Dissertations / Theses: 'Regulation network'

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Lottridge, Jillian Merredith. "Regulation of the yeast endosomal sorting network /." view abstract or download file of text, 2006. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p3211222.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2006.
Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 76-86). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.

2

Gassner, Katharina. "Liberalisation and regulation in European network utilities." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2002. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1656/.

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This thesis considers different aspects of the liberalisation and simultaneous economic regulation of network utilities in the European Union. Two groups of arguments justify that regulation is maintained in these industries after the removal of barriers to competitive entry. The first group of arguments is linked to the natural monopoly characteristics displayed by such services. These imply that competition cannot be relied upon to restrain the dominant position of network operators. The second group of arguments relates to the social dimension, or public service nature, of utility services. The essential role played by these services justifies government intervention in form of price controls, universal service obligations and other qualitative regulations. The thesis has two parts of different nature, each part comprising two chapters. In the first part, an introductory chapter describes the framework within which the economic regulation of network utilities is inscribed, and discusses key trade-offs between different regulatory policy objectives. The second chapter analyses how the regulatory framework for liberalised network industries developed in the UK compares to the framework in place in Germany. Germany has embarked on reform of its network utilities considerably later than the UK, and displays unique characteristics in its industry structures, in particular a strong federal element. The German case illustrates how the general economic principles underlying the liberalisation and regulation process are interpreted in the European environment, and are adapted to national characteristics. The second part of the thesis focuses on specific aspects of liberalisation and regulation using econometric techniques. In chapter 3, access price elasticities in the fixed telephony industry are estimated on the basis of a pseudo-panel. The main question addressed is whether the rebalancing of tariffs that has taken place in the wake of liberalisation has had the potential to deteriorate household access to the fixed telephone network. The last and fourth chapter looks at patterns and determinants of supplier switching in the domestic gas and electricity markets in Great Britain using data from a true household panel. Its main conclusion is that the likelihood of supplier switching is influenced more strongly by variables linked to cost savings than by socio-demographic factors such as income.

3

Wagner, Andrew T. "The economic consequences of network neutrality regulation." Kansas State University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/13598.

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Master of Arts
Department of Economics
Dennis L. Weisman
The Internet is a network that consists of content providers and users connected to each other through the communication lines managed by network providers. Network neutrality rules are designed to protect independent content providers from unjust discrimination by network providers. This report explores the economic rationale for net neutrality rules, how the regulation should be enforced, and its potential effects on competition. The report finds that net neutrality encourages competition among content providers by subsidizing content provider access but concentrates the market for network providers by forcing network providers to compete primarily through price competition. It considers this to be a beneficial arrangement for economic growth, but observes that there is a potential for all sides of the market to be subsidized by advertiser fees. It also shows that despite the Federal Communications Commission's heavy involvement with network neutrality rules, these rules are actually based in a long history of antitrust regulation. It concludes, however, that the current regulatory environment is sufficient for enforcing net neutrality rules.

4

Silvestri, Virginia. "Network development and regulation in broadband markets." Thesis, IMT Alti Studi Lucca, 2012. http://e-theses.imtlucca.it/102/1/Silvestri_phdthesis.pdf.

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This thesis analyses the issues related to broadband development, investment in Next Generation Networks (NGN) and regulation. The first chapter is a literature review on the determinants of adoption and usage of broadband, on one side, and on the determinants of the investment incentives in NGN and the impact of regulation, on the other side. The second and the third chapters are theoretical contributions to the literature on investment in NGN and regulation. We briefly describe the content of each chapter below. - First Chapter: This study surveys the theoretical literature and empirical evidence on two parallel and related issues regarding broadband development: the demand-side determinants of broadband adoption and usage and the relationship between investment incentives and regulation. The first section presents the results found in the literature on the main drivers of broadband adoption. We report also the empirical literature which attempts to disentangle ”adoption” from ”usage” of broadband. Further, the effect of location on adoption is examined, mainly regarding the rural/urban digital divide. Then, the interaction between fixed and mobile broadband is analysed, particularly discussing whether the adoption of fixed broadband and mobile broadband follows similar or diverging patterns. The second section reviews the literature regarding the determinants of the incentives to invest in broadband and their relationship with the regulatory framework. We also report the most recent studies on the main issues regarding the development of the Next Generation Networks (NGN). - Second Chapter: A vertically integrated incumbent and an OLO (Other Licensed Operator) compete in the market for broadband access. The incumbent has the option to invest in building a Next Generation Network that covers all urban areaswith similar demand structures. The investment return in terms of demand increase is uncertain. We compare the impact of different access regulation regimes - full regulation, partial regulation (only the copper network is regulated), risk sharing - on investment incentives and social welfare. We find that, when the alternative for the OLO is using the copper network rather than leaving the market entirely, exclusion of the OLO does not necessarily happen in equilibrium even when the incumbent is better in offering valueadded services. Risk sharing emerges as the most preferable regime both from a consumer and a social welfare perspective for a large range of parameters. - Third Chapter: We model the competition between an incumbent firm and an Other Licensed Operator (OLO) in the broadbandmarket, where the incumbent has an investment option to build a Next Generation Network (NGN) and it can do so by making a risk sharing agreement with the OLO, or alone. Differently from other theoretical research, we discuss about two different kinds of risk sharing contractual forms – basic risk sharing, where no side-payment is given for the use of the NGN between co-investors, and joint-venture risk sharing, where a side-payment is set by the co-investing firms – and we compare them with the scenario in which the incumbent invests on a stand-alone basis. Then, we consider the introduction of a late entrant and we examine the related impact on the robustness of the risk sharing agreement and the equilibrium results. We find that risk sharing can potentially be beneficial in terms of competition and investments, but the number of firms involved matters and so does the choice of the NGN access price, for insiders and outsiders of the agreement. Although eventually the regulators’ objective is having no more network duplication and all operators using the NGN, it might not be an optimal strategy to start with all the firms in the market involved in a risk sharing agreement, unless the insiders NGN access charge is constrained at zero. Even when the presence of firms outside of the agreement force insiders to compete more fiercely, there might be a concern with the potential exclusion of the outsiders from the NGN. Therefore, a light regulation imposing no exclusion would be advisable.

5

Trujillo-Baute, Elisa. "The Impact of EU Regulation in Network Industries." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/287328.

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Within the European Union (EU), economic regulation is often used as a promotion mechanism to achieve specific objectives. In the telecommunications and the energy sectors this is observable through those regulations that promote the participation of new agents and/or new technologies Access regulation has been implemented in the EU to promote the entrance of new agents in the telecommunications sector. With the aim of stimulating competition and achieving its desired effects in markets and among consumers, new entrants have been provided with access to incumbents fixed-line infrastructure at the wholesale level. Similarly, as part of the EU 2020 energy strategy, the Climate and Energy Package undertook to implement the “20-20-20” targets. Among these, arguably the most challenging is raising up to 20% the share of EU energy consumption produced from renewable resources. Member States have embraced this target by promoting the production of electricity from renewable energy sources. Within the telecommunications sector, one of the markets affected by changes in the European regulatory framework is that of the broadband service. The rationale behind access regulation is that entrants be allowed initially to provide a service that requires minimum direct investment while relying on the incumbents existing network; however, subsequently, entrants are expected to increase their investments as they develop their own infrastructure in a process captured by the “ladder of investment” theory . This EU regulation has clear implications for the firms investment decisions and, as such, for aggregate infrastructure investment at the country level in the telecommunications sector. From a firm level point of view, in the context of the access regulation implemented in the EU, new market competitors are able to provide broadband access for customers by using the incumbents infrastructure, the prices for which are regulated. As such, firm performance is, in part, dependent on regulatory decisions, while the implementation of regulated rates directly affects firm performance in two ways: by impacting the entrants production costs through the input prices and by impacting the incumbents wholesale and retail income. In addition, a firms behavior will also be determined by the firms characteristics, and given that in most countries broadband services are now provided by a broad range of operators, including incumbents and entrants as well as national and multinational firms, these are fundamental for any regulatory analysis. Within the energy sector, following the setting of the 20-20-20 targets under the corresponding EU regulation, the feed-in tariff regulation has become the most widely adopted mechanism by Member States to encourage the take-up and development of electricity generation from renewable energy sources. Under the feed-in tariff regulation, a specific price is guaranteed per unit of electricity generated by the target technologies. In most Member States the cost of resources assigned to promoting the production of electricity from renewable energy sources is borne by the final consumer. In recent years, however, the recession has caused governments, industry and consumers alike to worry about high retail energy prices, and here some of the blame has been attributed to climate policies, in general, and to the feed-in tariff regulation, in particular. In this regard, two components of the electricity retail price can be expected to be influenced by the feed-in tariff regulation: the incentives to those firms producing electricity from renewable energy sources and the wholesale price of electricity. The two components, which act over the electricity retail price in opposite directions, are functions of the proportion and type of renewable sources in the energy mix. Technology-specific considerations are clearly therefore important for any empirical analysis of the impact of EU regulation on the energy sector. This dissertation undertakes an empirical analysis of the impact of EU regulation. More precisely, I analyze the effects of access regulation on the telecommunications sector and of the feed-in tariff regulation as a policy mechanism designed to accelerate investment in renewable energy technologies on the energy sector.

6

Rossouw, Frans Jacobus. "Analysis of voltage regulation and network support technologies." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/51588.

