arrive at a consensus in answering any of them. There are many studies that look for relationships between regulations and specific variables in individual countries, but seldom have scholars searched for relationships between regulations and broad measurements of democracy like index scores. This study discovers that positive relationships do exist between index scores and regulations even if they do not reach a meaningful degree of statistical significance in most cases.
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Moon, Nam Sung 1972. "Modes and regulations of CDPCux DNA binding." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=38244.
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The CDP/Cux transcription factor contains four DNA binding domains: three Cut repeats (CR1, CR2 and CR3) and the Cut homeodomain (HD). The CCAAT-displacement protein (CDP) was first identified as it represses transcription of certain promoters by competing for the occupancy of the CCAAT sequence. CDP was then found to be the ortholog of the Drosophila Cut protein (Cux: Cu t homeobox&barbelow;). The goal of my project was to define the modes of interactions of CDP/Cux with DNA. I demonstrated that high affinity DNA binding requires the cooperation between at least two of the CDP/Cux DNA binding domains. Among all combinations of domains, Cut repeats 1 and 2 (CR1CR2) and Cut repeat 3 and the Cut homeodomain (CR3HD) exhibited the highest DNA binding affinities, but with different kinetics and specificities. Whereas CR1CR2 bound with fast kinetics to dimers of CART or CGAT, CR3HD bound to ATCGAT with slow kinetics. CR1CR2 was shown to be responsible for the CCAAT displacement activity of CDP/Cux. Surprisingly, the full-length CDP/Cux protein, p200, exhibited DNA binding properties similar to that of CR1CR2, indicating that CR3HD is inactive in this context. However, an amino terminally truncated 110 KDa CDP/Cux isoform capable of stable interaction with DNA was identified in cellular extracts. The p110 isoform was shown to be generated by proteolytic cleavage of p200 at the G1/S transition. The p200 and p110 isoforms displayed different transcriptional activities in reporter assays, as only p110 was able to activate transcription from the DNA polymerase a gene promoter. Interestingly, expression of p110 was found to be increased in human uterine leiomyomas as compared to the adjacent normal myometrium, raising the possibility that proteolytic processing of CDP/Cux is activated in cancer cells. Finally, cyclin D/CDK4 was shown to interact with CDP/Cux, phosphorylate it on several serine residues and inhibit proteolytic processing as well as DNA binding by CR3HD. Repla
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Metheekul, Snomnart. "GMPCS regulations in the US and Thailand." Thesis, McGill University, 1997. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=20223.
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This thesis will examine the utilization of the Low Earth Orbit (LEO) regime by Global Mobile Personal Communications by Satellite Systems (GMPCS) operators and the requirements that governments must fulfill in order to acquire orbit/spectrum resources from the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) for the purpose of deploying GMPCS. In addition, it will study the administrative obligations to consult and notify the International Satellite Organizations (ISOs) of the proposed LEO-based satellite systems so as to prevent technical incompatibility and economic harm to existing ISO systems. The regulations of three ISOs, namely the International Satellite Organization (INTELSAT), the International Maritime Satellite Organization (INMARSAT) and the European Telecommunications Satellite Organization (EUTELSAT) will be examined in this context. Also included is an examination of United States regulations (as exemplar of regulations in a developed country) and regulatory recommendations for GMPCS consumer countries, in particular, less developed countries (LDCs), such as Thailand.
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Tontoh, Francis. "Evaluation of Money Laundering Regulations in Ghana." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för management, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-1188.
