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Journal articles on the topic 'Regulation units'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 28 June 2021
Last updated: 17 February 2022

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1

Goto, Satoshi. "Regulation of Glycosylation by Golgi Units." Trends in Glycoscience and Glycotechnology 18, no. 104 (2006): 347–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4052/tigg.18.347.

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2

Erim, Zeynep, Carlo J. De Luca, Kiyoshi Mineo, and Takafumi Aoki. "Rank-ordered regulation of motor units." Muscle & Nerve 19, no. 5 (May 1996): 563–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-4598(199605)19:5<563::aid-mus3>3.0.co;2-9.

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3

Ishnazarov, Oybek, Abdusaid Isakov, Utkir Islomov, Umirzoq Xoliyorov, and Dilshod Ochilov. "Wear issues of pumping units." E3S Web of Conferences 264 (2021): 04081. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126404081.

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The article presents the possibility of increasing the service life of pumping units. Particular attention is paid to the regulation of the speed of rotation of the pumping unit. There are some assumptions in the mathematical model that do not affect the final result. The factors influencing the operating mode are given. It is indicated that the speed of rotation of the pump shaft significantly affects the wear resistance of the pump blades. Thus, the regulation of the pump rotation speed will rationally increase its service life.
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4

Goldrin, V., I. Chervonenko, V. Zbinskiy, R. Brodich, and O. Slonevskiy. "Participation of Ukrainian NPPs in Regulating Frequency and Power in the United Energy System: Problem Analysis and Solutions." Nuclear and Radiation Safety, no. 1(85) (March 13, 2020): 50–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.32918/nrs.2020.1(85).05.

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The issue related to the participation of Ukrainian nuclear power plants in regulating frequency and power in the united energy system of Ukraine is considered in the paper. The dependence of frequency changes in the grid on the imbalance between generation and consumption of active power is presented. This can violate conditions of parallel operation of generators. Three levels of the frequency control system in the power system using backup capacities are examined. The issues of participation of nuclear power units in regulating frequency and power are studied. It is shown that the main factors limiting such participation are the characteristics of fuel assemblies. These characteristics govern the change in reactor power in a narrow range. An obstacle is also the mismatch of the characteristics of the equipment of power units for participation in regulating power system frequency. The complexity of regulating the electric power of a WWER nuclear power unit is under consideration, which is implemented by coordinated regulation of the reactor power and generator power. The regulatory requirements for the characteristics of the primary frequency regulation by nuclear power units is carried out. The possibility of their participation in the normalized primary frequency regulation are analyzed. The paper considers the concept of the National Nuclear Energy Generating Company “Energoatom” for the modernization of systems and equipment of WWER-1000 power units, which provides bringing the characteristics of power units in line with standards. The methodology for preliminary testing of the readiness of Zaporizhzhya NPP Unit 1 (“pilot” power unit) to participate in such regulation is described. The methodology involves testing at two power levels at the beginning and in the end of the fuel campaign. A signal is used to simulate a frequency deviation that is input via a separate train of the control system. The tasks, conditions and criteria for the success of the tests are described. Based on the test results, conclusions will be drawn about the possibility of the safe participation of WWER-1000 power units in the normalized frequency regulation in the united energy system of Ukraine and the necessary measures to modernize the equipment.
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5

Guo, Xinran, Yuanchu Cheng, Jiada Wei, and Yitian Luo. "Stability Analysis of Different Regulation Modes of Hydropower Units." Energies 14, no. 7 (March 31, 2021): 1933. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14071933.

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The dynamic characteristics of hydropower unit governing systems considerably influence the stability of hydropower units and the connected power system. The dynamic performances of hydropower units with power regulation mode (PRM) and opening regulation mode (ORM) are different. This paper establishes a detailed linear model of a hydropower unit based on the Phillips–Heffron model. The damping characteristic and stability of two regulation modes with different water inertia time constants TW were analyzed. ORM tended to provide negative damping, while PRM often provided positive damping in the major parts of the frequency range within the normal frequency oscillations when TW was large. Eigenvalue analysis illustrated that PRM has better stability than ORM. To validate the analysis, a simulation under two typical faults WAS conducted based on a nonlinear model of a hydropower unit. The simulation results illustrated that the responses of units with PRM are more stable in terms of important operating parameters, such as output power, rotor speed, and power angles. For hydropower units facing challenges in stable operation, PRM is recommended to obtain good dynamic stability.
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6

Mikaishvili, Temur, and Nino Chagmelashvili. "New Unloading Possibilities of Gas Turbine Combined Cycle Power Generating Units." Works of Georgian Technical University, no. 2(520) (June 25, 2021): 164–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.36073/1512-0996-2021-2-164-171.

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The determining factor for the efficient operation of electrical systems is their stability. To ensure stability, it is important to establish links between neighboring electrical systems, enhance the capacity of overloading and unloading power plants, improving the flexibility of power plants, etc. For electrical systems with high autonomy, it is also important to solve the problems of power control by the installations of the system itself, including the combined cycle power units, the main purpose of which is to cover the base load of the grid. The studies carried out by the authors of the article have shown that the tasks of regulating the load of electric power systems can be solved by using power units of a gas turbine combined cycle. In order to achieve this, it is required to identify and realize deep unloading capabilities of such power generating units. In standard conditions the combined cycle power generating units are utilized for covering base loads, and their participation in a daily regulation of the grid load is not considered. However, the concept of the combined power control method suggested by the authors of this article involves combination of quantitative and qualitative regulation methods of the gas turbine component which significantly expands the unloading range of such power generating units and increases their engagement in regulating the power system loads.
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7

Kang, Li Jie, and Wei Ping Liang. "Analysis on Primary Frequency Regulation Function Tests for Thermal Power Units." Advanced Materials Research 986-987 (July 2014): 1187–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.986-987.1187.

