Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Régulation du mode de division'
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Mida, Baptiste. "Un nouveau rôle de CDKN1C dans le contrôle de la transition des modes de division au cours de la neurogenèse des vertébrés." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2023SORUS371.pdf.
Full textThe vertebrate central nervous system (CNS) is produced from a limited reservoir of neuroepithelial stem cells, which initially amplify through symmetric proliferative divisions (SYM) in which one progenitor produces two progenitors. Progressively, progenitors engage in an asymmetric neurogenic mode of division (ASYM), producing one progenitor and one neuron. Finally, symmetric terminal divisions (TERM) produce two neurons. The fine regulation of these division patterns is crucial for proper brain development, and alteration of these processes can lead to excessive proliferation or, conversely, generate early differentiation into neurons. In the developing CNS, SYM, ASYM and TERM modes of division appear in a sequential order within cell clones, indicating that transitions between modes of division are definitive, and correspond to compartmentalized cell states. Moreover, some pioneering works have shown that SYM and ASYM progenitors differ at the molecular level, notably at the transcriptomic level, suggesting that this transition from SYM to ASYM is under a specific genetic control. For example, the expression of the transcription factor Tis21 begins in neural progenitors during the transition from a proliferative to a neurogenic mode of division. My thesis project aimed at identifying new actors and regulators of the SYM to ASYM transition, at the border between proliferation and differentiation, and to functionally validate the role of these candidates in the regulation of this transition. Through the analysis of single-cell RNA-seq data from neural tubes of developing chick and mouse embryos, I identified in partnership with a team of bioinformaticians (Morgane Thomas-Chollier, Nathalie Lehmann, IBENS) several candidate genes in the regulation of the transition of the mode of division, according to 2 criteria: 1) a differential gene expression between Tis21-positive and negative progenitors and 2) a pseudo-temporal expression profile similar to the one of Tis21 during neurogenesis. Among these genes, I focused on the study of CDKN1C (p57Kip2) which until now had been described mainly as a negative regulator of the cell cycle. My work showed the progressive expression of CDKN1C mRNA in the ventral region of the developing chick embryonic neural tube, strongly suggesting the expression of CDKN1C in progenitors. I also showed that in vivo loss of function of CDKN1C (via shRNA) unfavors neurogenesis at the tissue level, and promotes neural progenitor proliferation. Exploration of this phenotype showed that progenitors with decreased CDKN1C expression have a shorter cell cycle duration on average, notably due to a reduction in the duration of the G1 phase, compared to wild-type progenitors. Through clonal analysis of the progenitors’ progeny, I then showed that decreased CDKN1C expression in progenitors favoured the SYM mode of division. Finally, in order to determine whether the effect of CDKN1C on the mode of division was dependent on its role in the cell cycle, I sought to counterbalance the decrease in G1 duration observed upon CDKN1C loss-of-function. To do so, I decreased the expression of Cyclin D1 in order to lengthen the duration of G1. The combined loss of function of CDKN1C and Cyclin D1 shows an almost complete rescue of the phenotype generated by the decrease in CDKN1C alone, at both the tissue and cellular levels, indicating that the role of CDKN1C in controlling the division mode seems to be directed mainly through its role as a negative regulator of the cell cycle. Overall, my project suggests a novel role for CDKN1C in the regulation of the SYM-ASYM transition, and contributes to elucidate the fundamental mechanisms that regulate this transition and thus the balance between proliferation and differentiation in neural progenitors during neurogenesis
Meneau, Ferdinand. "De nouveaux modes de régulation d’ARPP19 éclairent la reprise de la méiose de l’ovocyte : une étude croisée chez la méduse et l'amphibien." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2023SORUS363.pdf.