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Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to identify and appraise within the Ghanaian environment the level of regulations in combat of money laundering and terrorism financing, the extent of the regulation and the effectiveness of the regulations or laws. Method: Research methodology will be based on qualitative data collection and analysis approach which will consider the gathering of information personally by the researcher including interviews based on structured or semi-structures questions to potential respondents Theory: The theory considered various concepts of money laundering that exist. The chosen concepts identified the various typologies of the money laundering, the negative effects and the regulations adopted in the fight against money laundering in the light of internationally accepted standards. Analysis: The analysis was modeled around four set of issue as a means of evaluating the money laundering regulations in Ghana. They include extent of nation’s vulnerability to Money Laundering; existing Laws or Regulations; the Conformity of Laws or regulations to international standards and an overview of the new anti-money laundering law. Conclusion: Research and analysis revealed that the nation is susceptible to money laundering though it has existing regulations to combat the menace. The forms of money laundering are many and there seems to be very little public knowledge about money laundering. Financial sector of the economy is expanding and there is a need for a more rigorous means for the combat of laundering as its effect on the sector could be disastrous. The New Anti – Money Laundering law, Anti – Money Laundering Act 2008, Act 749 is timely but it has not been operational, the Financial Intelligence Center is yet to be set up since the enactment of the act in January in 2008; as at the time of writing this conclusion there is a new government in power and this government is yet to constitute a full cabinet of ministers or substantive ministers of state hence it is quite impossible to estimate when the Financial Intelligence Centre; according to France (BoG) during my interview with her, she mentioned that the Center is to be formed under the supervision of Ministry of Finance. Not withstanding, the yet to be formed Center, there has been some exiting laws or regulations from Bank of Ghana for the financial institutions in combat of money laundering and terrorism financing. 83% respondents agreed that there are existing regulations and Laws but only one respondent representing 17% indicted that those laws can best be cosmetic. The forms of existing regulations identified are as follows: The (KYC) Know Your Client or Know Your Customer Policy; (PEP) Politically Exposed Persons Policy; (CDD) Customer Due Diligence; (EDD) Enhanced Due Diligence and also regulations for banks to adopted a policy of setting threshold for which any cash or cheque deposit into an account should register to an investigate unit of the bank, such that any amount above the threshold raises an alarm for further investigation and so is any huge withdrawal request. In evaluating the existing regulations, two main assessment points were use as yardstick. They are conformity to international standards and effectiveness of the laws or regulations. Ghana is a member of the Inter-Governmental Action Group against Money Laundering and Terrorism Financing in West Africa (GIABA) which has formulated some for steps member countries to follow in their design of their internal policies in combat of Money Laundering. These steps are based on the 40 recommendation and the 9 special recommendations. Clearly it is noted that the few regulations or directives from Bank of Ghana conform to the FATF recommendations. For example • The (KYC) Know Your Customer directive, (CDD) Customer Due Diligence directive and (EDD) Enhanced Due Diligence directive that Bank of Ghana issued to the banks conform with Recommendations 4 to 12 of FATF. • The (PEP) Politically Exposed Persons directive which enables the banks deal with political figures of other countries is an international co-operation and a need for mutual legal assistance, these two conforms with the FAFT Recommendation 35 and FAFT recommendations 36 to 39 and again of FATF Recommendation 40. • The policies on threshold level also conforms to FAFT recommendations 17 to 21 as depicted in the literature review. From the examples given above there are clear indications that the regulations conform to international standards. The effectiveness of the regulation was set to detail or show how wide enough the regulation is in tackling the menace a stake, it should equally involve the institutions that will regulate, implement and enforce the regulations and finally the regulations should be enforced or to be seen a such. However the general picture is that the Laws or Regulations prior to the new Act 749 hasn’t been too effective. The respondents who agreed that there are existing laws or regulations once again agreed there are some lax in the enforcement of the regulations. Roi (SFO) believes that if there is any regulation at all, they can only be said to be just cosmetic.ftontoh@yahoo.com; +233244284956;+233244212902
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Rashidi-Tabrizi, Rouzbahan. "Automatic Generation of Goal Models from Regulations." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/26276.
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Organizations in many domains such as healthcare, finances, telecommunications, educa-tion, and software development, must comply with an ever-increasing number of regula-tions, including laws and policies. In order to measure compliance to regulation, several recent approaches propose modelling regulations using goals and indicators. However, creating goal models for regulations is time consuming and prone to errors, especially as this is usually done manually. This thesis tackles this issue by automating some of the steps for creating goal models, and by offering better ways to create graphical views of goal models than what is currently available nowadays in goal modelling tools.
The notation used in this thesis is the Goal-oriented Requirement Language (GRL), which is part of the User Requirements Notation standard and is supported by the jUCMNav tool. The concepts of regulations and their indicators are captured using a tab-ular presentation in Comma-Separated Value (CSV) files. An import mechanism is added to jUCMNav to automatically create regulation goal models from such files. The imported GRL model can then by visualized using novel features that enable the addition of multiple views/diagrams in an efficient and usable way.
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Perkins, Christopher James. "International collision regulations for automatic collision avoidance." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/2270.