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With the increase of the load capacity and the development of the automation degree, the power dispatching center has a higher requirement for the primary frequency regulation function of the unit aircrew. After a certain period of time when the unit has been put into operation, the primary frequency regulation function must have the conditions to be put into operation, so that the unit can be involved in grid frequency at any time when the conditions are satisfied and the power supply quality can be fully guaranteed [1]. The regulation performance of primary frequency regulation plays a vital role in maintaining the stability of the unit aircrew and the power grid, so it is very necessary to conduct the frequency tests for the thermal power units [2]. In this paper, we describe the disturbance tests and recovery tests under different load points and different network frequencies. Through the analysis, we can draw the conclusion that the primary frequency regulation function of unit 1 can fully meet the requirement of the frequency regulation of the power grid.
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8

Pope, Benjamin D., Tyrone Ryba, Vishnu Dileep, Feng Yue, Weisheng Wu, Olgert Denas, Daniel L. Vera, et al. "Topologically associating domains are stable units of replication-timing regulation." Nature 515, no. 7527 (November 19, 2014): 402–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature13986.

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9

Tanigami, Hironobu, Takayuki Okamoto, Yuichi Yasue, and Motomu Shimaoka. "Astroglial Integrins in the Development and Regulation of Neurovascular Units." Pain Research and Treatment 2012 (December 10, 2012): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/964652.

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In the neurovascular units of the central nervous system, astrocytes form extensive networks that physically and functionally connect the neuronal synapses and the cerebral vascular vessels. This astrocytic network is thought to be critically important for coupling neuronal signaling activity and energy demand with cerebral vascular tone and blood flow. To establish and maintain this elaborate network, astrocytes must precisely calibrate their perisynaptic and perivascular processes in order to sense and regulate neuronal and vascular activities, respectively. Integrins, a prominent family of cell-adhesion molecules that support astrocytic migration in the brain during developmental and normal adult stages, have been implicated in regulating the integrity of the blood brain barrier and the tripartite synapse to facilitate the formation of a functionally integrated neurovascular unit. This paper describes the significant roles that integrins and connexins play not only in regulating astrocyte migration during the developmental and adult stages of the neurovascular unit, but also in general health and in such diseases as hepatic encephalopathy.
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10

Wu, Xiaoyu, Jinghan He, Yin Xu, Jian Lu, Ning Lu, and Xiaojun Wang. "Hierarchical Control of Residential HVAC Units for Primary Frequency Regulation." IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid 9, no. 4 (July 2018): 3844–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2017.2766880.

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11

Little, Brian R. "Personality Science and Self-Regulation: Personal Projects as Integrative Units." Applied Psychology 55, no. 3 (July 2006): 419–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-0597.2006.00262.x.

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12

DELUCA, C., and Z. ERIM. "Common drive of motor units in regulation of muscle force." Trends in Neurosciences 17, no. 7 (1994): 299–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0166-2236(94)90064-7.

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13

Damanik, Siti Nurmawan, and Gusti Ayu Kade Komalasari. "Pengaturan Kepemilikan Satuan Rumah Susun Bagi Warga Negara Asing Menurut Peraturan Menteri Agraria Dan Tata Ruang/ Kepala Badan Pertanahan Nasional RI Nomor 29 Tahun 2016." Jurnal Ilmiah Raad Kertha 3, no. 1 (July 9, 2020): 88–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.47532/jirk.v3i1.170.

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The need for homes for individuals, both for a residence and for a place ofbusiness, is the most felt need to be fulfilled. This need is not only for Indonesian Citizens(WNI) but also for the needs of Foreign Citizens (WNA) who are located or working oropening their business activities in IndonesiaIssues discussed are: legal arrangements regarding ownership of apartment units forforeign nationals in Indonesia and legal certainty for foreign nationals in possessingapartment units in Indonesia. Arrangements for foreigners to have flats in Indonesia, theGovernment issued Government Regulation Number 103 of 2015 concerning ForeignOwnership of Residential Houses or Resettlement in Indonesia and the implementingregulations, namely Regulation of the Minister of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning/ Head of National Land Agency Number 13 of 2016. However, ATR Minister Regulation No. 13 of 2016 is considered to be less than optimal, so the Minister of Agrarian replacesthe Ministerial Regulation with Regulation of the Minister of Agrarian Number 29 of 2016which regulates the same thing. With the issuance of a Certificate of Property Rights inthe Flats, a legal certainty is guaranteed, which is one of the objectives of the constructionof flats. As a suggestion, it is necessary to make specific arrangements regardingownership of apartment units by foreigners, as far as providing benefits to the State andnation of Indonesia, bearing in mind that these regulations are still regulated in severalregulations, but there is no specific regulation concerning ownership of apartment unitsfor these foreign nationals. Indonesian citizens are more prudent in carrying out legalactions involving foreign citizens so as not to pose risks in the future.
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14

Yang, Yang, and Zhenxing (Eddie) Mao. "Welcome to My Home! An Empirical Analysis of Airbnb Supply in US Cities." Journal of Travel Research 58, no. 8 (December 20, 2018): 1274–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0047287518815984.

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We propose a conceptual framework to investigate factors influencing the supply of Airbnb units in US urban communities. Based on a sample of Airbnb supply data from 1068 zip codes in 28 major US cities, we apply a mixed-effects negative binomial model to uncover supply determinants. The results confirm the significance of five supply determinant categories, namely, hotel market demand and supply, housing market demand and supply, and short-term rental regulation. We also highlight the respective impacts of supply determinants on three different Airbnb units: entire houses, private rooms, and shared rooms. Moreover, we examine the unique effects of different types of regulation policies. In general, regulations related to tailored legal framework and hostile enforcement significantly decrease Airbnb unit supply.
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15

Gayvoronskaya, Yana. "People, robots, artificial intelligence: regulatory challenges." Advances in Law Studies 9, no. 2 (July 31, 2021): 26–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/2409-5087-2021-9-2-26-30.