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Thesis (MEng)--University of Stellenbosch, 2000.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Recent advances in semiconductor device development pushed a large number of network devices onto the market. These devices can solve network problems more effectively and economically than ever before. Network planners need tools to analyse and implement such devices to help solve the largest network problem in South Africa: voltage regulation. Rural networks experience the majority of voltage-regulation problems in South Africa. The networks are long sub-transmission and reticulation networks and are modelled by two generic networks, namely a radial network and a two-source ring network. The equations describing voltage regulation for the generic networks are developed and implemented in PSAT, a software analysis tool. The voltage regulation for two case studies that represent the two generic networks are analysed. Four generic network devices are defined and various control methods for these devices are developed to solve the network problem. The aim of PSAT is to help the network planner to quickly evaluate a number of possible solutions and to choose the best solution for further studies. This is demonstrated with the aid of the case studies. PSAT provides a sturdy platform on which future developments, such as stability analyses, can be built. However, PSAT can already function as a stand-alone analysis tool to solve voltage regulation as a network problem.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Onlangse vooruitgang in halfgeleier ontwikkeling het 'n groot aantal netwerktoestelle op die mark geplaas. Hierdie toestelle kan netwerk probleme doeltreffender en meer ekonomies oplos as ooit vantevore. 'n Behoefte aan 'n pakket wat netwerkbeplanners in staat stelom die netwerktoestelle te analiseer, is geïdentifiseer. So 'n pakket sal hulle help om die vernaamste netwerkprobleem in Suid-Afrika, nl. spanningsregulasie, op te los. Die oorgrote meerderheid spanningsregulasie probleme word op die platteland ondervind. Plattelandse netwerke word gekenmerk deur lang sub-transmissie en retikulasie netwerke. Hierdie netwerke word met behulp van twee generiese netwerke gemodelleer. 'n Radiale netwerk en 'n dubbelbron ringnetwerk word aangewend om enige plattelandse netwerk te analiseer. Vergelykings is vir spanningsanalise ontwikkel en in PSAT, 'n analitiese sagteware pakket, geïmplementeer. Twee gevallestudies is gedoen om die twee netwerke afsonderlik voor te stel en die vergelykings van PSAT te evalueer. Alle netwerktoestelle is in een van vier generiese kategorieë geklassifiseer. Modelle is vir elk van die kategorieë ontwikkel vtr spanningsregulasie analise. Die doel van PSAT is om die netwerk beplanner te help om vinnig en effektief soveel moontlik opsies te ondersoek as oplossings vir 'n spesifieke netwerk probleem. PSAT is reeds 'n alleenstaande pakket wat in die toekoms uitgebrei sal word om na die analise van stabilitietsprobleme te kyk.

7

GHANEM, AMER. "A Modular Gene Regulation Network Model of Artificial Ontogenesis." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1204580560.

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8

He, Dongze. "Discovery of Causal Regulatory Network of System Level Measurements by Integrative Network Analysis." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1554471052567431.

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9

Maida, Elisabeth M. (Elisabeth Marigo). "The regulation of internet interconnection : assessing network market power." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/79345.

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Thesis (S.M. in Technology and Policy)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, Technology and Policy Program; and, (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2013.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 59-64).
Interconnection agreements in the telecommunications industry have always been constrained by regulation. Internet interconnection has not received the same level of scrutiny. Recent debates regarding proposed mergers, network neutrality, Internet peering, and last mile competition have generated much discussion about whether Internet interconnection regulation is warranted. In order to determine whether such regulation is necessary, policymakers need appropriate metrics to help gauge a network provider's market power. Since Internet interconnection agreements are typically not published publicly, policymakers must instead rely on proxy metrics and inferred interconnection relationships. Alessio D'Ignazio and Emanuele Giovannetti have attempted to address this challenge by proposing a standard set of metrics that are based on and assessed using network topology data. They suggest two metrics, referred to as customer cone and betweenness, as proxies for market size and market power. This thesis focuses on the efficacy of the proposed customer cone and betweenness metrics as proxies for network market size and market power.
by Elisabeth M. Maida.
S.M.
S.M.in Technology and Policy

10

Larsson, Mats B. O. "The network performance assessment model : a new framework of regulating the electricity network companies." Licentiate thesis, KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-305.

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When the Swedish electricity market was re-regulated in 1996 the trading with electricity was exposed to competition and the net service henceforth should be comprised by a monopoly comprised by a regulation. The regulation was based on a review of the costs of the network companies. No attention were paid to if the network was efficient. The following years many of the networks were sold from the municipalities to power companies, to increasing merger prices. The increasing prices in the mergers were followed by increasing prices to the subscribers of the network services. The regulator tried to stop the fast increasing prices, but didn’t succeed. The regulation paradigm couldn’t face the new realities and had to be revised.

In 1998 the author of this thesis was commissioned by the Swedish Regulator to propose a new regulation model for the Swedish grid companies. Existing models were reviewed but none of them fulfilled the requirements from the regulator; to be self-regulating and give incentives to improved efficiency and distribution reliability. Therefore a new approach was launched. The new approach was to change perspective from a company focus to a consumer focus – a performance-based regulation.

The solution was to base the regulation of the creation of a standard asset, a Reference Network. From this a new model – the Network Performance Assessment Model (NPAM) – was defined. The Reference Network is defined by four definitions, concerning the elements and topology of a Reference Network, the Subscriber Requirements and the Objective Prerequisites. These definitions grants the transparency of the model.

The model is sharp and is run into operation in 2004. The final test of the model indicated that the Swedish network companies are overcharging their subscribers with approximately 20%.

This thesis is an explanation of the model and the definitions, and a review of the thoughts and research which formed the model. Moreover there is a discussion of some topics reported by others in articles about the model. Finally in the conclusion there are topics of simplicity and transparency.

11

Janga, Sarath Chandra. "Exploiting network-based approaches for understanding gene regulation and function." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2010. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/236171.

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It is increasingly becoming clear in the post-genomic era that proteins in a cell do not work in isolation but rather work in the context of other proteins and cellular entities during their life time. This has lead to the notion that cellular components can be visualized as wiring diagrams composed of different molecules like proteins, DNA, RNA and metabolites. These systems-approaches for quantitatively and qualitatively studying the dynamic biological systems have provided us unprecedented insights at varying levels of detail into the cellular organization and the interplay between different processes. The work in this thesis attempts to use these systems or network-based approaches to understand the design principles governing different cellular processes and to elucidate the functional and evolutionary consequences of the observed principles. Chapter 1 is an introduction to the concepts of networks and graph theory summarizing the various properties which are frequently studied in biological networks along with an overview of different kinds of cellular networks that are amenable for graph-theoretical analysis, emphasizing in particular on transcriptional, post-transcriptional and functional networks. In Chapter 2, I address the questions, how and why are genes organized on a particular fashion on bacterial genomes and what are the constraints bacterial transcriptional regulatory networks impose on their genomic organization. I then extend this one step further to unravel the constraints imposed on the network of TF-TF interactions and relate it to the numerous phenotypes they can impart to growing bacterial populations. Chapter 3 presents an overview of our current understanding of eukaryotic gene regulation at different levels and then shows evidence for the existence of a higher-order organization of genes across and within chromosomes that is constrained by transcriptional regulation. The results emphasize that specific organization of genes across and within chromosomes that allowed for efficient control of transcription within the nuclear space has been selected during evolution. Chapter 4 first summarizes different computational approaches for inferring the function of uncharacterized genes and then discusses network-based approaches currently employed for predicting function. I then present an overview of a recent high-throughput study performed to provide a 'systems-wide' functional blueprint of the bacterial model, Escherichia coli K-12, with insights into the biological and evolutionary significance of previously uncharacterized proteins. In Chapter 5, I focus on post-transcriptional regulatory networks formed by RBPs. I discuss the sequence attributes and functional processes associated with RBPs, methods used for the construction of the networks formed by them and finally examine the structure and dynamics of these networks based on recent publicly available data. The results obtained here show that RBPs exhibit distinct gene expression dynamics compared to other class of proteins in a eukaryotic cell. Chapter 6 provides a summary of the important aspects of the findings presented in this thesis and their practical implications. Overall, this dissertation presents a framework which can be exploited for the investigation of interactions between different cellular entities to understand biological processes at different levels of resolution.

12

Helander, Sara. "Structural biology of transcriptional regulation in the c-Myc network." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Kemi, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-106185.

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The oncogene c-‐Myc is overexpressed in many types of human cancers and regulation of c-‐Myc expression is crucial in a normal cell. The intrinsically disordered N-‐terminal transactivation domain interacts with a wide range of proteins regulating c-‐Myc activity. The highly conserved Myc box I region includes residues Thr58 and Ser62, which are involved in the phosphorylation events that control c-‐Myc degradation by ubiquitination. Aggressive cell growth, leading to tumor formation, occurs if activated c-‐ Myc is not degraded by ubiquitination. Such events may be triggered by defects in the regulated network of interactions involving Pin1 and phospho-‐dependent kinases. In this thesis, the properties of the intrinsically disordered unphosphorylated c-‐Myc1-‐88 and its interaction with Bin1 are studied by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and surface plasmon resonance (SPR). Furthermore, the interaction of Myc1-‐88 with Pin1 is analyzed in molecular detail, both for unphosphorylated and Ser62 phosphorylated c-‐Myc1-‐88, providing a first molecular description of a disordered but specific c-‐Myc complex. A detailed analysis of the dynamics and structural properties of the transcriptional activator TAF in complex with TBP, both by NMR spectroscopy and crystallography, provides insight into transcriptional regulation and how c-‐Myc could interact with TBP. Finally, the structure of a novel N-‐terminal domain motif in FKBP25, which we name the Basic Tilted Helix Bundle (BTHB) domain, and its binding to YY1, which also binds c-‐Myc, is described. By investigating the structural and dynamic properties of c-‐Myc and c-‐Myc-‐interacting proteins, this thesis thus provides further insight to the molecular basis for c-‐Myc functionality in transcriptional regulation.

13

Zhan, Song. "A development gene regulation network model for Electronic Circuit design." Thesis, University of York, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.516396.