Full textMy thesis focused on the role of ARPP19, a protein at the center of meiosis resumption in oocytes. In all animals, oocyte meiosis is interrupted during prophase I. This long pause is used by the oocyte to accumulate nutritive and informative molecules that will serve during embryogenesis. The prophase arrest is due to an inactive form of MPF (M-phase Promoting Factor). This complex, made up of the Cdk1 kinase and Cyclin B, is the driving force behind eukaryotic cell division. In vertebrates, high levels of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) activity prevent MPF activation, keeping the oocyte blocked in prophase. A hormonal stimulus releases the prophase arrest and promotes meiosis resumption. In vertebrates, one of the first events induced by this stimulation is the inactivation of PKA, triggering a signaling pathway leading to MPF activation. My thesis focused on the mechanisms by which PKA controls MPF. In Xenopus, one of PKA key substrates is ARPP19, phosphorylated by PKA on serine 109 (S109). Following inactivation of PKA by the hormonal stimulation, ARPP19 is dephosphorylated by the PP2A-B55 phosphatase, indirectly enabling MPF activation. When MPF activates, ARPP19 undertakes another function. MPF activates the Greatwall kinase (Gwl), which phosphorylates ARPP19 on serine 67 (S67), converting it into an inhibitor of PP2A-B55. This inhibition is essential for division, as this phosphatase opposes MPF by dephosphorylating its substrates. The negative control exerted by PKA on MPF is not conserved in all metazoans. Many non-vertebrate species show an inverted mechanism: the release of the prophase block does not depend on PKA inactivation, but on its activation, as in the jellyfish Clytia hemisphaerica. ARPP19 is expressed in the oocytes of this species. The protein should therefore be phosphorylated by PKA in the Clytia oocyte. Why does it not block MPF activation? I have shown that Clytia ARPP19 (ClyARPP19) has a PKA phosphorylation site. However, ClyARPP19 is a poor substrate of PKA and is not phosphorylated by this kinase in the oocyte. Moreover, the mechanisms by which it inhibits MPF are not functional in Clytia. This double security level therefore protects Clytia oocyte from MPF inhibition by ARPP19. My results provide an evolutionary scenario for the negative control exerted by PKA on the resumption of meiosis in vertebrates. Unlike the control of ARPP19 by Gwl, conserved in all eukaryotes, the phosphorylation site of ARPP19 by PKA appears in metazoans, where it is conserved. But it is used as a regulator of meiosis resumption only in vertebrates, thanks to an increase of its phosphorylation potential by PKA. I then investigated the mechanisms by which the phosphorylated form of ARPP19 on S109 inhibits MPF. I discovered that in prophase, ARPP19 is weakly phosphorylated on S67 by a basal Gwl activity. Limiting this phosphorylation is critical to prevent spontaneous resumption of meiosis. I have shown that two types of regulation limit this phosphorylation by Gwl. The first is S109 phosphorylation by PKA, the second is an intramolecular regulation based on two domains in the C-terminal part of ARPP19. My work leads to a new vision of the prophase arrest, a metastable state in which ARPP19 is phosphorylated on both S109 (major) and S67 (minor). They provide insight into one negative role of PKA-phosphorylated ARPP19 on MPF activation: preventing phosphorylation by Gwl. Dephosphorylation of S109 in response to the hormone generates an ARPP19 protein accessible to Gwl, one of the key elements required for MPF activation
Bai, Neng. "Mode-Division Multiplexed Transmission in Few-mode Fibers." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2013. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/5761.
Full textPh.D.
Doctorate
Optics and Photonics
Optics and Photonics
Optics
Carpenter, Joel Anthony. "Holographic mode division multiplexing in optical fibres." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.610803.
Full textSabbah, Samia. "L'économie d'endettement marocaine : un nouveau mode de régulation." Grenoble 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992GRE21027.