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The problem of regulating the processes of development, creation and use of robots and artificial intelligence (AI) units is acute for all states engaged in the digital transformation of public relations. The article addresses two aspects of the problem: first, the choice of optimal regulatory means corresponding to the present stage of technological development;second, the dependence of legal regimes on the concept and definition of robots and units of artificial intelligence. Qualitative legal regulation is always inextricably linked to precise definitions and the definition of the subject matter of legal regulation. The article examines different approaches to defining robots and artificial intelligence, as well as articulating an author’s view of the choice of legal regimes for different types of AI and robots. The importance of and the need for ethical regulation of robotics and AI are shown in relation to the choice of regulatory instruments. Deontological regulation is considered by the authors to be the most promising and acceptable for the modern level of technology development. At the same time, it has been proved that, in modern conditions, ethical regulation in the field of AI and autonomous robotic apparatus plays the role of self-regulation and assumes the functions of various means of self-regulation.
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16

An, Ya Kun, Le Zheng, Jun Ying Song, Zheng Ye, and Wen Qing Cheng. "A Multi-Objective Assessment for Primary Frequency of Generator." Applied Mechanics and Materials 740 (March 2015): 325–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.740.325.

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The ability of the generator unit response frequency change is the key issue of assessing primary frequency regulation. Meanwhile, the setting of speed regulating system parameter greatly affects primary frequency performance of generators. Therefore, this paper proposes a comprehensive evaluation system, which can comprehensively analyze and evaluate the ability of primary frequency regulation from various aspects. It combines speed regulating system parameter index with common evaluation index. In this part, the author puts forward a multi-objective assessment algorithm. Firstly, when generators experienced disturbances, collect the corresponding data of plant and system. Then the speed regulating system parameter is estimated by the actual accident of generator. Besides, the common evaluation index is calculated, including the contribution electric quantity, response time, delay time and the contribution ratio. Finally, the algorithm is applied to the actual hydro power units and thermal power units, and the results illustrate the feasibility and reliability of the algorithm.
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17

Ilyushin, Pavel, Petr Berezovskiy, and Sergey Filippov. "Approaches to establishing voltage control requirements for distributed generation units." E3S Web of Conferences 139 (2019): 01006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201913901006.

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Analysis of Russian national regulation and technical standards requirements for generating equipment participation in voltage and reactive power control in the power system carried out. Summary of some international experience in voltage control organization under conditions of distributed generation units’ deep integration in public grid is presented in article. Advantages of voltage and reactive power control automation over decentralized and poorly coordinated control are substantiated. Problematic aspects of distributed generation units (including RES) integration, as well as ENTSO-E approaches to voltage and reactive power control in the synchronous zone of continental Europe are considered. Technical requirements of Deutsch and Danish regulations, regarding participation of distributed generation facilities in voltage control are given. Approaches to establishing voltage control requirements for distributed generation units’ operation with national power system are presented.
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18

Guo, Junshan, Junqi Ding, Lingkai Zhu, Yongqiang Che, Wei Zheng, Yihe Ma, and Yang Wang. "The Computational Model of the Peak Regulation Capacity of Cogeneration Units and Its Application." E3S Web of Conferences 53 (2018): 02020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20185302020.

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Studying the peak regulation capacity of cogeneration units is of positive significance to improve the power grid dispatching capacity and promote the new energy source. In order to scientifically calculate the peak shaving capacity of a cogeneration unit, the variable condition calculation model is built up based on the theory of equivalent heat drop, and the load constraint model is also established according to the actual situation, on this basis the complete computational model of the peak regulation capacity of cogeneration units is obtained. Based on a 350MW cogeneration unit in Shandong province, the peak regulation capacity calculation is carried out, and the factors affecting the peak regulation capacity of the unit are analyzed. Compared with the experimental results, the calculation model of the peak regulation capacity in this paper shows a high precision, and can be used to predict the peak regulation capacity of the cogeneration units in different working conditions.
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19

Hou, Yao Fei, Guang Kai Li, Jian Ding, Jie Shen, and Song Teng. "Study on the Influence of DFIG Units with Additional Frequency Control on Power System Emergency Control." Advanced Materials Research 608-609 (December 2012): 579–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.608-609.579.

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The variable-speed doubly-fed wind turbines (DFIG) were able to participate in frequency regulation by adding an additional frequency control. The influences exerted by the additional frequency control of DFIG units and conventional units governors on system frequency emergency control measures were analyzed. When the power shortage is small, it is recommended to consider the DFIG units to participate in frequency regulation, While a large power shortage it is not recommended.
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20

Sinelnikov, D. S., and P. A. Shchinnikov. "Increasing the efficiency of the thermal power units at zoning of heat load curve." Power engineering: research, equipment, technology 21, no. 4 (December 9, 2019): 12–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.30724/1998-9903-2019-21-4-12-19.

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The article deals with the work of heat and power units of thermal power plants in the conditions of disaggregation of the heat load schedule. The purpose of the work is to increase the efficiency of operation of CHP units operating under the conditions of the zoned temperature schedule. To achieve the obtained results, mathematical modeling based on the methods of differential-exergetic and thermodynamic analysis; methods of material, energy and exergetic balances. Research has shown that in order to increase the efficiency the original method of splitting the temperature graph into three zones can be used, each of which is characterized by the method of regulation of heat supply, and to assess the effect of the minimum fuel consumption criterion can be used. The method of determining the equivalent design temperature, which takes into account the regime peculiarities of heat and power units in the form of a method of regulation of heat supply, is developed. Study has shown that three design points should be available when zoning the temperature schedule. Based on optimization calculations for standard sizes of heat and power units of a wide range of capacities, the calculations show that the optimal parameters of heat and power units in the conditions of zoning of the temperature schedule as a whole correspond to the standard values. In addition, it is shown that in each zone of the temperature schedule there is a saving of fuel, which can be from 3 to 30% depending on the type of power unit, its capacity and zone of the temperature schedule, and the annual fuel consumption of the heat and power units can be reduced by approximately 10%. It is shown that when conventional power units operate according to the zoned temperature schedule and in the first zone (quantitative regulation), preference should be given to power units with steam production. In the second zone (mixed regulation), the operation of power units with steam extraction and heat and power units is equivalent. In addition, in the third zone (qualitative regulation) preference should accrue to heat and power units.
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21

Vandenberg, J. I., N. D. Carter, H. W. Bethell, A. Nogradi, Y. Ridderstrale, J. C. Metcalfe, and A. A. Grace. "Carbonic anhydrase and cardiac pH regulation." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 271, no. 6 (December 1, 1996): C1838—C1846. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1996.271.6.c1838.