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14

Miller, Miles Aaron. "Understanding and targeting network-level sheddase regulation in invasive disease." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/81670.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Biological Engineering, 2013.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 197-212).
Regulated cell-surface proteolysis underpins key processes of cellular growth and motility in both physiological and pathological contexts. However, comprehending how multiple proteolytic events cohesively integrate to yield context-dependent cellular behavior remains a challenge in the fields of both protease biology and systems biology in general. This work begins to address that challenge by quantitatively investigating the integrated effect of multiple diverse proteolytic events and their interaction with cell-signaling pathways from a computational network perspective, particularly focusing on A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinases (ADAMs). ADAMs have been studied for decades as the principal cell-surface "sheddases" responsible for cleaving growth factor ligands and receptor tyrosine kinase ectodomains from the cell surface. However, activity regulation, feedback, and catalytic promiscuity impede our understanding of context-dependent sheddase function, and clinical trials targeting metalloproteinases in cancer have failed in part due to a poor understanding of the complex functions they mediate. This thesis outlines a conceptual framework for studying protease network biology (Chapter 1), describes novel experimental methods designed for such a framework (Chapters 2-3), and applies both to understand protease regulation in invasive disease (Chapter 4). Using combined measurement and computational modeling, we present a paradigm for monitoring and analyzing complex networks of protease activities that interface with signaling pathways to influence cellular migration in the invasive diseases of cancer and endometriosis. We find sheddase activity integrates with signaling pathways to direct cell migration, especially through concomitant proteolysis of both ligands and receptors. We find that indirect reduction of sheddase activity through kinase inhibition can lead to an accumulation of growth-factor receptors on the cell surface, consequently producing undesired compensatory signaling feedback. Thus, here we present a novel mechanism of rapid, protease-driven resistance to kinase inhibitors, and we subsequently demonstrate strategies for overcoming resistance through drug combinations. We develop a novel microfluidic platform to study protease activities in clinical samples, and apply the technology to study the peritoneal fluid from endometriosis patients. Results indicate joint dysregulation of sheddase activity with disease. Overall, this work provides a model for measuring, understanding, and targeting networks of proteases and the kinases with which they interact.
by Miles Aaron Miller.
Ph.D.

15

Tenbücken, Marc. "The Regulation of Network Infrastructures in the New European Union." [S.l. : s.n.], 2006.

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Zogheib, Jean-Marc. "Essays in industrial organization : competition and regulation in network industries." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019IPPAT002.

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Dans le premier chapitre de la thèse, je m'intéresse à l'impact de la politique du contrôle des concentrations sur le choix de fusion d'une firme qui peut soit effectuer une fusion nationale, soit effectuer une fusion internationale. Un enseignement du premier chapitre est que la politique du contrôle des concentrations doit prendre en compte les fusions futures qui peuvent être engendrées par une fusion initiale. Par exemple, le scénario d'une sortie du marché étranger par fusion suite à une fusion internationale non profitable. Une politique du contrôle des concentrations trop sévère pourrait en fait agir comme une barrière à la sortie et donc décourager les fusions internationales. Dans le deuxième chapitre la thèse, j'examine l'impact de la compétition entre une firme privée et des firmes publiques sur les prix et l'investissement dans de nouvelles infrastructures.Du fait de fonctions objectifs différentes, la firme privée en monopole choisira le prix de monopole alors que la firme publique nationale choisit un prix permettant des subventions croisées entre zones à bas coûts et zones à coûts élevés. Le prix d’une firme publique locale dépend de la zone où elle est située. En monopole, la firme publique nationale a le niveau de couverture le plus élevé, alors que le niveau de couverture de la firme privée et des firmes publiques locales est identique. En duopole, les prix sont compléments stratégiques pour la firme privée et substituts stratégiques pour les firmes publiques. La compétition amène la firme privée à baisser ses prix, contrairement aux firmes publiques qui peuvent être amenées à les augmenter. Dans le troisième chapitre de la thèse, j'étudie l'impact de la compétition entre deux firmes en prix et en divulgation de données personnelles. Dans un marché biface, il y a les consommateurs d'un côté, et un courtier en données de l'autre. Je démontre que les firmes adoptent deux types de stratégies commerciales qui sont la résultante d'un arbitrage entre l'exploitation des données personnelles, le niveau données personnelles apportées par le consommateur, et la disposition à payer des consommateurs. Si les consommateurs ont une disposition à payer faible, les firmes emploient une stratégie impliquant des prix bas (voire négatifs) et un niveau de divulgation de données élevé. Si les consommateurs ont une disposition à payer élevée, les firmes emploient une stratégie impliquant des prix élevés et un niveau de divulgation de données nul. En single-homing, une fusion augmente le pouvoir de marché et n'a pas d'impact sur le niveau de divulgation de données. Avec le multi-homing, une fusion a pour impact de diminuer les prix et d'augmenter le niveau de divulgation de données si les firmes ne peuvent pas monétiser les données des multi-homers
In the first chapter of the thesis, I study how merger policy affects the choice between in-market and cross-border merging. An insight of the first chapter is that the merger policy should consider subsequent mergers triggered by an initial decision to merge, which here corresponds to the scenario of an exit-by-merger after a failed cross-border merger. In the second chapter of the thesis, I examine the impact of competition between a private firm and public firms on prices and investment in new infrastructures. An insight from this analysis is that due to distinct objective functions, the private firm charges the monopoly price when it is a monopoly, while the national public firm charges a price such that it cross-subsidizes between low-cost and high-cost areas. Local public firms charge prices contingent on the investment cost in their own area. In monopoly, the national public has the largest coverage, whereas the local public firms cover the same areas as the private firm. In mixed duopoly, prices are strategic complements for the private firm and are strategic substitutes for public firms. Competition leads the private firm to set lower prices, while public firms may charge higher prices. In the third chapter of the thesis, I investigate the impact of competition between two firms in prices and information disclosure levels. In a two-sided market, there are consumers on one side, and a monopoly data broker on the other side. An insight from this analysis is that firms adopt two types of business strategies due to a trade-off between the exploitation of consumer information, the level of information provision, and consumer valuations. If consumer valuations are sufficiently low, firms engage in disclosure of consumer information (low-privacy regime) and charge low (even negative) prices. In contrast, if consumer valuations are sufficiently high, firms do not engage in disclosure of consumer information (highprivacy regime) and always charge positive prices. If consumers single-purchase, a merger to monopoly increases market power but is privacy-neutral. With multi-purchasing, a merger to monopoly decreases prices and privacy levels if firms are unable to monetize multi-purchaser information

17

Ebel, Nikos. "The regulation and liberalization of network-based industries a microeconomic analysis of network providers' investment incentives." Hamburg Kovač, 2008. http://d-nb.info/992492653/04.

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18

Clarke, Julie Nicole. "The international regulation of transnational mergers." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2010. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/33228/1/Julie_Clarke_Thesis.pdf.

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Transnational mergers are mergers involving firms operating in more than one jurisdiction, or which occur in one jurisdiction but have an impact on competition in another. Being of this nature, they have the potential to raise competition law concerns in more than one jurisdiction. When they do, the transaction costs of the merger to the firms involved, and the competition law authorities, are likely to increase significantly and, even where the merger is allowed to proceed, delays are likely to occur in reaping the benefits of the merger. Ultimately, these costs are borne by consumers. This thesis will identify the nature and source of regulatory costs associated with transnational merger review and identify and evaluate possible mechanisms by which these costs might be reduced. It will conclude that there is no single panacea for transnational merger regulation, but that a multi-faceted approach, including the adoption of common filing forms, agreement on filing and review deadlines and continuing efforts toward increasing international cooperation in merger enforcement, is needed to reduce regulatory costs and more successfully improve the welfare outcomes to which merger regulation is directed.

19

Guadamuz, Andres. "Networks, complexity and internet regulation scale-free law." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/7795.

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This book, then, starts with a general statement: that regulators should try, wherever possible, to use the physical methodological tools presently available in order to draft better legislation. While such an assertion may be applied to the law in general, this work will concentrate on the much narrower area of Internet regulation and the science of complex networks The Internet is the subject of this book not only because it is my main area of research, but also because –without over-emphasising the importance of the Internet to everyday life– one cannot deny that the growth and popularisation of the global communications network has had a tremendous impact on the way in which we interact with one another. The Internet is, however, just one of many interactive networks. One way of looking at the complex and chaotic nature of society is to see it as a collection of different nodes of interaction. Humans are constantly surrounded by networks: the social network, the financial network, the transport network, the telecommunications network and even the network of our own bodies. Understanding how these systems operate and interact with one another has been the realm of physicists, economists, biologists and mathematicians. Until recently, the study of networks has been mainly theoretical and academic, because it is difficult to gather data about large and complex systems that is sufficiently reliable to support proper empirical application. In recent years, though, the Internet has given researchers the opportunity to study and test the mathematical descriptions of these vast complex systems. The growth rate and structure of cyberspace has allowed researchers to map and test several previously unproven theories about how links and hubs within networks interact with one another. The Web now provides the means with which to test the organisational structures, architecture and growth of networks, and even permits some limited prediction about their behaviour, strengths and vulnerabilities. The main objective of this book is first and foremost to serve as an introduction to the wider legal audience to some of the theories of complexity and networks. The second objective is more ambitious. By looking at the application of complexity theory and network science in various areas of Internet regulation, it is hoped that there will be enough evidence to postulate a theory of Internet regulation based on network science. To achieve these two goals, Chapter 2 will look in detail at the science of complex networks to set the stage for the legal and regulatory arguments to follow. With the increase in reliability of the descriptive (and sometimes predictive) nature of network science, a logical next step for legal scholars is to look at the legal implications of the characteristics of networks. Chapter 3 highlights the efforts of academics and practitioners who have started to find potential uses for network science tools. Chapter 4 takes this idea further, and explores how network theory can shape Internet regulation. The following chapters will analyse the potential for application of the tools described in the previous chapters, applying complexity theory to specific areas of study related to Internet Law. Chapter 5 deals with the subject of copyright in the digital world. Chapter 6 explores the issue of peer-production and user-generated content using network science as an analytical framework. Chapter 7 finishes the evidence section of the work by studying the impact of network architecture in the field of cybercrime, and asks whether the existing architecture hinders or assists efforts to tackle those problems. It is clear that these are very disparate areas of study. It is not the intention of this book to be overreaching in its scope, although I am mindful that it covers a lot of ground and attempts to study and describe some disciplines that fall outside of my intellectual comfort zone. While the focus of the work is the Internet, its applications may extend beyond mere electronic bits. Without trying to be over-ambitious, it is my strong belief that legal scholarship has been neglectful in that it has been slow to respond to the wealth of research into complexity. That is not to say that there has been no legal research on the topic, but it would seem that lawyers, legislators and policy-makers are reluctant to consider technical solutions to legal problems. It is hoped then that this work will serve as a stepping stone that will lead to new interest in some of the theories that I describe.

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Yao, Yuan. "Fuzzy Flow Regulation for Network-on-Chip based Chip Multiprocessors Systems." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-177441.