Full textThe objective of the present study is to understand the debt crisis in developing countries in general and in morocco particulary through its origins (1975-1983 period), its evolution and its management (from 1983 to nowadays). The research done offerts an interpretation of the indebtness process based on the "regulation approach" of the productive systems. The growth of indebtness is analysed as the result of an interraction between external and internal causes. The external factors analysed are the globalisation process, the increasing integration of developing countries in the international division of labor ; the financial integration complementing the productive one, both responding to the global demand. The internal factors studied are those embodied in the development strategy of morocco. The framework adopted in this study highlights both the articulation between national and international factors and the monetary and real variables. The concept of "external constraint" is the best way to analyse these interactions an empirical analysis of the moroccan cas is implemented based on this concepts and the underlying theoritical frameword
Benyahya, Kaoutar. "Mode group division multiplexing for short reach optical communications." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REN1S117.
Full textThe ever-growing demand of data traffic will be fuelled by revolutionary technologies such as virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR) and Internet of things (IoT). Therefore, optical networks should support the requirements of these services in terms of high capacity, low latency and high reliability. In fact, large scale capacity is a critical need for fiber optic communication systems deployed in local area networks as well as in datacenters. For both applications, systems relying on intensity modulation and direct detection (IMDD) are highly demanded due to their low cost and compatibility with short range applications. In this thesis, we address the need of increasing the data rates for short reach optical communication systems based on mode group division multiplexing and direct detection schemes. Firstly, we focus on increasing the capacity of already deployed standard multimode fibers in local area networks and intra-datacenters communication where the distance is shorter than 5 km. Secondly, we extend our solution to longer reach applications such as inter-datacenter interconnects. In both cases, optical link architectures, including transmitters, receivers and the optical fibers are analysed. Moreover, modulation formats adapted to IMDD systems such as single carrier 4-PAM and multicarrier DMT are compared in the context of space division multiplexing transmission. In this work we demonstrated the achievable benefit of mode group multiplexing combined with IMDD schemes. First, 5 Tb/s has been achieved over 2.2 km of conventional multimode fiber (OM2). Secondly, transmission record at the corresponding time of its realization of 14.5 Tb/s over OM2 fiber is demonstrated. Finally, 200 Gb/s over 20 km of FMF has been achieved which extend the benefit of mode group multiplexing to longer reach applications compared to LAN and intra-datacenter where the maximum distance is limited to 5 km
Weng, Yi. "Spatial Division Multiplexed Transmission and Sensing in Few-Mode Fibers." Thesis, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10261316.
Full textSpace division multiplexing (SDM) has become a promising approach in the telecom industry to reduce the cost-per-bit of optical fiber transmission and to resolve the approaching bandwidth crunch. Meanwhile, intermodal nonlinear effects in few-mode fibers (FMF) potentially provide some novel applications along with sophisticated optical signal processing functionality. Recently, such spatial channels and modes have been applied in optical sensing applications with the returned echo analyzed for the collection of essential environmental information. The key advantages of implementing SDM techniques in optical measurement systems include the multi-parameter discriminative capability and accuracy improvement. In this dissertation, we conduct theoretical and experimental study on the SDM systems using FMFs for both optical transmission and sensing applications.
We first investigate a fast-convergence single-stage adaptive frequency-domain recursive-least-square algorithm for simultaneously compensating chromatic dispersion and differential mode group delay in a 224 Gbit/s six-mode polarization-division multiplexed 16 quadrature amplitude modulation FMF transmission system, which increases convergence speed by 53.7% over conventional frequency-domain least-mean square method, with 11% hardware complexity reduction over two-stage recursive-least square approach.
We then present an ultrafast all-optical simultaneous wavelength and mode conversion scheme based on intermodal four-wave mixing, with the capability of switching polarization and mode degeneracy orientation in FMFs. The relation among the conversion efficiency, pump power and phase matching conditions is investigated in theory analysis and simulation. The cross-polarization modulation and cross-mode modulation can be achieved, by in the best case up to 50% conversion efficiency.
Finally, a single-end FMF-based distributed sensing system that supports simultaneous temperature and strain monitoring is demonstrated via Brillouin optical time-domain reflectometry and heterodyne detection. Theoretical analysis and experimental assessment of multi-parameter discriminative measurement applied to the distributed sensors are presented, which endows with good sensitivity characteristics and can prevent catastrophic failure in many applications.