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Membrane-bound carbonic anhydrase (CA) has recently been identified in mammalian cardiac tissue. In this study, we have investigated the histochemical location and functional role of CA in the ferret heart. Heart sections stained by a modified Hansson's technique showed CA to be located on capillary endothelial membranes as well as on sarcolemmal membranes. In the Langendorff-perfused heart, washout of CO2 brought about by switching perfusion between 25 mM HCO3(-)-5% CO2-buffered solution and nominally HCO3(-)-CO2-free solution caused a transient rise in intracellular pH (pHi) measured by the chemical shift of 2-deoxy-D-glucose 6-phosphate with 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The initial rate of change of pHi, measured over the first 60-75 s of CO2 efflux, was significantly reduced from 0.41 +/- 0.03 pH units/min (n = 9) in control hearts to 0.28 +/- 0.02 pH units/min (n = 5) in the presence of the membrane-permeable CA inhibitor 6-ethoxzolamide (P < 0.05 compared with control) and to 0.22 +/- 0.04 pH units/min (n = 5) in the presence of the membrane-impermeable CA inhibitor CL-11,366 (P < 0.01 compared with control). After reperfusion of the ischemic myocardium, both CA inhibitors caused a significant slowing of initial rate of change in pH (and initial rate of recovery of contractile function) compared with control hearts. These results suggest that CA, by facilitating the hydration-dehydration of CO2-H2CO3, alters the relative concentrations of CO2 inside and outside the cells, thus enhancing the rate of CO2 transfer from the intracellular to extracellular compartments, which contributes significantly to pHi recovery after reperfusion of the ischemic myocardium.
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22

Gama-Castro, S., H. Salgado, M. Peralta-Gil, A. Santos-Zavaleta, L. Muniz-Rascado, H. Solano-Lira, V. Jimenez-Jacinto, et al. "RegulonDB version 7.0: transcriptional regulation of Escherichia coli K-12 integrated within genetic sensory response units (Gensor Units)." Nucleic Acids Research 39, Database (November 4, 2010): D98—D105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkq1110.

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23

Alvarez-Ramirez, Jose, Ricardo Aguilar, and Felipe López-Isunza. "Robust Regulation of Temperature in Reactor−Regenerator Fluid Catalytic Cracking Units." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 35, no. 5 (January 1996): 1652–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie950418j.

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24

Kryściak, Katarzyna, Jan Celichowski, Hanna Drzymała-Celichowska, Phillip F. Gardiner, and Piotr Krutki. "Force regulation and electrical properties of motor units in overloaded muscle." Muscle & Nerve 53, no. 1 (November 26, 2015): 96–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mus.24690.

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25

Le Dily, François, and Miguel Beato. "TADs as modular and dynamic units for gene regulation by hormones." FEBS Letters 589, no. 20PartA (May 24, 2015): 2885–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.febslet.2015.05.026.

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26

Shen, Cheng-Chieh, Chien-Hung Lin, Le-Ren Chang-Chien, Chin-Chung Wu, and Chan-Nan Lu. "Assessment of cycling costs of combined cycle units for frequency regulation." IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution 12, no. 14 (August 14, 2018): 3536–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-gtd.2017.1585.

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27

Yang, Jin Gang, and Nai Yan Zhan. "The Study of Heat Transfer between Adjacent Units on Household Heat Metering." Applied Mechanics and Materials 672-674 (October 2014): 1519–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.672-674.1519.

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Introduces the concept of the heat metering and charging regulation coefficient, describes its’ calculation and the procedures of regulation, also summarizes the calculate formulas. and analyzes the effect of heat transfer between adjacent units on household heat metering, as well as the influence of different floor and different position in a building, different orientation, the area of window contrast to wall, cold wind infiltrating and the natural capacity of heat preservation of surrounding structure and so on. According to the Heating Company, Heating price is 0.14 yuan/kWh. Heat cost consists of two. One is basic cost,the other is changed cost. The proper temperature being on duty is probably 7°C when there is heat transfer between adjacent units. When nobody lives in the rooms, some cost must be paid. Also introduces the concept of the metering and charging regulation coefficient, describes its calculation and procedures of regulation.
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28

Binoti, Daniel Henrique Breda, Mayra Luiza Marques da Silva Binoti, Helio Garcia Leite, José Marinaldo Gleriani, Márcio Leles Romarco de Oliveira, João Carlos Chagas Campos, and Marco Antonio Monte. "Regulation of even-aged forests with inclusion of environmental constraints." CERNE 20, no. 1 (March 2014): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0104-77602014000100004.

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This study aimed to propose alternative methods of inclusion of environmental constraints in forest regulation models. Models were constructed for an experimental rural estate with a total planted area of 3.491 ha which was divided into 135 management units. The formulation of the regulation models included integer constraints for all management units. Genetic algorithm metaheuristic was used for solving the models. For comparison purposes, the classical model of forest regulation (model I) was used, and the model with adjacency constraints. The proposed formulations proved to be environmentally more effective than the imposition of adjacency constraints.
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29

Yliheljo, Emilie. "The Variable Nature of Ownership of Emission Units in the Intersection of Climate Law, Property Law, and the Regulation of Financial Markets." Climate Law 11, no. 1 (April 1, 2021): 45–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18786561-11010002.