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This thesis considers the relationship between collision regulations and an automatic collision avoidance system (ACAS). Automation of ship operations is increasingly common. The automation of the collision avoidance task may have merit on grounds of reduced manual workload and the elimination of human error. Work to date by engineers and computer programmers has focused on modelling the requirements of the current collision regulations. This thesis takes a new approach and indicates that legislative change is a necessary precursor to the implementation of a fully automatic collision avoidance system. A descriptive analysis has been used to consider the nature of the collision avoidance problem and the nature of rules as a solution. The importance of coordination between vessels is noted and three requirements for coordination are established. These are a mutual perception of: risk, the strategy to be applied, and the point of manoeuvre. The use of rules to achieve coordination are considered. The analysis indicates that the current collision regulations do not provide the means to coordinate vessels. A review of current and future technology that may be applied to the collision avoidance problem has been made. Several ACAS scenarios are contrived. The compatibility of the scenarios and the current collision regulations is considered. It is noted that both machine sensors and processors affect the ability to comply with the rules. The case is made for judicial recognition of a discrete rule-base for the sake of an ACAS. This leads to the prospect of quantified collision regulations for application by mariners. A novel rule-base to match a pm1icular ACAS scenario has been devised. The rules are simple and brief. They avoid inputs dependent on vision and visibility, and meet all the aforementioned coordination requirements. Their application by mariners to two-vessel open sea, encounters was tested on a navigation simulator. The experimental testing of such a rule-base is unique. Mariners were given experience of applying the rule-base in certain circumstances and asked by questionnaire what their agreeable action would be. This was compared with their usual action. While the number of experiments was small, an indication was given of the impm1ant issues in applying a quantified rule-base. Aspects identified for fm1her study include the testing of rule base elements in isolation, and the use of quantified rules in multi-ship and confined water encounters.
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Al-Dawoody, Ahmed Mohsen. "War in Islamic Law : justifications and regulations." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2009. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/382/.
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This study examines the justifications and regulations for going to war in both international and domestic armed conflicts under Islamic law. It studies the various kinds of use of force by both state and non-state actors in order to determine the nature of the Islamic law of war, specifically, whether Islamic law sanctions “holy war”, offensive war or only defensive war. It discusses international armed conflicts, i.e., war against non Muslims, in the first four chapters: Chapters One, Two and Three treat the justifications for war in the Sīrah biographies of the Prophet)literature, Tafsīr (exegesis) literature, and classical and modern juridical literature respectively. Chapter Four treats the Islamic regulations for war in international armed conflicts. Chapter Five is devoted to the justifications and regulations for the use of force in internal armed conflicts. It investigates the permissibility under Islamic law of resorting to the use of force to overthrow the governing regime and discusses the Islamic treatment of terrorism and the punishment of terrorists and their accomplices. It also discusses the claim that contemporary acts of domestic and international terrorism perpetrated by Muslims are motivated and justified by jihād. This study is limited to the four Sunni schools of Islamic law and also refers in some cases to the extinct Zāhirī school. It studies the writings of classical and modern Muslim jurists and scholars and compares them with the western literature on the subject. This study finds that Jihād, in the sense of international armed struggle, as the term is currently used, is a defensive war justified in cases of aggression on the Muslim nation and fitnah, i.e., the persecution of Muslims. It also finds that the core justification in Islamic law for the use of force in domestic armed conflicts, and which may give an indication to future conflicts in the Muslim world, is the violations of the rules of the sharī‛ah. The study concludes that the Islamic law of war as maintained by the majority of mainstream Muslims scholars has great potential for contributing to international peace and security in the modern world, particularly with regard to the humanization of armed conflicts and the peaceful resolution of internal conflicts.
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Pamer, Karen. "A global study of hawala targeting regulations." Thesis, Utica College, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10153553.
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This research focused on hawala regulations in multiple jurisdictions, strategies of international bodies to mitigate illicit transfers, and implementation of a standardized approach to monitor money remittances. Transfer mechanisms used to remit funds internationally appeal to individuals, organized crime groups, terrorist financiers, and money launderers. Literature reviewed consisted of government studies, financial body reports, media articles, and peer-reviewed journals. Evaluation of different methodologies and the Financial Action Task Force’s supervisory controls was completed. It was determined that economic pressure may impact financial networks and encourage compliance if regional government bodies have the necessary authority to enforce regulations. Research revealed recommendations for education programs to aid jurisdictions in setting up financial intelligence units, developing statutes tailored to their economies, and enforcement of supervisory controls. This report further suggested accountability amongst jurisdictions to reduce the ability of criminals and terrorist financiers to move their financial activities to areas with lax enforcement and corrupt governments that do not enforce regulatory recommendations. It also encouraged tracking financial activity and implementing licensing requirements to mitigate de-risking of high-risk customers with the provision of education to customers and third-parties through formal financial institutions. Reduction of unlicensed money remittances and mitigation of illicit funding benefiting organized crime and terrorism is the ultimate goal.
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Початко, Тетяна Володимирівна, Татьяна Владимировна Початко, Tetiana Volodymyrivna Pochatko, and M. Voshchenko. "Technological regulations of the multistage pump impellers." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2016. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/47236.