Riesen, Nicolas. "Spatial mode-division multiplexing and advanced distributed fibre sensing techniques." Phd thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/125032.
Full textKim, Eun Hie, and Michael Nsiah-Gyimah. "The impact of fuel price volatility on transportation mode choice." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/53542.
Full textIncludes bibliographical references (leaves 43-45).
In recent years, the price of oil has driven large fluctuations in the price of diesel fuel, which is an important cost component in freight logistics. This thesis explores the impact of fuel price volatility on supply chains by examining the sensitivity of decisions under various scenarios. Specifically, we analyze the transportation mode choice decision between truckload and intermodal (truck combined with rail) transportation using a model to calculate the total relevant cost, consisting of transportation cost and inventory holding cost. We use input from the North American operations for a global retail company regarding annual demand, product characteristics, load size, lead time, transportation rates, fuel surcharges, inventory policies and holding cost to perform sensitivity analysis of the mode choice decision to fuel price and the value density of the product. For several origin-destination pairs we identify the diesel price at which intermodal offers lower total cost than truckload as well as the magnitude of savings that can be achieved by switching modes. We then generalize the insights from this case by providing an equation to calculate the fuel price for this mode choice tradeoff.
by Eun Hie Kim [and] Michael Nsiah-Gyimah.
M.Eng.in Logistics
Dujardin, Yann. "Régulation adaptative multi-objectif et multi-mode aux carrefours à feux." Phd thesis, Université Paris Dauphine - Paris IX, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00904781.
Full textAndrieu, Nelly, and Lee Weiss. "Transport mode and network architecture : carbon footprint as a new decision metric." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/45250.
Full textIncludes bibliographical references (leaves 132-133).
This thesis examines the tradeoffs between carbon footprint, cost, time and risk across three case studies of United States' perishable or consumer packaged goods firms and their transportation partners. Building upon previous research, and utilizing an Institute of Management and Administration (IOMA) and MIT Center for Transportation and Logistics (CTL) survey of supply chain professionals, the goal of this thesis is to better understand the decision process and motivations of our case study companies with regard to carbon footprint and implications for transport mode and network architecture, and the tradeoffs involved in making these decisions. We examine: (1) An expedited refrigerated rail service providing coast-to-coast shipment of produce for a major retailer, in lieu of its prior trucking arrangement; (2) A dairy producer which with the help of its trucking partner switched from less-than-truckload (LTL) to full truckload (FTL) and currently explore the possibility to re-organize its distribution network; and (3) A bottled water firm which created an additional container shipping route to reduce the volume of water it ships via truck. Comparisons and contrasts are made between case study firms. Findings from these case studies are used to make forward-looking recommendations for companies interested in altering transport mode and/or network architecture as a means of reducing the carbon footprint of their operations.
by Nelly Andrieu and Lee Weiss.
M.Eng.in Logistics
Barré, Benjamin. "Régulation de l'activité transcriptionnelle de STAT3 dans les cellules tumorales." Angers, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ANGE0505.
Full textQiu, Tong. "Adaptive Mode Control in Few-Mode and Highly Multimode Fibers." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/82067.