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Abstract The article analyses the impact of the origins of emission units in transnational climate policy on market participants in the EU ets and the extension of financial-market regulation to the European carbon market. To assess the consequences of the public-private nature of emission units, a broad view of ownership is taken. Ownership is understood as the legal position of the holder of emission units, being an aggregate of elements of private law but also climate law and financial-market regulation. As a consequence, a picture emerges of a legal position variable in the personal, temporal, and spatial dimensions, following policy-design choices and the evolution of regulation of carbon markets. The ownership of emission units reflects the ongoing balancing of the different public-policy goals of the EU ets and differs from economic theories laying the foundations of emission trading. Due to the necessity for a proactive management of the scheme, regulatory intervention and risk have become inherent features of the ownership of the units, and the impact of changes will vary across different market participants.
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Yang, Yinping, Chao Qin, Yuan Zeng, and Chengshan Wang. "Interval Optimization-Based Unit Commitment for Deep Peak Regulation of Thermal Units." Energies 12, no. 5 (March 10, 2019): 922. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12050922.

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The deep peak regulation of thermal units is an important measure for coping with significant wind power penetration. In this paper, based on interval optimization, a novel multi-objective unit commitment method is proposed considering the deep peak regulation of thermal units. In the proposed method, a thermal power cost model was developed to accurately determine the economic performance of three different peak regulation scenarios, particularly of the deep peak regulation scenario. The midpoint and width of the cost interval are simultaneously considered in the optimization process. The non-dominated sorting GA-II (NSGA-II) algorithm was incorporated into the model for a coordinated control of the midpoint and width of the obtained cost interval for further optimization. Considering that significant wind penetration results in greater nodal variations, the affine arithmetic was employed to solve nodal uncertainties, so that all system variations can be addressed. The method proposed in this paper was validated by a modified IEEE-39 bus system. The results showed that it serves as a useful tool for power dispatchers to obtain robust and economic solutions at different wind power prediction accuracies.
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31

Wu, Hong Xia. "Research on the Primary Frequency Regulation of the Large Capacity Thermal Power Units." Applied Mechanics and Materials 608-609 (October 2014): 915–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.608-609.915.

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Frequency is an important index of power quality, primary frequency regulation is of great significance for maintaining the grid frequency. In recent years, with the expansion of the power grid capacity and the continuous increase of the generator capacity, the large capacity units play a role is becoming more and more important in the primary frequency regulation of power grid. This paper takes ultra supercritical coal-fired units (1000MW) of a power plant of Hubei for example, primary frequency regulation control method, requency offset load curve and so on were studied through relevant test.
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32

Guili, Yuan, Chen Sixuan, and Dou Xiaoxuan. "Research on Two-stage Game Strategy of Virtual Power Plant in Deep Peak Regulation Auxiliary Service Market." E3S Web of Conferences 256 (2021): 01026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125601026.

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There is a large number of combined heat and power units in northern China, and due to the limit of heating demand, the operating mode of setting electricity by heat of combined heat and power units has seriously took over the consumption space of other energy, resulting in severe wind power curtailment and rationing situation in some areas, so this paper studies the deep peak regulation bidding strategy problem considering multiple uncertainties on virtual power plants, and established a two-staged optimization model of virtual power plant to maximize the net revenue, then introduced the Shapely value method with correction coefficient redistribute the peak regulation revenue. The simulation results showed that the two-stage bidding model can not only improve the market competitiveness of the virtual power plant, but also promote the consumption of renewable energy and reduce the market peak regulation service cost. Meanwhile, the improved apportion method can effectively guarantee the enthusiasm of all kinds of units to participate in the deep peak regulation market.
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33

Lapina, Marina Afanas'evna. "Legal aspects of the system of organization of public administration of the territories in the Russian Federation." Административное и муниципальное право, no. 2 (February 2020): 26–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0595.2020.2.32443.

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The subject of this research is the legal norms of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, as well as laws and bylaws regulating the system of organization of state and municipal administration of the territories of the Russian Federation with their further development. A substantial place within legal regulation is allocated to the Strategy of Spatial Development of the Russian Federation until 2025, passed in 2019. The article elucidates the problems of organization of public administration of the newly created territorial units &ndash; spatial agglomerations. The goal consists in presenting the analysis of the correspondence of legislation in the area of organization of public administration of the newly created administrative-territorial units based on economic priorities. The novelty of this research consists in the proposed strategy of scientifically substantiated recommendations on legislative regulation of public administration of the territories of the Russian Federation, with consideration of newly created territorial units &ndash; spatial agglomerations. The conclusion is made on the need to develop a single system of optimal legal regimes per specific territorial unit, representing certain type of agglomeration of supraregional, regional and/or municipal level in different variations.
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Lychagov, S. A., and A. V. Nikolaev. "System of automatic regulation of rotation frequency of diesel engine-electrical units." Russian Electrical Engineering 81, no. 7 (July 2010): 398–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1068371210070102.

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35

Yang, Woo-Hyun, and Woo-Won Chung. "A Proposal of Building Height Regulation by the Condition of Block-units." Journal of the Urban Design Institute of Korea Urban Design 20, no. 6 (December 31, 2019): 5–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.38195/judik.2019.12.20.6.5.

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36

Skokov, Igor'. "Certain problems of legal regulation of the activities of operational police units." Vestnik of the St. Petersburg University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia 2020, no. 2 (July 21, 2020): 165–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.35750/2071-8284-2020-2-165-171.