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As large uniprocessors are no longer scaling in performance, chip multiprocessors (CMP) become the mainstream to build high-performance computers. CMP chips integrate various components such as processing cores, L1 caches and L2 caches (some also contain L3 caches, for example, in the IBM Power7 multicore processor) together, and multiple CMP chips with external memory banks make up a CMP system. As buses (although long the mainstay of system interconnect) are unable to keep up with increasing performance requirements, network-on-chip (NoC) offers an attractive solution to this communication crisis and is becoming the pervasive interconnection network in CMPs. In NoC based CMP systems, regulating traffic flows has been shown to be an effective means to improve communication performance and reduce buffer requirements. However, existing flow regulation policies such as the ones describe in [8] and [9] are all static. The parameters (δ,ρ) of the regulators are hard-coded during system configuration, where δ bounds the traffic burst and ρ the traffic rate. Although static flow regulator can be used as a design instrument for System-on-Chip (SoC) architects to control quality-of-service and achieve cost-effective communication, the drawbacks from its static property cancel the gains in some situations. In this thesis, we design a fuzzy flow regulation mechanism for network-onchip based CMPs. Being different from static flow regulation policy, our system makes regulation decisions dynamically according to the state of interconnection network. We use fuzzy logic to mimic the behaviors of an expert that validly controls the admission of input flows, with the aim of making better use of on-chip resources and decreasing communication delays. We implement and test our design under Multi-facet’s General Executiondriven Multiprocessor Simulator (GEMS), which creates a platform that is similar to real CMP environment. Hardware imitating models such as L1 caches, L2 caches and memory banks help us to test our design thoroughly and comprehensively. The experiments are done with both closed-loop and open-loop methods. Comparisons have been made between our design and static regulation policy. The results show that our fuzzy flow regulation system can make good regulation policy with all the testing cases.

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Easaw, Joshy Zachariah. "Network access regulation and competition policy : the UK contract gas market." Thesis, University of Leicester, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/30156.

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Increasingly policy-makers and regulatory theorists have focused on network access regulation. This thesis examines the role of network access regulation as part of a regulator's overall competition policy or strategy to introduce competition into privatised industries. It examines in detail recent theoretical models of network access regulation. The analysis is undertaken in the context of the UK contract gas market. British Gas (BG) was privatised in 1986, and the gas industry structure remained vertically integrated. The incumbent, or in the present case, BG, retains control of the gas network transmission while competing in the final goods, or retail, market. The present research provides a theoretical framework examining the impact of regulatory and competition policies with respect to both the final goods market and network access, on the competitive process in the contract gas market. This is done using a unique dataset on the UK contract gas market made available by a leading gas analyst and broker; John Hall Associates. The theoretical analysis distinguishes between the potential strategic advantage of both BG and the main competing shippers. BG, as the incumbent in the vertically integrated industry, has pre-entry advantages, while the main competing shippers who are wholly or partially owned by North Sea gas producers and operate as downstream firms in the retail market potentially have post-entry advantage. The entrants pricing behaviour followed a distinct and separate path to that of BG's. An empirical analysis of the entrants' pricing behaviour is conducted. This is done within the context of supergames or repeated games explanation of dynamic oligopoly behaviour. The relationship between access charges and market structure, or the level of market concentration is also empirically established, which shows the impact of access charges on the competitive process, market structure and final goods prices. The estimates are used to give an empirical application of the "Direct-plus-Opportunity Cost Regime" (DORC) model of access pricing. Consequently, the various policy options and choices open to a policy-maker are considered.

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McColgan, Peter. "Structural brain network degeneration and functional up-regulation in Huntington's disease." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2018. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10041942/.

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Huntington’s disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by a CAG repeat expansion in the Huntingtin gene on chromosome 4. In recent years there have been significant advances in understanding both the cellular pathology and the macrostructural changes that occur in the striatum and cortical structures as the disease proceeds. However, it remains unclear how abnormalities at the cellular level lead to characteristic patterns of macrostructural change in the brains of HD patients. In this thesis I aim to link structural and functional brain network abnormalities with regional changes at the cellular level. Using diffusion tractography and resting state functional MRI in well characterised HD cohorts I examine the relationship between structural and functional brain network organisation. I link these changes in structure and function to the neuropsychiatric symptoms prevalent in HD, occurring years before the manifestation of motor symptoms. By characterising changes in white matter brain networks I reveal how the brain network breaks down as HD progresses and show how this network deterioration leads to the emergence of clinical deficits. Using characteristics of the healthy white matter brain network I demonstrate how it is possible to predict the atrophy of specific brain connections in HD over time. In doing so I highlight a hierarchy of white matter connection vulnerability showing cortico-striatal connections are the first to be affected. In order to link these macrostructural white matter changes to cellular level abnormalities I utilise data from the Allen Institute transcription atlas and show how differences in regional gene expression in the healthy brain can account for the selective vulnerability of specific white matter connections in HD. The work presented in this thesis demonstrates how linking systems and cellular pathobiology in HD can inform us about disease mechanisms that drive brain atrophy and ultimately lead to clinical deficits.

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Carvalho, Metanias Hallack Michelle. "Economic regulation of offer and demand of flexibility in gas network." Thesis, Paris 11, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA111009.

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La thèse discute des conséquences des changements majeurs du modèle de la demande de gaz décrits précédemment. L´exigence de flexibilité à court terme a été l´une des principales caractéristiques de la demande de gaz pour la production d´électricité. Ainsi, la capacité de l´industrie du gaz à fournir des services flexibles à court terme a été valorisée par le biais du marché de l´électricité. Cela signifie une augmentation de la valeur économique des services permettant d´adopter une position attentiste vis-à-vis de la consommation avant toute prise de décision. Différents secteurs de l´industrie du gaz ont été affectés par les variations de la demande, c´est le cas de la production des champs de gaz, du stockage et des mécanismes d´importation du gaz qui ont été incités à la flexibilité. L´introduction des outils de flexibilité, qu’impliquent les variations de la demande, dépend directement des services de réseau. Par conséquent la concrétisation de la valeur économique de la flexibilité de l´industrie gazière dépend des services de réseau.Le réseau de transports de gaz est un élément-clé de l´industrie gazière portant sur deux types de flexibilités physiques: la mobilité et l´aptitude au stockage. Les propriétés physiques du gaz naturel permettent la flexibilité par la gestion des différentiels de pression. Les différentiels de pression contrôlent les mouvements de gaz. Le réseau est de loin le principal mécanisme de transport de gaz et donc un élément majeur de la filière du gaz permettant le commerce de cette matière première. Cependant, le réseau peut aussi être l´une des parties les plus couteuses de l´industrie gazière et, une fois les investissements réalisés ils ne sont ni remboursables, ni récupérables par un autre moyen car ils n'ont pas d’autres utilisations, ce sont les coûts irrécupérables. Malgré cela, la spécificité de le utilisation des actifs des réseaux évolue au cours du développement du réseau.L´intervention des réseaux de transport dans la prestation de services de flexibilité du gaz est une condition obligatoire de la flexibilité du système gazier. Premièrement parce que les services de réseau sont complémentaires de tout autre instrument de flexibilité tels que le stockage souterrain, les infrastructures GNL et le commerce de gaz. Deuxièmement, parce que les services du réseau de transport gazier, tel le que stock en conduite, peuvent également être compétitifs vis à vis d´autres instruments de flexibilité dégroupé.Par conséquent, la régulation du réseau doit prendre en compte l´impact à court et à long terme des règles d´incitation. Compte tenu du fait que le développement du réseau dépend des exigences de flux prévisibles, des variations importantes de la demande de gaz et les changements de flux qui en découlent auront un impact sur l´activité d´exploitation des réseaux gaziers. D´un côté le développement du réseau dépend de la prévision des besoins de flux, et de l´autre, la flexibilité des infrastructures du réseau conditionne nécessairement celle de l´utilisation. Par conséquent, les variations de la demande, responsable de l´accroissement des exigences de flexibilité ainsi que des variations des flux de gaz qui en découlent doivent avoir un impact sur l´exploitation du réseau de gaz et sur l´incitation aux investissements d’infrastructure
This thesis discusses the consequences of the major changes in gas demand patterns. The requirement of short term flexibility has been one of the main features of electricity generation gas demand. As consequence, the capacity of gas industry to provide short term flexibility services has been valorized through electricity market. It means an increasing economic value to services allowing waiting and seeing before consumption decision. Different parts of the gas industry was impacted by the changes on demand, for instance gas fields productions, storage and gas importation mechanisms were incited to offer flexible provisions. The introduction of tools to provide flexibility required by demand depends on network services. It means the realization of the flexibility value of gas industry depends on gas network services. The gas transport network is the key part of gas industry, and it may provide two kinds of gas physical flexibility: mobility and storability. The physical properties of natural gas allow flexibility by means of pressure differential management. The change on pressures may compress natural gas and the pressures differences drive gas motions. The network has been, by far, the main mechanism to carry gas, thus an essential part of the gas industry chain to allow commodity trade. Network, however, may be one of the most expensive parts of gas industry, and, after the investment done, it becomes sunk costs. But the specificity of networks assets changes in the course of network development. The use of transport network in the provision of gas flexibility services is a necessary condition to provide flexibility in the gas system. First, because network services are complementary of any other flexibility tool, as underground storage, LNG infrastructures and gas trade. Second, because gas transport network services, as line-pack storage, may also be competitive to the others unbundled flexibility tools. Therefore, network regulation needs to take into account the short and the long term impact of the rules incentives. Given that network development depends on expected flow requirements, strong change on gas demand and the consequent changes on gas flows must impact gas network operation. On the one hand, network development depends on expected flow requirements, and on the other, provisions of flexibility depend necessarily on the flexible use of network infrastructures. Hence, changes on gas demand increasing flexibility requirements and the consequent changes on gas flow must impact gas network operation and must impact the incentive on infrastructures investment

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Huang, Yalin. "Economic Regulation Impact on Electricity Distribution Network Investment Considering Distributed Generation." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Elkraftteknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-201706.