Full textMaster of Science
Optical fibers, in terms of the number of modes they support, can be generally divided into single-mode fibers (SMFs), and few-mode fibers/multimode fibers (FMFs/MMFs). FMFs/MMFs can provide much higher data-carrying capacities than SMFs. For example, an FMF/MMF that supports M modes can ideally increase the data transmission rate by a factor of M, where each mode can serve as a distinct communication channel. However, in order to achieve good performance, one must accurately control signal propagation in FMFs/MMFs, which are often degraded due to the multiple-mode nature. This thesis demonstrates the ability, using adaptive optics (AO), to control signal propagation in FMFs and a highly MMF, respectively. Specifically, in the case of FMFs, a phase-only spatial light modulator (SLM) is employed to manipulate the light at the fiber input, driven by AO feedback signal provided by the similarity between the real-time fiber output image and the target mode profile. Through such an adaptive optical system, any desired linearly-polarized (LP) modes can be excited at the output of the four-mode and seventeen-mode fibers, respectively. For the highly MMF with uniform Bragg grating, we use a deformable mirror (DM) to perform the wavefront modulation at the fiber input, where AO feedback is provided by the fiber Bragg grating (FBG) reflectivity. At the FBG position, any desired principal mode groups can be successfully chosen. These experimental results suggest that adaptive control of optical wavefront in FMFs/MMFs is indeed feasible, and may find a large number of applications in optical communication, sensing, and imaging.
Lu, Peng. "Adaptive Control of Waveguide Modes in Two-Mode Fibers." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/65006.
Full textPh. D.
Lindström, Magnus. "Resource allocation for asymmetric traffic in time division duplexing mode cellular networks." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Signals, Sensors and Systems, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-1576.
Full textTime Division Duplexing (TDD) mode systems provide greatflexibility that can be used to implement asymmetrical links.Adverse interference conditions easily arise, however.Especially if dicerent asymmetries are required in neighbouringcells.
This thesis examines the feasibility of supportingasymmetric links in a locally centralised system in a Manhattanenvironment. Methods to avoid inter-mobile and inter-basestation interference are studied and possible performance gainsare assessed. Further, the implications of having differentasymmetries in neighbouring cells and the importance of thebase station placement are investigated.
The thesis shows that asymmetric traffic can be provided inTDD mode systems with a locally centralised resource allocationscheme. Capacity is increased noticeably when compared to asystem with a fixed global asymmetry. Careful handling ofinter-mobile station interference is of great importancethough, to keep outage reasonably low. Measuring link-gainsbetween mobile stations is considered infeasible. However, itis shown that outage can be reduced significantly by using somesimple allocation rules and link-gain estimates proposed andevaluated in the thesis. Results also show that it is possibleto have different asymmetry ratios in different parts of thesystem, though large asymmetry differences between neighbouringcells will adversely affect capacity. Where base stations areplaced is important for system capacity, but as long as thebase stations are not placed in the intersections, the exactlocations are not critical.
Bellec, Karen. "Rôle de Stratum dans la régulation de la voie de signalisation Notch au cours de divisions cellulaires asymétriques chez Drosophila melanogaster." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REN1B023/document.
Full textNotch is the receptor of an evolutionarily conserved intercellular communication pathway, involved in numerous developmental processes. In Drosophila melanogaster, the specification and the division of sensory organ precursors (SOPs) are governed by the differential activation of the Notch signalling pathway. This activation depends on the interaction between the Notch receptor and its ligands Delta/Serrate and LAG-2. This interaction induces the proteolytic cleavage of the Notch receptor, the release and the translocation of the intracellular domain in the nucleus of the signal-receiving cell. The Notch activation is tightly regulated in time and in space and is controlled by intracellular trafficking. However, the exact localisation of the interaction remains debated.Previously, Stratum, predicted to be a guanine exchange factor (GEF), was identified as a regulator of the Notch signalling pathway. Here we show that the loss of Stratum induces Notch phenotypes associated with a mislocalization of the Notch co- factor, Sanpodo, at the apical pole of cells and in the trans-golgi network, with Notch and Delta. Moreover we show that Rab8 is mislocalized in the absence of Stratum and the loss of Rab8 recapitules Notch phenotypes observed in the strat mutant. Together our results indicate that Stratum and Rab8 regulate the Notch signalling pathway by controlling both the sorting and the transport of Notch, Sanpodo and Delta at the exit of the Golgi apparatus
Arbizzani, Federica. "Régulation de la cytokinèse par les lipides membranaires et les septines chez la levure S. pombe." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02887503.