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Introduction. The article deals with the history of the law enforcement and alteration to certain provisions of the Federal law «On police» from 07.02.2011 № 3-FZ. Goal. The purpose of the work was to evaluate certain provisions of the Federal law «On police» and the Federal law «On operational and investigative activities» from the point of view of operational search activity and on the basis of a comparative legal method of cognition of normative acts regulating the process of law enforcement and operational search activity. To identify the problems of the interaction of these laws. The article presents inconsistencies between the provisions of the Federal law «On police» and the Federal law «On operational and investigative activities». Results. As a result of the work, the author identified and attributed to the number of problematic provisions concerning the right of police officers to conduct operational search activities, the right to enter the homes of citizens, and some others. The author’s suggestions for amendments to the law «On police» are given, and the need for further research aimed at eliminating the identified shortcomings and solving the problems under consideration is determined. The author comes to the conclusion that the timely elimination of the shortcomings of the legal relationship between the Federal law «On police» and the Federal law «On operational and investigative activities» in the context of regulating the activities of operational police units will only increase the efficiency of the organization of operational and investigative activities of the internal affairs bodies.
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Karumidze, G. S. "Silicon and boron carbide based neutron-absorbing materials for reactor regulation units." Atomic Energy 82, no. 5 (May 1997): 380–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02418736.

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38

Marinho da Silva, Márcia Elizabeth, Eduardo R. Santos, and Denis Borenstein. "Implementing Regulation Policy in Brazilian Health Care Regulation Centers." Medical Decision Making 30, no. 3 (December 29, 2009): 366–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0272989x09344748.

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The regulation of specialist medical appointments represents one of the problematic areas of the Brazilian Public Health System. In this regulation process, 2 issues stand out: 1) which patients should have the highest attendance priority, and 2) which service suppliers can best resolve the specific health problem of a patient? Based on the consideration of the existing Brazilian context in the field of medical assistance, this study proposes a model designed to aid regulation centers deal with the decisions related to the process of allocating specialist medical appointments. The model integrates multicriteria decision analysis and linear programming for the specialist medical appointment allocation, in which the allocation of patients is defined as a function of the relative significance of a set of criteria related to the notion of effectiveness of the specialist medical care and the capability of the accredited specialist health care units. The integrated model was implemented in a computer-based system and validated using cardiology and vein surgery data from the regulation center in Porto Alegre, Brazil. The validated computational system was applied to mammography services in another regulation center. The system successfully implemented a prioritization scheme, decreasing significantly the examination waiting time of severe cases.
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39

Nishimura, M., D. C. Johnson, B. M. Hitzig, P. Okunieff, and H. Kazemi. "Effects of hypercapnia on brain pHi and phosphate metabolite regulation by 31P-NMR." Journal of Applied Physiology 66, no. 5 (May 1, 1989): 2181–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1989.66.5.2181.

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The ability of brain cells to regulate intracellular pH (pHi) and several phosphate metabolites was evaluated during 1 h of hypercapnia (inspiratory CO2 fraction of 0.10 and 0.05) in anesthetized rats by 31P high-field (145.6 MHz) nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Body temperature was maintained at 37 +/- 0.5 degrees C. Fully relaxed spectra were obtained for controls and 30–50 min after CO2 loading and CO2 withdrawal. Spectra were taken serially every 2.5 min after gas mixtures were changed. Brain pHi decreased 0.10 +/- 0.02 units [7.06 +/- 0.01 (SE)] to 6.96 +/- 0.01 (P less than 0.001) after 30–50 min of 10% CO2 breathing, and arterial pH decreased 0.24 +/- 0.01 units. Brain pHi decreased by 0.045 +/- 0.01 units (7.05 +/- 0.01 to 7.01 +/- 0.01, P less than 0.05) during 5% CO2 breathing. Brain pHi returned to control values after 30–50 min of CO2 washout in both groups. In three of six animals breathing 10% CO2, there was an undershoot in brain pHi by 0.07–0.09 units between 2.5 and 20 min of hypercapnia. Three animals exhibited an overshoot in pHi by 0.06–0.11 units between 7.5 and 17.5 min during CO2 washout. Phosphocreatine-to-Pi and Pi-to-beta-ATP ratios changed during hypercapnia and returned to base line after withdrawal of CO2. The findings of a smaller brain pHi change than arterial pH change and undershoots and overshoots in pHi support the view that pHi regulation involves active processes such as transmembrane ion transport.
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40

Ding, Dong, Jian Lin Li, Shui Li Yang, Xiao Gang Wu, and Zong Qi Liu. "Capacity Configuration of BESS as an Alternative to Coal-Fired Power Units for Frequency Control." Advanced Materials Research 953-954 (June 2014): 743–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.953-954.743.

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Coal-fired power units show defects in meeting the demands of maintaining power system frequency stability. This is mainly due to their inherent characteristics and a continuous increase in renewable generation. Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) has such advantages as fast response and precise tracking, thus may be a new frequency regulation method. On basis of the principle of energy storage for regulation, capacity configuration of energy storage is made as an alternative to coal-fired power unit accounting for both primary and secondary frequency regulation. Example calculations and simulation in MATLAB/SIMULINK are conducted to verify the feasibility of the proposed capacity configuration methods and the reliability of the energy storage system for regulation.
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41

Wang, Xiao Hua, and Yong Mei Zhang. "Based on Hybrid Particle Swarm Optimization of the AGC Units Dispatch." Applied Mechanics and Materials 48-49 (February 2011): 274–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.48-49.274.

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On the premise of ensuring safety and reliability in electricity market environment, the goal of State Grid Corporation is that purchase AGC ancillary service charges of reducing cost. This paper first takes total expense from many AGC units as an objective function, , which synthetically considers total regulation MW amount and total regulation speed constraints. A novel hybrid particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is applied to solve the problem. Numerical simulation results show that the improved PSO algorithm has advantages both in the calculation accuracy and the convergence speed. Therefore, it is concluded that the algorithm is supposed to be an effective way to deal with the optimized issue in the power market.
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42

李, 新民. "Research on Increasing the Peak Regulation Ability of Heat Supply Units by Combined Heating of Multiple Units and Auxiliary Steam." Mechanical Engineering and Technology 07, no. 06 (2018): 451–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/met.2018.76055.