Full textAbstract:
Almost half of all energy produced in the country feeds the rotary
machines - pumps and compressors. Their usage in all industries is a wide
range, depending on their function. Moreover, the current challenges require
the energy efficiency of such units’ designs, increasing the requirements for
vibration performance, reliability and impermeability.
Nowadays the types of manufacturing systems, based on knowledgebased
technologies, output the information to the level of the most important
resource. They make it a growing factor of production efficiency. Information
resource status has become an integral part of the production process alone
with material factors of production.
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Thornsbury, Suzanne. "Technical Regulations as Barriers to Agricultural Trade." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30769.
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Technical regulations are a form of non-tariff barrier that is becoming increasingly visible in agricultural trade disputes. A distinguishing feature of technical barriers is their legitimate use by governments to protect consumers' health, recognize citizen preferences in packaging and labeling, and protect the environment from the establishment of non-indigenous pests and diseases. When legitimate externalities or other market failures are addressed technical barriers have the potential to increase national welfare, even without consideration of terms-of-trade effects. Governments may also impose technical barriers to isolate domestic producers from international competition. In these cases under the small-country assumptions, technical barriers are welfare decreasing policies.
Despite GATT rules designed to limit the misuse of technical barriers, continued disputes indicate that this type of regulatory measure can not always be justified on the basis of unambiguous scientific evidence and suggests that governments may still widely apply technical barriers of questionable merit. Political economy is one paradigm that explains government intervention in markets, even when the result is a loss in net welfare.
The 1996 USDA Survey of Technical Barriers to U.S. Agricultural Exports provides a systematic source of primary data on technical measures which caused actual or projected export revenue losses to U.S. firms in 1996 and which might be subject to challenge under the Uruguay Round Agreements. Although no questionable technical barriers to 1996 U.S. agricultural exports were reported for 71 countries included in the Survey, there were a total of 302 barriers identified among 63 countries. The estimated trade impact of the barriers reported was $4.9 billion, or approximately seven percent of the total value of 1996 U.S. agricultural exports.
Two sets of empirical models are estimated to identify the political economy determinants of questionable technical barriers as they are applied to U.S. agricultural exports. The incidence of questionable technical barriers is measured by the presence or absence of such barriers by country. The impact of questionable technical barriers is measured by the reported estimated trade impact as a percentage of 1996 U.S. agricultural exports to that country. Results indicate that, despite strengthened GATT disciplines, political economy considerations continue to influence the incidence and impact of technical barriers in international agricultural markets.Ph. D.
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Mutiti, Samuel. "A PRACTICUM WITH CLERMONT COUNTY: STORMWATER REGULATIONS." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1070642524.
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Clavairoly, Adrien. "Ascl1 and Olig2 transcriptional regulations of oligodendrogenesis." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066316/document.
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Ce projet vise à fournir une nouvelle compréhension moléculaire du programme de transcription impliqué dans la différenciation des cellules souches neurales en oligodendrocytes myélinisant. La logique de ce travail repose sur des études antérieures ayant montré le rôle des facteurs de transcription bHLH Olig2 et Ascl1, opérant en synergie dans la spécification des OPCs, les cellules progénitrices d‘oligodendrocytes . L‘objectif central de ce travail était de comprendre au niveau génomique et transcriptomique les mécanismes par lesquels Ascl1 et Olig2 agissent pour spécifier les OPCs. Nous avons suivi une stratégie utilisant l'analyse du transcriptome et des profils de fixation des facteurs de transcription par immuno- précipitation de la chromatine. Nous avons pu identifier les cibles directes de Ascl1 et Olig2 dans les OPC et lors de la différenciation des oligodendrocytes. Nous avons également identifié de nouveaux marqueurs spécifiques des différents stades des lignées oligodendrocyte et nous sommes concentrés sur Chd7 et Tns3, deux gènes régulé par Ascl1 etOlig2 et enrichis dans la lignée oligodendrogliale à deux stades intéressants, la phase de spécification précoce et la transition entre la migration et la différenciation des oligodendrocytes, respectivement. De plus, nous avons porté notre attention sur le rôle spécifique des oligodendrocyte dans la synthèse de la créatine et son rôle possible de support métabolique dans la synthèse de myéline et de support axonal. Nous avons également initié une approche de repositionnement toxicogénomique