Full textCell division is an essential process required for the proliferation of unicellular organisms, for the development of multicellular organisms, as well as for cell renewal within tissues and organs. Defective control of cell division can either lead to cell death, or to cell hyper-proliferation and contribute to cancer progression. Cell division is therefore under the control of very tight regulatory mechanisms. In animals and fungi, its final step, cytokinesis, requires an acto-myosin-based contractile ring that constricts to promote sister cell cleavage. Modifications in the lipid composition of the plasma membrane take place during cell division, with functional impact on cytokinesis.Fission yeast is a simple single cell eukaryotic organism which has been extensively used to study cell division because of its stereotyped rode shape, easy genetics and short generation time. In particular, this model system has proved very powerful for the molecular dissection of contractile ring assembly. However remarkably little is known on how membrane lipids regulate contractile ring assembly. In the first part of my PhD, my objective was to study how lipids could regulate contractile ring positioning in fission yeast. I have combined fission yeast genetics with live-cell imaging of contractile ring assembly from precursor nodes to understand how ergosterol levels affect division plane positioning. I have found that increased ergosterol levels prevent F-actin assembly from cytokinetic precursor nodes by the formin Cdc12, avoiding their compaction into a medially placed contractile ring. Since the stability of F-actin cables was not altered altogether and the phenotype could be partially rescued by inhibition of the Arp2/3 complex which competes with formins, we propose that increasing ergosterol levels in the plasma membrane may inhibit the activity of the formin Cdc12.In addition to the contractile ring, cytokinesis involves an additional component of the cytoskeleton, the septins, which form filaments at the division site. Septins are a family of conserved GTP binding proteins whose deletion leads to cytokinetic defects. They also serve as scaffolds for protein-protein interactions and/or as diffusion barriers for protein compartmentalization in cytokinesis and beyond. In fission yeast, in contrast to budding yeast, septins are late at the division site and are only involved in late stages of cytokinesis, to promote sister cell separation. In the second part of my PhD, I decided to explore the dynamic behavior of septins and decipher how they are regulated. Using live cell imaging and precise cell cycle timers, I have identified a new step in the recruitment of septin to the cell cortex in the proximity of the contractile acto-myosin ring, in a broad meshwork that then compacts into a tight ring. I have also found evidence that the anillin-like protein Mid2 is necessary to promote this compaction and may act as a bundler for septin filaments. However, analysis of mutants blocked in mitosis shows that this protein is not sufficient to accomplish this task. Moreover, I have determined that high Cdk activity allows septins and Mid2 initial recruitment and assembly, but the SIN pathway also plays a role in promoting their recruitment at the cell middle and is then required to drive their compactio. Additionally, I have found that PIP2 levels influence not only the amount of septins and Mid2 filaments associated at the medial cortex together with their compaction but also the timing of septin recruitment to the division site. This demonstrates that septin assembly relies on complex regulations coordinated by the cell cycle machinery
Wang, Xuyang. "Mode division multiplexing optical communications using orbital angular momentum modes in optical fibres." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2017. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.723511.
Full textKang, Qiongyue. "Modelling of Multimode Erbium-Doped Fibre Amplifiers for mode-division multiplexed transmission systems." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2015. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/386212/.
Full textRamey, Guillemette. "L' hepcidine, l'hormone du fer : activité et mode de régulation en conditions physiopathologiques." Paris 5, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA05T012.
Full textThe laboratory which welcomed me in thesis identified the regulator of the iron homeostasis, hepcidin. The production of hepcidin is modulated according to the iron demands of the body : in the presence of iron, the synthesis of hepcidin is increased to avoid the excess of the metal which is toxic, and, on the contrary, hepcidin is decreased to allow an effective mobilization of the metal. I participated in the characterization of the phenotype of mouse KO HEPC1 which present a multivisceral iron overload with a particularly important hepatic and pancreatic accumulation of iron. In this murin model, I tried to establish the link between the iron metabolism and the glucose metabolism. I studied the mechanisms of physiopathological regulation of the hepcidin by the iron in a system of primary culture of hepatocytes. This system of culture of hepatocytes allowed me to study ferroportin, the iron excarrier and the mechanisms of mobilization of the iron of the hepatocyte
Azoury, Jessica. "Rôle des microfilaments d’actine dans le contrôle de l’asymétrie de la première division méiotique dans l’ovocyte de souris." Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066257.