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43

Incognito, Anthony V., Milena Samora, Andrew D. Shepherd, Roberta A. Cartafina, Gabriel M. N. Guimarães, Mauricio Daher, Philip J. Millar, and Lauro C. Vianna. "Arterial baroreflex regulation of muscle sympathetic single-unit activity in men: influence of resting blood pressure." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 318, no. 4 (April 1, 2020): H937—H946. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00700.2019.

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The arterial baroreflex has dominant control over multiunit muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) burst occurrence, but whether this extends to all single units or is influenced by resting blood pressure status is unclear. In 22 men (32 ± 8 yr), we assessed 68 MSNA single units during sequential bolus injections of nitroprusside and phenylephrine (modified Oxford). Sympathetic baroreflex sensitivity (sBRS) was quantified as the weighted negative linear regression slope between diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and single-unit spike firing probability and multiple spike firing. Strong negative linear relationships ( r ≥ −0.50) between DBP and spike firing probability were observed in 63/68 (93%) single units (−2.27 ± 1.27%·cardiac cycle−1·mmHg−1 [operating range, 18 ± 8 mmHg]). In contrast, only 45/68 (66%) single units had strong DBP-multiple spike firing relationships (−0.13 ± 0.18 spikes·cardiac cycle−1·mmHg−1 [operating range, 14 ± 7 mmHg]). Participants with higher resting DBP (65 ± 3 vs. 77 ± 3 mmHg, P < 0.001) had similar spike firing probability sBRS (low vs. high, −2.08 ± 1.08 vs. −2.46 ± 1.42%·cardiac cycle−1·mmHg−1, P = 0.33), but a smaller sBRS operating range (20 ± 6 vs. 16 ± 9 mmHg, P = 0.01; 86 ± 24 vs. 52 ± 25% of total range, P < 0.001) and a higher proportion of single units without arterial baroreflex control outside this range [6/31 (19%) vs. 21/32 (66%), P < 0.001]. Participants with higher resting DBP also had fewer single units with arterial baroreflex control of multiple spike firing (79 vs. 53%, P = 0.04). The majority of MSNA single units demonstrate strong arterial baroreflex control over spike firing probability during pharmacological manipulation of blood pressure. Changes in single-unit sBRS operating range and control of multiple spike firing may represent altered sympathetic recruitment patterns associated with the early development of hypertension. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Muscle sympathetic single units can be differentially controlled during stress. In contrast, we demonstrate that 93% of single units maintain strong arterial baroreflex control during pharmacological manipulation of blood pressure. Interestingly, the operating range and proportion of single units that lose arterial baroreflex control outside of this range are influenced by resting blood pressure levels. Altered single unit, but not multiunit, arterial baroreflex control may represent changes in sympathetic recruitment patterns in early stage development of hypertension.
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44

Ryzhov, D., O.-i. Shugaio, O.-r. Shugaylo, O. Kendzera, M. Marienkov, V. Shenderovich, and R. Buryak. "About Modern Requirements for Seismic Resistance Design and Evaluation of Seismic Safety of Ukrainian NPPs." Nuclear and Radiation Safety, no. 2(74) (May 22, 2017): 9–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.32918/nrs.2017.2(74).02.

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According to Articles 22 and 24 of the Law of Ukraine “On Nuclear Energy Use and Radiation Safety” and with the aim of improving the regulatory and legal documents regulating nuclear and radiation safety of nuclear installations, the regulation “Requirements for Seismic Resistance Design and Evaluation of Seismic Safety of Ukrainian NPPs: NP 306.2.208-2016” was developed. The paper presents modern requirements included into NP 306.2.208-2016. The emphasis was done on new requirements that were not previously available in PNAE G-006-87, but should be taken into account both in the design of new NPP units and in the assessment/reassessment of seismic resistance of operating units.
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45

Fastovets, V. A. "PROBLEMS OF THE LEGAL REGULATION OF SPECIAL KNOWLEDGE USE OPERATIVE UNITS OF SECURITY SERVICE OF UKRAINE." Theory and Practice of Forensic Science and Criminalistics 17 (November 29, 2017): 69–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.32353/khrife.2017.08.

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The problematic issues of using scientific, technical, natural and other special knowledge in criminal proceedings for the purpose of revealing, disclosure and investigation of crimes for a long time were always paid with considerable attention as from practical employees, and scientific workers. The actuality of this thematic range is conditioned by constant technical progress, updating ofa technical number ofscientific, criminalistic and other means which are used during revealing, formalizing and seizure of crime traces, by appearance of new types of expert researches, change of special knowledge forms use in criminal legal proceedings and by many other factors. There was pointed out to the lacks ofa legal regulation in the applicable legislation regarding participation of knowledgeable persons in operative-search activity. According to the results of the analysis performed, the author ascertains the absence of such regulation at the level of normative-legal acts defining legal bases for the separate law enforcement bodies activity (except for the National anticorruption bureau of Ukraine), and the normative-legal acts regulating separate kinds of activity of their operative units. In its turn, the similar state of matters can call into question legality of use of the received results ofsuch activity as proofs in the criminal proceedings. The research of scientific works ofprocessionalists established the absence of the uniform approach to the decision of the specified problematic questions. The paper also studies the level of legal regulation of special knowledge use for achievement of the operative activity goals in the post-Soviet territory countries, in particular, in Republic of Kazakhstan, Republic of Turkmenistan, Republic of Belarus, the Kyrghyz Republic and some other, and there is drawn a conclusion about the presence of the corresponding norms in the legislation of these countries. Taking into account stated, the author proves necessity of formalizing similar provisions in the corresponding normative-legal acts of Ukraine.
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46

De Luca, Carlo J., Joshua C. Kline, and Paola Contessa. "Transposed firing activation of motor units." Journal of Neurophysiology 112, no. 4 (August 15, 2014): 962–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00619.2013.