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One of EU’s actions against climate change is to meet 20% of energy consumption from renewable resources by the year 2020 when the project was started. Now this target has increased to at least 27% by the year 2030. In addition, given that the renewable resources are becoming more economical to generate electricity from and that these resources are distributed geographically, more and more distributed generation (DG) is connected to power distribution. The increasing share of DG in the electricity networks implies re-distribution of costs and benefits among distribution system operators (DSOs), customers and DG owners. How the costs and benefits will be allocated among them depends on the established economic regulation. The established economic regulation regulates the DSOs’ revenue and performances. The time when the DSOs are remunerated based on their actual costs has passed. Nowadays the economic regulation is in place to steer efficient investments. Network investments are no longer just to satisfy the load growth, or to higher the investments does not bring higher revenue. Network investments are incentivised by the regulation to be more efficient. Furthermore, the potential of DG to defer network investment is widely recognized. Ignoring this potential of DG may decrease DSOs’ efficiency. Last but not the least; network unbundling is a common practice in Europe. Ignoring the fact that DSOs and DG owners are different decision makers in studies can lead to inaccurate analysis. Driven by the target of a higher DG integration and more efficient investments in the unbundled distribution networks, proper economic regulations are needed to facilitate this change. The objective of this thesis is to evaluate the impact from regulations on distribution network investment considering DG integration. In other words, this thesis aims to develop methods assist regulators to design desirable regulations to encourage the DSOs to make the “smart” decisions. In order to achieve that, we propose a modelling approach to quantify the economic regulation impacts and the benefit of innovative investments. Regulations are encoded into the network investment model. The developed models, in other words, assist DSOs to make the “right” investment in the “right” place at the “right” time under the given regulation.
Mer och mer distribuerad generering kommer i framtiden anslutas till lokal och regionnäten. Ett av EU:s klimatmål till år 2020 är att 20 % av EU:s elkonsumtion ska komma från förnyelsebar elproduktion som till stor del består av distribuerad generering. Många av investeringarna i förnyelsebar elproduktion i Sverige kommer troligtvis att ske i vindkraft, eftersom Energimyndigheten har föreslagit ett planeringsmål på 30 TWh vindkraft till år 2020. Nätägarna ska möjliggöra anslutning av distribuerad generering samtidigt som de måste uppfylla krav på elkvalitet och tillförlitlighet till en rimlig kostnad. Osäkerheten i var distribuerad generering ansluts kommer att påverka elnätsföretagens nätplanering. Den ökade andelen distribuerad generering i lokal och regionnäten kommer att medföra både ökade kostnader och ökade vinster för nätägare, kunder och elproducenter. Hur mycket distribuerad generering som ansluts och hur kostnader och vinster ska fördelas mellan aktörerna i elbranschen kommer till en stor del att avgöras av vilka regelverk som upprättas. Vilka blir de ekonomiska konsekvenserna av olika strategier för nätutbyggnad för distribuerad generering? Ska en nätägare få ekonomiska incitament för att ha varit kostnadeffektiv? Hur kompenseras producenter vid bortkoppling? Alla dessa frågeställningar beror på vilken avkastning regleringen tillåter samt hur andra delar av regleringen utformas. I detta projekt har matematiska metoder som kan ta hänsyn till osäkerheter kring hur mycket distribuerad generering som kommer att anslutas till näten har utvecklats för att utvärdera investeringsalternativ. Med hjälp av de utvecklade metoderna kan den optimala nätutbyggnaden givet en viss reglering identifieras. Man kan därmed få en bättre uppskattning av vilken utbyggnad man får beroende på hur nätregleringen är utformad. Dessutom kan man med dessa metoder utreda hur nätregleringen påverkar nätinvestering och föreslå mer effektiv nätreglering. Huvudsyftet med denna doktorsavhandling är att analysera vilka ekonomiska incitament olika regleringar ger nätägarna för att utveckla lokal- och regionnäten för anslutning av distribuerad generering och för att vara kostnadeffektiva. Metoder och modeller för nätplanering med en stor andel distribuerad generering med hänsyn till ekonomiska regleringar har utvecklats. De utvecklade metoderna kan kvantifiera effekten av olika typer av nätreglering, till exempel nätreglering av nätägares intäktsram, ekonomiska incitament, bortkoppling och anslutning av distribuerad generering. Modellerna har tillämpats i olika fallstudier: incitament för effektivt utnyttjande av ett elnät i Sverige, reglering av bortkoppling som baserad på regelverket i Sverige och Tyskland, och dynamic line rating har utvärderats som investeringsalternativ för anslutning av distribuerad generering.

QC 20170215

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Fan, Xiaochen. "TWIST1-centric Protein Interactome and Gene Regulation Network in Craniofacial Development." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/18580.

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During craniofacial development, the morphogenesis, regionalization and patterning of primordial tissues is orchestrated by activities of key transcriptional regulators. These factors constitute the central nodes of a gene regulatory network (GRN) and signaling pathways for head development. The basic helix-loop-helix domain (bHLH) transcription factor TWIST1 is one of these key regulators. It is frequently mutated in human Saethre-Chotzen Syndrome (SCS). Protein-protein interaction including dimerization with other bHLH proteins is hypothesised to endorse and regulate the diverse roles of TWIST1 in cranial mesenchymal cell behaviour. The broad aim of this project is to identify these protein cooperates with TWIST1 at the top of the head GRN hierarchy, and understand their mode of interaction, using systems biology approach. Using the BioID proteomic approach, we captured proteins that interact with TWIST1 in native cellular environment, and identified these interactors by mass-spectrometry. Bioinformatics analysis of mass-spec data generated biologically relevant TWIST1 partners in three cell lines, the mouse cranial neural crest stem cell line, mesenchymal progenitor cell and fibroblast. Cross comparison with public datasets revealed both known and novel interacting partners. The TWIST1 interactome comprises interaction hubs featuring transcription factors, chromatin modifiers and RNA-binding proteins. Notably, mutations in key hub nodes, such as CHD7, CHD8 and WHSC1 are also associated with congenital craniofacial malformations that share features with SCS. To understand the biological meaning of these novel interactions, published RNA-seq and ChIP-seq datasets of TWIST1 and selected BioID partners were analysed. These data indicated that TWIST1 and its partners cooperatively binds to regulatory regions of target genes, including genes in cell migration and neurogenesis. The concerted function of TWIST1 and its partners in regulating these common target genes were validated in CRISPR knockout embryoid bodies. Moreover, TWIST1 and some of its protein partners collectively regulate cell migration and osteogenic differentiation in progenitor cell lines.

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Song, Qi. "Developing machine learning tools to understand transcriptional regulation in plants." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/93512.

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Abiotic stresses constitute a major category of stresses that negatively impact plant growth and development. It is important to understand how plants cope with environmental stresses and reprogram gene responses which in turn confers stress tolerance. Recent advances of genomic technologies have led to the generation of much genomic data for the model plant, Arabidopsis. To understand gene responses activated by specific external stress signals, these large-scale data sets need to be analyzed to generate new insight of gene functions in stress responses. This poses new computational challenges of mining gene associations and reconstructing regulatory interactions from large-scale data sets. In this dissertation, several computational tools were developed to address the challenges. In Chapter 2, ConSReg was developed to infer condition-specific regulatory interactions and prioritize transcription factors (TFs) that are likely to play condition specific regulatory roles. Comprehensive investigation was performed to optimize the performance of ConSReg and a systematic recovery of nitrogen response TFs was performed to evaluate ConSReg. In Chapter 3, CoReg was developed to infer co-regulation between genes, using only regulatory networks as input. CoReg was compared to other computational methods and the results showed that CoReg outperformed other methods. CoReg was further applied to identified modules in regulatory network generated from DAP-seq (DNA affinity purification sequencing). Using a large expression dataset generated under many abiotic stress treatments, many regulatory modules with common regulatory edges were found to be highly co-expressed, suggesting that target modules are structurally stable modules under abiotic stress conditions. In Chapter 4, exploratory analysis was performed to classify cell types for Arabidopsis root single cell RNA-seq data. This is a first step towards construction of a cell-type-specific regulatory network for Arabidopsis root cells, which is important for improving current understanding of stress response.
Doctor of Philosophy
Abiotic stresses constitute a major category of stresses that negatively impact plant growth and development. It is important to understand how plants cope with environmental stresses and reprogram gene responses which in turn confers stress tolerance to plants. Genomics technology has been used in past decade to generate gene expression data under different abiotic stresses for the model plant, Arabidopsis. Recent new genomic technologies, such as DAP-seq, have generated large scale regulatory maps that provide information regarding which gene has the potential to regulate other genes in the genome. However, this technology does not provide context specific interactions. It is unknown which transcription factor can regulate which gene under a specific abiotic stress condition. To address this challenge, several computational tools were developed to identify regulatory interactions and co-regulating genes for stress response. In addition, using single cell RNA-seq data generated from the model plant organism Arabidopsis, preliminary analysis was performed to build model that classifies Arabidopsis root cell types. This analysis is the first step towards the ultimate goal of constructing cell-typespecific regulatory network for Arabidopsis, which is important for improving current understanding of stress response in plants.

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Webber, Aaron. "Transcriptional co-regulation of microRNAs and protein-coding genes." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2013. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/transcriptional-coregulation-of-micrornas-and-proteincoding-genes(f5b601b2-33f3-4608-9ae8-b7d5a0c6beaf).html.