Full textCostache, Vlad. "Régulation traductionnelle en réponse à la fécondation et en conditions perturbées dans l’embryon d’oursin." Rennes 1, 2011. https://ecm.univ-rennes1.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/90a59e79-f757-41e0-8873-f8286ef854ee.
Full textTranslation is a critical step in gene expression regulation. In sea urchin embryos, fertilization induces an increase in protein synthesis, which depends mainly on the translation of maternal messenger RNAs. This protein synthesis is essential for the first cell cycles. In this thesis, translational regulation in sea urchin embryos was studied in two situations: the physiological context of fertilization and the context of apoptosis induction. Initiation is one of the limiting steps of translation. In this context, the initiation factor eIF2 plays a key role. EIF2 is responsible for bringing the initiator methionine to the ribosome. When the α subunit of eIF2 is phosphorylated, global protein synthesis is inhibited and the selective translation of certain mRNAs is stimulated. In the sea urchin unfertilized eggs, eIF2α is physiologically phosphorylated and fertilization induces its dephosphorylation. By microinjecting a variant mimicking the phosphorylated state of eIF2α into the unfertilized eggs, we showed that dephosphorylation of eIF2α is required for the first mitotic division in the sea urchin. We were interested in the relationship between the phosphorylation of eIF2α and induction of apoptosis in the sea urchin. Indeed, the translation of mRNAs encoding proteins pro- or anti-apoptotic directly influences cell survival. Exposing embryos to MMS, a DNA-damaging agent, causes phosphorylation of eIF2α and apoptosis activation. We found GCN2 kinase involved in the phosphorylation of eIF2α in this situation. Finally, we analyzed the translatome in response to fertilization and after exposure to MMS. We conducted deep sequencing of transcripts that are present in polysomes. Analysis of these transcripts, following annotation, will allow a better understanding of the genes regulatory network at the translational level during fertilization and the induction of apoptosis in sea urchin embryos
Vinceneux, Hélène. "Une analyse historicisée de l'évolution du rapport salarial : division du travail et configurations productives." Toulouse 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008TOU10024.
Full textWithin the general context about the mutation of industrial capitalism, the defended thesis is that a transition towards a revitalized productive paradigm that values cognitive configurations. This research is centered on the transformations of labor relation resulting from this change. Within this framework, the main research questions are : what is the evolution of the capital/labor relation ?. .
Baptist, Mireille. "Nouveaux aspects de la régulation du cycle de division des cellules épithéliales thyroïdiennes par l'AMP cyclique." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212574.
Full textCahuzac, Nathalie. "Régulation de l'activité de Fas ligand : rôle des rafts membranaires et clivage." Nice, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NICE4054.
Full textFas ligand (FasL) is known to induce a death or a survival/proliferation signaling in Fas expressing cells. However its reverse signaling, which may control a proliferation pathway, is still poorly described. While Fas is ubiquitously and constitutively expressed on cell surface, the expression and activity of FasL is, on the other hand, tightly regulated. Once targeted to plasma membrane, FasL can be cleaved, releasing FasL ectodomain in the extracellular environment. As soluble FasL is less cytotoxic than membrane FasL, the cleavage may be a way to negatively regulate FasL cytotoxicity. During my PhD, in collaboration with Dr M. Zörnig in Frankfurt (Germany), I identified other post-transcriptional modulators of FasL activity: We showed that a portion of FasL is constitutively associated with rafts, dynamic membrane nanodomains enriched in sphingolipides and cholesterol, and that FasL rafts association is critical for FasL to induce efficiently a death signal. We showed that FasL undergoes two consecutive cleavages. The ectodomain shedding by ADAM10 produces a soluble FasL and a N-ter membrane-bound fragment we named APL (for ADAM10-processed FasL). APL is then cleaved by SPPL2a, releasing the intracellular domain (SPA, SPPL2a-processed APL) into the cytoplasm. Preliminary results suggest that SPA translocates into the nucleus where it could modulate gene transcription. More experiments will be necessary to determine the role of Fas receptor in this cleavage, as well as its implication in FasL reverse signaling
Corsi, Alessandro. "Design and characterization of few-mode fibers for space division multiplexing on fiber eigenmodes." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/67890.