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Muscles are composed of groups of muscle fibers, called motor units, each innervated by a single motoneuron originating in the spinal cord. During constant or linearly varying voluntary force contractions, motor units are activated in a hierarchical order, with the earlier-recruited motor units having greater firing rates than the later-recruited ones. We found that this normal pattern of firing activation can be altered during oscillatory contractions where the force oscillates at frequencies ≥2 Hz. During these high-frequency oscillations, the activation of the lower-threshold motor units effectively decreases and that of the higher-threshold motor units effectively increases. This transposition of firing activation provides means to activate higher-threshold motor units preferentially. Our results demonstrate that the hierarchical regulation of motor unit activation can be manipulated to activate specific motoneuron populations preferentially. This finding can be exploited to develop new forms of physical therapies and exercise programs that enhance muscle performance or that target the preferential atrophy of high-threshold motor units as a result of aging or motor disorders such as stroke and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
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Andrews, D. F., J. J. Nemunaitis, and J. W. Singer. "Recombinant tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin 1 alpha increase expression of c-abl protooncogene mRNA in cultured human marrow stromal cells." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 86, no. 17 (September 1989): 6788–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.86.17.6788.

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Analysis of protooncogene RNA expression in marrow stromal cells from long-term marrow culture demonstrated high levels of c-abl 5-, 6-, and 7-kilobase (kb) RNA transcripts. In experiments on three independently derived simian virus 40-transformed marrow stromal cell lines, the expression of these c-abl transcripts was further increased in response to recombinant tumor necrosis factor alpha (1000 units/ml) and interleukin 1 alpha (10 units/ml). Although lymphocyte-conditioned medium predominantly up-regulated the 5-kb transcript, interleukin 1 alpha primarily affected the 6-kb transcript. The up-regulation of the 5-kb c-abl message correlated with up-regulation of the granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor transcript and down-regulation of procollagen I transcripts in transformed cells. These data suggest that c-abl plays roles in the regulation of extracellular matrix expression and in the regulation of hematopoietic growth factors by stromal cells.
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48

Li, Jun, and Wei Wei Li. "Research and Optimization of Thermal Power Unit's Automatic Control Based on Frequency Regulation Ability of Power Grid." Applied Mechanics and Materials 330 (June 2013): 606–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.330.606.

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Wind power and other new energy connected to power grid bring new challenges to optimal operation of power systems. The stability of power grid mainly depends on primary frequency compensation and secondary frequency compensation of thermal power units. By analyzing the theory and practice of DEH and coordinated control system (CCS) of thermal power units, combined with the insufficient of actual primary frequency compensation and automatic power generation control (AGC) strategy response to frequency of accidents, the optimization of primary frequency compensation and AGC of thermal power units automatic control were offered. The practical application results show that the proposed control strategy can effectively control the thermal power units to achieve the stability of power grid frequency.
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49

Song, Yuhui, Zhanhua Pan, Baike Chen, and Zhaoxia Jing. "Research on Basic Characteristics and Bidding Strategy of Thermal Power Units in Fujian Spot Market." E3S Web of Conferences 252 (2021): 02005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125202005.

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In the electricity market environment, thermal power units have changed from the executors of power production under the monopoly mechanism to the decision-makers of production and operation under the competitive environment. The merits and demerits of bidding schemes for thermal power units are directly related to self-interest of themselves. The bidding decisions of power plants are not only affected by economic factors, but also by technical factors peculiar to the power system and the electric generator. In recent years, research on bidding strategies of thermal power units based on the power market environment has been paid more and more attention in the field of electric market. This paper first introduces the basic peak regulation and frequency modulation technical characteristics of thermal power units and cost calculation. Then, from the angle of quotation, paper analyzes characteristics of quotation mechanism of units in Fujian Electric Power day-ahead, real-time and peak regulation auxiliary service market. Furthermore, the research status of bidding strategies of thermal power units participating in electricity market at home and abroad in cost analysis, market clearing price prediction, game theory and so on are summarized. Finally, the bidding strategy for units in Fujian Spot Market is put forward.
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50

Belova, Iryna, Olha Zavytiy, and Nataliia Semenyshena. "Theoretical aspects of foreign economic activity of institutional units in Ukraine." Economic discourse, no. 2 (June 2019): 65–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.36742/2410-0919-2019-2-6.

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Introduction. The research is devoted to the genesis, determination of definitions, theoretical aspects of the development of foreign economic activity of institutional units and tendencies of its normative and legal regulation. Methods. The theoretical and methodological basis of the research is the works of leading scientists on foreign economic activity, legislative and regulatory documents that regulate the foreign economic activity of institutional units. The following scientific methods were used in the process of research: induction and deduction, analysis and synthesis - during theoretical generalizations, formation of relevant conclusions; bibliographic - research of literary sources to obtain necessary information on the topic of research the method of associations and analogies - for the proposed new ideas and suggestions that arise on the basis of comparison with other more or less similar objects. Results. The article explores theoretical and organizational and practical principles of defining the essence of the concepts of “foreign economic activity” and "foreign economic relations” in the current conditions of economic development. The types of such activities are considered and it is concluded that state regulation of foreign economic activity in Ukraine under conditions of liberalization should facilitate the establishment and development of foreign economic relations of the institutional units of the country with foreign counterparties. Discussion. Prospects for further research see the study of international experience in conducting foreign economic activity and foreign economic relations and the mechanism of state regulation of foreign economic activity of institutional units. Keywords: foreign economic activity, economic activity, foreign economic operation, export, import, foreign entities, world market.
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