pour identifier de nouvelles molécules à tester dans le cadre de maladie demyélinisantesLa plupart des traitements disponibles pour traiter les maladies démyélinisantes sont basées sur une approche immune modulatrice et anti-inflammatoire. A ce jour, aucun n'est en mesure de promouvoir directement la réparation de la myéline de manière efficace. Nous espérons que les gènes dont l'expression est régulée dans les lésions de démyélinisation identifiés lors de cette étude permettront de mieux comprendre le mécanisme de remyelinisation et le développement de nouvelles stratégies dans les maladies démyélinisantes telles que la sclérose en plaques ou dans les leucodystrophiesOur project aims to provide a new molecular understanding of the transcription program involved in neural stem cells differentiation into oligodendrocytes. The rational of this work relies on previous studies demonstrating that the bHLH transcription factors Olig2 and Ascl1 work in synergy to specify OPCs, the oligodendrocyte progenitor cells. One central goal of this work was to understand at a genomic and transcriptomic level, how Ascl1 and Olig2 work together to specify OPCs. We followed a strategy using genome-wide transcriptome analysis and chromatin immuno-precipitation to characterize Ascl1 and Olig2 directly regulated genes in OPCs and during oligodendrocyte differentiation.We identified new specific markers of different stage of the neural lineages and new important genes correlated to OPCs differentiation. We focused on Chd7 and Tns3, two genes which expressions are driven by Ascl1 and Olig2 and enriched in the oligodendroglial lineage at two interesting stage, the early specification stage and the transition between migrating and differentiating oligodendrocytes, respectively. Moreover, we identified the myelinating oligodendrocyte as the cell in charge of the creatine synthesis in the brain and potentially driving axonal metabolic support. We also used an approach a toxicogenomic and drug repositioning approach to identify new molecules known to modify OPCs and myelin genes but untested in the context of demyelinating diseases. As currently, most of the available treatments for demyelinating diseases are based on immuno-modulatory and anti-inflammatory drugs but none are able to directly promote myelin repair, we expect that these identified genes involved in oligodendrogenesis and whose expression are regulated in demyelinated lesions will allow the development of new therapeutic strategies promoting an efficient remyelination in demyelinating diseases such as Multiple sclerosis or leukodystrophies
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Ke, Ruian. "Mathematical modelling of ion regulations in fungi." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/5866.
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Intracellular ion concentration and cation transporter activities are important determinants of many fundamental physiological parameters, including cell turgor, plasma membrane potential and intracellular pH. In order to maintain these parameters within physiological ranges despite external perturbations, cells regulate their transporter activities through both post-translational modifications and gene regulation. In this thesis, the ion regulations in two model fungal species, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Aspergillus nidulans, are investigated. We use a mathematical modelling approach to gain a quantitative understanding of the impact of collective transporter activities on the intracellular cation concentrations and the cellular adaptation processes. This thesis is mainly composed of two parts: 1) A biophysical and mathematical model is built for the cation transporters and their regulatory proteins to describe the temporal changes of cell volume, intracellular pH and cation concentrations during hyper-osmotic stress, ionic stress and alkaline pH stress in S. cerevisiae. 2) Four models are built for the activation of the alkaline pH responsive transcription factor, PacC, in A. nidulans, based on competing hypotheses. The integrated model in the first part shows that calcineurin activation in response to stress conditions results in a rapid and transient decrease of membrane potential, which we speculate is an important strategy for the cell to respond to unknown external ionic perturbations. The model also confirms the importance of Hog1p phosphorylation on Nha1p and Tok1p for immediate adaptation to salt stress and predicted that activated Hog1p down-regulates Tok1p activity. In alkaline stress conditions, the induction of Ena1p expression results in increased membrane potential. This model provides a theoretical framework for the study of ion homeostasis in stress conditions, the understanding of drug effects, such as FK506. And since the membrane potential is an important determinant of drug uptake, the model is well suited for the drug development. In the second part of the thesis, results from those competing models for PacC activation show significant difference for the pacC904 mutant strain and suggests that further experiments on this strain would be able to uncover the role of the intermediate form, PacC53, plays in the activation process.
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Sakaya, Jamal. "Towards Effective Environmental Regulations—Operations Management Perspective." Thesis, Jouy-en Josas, HEC, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022EHEC0009.