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This thesis was presented by Aaron Webber on the 4th December 2013 for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy from the University of Manchester. The title of this thesis is ‘Transcriptional co-regulation of microRNAs and protein-coding genes’. The thesis relates to gene expression regulation within humans and closely related primate species. We have investigated the binding site distributions from publically available ChIP-seq data of 117 transcription regulatory factors (TRFs) within the human genome. These were mapped to cis-regulatory regions of two major classes of genes,  20,000 genes encoding proteins and  1500 genes encoding microRNAs. MicroRNAs are short 20 - 24 nt noncoding RNAs which bind complementary regions within target mRNAs to repress translation. The complete collection of ChIP-seq binding site data is related to genomic associations between protein-coding and microRNA genes, and to the expression patterns and functions of both gene types across human tissues. We show that microRNA genes are associated with highly regulated protein-coding gene regions, and show rigorously that transcriptional regulation is greater than expected, given properties of these protein-coding genes. We find enrichment in developmental proteins among protein-coding genes hosting microRNA sequences. Novel subclasses of microRNAs are identified that lie outside of protein-coding genes yet may still be expressed from a shared promoter region with their protein-coding neighbours. We show that such microRNAs are more likely to form regulatory feedback loops with the transcriptional regulators lying in the upstream protein-coding promoter region. We show that when a microRNA and a TRF regulate one another, the TRF is more likely to sometimes function as a repressor. As in many studies, the data show that microRNAs lying downstream of particular TRFs target significantly many genes in common with these TRFs. We then demonstrate that the prevalence of such TRF/microRNA regulatory partnerships relates directly to the variation in mRNA expression across human tissues, with the least variable mRNAs having the most significant enrichment in such partnerships. This result is connected to theory describing the buffering of gene expression variation by microRNAs. Taken together, our study has demonstrated significant novel linkages between the transcriptional TRF and post-transcriptional microRNA-mediated regulatory layers. We finally consider transcriptional regulators alone, by mapping these to genes clustered on the basis of their expression patterns through time, within the context of CD4+ T cells from African green monkeys and Rhesus macaques infected with Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV). African green monkeys maintain a functioning immune system despite never clearing the virus, while in rhesus macaques, the immune system becomes chronically stimulated leading to pathogenesis. Gene expression clusters were identified characterizing the natural and pathogenic host systems. We map transcriptional regulators to these expression clusters and demonstrate significant yet unexpected co-binding by two heterodimers (STAT1:STAT2 and BATF:IRF4) over key viral response genes. From 34 structural families of TRFs, we demonstrate that bZIPs, STATs and IRFs are the most frequently perturbed upon SIV infection. Our work therefore contributes to the characterization of both natural and pathogenic SIV infections, with longer term implications for HIV therapeutics.

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Kadelka, Claus Thomas. "Robustness Analysis of Gene Regulatory Networks." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/73302.

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Cells generally manage to maintain stable phenotypes in the face of widely varying environmental conditions. This fact is particularly surprising since the key step of gene expression is fundamentally a stochastic process. Many hypotheses have been suggested to explain this robustness. First, the special topology of gene regulatory networks (GRNs) seems to be an important factor as they possess feedforward loops and certain other topological features much more frequently than expected. Second, genes often regulate each other in a canalizing fashion: there exists a dominance order amidst the regulators of a gene, which in silico leads to very robust phenotypes. Lastly, an entirely novel gene regulatory mechanism, discovered and studied during the last two decades, which is believed to play an important role in cancer, is shedding some light on how canalization may in fact take place as part of a cell’s gene regulatory program. Short segments of single-stranded RNA, so-called microRNAs, which are embedded in several different types of feedforward loops, help smooth out noise and generate canalizing effects in gene regulation by overriding the effect of certain genes on others. Boolean networks and their multi-state extensions have been successfully used to model GRNs for many years. In this dissertation, GRNs are represented in the time- and statediscrete framework of Stochastic Discrete Dynamical Systems (SDDS), which captures the cell-inherent stochasticity. Each gene has finitely many different concentration levels and its concentration at the next time step is determined by a gene-specific update rule that depends on the current concentration of the gene’s regulators. The update rules in published gene regulatory networks are often nested canalizing functions. In Chapter 2, this class of functions is introduced, generalized and analyzed with respect to its potential to confer robustness. Chapter 3 describes a simulation study, which supports the hypothesis that microRNA-mediated feedforward loops have a stabilizing effect on GRNs. Chapter 4 focuses on the cellular DNA mismatch repair machinery. A first regulatory network for this machinery is introduced, partly validated and analyzed with regard to the role of microRNAs and certain genes in conferring robustness to this particular network. Due to steady exposure to mutations, GRNs have evolved over time into their current form. In Chapter 5, a new framework for modeling the evolution of GRNs is developed and then used to identify topological features that seem to stabilize GRNs on an evolutionary time-scale. Chapter 6 addresses a completely separate project in Bioinformatics. A novel functional enrichment method is developed and compared to various popular methods. Funding for this work was provided by NSF grant CMMI-0908201 and NSF grant 1062878.
Ph. D.

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Moch, Marcin Verfasser], Rudolf [Akademischer Betreuer] Leube, and Gabriele [Akademischer Betreuer] [Pradel. "Regulation of keratin filament network dynamics / Marcin Moch ; Rudolf Leube, Gabriele Pradel." Aachen : Universitätsbibliothek der RWTH Aachen, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1130326349/34.

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Moch, Marcin [Verfasser], Rudolf Akademischer Betreuer] Leube, and Gabriele [Akademischer Betreuer] [Pradel. "Regulation of keratin filament network dynamics / Marcin Moch ; Rudolf Leube, Gabriele Pradel." Aachen : Universitätsbibliothek der RWTH Aachen, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1130326349/34.

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Munjal, Akankshi. "Regulation of a bio-mechanical network driving shape changes during tissue morphogenesis." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM4038/document.

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Forces requises pour les changements de forme au cours de la morphogenèse des tissus sont générés par d’actine et de myosine. Durant ma thèse, je étudié le rôle de la réglementation MyoII par la voie Rho1-Rok durant l’élongation de l’ectoderme ventro-latéral par intercalation cellulaire. Les pulsations de MyoII médio-apicale se déplacent de manière anisotrope vers les jonctions parallèles avec l’axe dorso-ventral (ou jonctions verticales). Ceci provoque le rétrécissement graduel des jonctions qui sont stabilisées par une population de MyoII polarisée dans le plan du tissu et enrichie au niveau de ces jonctions. Les mécanismes cellulaires qui régulent la pulsatilité, la stabilité et la polarité de la myosine II restent à élucider. J’ai identifié deux propriétés cruciales de la dynamique de la myosine II régie par phospho- à savoir la cinétique d’échange gouvernée par les cycles de phosphorylation-déphosphorylation des chaines légères régulatrices de la MyoII (RLC) et l’advection due à la contraction des moteurs sur le réseau de F-actine. Contrôle spatial sur le chiffre d'affaires MyoII établit 2 régimes stables des taux élevés et faibles dissociation résultant dans MyoII polarité. Pulsatilité est un comportement auto-organisé qui émerge à taux de dissociation intermédiaires permettant d'advection MyoII et les régulateurs en amont. Dans la deuxième partie de ma thèse, je l'ai montré que la protéine GPCR- GRsmog et la brume, et la voie G-protéines en aval permettent l'activation progressive des MyoII, établissant pulsatilité et de la stabilité pour produire des déformations de forme polarisées cours de la morphogenèse
Forces required to power shape changes during tissue morphogenesis are generated by non-muscle MyosinII (MyoII) pulling filamentous actin. During my PhD, I investigated the role of MyoII regulation through the conserved Rho1-Rok pathway during Drosophila germband extension. The morphogenetic process is powered by cell intercalation involving shrinkage of junctions in the dorsal-ventral axis (‘vertical junctions’) followed by junction extension in the anterior-posterior axis. Advances in light microscopy revealed that the actomyosin networks exhibit pulsed contractions to power junction shrinkage, and alternate with steps of stabilization by MyoII enriched on vertical junctions (planar-polarity) to result in irreversible shape changes. Although described in many different contexts, the underlying mechanisms of this ratchet-like behavior remained unclear. Using genetic and biophysical tools, quantitative imaging and subtle perturbations, I identified 2 critical properties underlying MyoII dynamics- turnover governed by phospho-cycling of the MyoII Regulatory Light Chain, and advection due to contraction of the motors on actin networks. Spatial control over MyoII turnover establishes 2 stable regimes of high and low dissociation rates resulting in MyoII planar polarity. Pulsatility is a self-organized behavior that emerges at intermediate dissociation rates enabling advection of MyoII and upstream regulators. In the second part of my thesis, I showed that G protein coupled receptors- GRsmog and Mist, and the downstream G-protein pathway allow step-wise activation of MyoII, establishing pulsatility and stability, to drive polarized shape deformations during morphogenesis

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Öberg, Oskar. "Critical Branching Regulation of the E-I Net Spiking Neural Network Model." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för teknikvetenskap och matematik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-76770.

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Spiking neural networks (SNN) are dynamic models of biological neurons, that communicates with event-based signals called spikes. SNN that reproduce observed properties of biological senses like vision are developed to better understand how such systems function, and to learn how more efficient sensor systems can be engineered. A branching parameter describes the average probability for spikes to propagate between two different neuron populations. The adaptation of branching parameters towards critical values is known to be important for maximizing the sensitivity and dynamic range of SNN. In this thesis, a recently proposed SNN model for visual feature learning and pattern recognition known as the E-I Net model is studied and extended with a critical branching mechanism. The resulting modified E-I Net model is studied with numerical experiments and two different types of sensory queues. The experiments show that the modified E-I Net model demonstrates critical branching and power-law scaling behavior, as expected from SNN near criticality, but the power-laws are broken and the stimuli reconstruction error is higher compared to the error of the original E-I Net model. Thus, on the basis of these experiments, it is not clear how to properly extend the E-I Net model properly with a critical branching mechanism. The E-I Net model has a particular structure where the inhibitory neurons (I) are tuned to decorrelate the excitatory neurons (E) so that the visual features learned matches the angular and frequency distributions of feature detectors in visual cortex V1 and different stimuli are represented by sparse subsets of the neurons. The broken power-laws correspond to different scaling behavior at low and high spike rates, which may be related to the efficacy of inhibition in the model.

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Qin, Jing, and 覃静. "Application of bioinformatics on gene regulation studies and regulatory network construction with omics data." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/205684.