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Dans cette thèse, je me propose d’étudier le système d’échange de quotas d’émission (SEQE) et les politiques de reprise adoptés par l’Union européenne (UE) dans le cadre de ses efforts de lutte contre le réchauffement climatique et de gestion de certaines catégories de déchets. Mon étude porte sur trois principaux problèmes de recherche qui y sont associés, à savoir : (i) la façon dont les entreprises s’adapteront à une réforme du SEQE en vigueur, prévoyant la réduction du nombre de quotas en circulation et la mise en réserve de quotas excédentaires, (ii) la façon dont interagissent le SEQE et les politiques de reprise, et (iii) la question de savoir s’il est plus avantageux de gérer certaines catégories de déchets par le biais de politiques de reprise prévoyant des taux de récupération minimums ou d’une politique de plafonnement et d’échange. Chaque chapitre est consacré à un de ces trois problèmes de recherche. Dans le premier chapitre, j’examine la façon dont les entreprises s’adaptent à la réforme du SEQE prévoyant de permettre à l’organisme de réglementation de retirer un pourcentage des quotas excédentaires et de le mettre en réserve—la réserve de stabilité du marché. J’étudie les stratégies permettant aux entreprises de se mettre en conformité avec cette réforme et le problème du régulateur pour définir un paramètre de politique, à savoir le pourcentage de quotas excédentaires à retirer, susceptible de favoriser la réduction des émissions sans pour autant compromettre la prospérité économique. Pour ce faire, je me base sur un modèle couvrant deux périodes dans lequel l'organisme de réglementation définit d’abord le paramètre de politique, puis les entreprises réalisent leur production, réduisent leurs émissions et participent à une enchère de quotas. Dans le second chapitre, j’étudie comment le SEQE et les politiques de reprise des déchets, en vigueur dans l'Union européenne, interagissent et s’influencent mutuellement en matière d’efficacité économiques et environnementales. Pour cela, je modélise un système dans lequel des fournisseurs soumis à une politique de plafonnement et d’échange de droits d’émission de carbone approvisionnent en matières premières des fabricants soumis à une réglementation de reprise avec un taux de recyclage minimum. Dans le troisième chapitre, j’étudie s’il est plus avantageux de gérer certaines catégories de déchets par le biais de politiques de reprise prévoyant des taux de récupération minimums ou d’une politique de plafonnement et d’échange. Pour ce faire, je prends comme exemple le contexte de la gestion des déchets électroniques et j’utilise deux modèles schématiques pour comparer l’efficacité économique et environnementale de deux politiques, à savoir : une politique de reprise prévoyant un pourcentage imposant aux fabricants de produits électroniques de recycler ou de remanufacturer un pourcentage des nouveaux produits qu’ils introduisent sur le marché, et une politique prévoyant des quotas imposant aux fabricants de produits électroniques de recycler ou de remanufacturer tous les nouveaux produits qu’ils introduisent sur le marché, à l’exception d’une quantité limitée de produits qui peuvent finir dans des décharges sans être traités. Cette quantité limitée sera déterminée par le nombre de quotas que les fabricants acquerront lors de ventes aux enchèresIn this thesis, I examine the European Union Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) and the take-back policies used in the European Union (EU) to fight global warming and manage some waste categories. I study three key research problems associated with them: (i) how firms will adapt to a reform to the EU ETS that reduces the number of allowances in circulation and places excess allowances in a reserve, (ii) how the EU ETS and the take-back policies interact, and (iii) is it better to manage some waste categories through take-back policies with minimum recovery rates or a cap-and-trade policy. Each chapter covers one problem. In the first chapter, I examine how firms will adapt to a reform to the EU ETS that allows the regulator to remove a percentage of surplus allowances and put them in a reserve—the market stability reserve. I study the firms’ strategies for compliance with this reform and the regulator’s problem of setting a policy parameter—the percentage of surplus allowances to withdraw–– that encourages emissions abatement without sacrificing economic prosperity. To do that, I model a game spanning two periods, in which the regulator first sets the policy parameter and then firms produce their output, reduce emissions, and participate in the auction for allowances. In the second chapter, I study how the EU ETS and waste take-back policies interact and impact each other’s economic and environmental effectiveness. To that end, I model a game where suppliers subject to a carbon cap-and-trade policy supply raw material to manufacturers subject to take-back policy with a minimum recycling target. In the third chapter, I study if it is better to manage some waste categories through take-back policies with minimum recovery rates or a cap-and-trade policy. To that end, I consider the electronic waste context, and I use two stylized models to compare the economic and environmental effectiveness of two policies: a percentage-based take-back policy, which requires electronic manufacturers to recycle or remanufacture a percentage of the new products they introduce into the market, and an allowance- based policy, which requires electronic manufacturers to recycle or remanufacture all the new products they introduce into the market except a limited quantity of products that can end up in landfills untreated. This limited quantity is determined by the number of allowances manufacturers gain in an auction
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Craft, Betty V. "A study of the impact of CLIA '88 on personnel needs in clinical laboratories of acute care facilities in Virginia." Diss., This resource online, 1995. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06062008-160411/.