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Gene expression is a multi-step process that involves various regulators. From whole genome sequences to the complex gene regulatory system, high-throughput technologies have generated a large amount of omics data, but information in such a large scale is hard to interpret manually. Bioinformatics can help to process this huge biological information and infer biological insights using the merits of mathematics, statistics and computational techniques. In this study, we applied various bioinformatic techniques on gene regulation in several aspects. Multiple primary transcripts of a gene can be initiated at different promoters, termed alternative promoters (APs). Most human genes have multiple APs. However, whether the usage of APs is independent or not is still controversial. In this study, we analyze the roles of APs in gene regulations using various bioinformatics approaches. Chromosomal interactions between APs are found to be more frequent than interactions between different genes. By comparing the APs at two ends of the genes, we find that they are significant different in terms of sequence content, conservation and motif frequency. The position and distance of two APs are important for their combined effects, which prove their regulations are not independent and one AP could affect the transcription of the other. With the aim to understand the multi-level gene regulatory system in various biological processes, a mass of high-throughput omics data have been generated. However, each omics technology measuring the molecular abundance or behavior at a single level has a limited ability to depict the multi-level system. Integrating omics data can effectively comprehend the multi-level gene regulatory system and reduce the false positives. In this study, two web servers, ChIP-Array and ProteoMirExpress, have been built to construct transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulatory networks by integrating omics data. ChIP-Array is a web server for biologists to construct a TF-centered network for their own data. Network library is further constructed by ChIP-Array from publicly available data. Given a series mRNA expression profiles in a biological process, master regulators can be identified by matching the profiles with the networks in the library. To explore gene regulatory network controlled by multiple TFs, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO)-type regularization models are applied on multiple integrative data. Golden standard based evaluations demonstrate that the L0 and L1/2 regularization models are efficient and applicable to gene regulatory network inference in large genome with a small number of samples. ProteoMirExpress integrates transcriptomic and proteomic data to infer miRNA-centered networks. It successfully infers the perturbed miRNA and those that co-express with it. The resulting network reports miRNA targets with uncorrelated mRNA and protein levels, which are usually ignored by tools considering only the mRNA abundance, even though some of them may be important downstream regulators. In summary, in this study we analyze gene regulation at multiple levels and develop several tools for gene network construction and regulator analysis with multiple omics data. It benefits researchers to efficiently process high-throughput raw data and to draw biological hypotheses and interpretation.
published_or_final_version
Biochemistry
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy

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Levasseur, Kathryn. "Elucidating the virulence control network in Francisella tularensis." Thesis, Harvard University, 2014. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:11316.

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The Gram-negative bacterium Francisella tularensis is the causative agent of tularemia and a model intracellular pathogen. It is also considered a potential bioweapon, as F. tularensis is highly infectious and has the potential to cause fatal disease in humans. Many factors required for F. tularensis virulence have been identified, yet we know relatively little regarding how these factors are regulated at the level of transcription. In order to further understand the regulation of virulence factors in F. tularensis, we have systematically determined the genomic regions associated with all of the transcription factors implicated in virulence using chromatin immunoprecipitation coupled with high-throughput DNA sequencing (ChIP-Seq).

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Yurtseven, Caglar. "Theoretical and Empirical Essays on Strategic Behavior in Various Industries." Thesis, Boston College, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/2469.

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Thesis advisor: Utku Unver
This dissertation consists of three theoretical and empirical essays. In all essays strategic behavior is a key factor. The first essay tries to explain certain pricing behaviors in cellular communication markets using social interactions as a basis for modeling. The second essay estimates the demand in the Turkish dishwasher market. It utilizes the complaint call rate for a firm as a new explanatory variable in the estimation process. The last essay examines the effects of market share restrictions on the cost reduction efforts of firms in a market. The first essay develops a model of competition in cellular network markets. People's choices are investigated in their social environments with differing utilities for different calls, which creates the distinctive part of this article. People get higher utilities from talking to people who are closer to them in the social environment. In the constructed market, different tariff types, per unit pricing and two part tariffs are examined for the existence of non-monopoly equilibria. In the well-known papers of the literature, different prices for in-line and between-line calls are justified with different cost structures for in-line and between-line calls. This essay is different from the literature because it is able to explain price discrimination with customer necessities and without cost differences. For per unit charging, assuming each firm has different costs which are larger than zero, the smaller cost firm gets a higher share with lower prices in the equilibrium. For two part tariffs with costs higher than zero and different from each other, a two firm equilibrium is reached in which the higher cost firm charges higher prices and a lower fixed fee, whereas the lower cost firm charges lower prices and a higher fixed fee. The second chapter is the empirical essay of this dissertation. In demand estimations, unobserved characteristics like perceived quality or after-sale service quality of products have created omitted variable bias. In the essay, the complaint call rate for a product is offered as a proxy to solve the endogeneity problem that arises from unobserved heterogeneity. Using demand and supply estimations of the Turkish dishwasher market, the complaint call rate is shown to be a valid proxy to solve the problem. Use of this proxy is possible under less restrictive assumptions than the popular instrumental variable method, which is also offered for the solution of the same problem. In addition, the model constructed in the essay has strong testable implications and is demonstrated to be consistent with a stable market of a leader firm and followers. Demand and supply elasticities of dishwashers are estimated for Turkey, which can help durable goods firms to use their investment and marketing resources more efficiently in emerging countries. The third essay studies the effects of market share restrictions on research and development effects of firms in a market. Market share of firms are closely followed by regulatory authorities and restrictions are applied in many cases around the world. This essay investigates if these restrictions affect the cost reduction efforts of the firms in a market. The theoretical model constructed shows that under the no exit assumption, market share restrictions lower the level of competition and possible rewards from R&D efforts, therefore causing smaller levels of R&D efforts both for big and small firms in the market
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2011
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Economics

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Growitsch, Christian. "Essays on network regulation : theoretical and empirical evidence from the electricity supply industry /." Baden-Baden : Nomos, 2005. http://aleph.unisg.ch/hsgscan/hm00158515.pdf.

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Sanders, Jennifer Ann. "Regulation of the c-Myc/Max/Mad network during liver development and regeneration /." View online version; access limited to Brown University users, 2005. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3174671.

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Chen, Wei, and 陈玮. "A factor analysis approach to transcription regulatory network reconstruction using gene expression data." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B49617783.

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Reconstruction of Transcription Regulatory Network (TRN) and Transcription Factor Activity (TFA) from gene expression data is an important problem in systems biology. Currently, there exist various factor analysis methods for TRN reconstruction, but most approaches have specific assumptions not satisfied by real biological data. Network Component Analysis (NCA) can handle such limitations and is considered to be one of the most effective methods. The prerequisite for NCA is knowledge of the structure of TRN. Such structure can be obtained from ChIP-chip or ChIP-seq experiments, which however have quite limited applications. In order to cope with the difficulty, we resort to heuristic optimization algorithm such as Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), in order to explore the possible structures of TRN and choose the most plausible one. Regarding the structure estimation problem, we extend classical PSO and propose a novel Probabilistic binary PSO. Furthermore, an improved NCA called FastNCA is adopted to compute the objective function accurately and fast, which enables PSO to run efficiently. Since heuristic optimization cannot guarantee global convergence, we run PSO multiple times and integrate the results. Then GCV-LASSO (Generalized Cross Validation - Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator) is performed to estimate TRN. We apply our approach and other factor analysis methods on the synthetic data. The results indicate that the proposed PSOFastNCA-GCV-LASSO algorithm gives better estimation. In order to incorporate more prior information on TRN structure and gene expression dynamics in the linear factor analysis model for improved estimation of TRN and TFAs, a linear Bayesian framework is adopted. Under the unified Bayesian framework, Bayesian Linear Sparse Factor Analysis Model (BLSFM) and Bayesian Linear State Space Model (BLSSM) are developed for instantaneous and dynamic TRN, respectively. Various approaches to incorporate partial and ambiguous prior network structure information in the Bayesian framework are proposed to improve performance in practical applications. Furthermore, we propose a novel mechanism for estimating the hyper-parameters of the distribution priors in our BLSFM and BLSSM models, which can significantly improve the estimation compared to traditional ways of hyper-parameter setting. With this development, reasonably good estimation of TFAs and TRN can be obtained even without use of any structure prior of TRN. Extensive numerical experiments are performed to investigate our developed methods under various settings, with comparison to some existing alternative approaches. It is demonstrated that our hyper-parameter estimation method improves the estimation of TFA and TRN in most settings and has superior performance, and that structure priors in general leads to improved estimation performance. Regarding application to real biological data, we execute the PSO-FastNCAGCV-LASSO algorithm developed in the thesis using E. Coli microarray data and obtain sensible estimation of TFAs and TRN. We apply BLSFM without structure priors of TRN, BLSSM without structure priors as well as with partial structure priors to Yeast S. cerevisiae microarray data and obtain a reasonable estimation of TFAs and TRN.
published_or_final_version
Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy

39

Choi, Yiu Kuen. "Adaptive traffic regulation at the burst level for real time ATM applications." Thesis, University of Sunderland, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.339543.

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Salvador, Iborra Susana. "Holding the Stick at Both Ends: The Design of Network Administrative Organizations." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Ramon Llull, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/404968.

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L’objecte d’aquesta tesi doctoral és el disseny de les Network Administrative Organizations (NAOs), les unitats especialment establertes de forma intencionada pels membres de les xarxes publiques inter-organitzacionals per a governar i administrar les mateixes. Tot i l'interès mostrat per la recent investigació en gestió pública i pels estudiosos de les organitzacions en l'àmbit de la governança de les xarxes públiques creades amb objectius específics (goal-directed networks), pocs estudis teòrics s'han basat en la contribució seminal de Provan i Kenis (2008). Com a resultat, aquest camp continua sent una via prometedora per a la recerca. Unint la literatura sobre xarxes, col·laboracions inter-organitzatives, disseny organitzatiu i govern corporatiu, aquesta tesi revela dos factors íntimament relacionats amb el disseny de les Network Administrative Organizations: la interdependència estratègica i l’evitació de la incertesa en els resultats.
El objeto de esta tesis doctoral es el diseño de las Network Administrative Organizations (NAOS), las unidades especialmente establecidas de forma intencionada por los miembros de las redes públicas inter-organizacionales para gobernar y administrar las mismas. A pesar del interés mostrado por la reciente investigación en gestión pública y por los estudiosos de las organizaciones en el ámbito de la gobernanza de las redes públicas creadas con objetivos específicos (goal-directed networks), pocos estudios teóricos han basado en la contribución seminal de Provan y Kenis (2008). Como resultado, este campo sigue siendo una vía prometedora para la investigación. Uniendo la literatura sobre redes, colaboraciones inter-organizativas, diseño organizativo y gobierno corporativo, esta tesis revela dos factores íntimamente relacionados con el diseño de las Network Administrative Organizations: la interdependencia estratégica y la evitación de la incertidumbre en los resultados.
The focus of this Ph.D. dissertation is the design of Network Administrative Organizations (NAOs), the separate units purposefully set up by public inter-organizational goal-directed network partners for to govern and manage it. Despite the interest shown by both public management and organizational scholars in the field of Goal-Directed networks governance, few theoretical studies have built on Provan and Kenis’s (2008) seminal contribution. As a result, this field remains a promising avenue for research. By bringing together the literature on networks, inter-organizational collaborations, organizational design, and corporate governance, this Ph.D. dissertation sheds light on two factors intimately associated with the design of Network Administrative Organizations: strategic interdependence and outcome uncertainty avoidance.

41

Zhang, Minlu. "Discovery and Analysis of Patterns in Molecular Networks: Link Prediction, Network Analysis, and Applications to Novel Drug Target Discovery." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1330024618.

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42

Hultquist, Anne. "Regulation and function of the Mad/Max/Myc network during neuronal and hematopoietic differentiation." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2001. http://publications.uu.se/theses/91-554-5070-9/.

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43

Daley, Cara J. "Moving Away From Regulation and Legislation: Solving the Network Neutrality Debate During Obama’s Presidency." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2010. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/13.

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This paper examines the Net neutrality, or argument that the Internet should remain and open and equal platform, debate in the United States up to November 2010. After critically examining the past regulatory and legislative efforts, the feasibility of alternate solutions invested in protecting citizens' interests is examined.

44

Udakis, Matthew. "α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors : regulation of plasticity and network activity in the prelimbic cortex." Thesis, University of Bath, 2016. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.707589.

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Abnormalities in the connectivity and activity of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) is the cause of many of the symptoms of neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia and Alzheimer’s disease. The PFC relies on a complex regulation of network activity and synaptic plasticity for healthy PFC function. These fundamental processes can be modulated by the neuromodulator acetylcholine, acting at α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (α7 nAChRs), a system also compromised in neuropsychiatric disorders. Despite the evidence that α7 nAChRs are essential for healthy PFC function relatively little is known about how activity at this receptor can modulate the fundamental network activity and synaptic plasticity within the PFC. This thesis aims to address some of these issues by using brain slice electrophysiology to measure network activity and synaptic plasticity in response to α7 nAChR activity within the prelimbic cortex (PrL) of C57BL/6J mice. Extracellular field recordings revealed that the selective α7 nAChR antagonist MLA, can reduce and enhance the levels of stimulus- induce long-term potentiation (LTP) and depression (LTD) respectively. In contrast global activation of α7 nAChRs with the selective α7 nAChRs agonist PNU-282987 and positive allosteric modulator PNU-120596 also reduced the levels of LTP. To provide a mechanism for these observations, whole-cell patch clamp recordings were carried out. These experiments revealed that α7 nAChRs reside presynaptically on glutamate inputs and somatodendritically on non-fast-spiking inhibitory interneurons enabling them to enhance both excitation and inhibition in a dynamic way. Further work demonstrated that tonic endogenous ACh acting at α7 nAChRs preferentially enhances excitation rather than inhibition. To further investigate if presynaptic α7 nAChRs were expressed selectively on a subset of the many afferent fibres connecting to the PrL, optogenetic methodologies were used to selectively evoke glutamate release from discrete afferent inputs, these experiments revealed α7 nAChRs may potentially reside on thalamic inputs to the PrL.

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Bardin, Allison J. (Allison Johanna) 1975. "Regulation of the mitotic exit network components Tem1 and Cde 15 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/29291.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Biology, 2003.
Includes bibliographical references.
The division of a single eukaryotic cell resulting in two daughter progeny is controlled by cyclin dependent kinase activity (CDK). Mitotic cyclins associated with CDK promote the segregation of genetic material ensuring that each daughter receives a complete complement of the genome. In order for exit from mitosis into G1 to occur, mitotic CDK activity must be inactivated. In the budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a network of proteins called the mitotic exit network is essential for mitotic CDK inactivation and, therefore, exit from mitosis. The work presented herein describes the regulation of two components of the mitotic exit network, Teml and Cdc 15. A model for activation of the mitotic exit network is proposed. The spatial separation of the GTPase Teml from its activating GEF, Ltel, until anaphase is suggested to be one signal leading to correct timing of mitotic exit. Additionally, the roles of distinct regions of the protein kinase, CdclS5, are examined. Domains necessary and sufficient for localization of CdclS5 to the spindle pole body, association with other Cdc 15 molecules, and a putative inhibitory domain are investigated. This work investigates the regulatory mechanisms controlling two essential components of the mitotic exit network.
Allison J. Bardin.
Ph.D.

46

Lucchetti, Alexandre Henrique. "Interbank network and regulation policies : an analysis through agent-based simulations with adaptive learning." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2016. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/20960.

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Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Economia, Administração e Contabilidade, Departamento de Economia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Economia, 2016.
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Foi usado o modelo baseado em agentes de Barroso (2014) e Lima (2014) para estudar os impactos de uma ampla gama de políticas regulatórias sobre o setor bancário. Esse modelo se baseia em uma versão iterada do modelo de Diamond e Dybvig (1983) e lança mão do esquema de aprendizagem experience-weighted attraction de Camerer e Ho (1999) para modelar o aprendizado adaptativo dos agentes. Dessa forma, conseguimos capturar não somente os impactos diretos da regulação, mas também os que ocorrem através da alteração das estratégias adaptativas dos agentes. Os resultados mostram que uma câmara de compensação interbancária é um bom instrumento para fazer frente ao risco de contágio; as recomendações dos Acordos de Basiléia são efetivas na redução do risco de falência dos bancos; e a adoção de um seguro de depósito pode ser adequada para evitar corridas bancárias. Entretanto, nós também mostramos que essas políticas têm suas desvantagens, podendo tanto reduzir a atividade bancária quanto estimular o risco moral. _______________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT
We use the agent-based model of Barroso (2014) and Lima (2014) to study the impacts of a broad range of regulation policies over the banking system. The model builds on an iterated version of the Diamond and Dybvig (1983) framework and resorts to the experience-weighted attraction learning scheme of Camerer and Ho (1999) to model agents’ adaptive learning. Thereby, we can capture not only the direct impacts of regulation policies, but also the ones that take part through shifting agents’ adaptive strategies. Our results show that an interbank clearinghouse is a good instrument to face the risk of contagion; the regulatory guidelines of the Basel Accords are effective in reducing the risk of bank failure; and the adoption of a deposit insurance can be adequate to avoid bank runs. However, we also show that these policies have drawbacks, and can either reduce bank activity or stimulate moral hazard.

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MANCINI, ELENA. "Hematopoietic stem cells and their transcription factor network : regulation in normal and aberrant hematopoieis." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/64591.

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Henderson, David Allen. "Reconstruction of metabolic pathways by the exploration of gene expression data with factor analysis." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30089.

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Microarray gene expression data for thousands of genes in many organisms is quickly becoming available. The information this data can provide the experimental biologist is powerful. This data may provide information clarifying the regulatory linkages between genes within a single metabolic pathway, or alternative pathway routes under different environmental conditions, or provide information leading to the identification of genes for selection in animal and plant genetic improvement programs or targets for drug therapy. Many analysis methods to unlock this information have been both proposed and utilized, but not evaluated under known conditions (e.g. simulations). Within this dissertation, an analysis method is proposed and evaluated for identifying independent and linked metabolic pathways and compared to a popular analysis method. Also, this same analysis method is investigated for its ability to identify regulatory linkages within a single metabolic pathway. Lastly, a variant of this same method is used to analyze time series microarray data. In Chapter 2, Factor Analysis is shown to identify and group genes according to membership within independent metabolic pathways for steady state microarray gene expression data. There were cases, however, where the allocation of all genes to a pathway was not complete. A competing analysis method, Hierarchical Clustering, was shown to perform poorly when negatively correlated genes are assumed unrelated, but performance improved when the sign of the correlation coefficient was ignored. In Chapter 3, Factor Analysis is shown to identify regulatory relationships between genes within a single metabolic pathway. These relationships can be explained using metabolic control analysis, along with external knowledge of the pathway structure and activation and inhibition of transcription regulation. In this chapter, it is also shown why factor analysis can group genes by metabolic pathway using metabolic control analysis. In Chapter 4, a Bayesian exploratory factor analysis is developed and used to analyze microarray gene expression data. This Bayesian model differs from a previous implementation in that it is purely exploratory and can be used with vague or uninformative priors. Additionally, 95% highest posterior density regions can be calculated for each factor loading to aid in interpretation of factor loadings. A correlated Bayesian exploratory factor analysis model is also developed in this chapter for application to time series microarray gene expression data. While this method is appropriate for the analysis of correlated observation vectors, it fails to group genes by metabolic pathway for simulated time series data.
Ph. D.

49

Chasser, Allison Marie Webb. "Understanding The Role Of Transcription Factor Regulation Of Development." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1563464893758564.

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Aravena, Duarte Andrés Octavio. "Probabilistic and constraint based modelling to determine regulation events from heterogeneous biological data." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00988255.

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This thesis proposes a method to build realistic causal regulatory networks hat has lower false positive rate than traditional methods. The first contribution of this thesis is to integrate heterogeneous information from two types of network predictions to determine a causal explanation of the observed gene co-expression. The second contribution is to model this integration as a combinatorial optimization problem. We demonstrate that this problem belongs to the NP-hard complexity class. The third contribution is the proposition of a heuristic approach to have an approximate solution in a practical execution time. Our evaluation shows that the E.coli regulatory network resulting from the application of this method has a higher accuracy than the putative one built with traditional tools. The bacterium Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans is particularly challenging for the experimental determination of its regulatory network. Using the tools we developed, we propose a putative regulatory network and analyze it to rank the relevance of central regulators. In a second part of this thesis we explore how these regulatory relationships are manifested in a case linked to human health, developing a method to complete a linked to Alzheimer 's disease network. As an addendum we address the mathematical problem of microarray probe design. We conclude that, to fully predict the hybridization dynamics, we need a modified energy function for secondary structures of surface-attached DNA molecules and propose a scheme for determining such function.

Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Regulation network'

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