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Nhamo, Godwell. "Environmental policy processes surrounding South Africa's plastic bags regulations : tensions, debates and responses in waste product regulation." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1008051.
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This study was conducted in South Africa. South Africa is the first country within the Southern African Development Community to have regulated plastic shopping bags waste through the imposition of both a standard on thickness and a levy. Given this scenario, the Plastic Bags Regulations present an illustrative case for researching complexity, uncertainty and controversies surrounding a new trend in environmental policy making, namely waste product regulation. The thesis focuses on understanding and investigating tensions, debates and responses emerging from the policy process as actors and actor-networks put not only the Plastic Bags Regulations asfocal actant (token) but also other actants and actant-networks as well. To this end, a research question that addressed environmental policies, tensions, debates and responses that informed the development of South Africa's Plastic Bags Regulations was spelt out. The research objectives included the need to: (I) analyse selected international environmental policy processes surrounding plastic shopping bags litter and waste regulation and how these influenced developments in South Africa; (2) identify actors, actants and actor/actant-networks that shaped and were being transformed by South Africa's Plastic Bags Regulations and explain the tensions, debates and responses arising in the policy processes; (3) identify environmental policy outputs and assess outcomes emerging from the formulation and implementation of South Africa's Plastic Bags Regulations; and (4) establish patterns in environmental policy process reforms around South Africa's Plastic Bags Regulations. The language of actors (human), actants (non-human) and actor/actant-networks brings to the fore the aspects of processes and relationships that exist around them. As such, insights from the actor/actant-network theory (AANT) were drawn upon to inform the research. AANT enquiry framework collapses binaries such as nature/society, art/science, structure/agency and global/local historically associated with a particular type of social theory. AANT also denies that purely technical, scientific or social relations are possible (the notion of quaSi-objects or token). Data sets were generated following' the Plastic Bags Regulations as token actant with time frames ranging from prior to, during and after the formulation of the regulations. Similarly, data analysis drew insights from AANT's four moments of translation namely problematisation, interessement, enrolment and mobilisation, with the intervention theory providing an evaluative perspective that complemented AANT. The findings were that after the promulgation of the first draft of the Plastic Bags Regulations in May 2000, tensions emerged around the nature of regulation (whether command and control - preferred by government or self regulation - preferred by industry and labour). In this regard the latter group raised concerns about jobs, income and equipment loss as well as the need to have a holistic approach to waste management rather than targeting a single product at a time whilst the former maintained that this would not be so. As such, education, awareness and stringent antilitter penalties were proposed by industry and labour as sustainable responses to the problem of plastic shopping bags waste rather than regulation. These debates continued and resulted in minor amendments to the original regulations as finalised by Government in May 2002. However, industry and labour continued lobbying government resulting in the conclusion of the Plastic Bags Agreement in September 2002 and the ultimate repulsion of the May 2002 regulations in May 2003. As revealed by this research, these responses led to broader social responses and further tensions as demand for plastic shopping bags went down by about 80% although an estimated 1000 jobs were lost and a number of companies lost equipment and business (with some closing down) following the implementation of the regulations. During implementation, debates emerged around the need to promote locally made carry facilities with two alternatives in sight namely: the Green Bag and the Biodegradable Plastic Bag. Debates also took place regarding enforcement of the new law resulting in the amendments of various pieces of legislation including the Environmental Conservation Act, Environmental Management Act and the Revenue Laws Act. Overall, a 15-year policy reform cycle and sub-cycles was determined. The research also established that the government considered the regulations a success and was already implementing simi lar initiatives to regulate other waste products, among them, used tyres, used oil and glass, confirming the trend towards waste product regulation in South Africa. From these research findings, a series of conceptual frameworks were drawn up to clarify the nature of tensions, debates and responses surrounding certain lead actors, actants and actorlactant-networks. Some of the conceptual frameworks that emerged around the actors and actor-networks include Organised Government, Organised Industry and Organised Labour. Conceptual frameworks that emerged around key actants and actant-networks include the Integrated Pollution and Waste Management, Plastic Bags Regulations as well as the discourses surrounding the Green bag and biodegradable plastic bags. The thesis concludes by reflecting on how the above and the grand actor/actant-network conceptual frameworks emerging from this research might be adopted with varying degrees of flexibility to research environmental and waste management policy processes in different waste product regulation set-ups.KMBT_363
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Chan, Ping-sum, and 陳冰心. "The impact of German packaging regulations and similar regulations in different countries on Hong Kong and the Hong Kong's economy." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1993. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31252564.
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Chan, Ping-sum. "The impact of German packaging regulations and similar regulations in different countries on Hong Kong and the Hong Kong's economy /." [Hong Kong] : University of Hong Kong, 1993. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13498551.
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Ferguson, Joel S. "USCG diversity moving beyond "training, rules, and regulations" /." Thesis, Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 2010. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2010/Jun/10Jun%5FFerguson.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A. in Homeland Security (Homeland Security and Defense))--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2010.Thesis Advisor(s): Strindberg, Anders ; Second Reader: Bellavita, Christopher. "June 2010." Description based on title screen as viewed on July 14, 2010. Author(s) subject terms: United States Coast Guard, diversity, workforce diversification, workforce management Includes bibliographical references (p. 95-100). Also available in print.
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Majthenyi, S. K. "Police violation of regulations in pursuit of efficiency?" Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/5291.
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Pham, Ha. "Bank efficiency, ownership structure and regulations in Vietnam." Thesis, Limoges, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIMO0046/document.
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Cette thèse se compose de trois chapitres. Le premier chapitre analyse l'impact de la structure actionnariale et des réformes mises en œuvre dans les années 2000 sur l'efficacité des banques commerciales au Vietnam. Les résultats montrent que l'efficacité diffère selon le type de structure actionnariale ; les banques d'État ont des niveaux d'efficacité plus bas en comparaison avec les banques privées et les banques avec des actionnaires étrangers. Depuis la mise en œuvre de règles minimales de fonds propres plus strictes, la capitalisation des banques a également été un moteur important de l'efficacité de la banque. Le deuxième chapitre traite de la façon dont les banques au Vietnam fixent leurs marges d'intérêt avec un accent particulier sur la structure actionnariale des banques et la réglementation des taux d'intérêt par la banque centrale. Les résultats montrent que seules les banques privées et publiques transfèrent leurs coûts opérationnels à leurs clients. La capitalisation bancaire qui reflète l'aversion au risque des banques est un déterminant significatif pour les banques étrangères et d'Etat uniquement en cas de réglementation des taux d'intérêt; ces banques ont tendance à répercuter le coût élevé du capital sur les clients. Nous montrons aussi que, en l'absence de contrôle des taux d'intérêt, les banques étrangères fixent des marges plus élevées quand elles prennent un risque de crédit plus élevé alors qu'en présence de la réglementation des taux d'intérêt les banques privées font face à un risque de crédit plus élevé sans pouvoir augmenter leur marge en conséquence. Le dernier chapitre étudie l'impact de la politique monétaire et des conditions économiques sur les prêts bancaires pour les différents niveaux de capitalisation des banques. Les résultats indiquent que tous les types de chocs de politique monétaire ont un effet négatif sur les prêts, mais que l'augmentation de la liquidité bancaire conduit à une réduction plus faible de la croissance des prêts. Enfin, les banques dont la capitalisation est plus faible sont moins influencées par le cycle économiqueThis dissertation is composed of three chapters. The first chapter analyzes the impact of ownership structure and the reforms implemented in the mid 2000's on the efficiency of commercial banks in Vietnam. The results show that the efficiency differs depending on ownership type; state-owned banks have the lowest efficiency levels in comparison with private banks and banks with foreign shareholders. Since the implementation of more stringent minimum capital rules, bank capitalization has also been an important driver of bank efficiency. The second chapter discusses how banks in Vietnam set their interest margins with a particular focus on bank ownership and interest rate regulation by the central bank. The results show that only private and state-owned banks transfer their operational costs to their clients. Bank capitalization which reflects bank risk aversion is a significant determinant for foreign and state owned banks only in presence of interest rate regulation; these banks tend to pass the high capital cost to customers. We also show that, in absence of interest rate control, foreign banks set higher margins when they take higher credit risk while in presence of interest rate regulation private banks cope with higher credit risk without being able to raise their margin accordingly. The last chapter investigates the impact of monetary policy and economic conditions on bank lending for different levels of bank capitalization. The results indicate that all types of monetary policy shocks have a negative effect on lending but that an increase in bank liquidity leads to a lower reduction in loan growth. Finally, banks with lower capitalization are less influenced by the business cycle
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Morin, David M. "The location of transportation corridors regulations and techniques /." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0033/MQ27366.pdf.
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Metheekul, Snomnart. "GMPCS regulations in the United States and Thailand." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ44067.pdf.
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Adachi, Midori. "Banking regulations, comparative analysis between Japan and Canada." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ51678.pdf.
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Umanskaya, Victoria I. "Three essays on pollution regulations and international trade." Laramie, Wyo. : University of Wyoming, 2006. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1232409951&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=18949&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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