Full textThe constant and exponential growth of Internet data traffic demand is driving our optical telecommunication networks, mainly composed of single-mode fiber links, to an imminent capacity shortage. The nonlinear limit of the single-mode fiber, predicted by the information theory, leave no room for optical fiber communication capacity improvements. In this direction, the next disruptive technology in high-capacity communication transmissions is expected to be Space Division Multiplexing (SDM). The basic of SDM consists of using different spatial channels of a single optical fiber to transmit information data. SDM thus provides an increase in the data-carrying capacity by a factor that depends on the number of spatial paths that are established. A way to realize SDM is through the use of specialty few-mode fibers (FMFs), designed to have a weak coupling between the guided modes. A reduced MIMO processing can be used to undo the residual mode coupling. In this thesis, we firstly give an overview of the recent progress in mode division multiplexing (MDM). Linearly polarized (LP) modes, orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes and vector modes represent the possible orthogonal modes guided into the fiber. We compare works, making use of those modes, in terms of proposed fiber design, number of modes, MIMO complexity and data transmission experiments. After that, we introduce the optical fiber modelling performed with the numerical solvers of COMSOL Multiphysics, and we discuss some works making use of this fiber modelling. Next, we propose a novel FMF, composed of a highly elliptical core and a surrounding trench added to reduce the bending loss of the higher order modes. The fiber is designed and optimized to support five spatial modes with twofold polarization degeneracy, for a total of ten channels. The proposed fiber shows an effective index difference between the spatial modes higher than 1×10-3 over the C-band. Afterwards, we fabricate the fiber with standard modified chemical vapor deposition (MCVD) process, and we characterize the fiber in the laboratory. The experimental characterization revealed the polarization maintaining properties of the fiber. This is obtained with the combination of the asymmetric core structure and the thermal stress introduced during the fabrication. We measure the birefringence with a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) technique, and we included the thermal stress in our fiber modelling. A good agreement was found between the simulated and measured birefringence. We successfully demonstrate the first data transmission over the proposed fiber, by transmitting two QPSK signals over the two polarizations of each spatial mode, without the use of any MIMO processing. Lastly, we present an improvement of a previously proposed microwave interferometric technique (MICT), in order to experimentally measure the mode dependent loss (MDL) of FMF mode groups. Finally, we present the conclusions and the future perspectives of this research. To conclude, novel FMFs need to be investigated if we want to solve the imminent capacity shortage of our system technologies. We truly believe that the polarization-maintaining FMF proposed in this research represents a significant improvement to the field of MIMO-free MDM transmission systems for short communication links, distributing data over length less than 10 km. We hope that this work will drive the development of new SDM components making use of this fiber, such as new fiber amplifiers, or new mux/demux, as for example fused fiber mode couplers or silicon photonic devices.
Pérez, Galacho Diego. "High speed optical modulation, advanced modulation formats and mode division multiplexing in Silicon photonics." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS194/document.
Full textBandwidth demand in optical communication systems is continually growing. Data rate values in the order of several hundreds of TBps are expected in the near future. In order to cope with those expectations silicon based technologies are believed to be the best suited. Its naturally compatibility with CMOS easily enables the electronics and photonics co-integration. In the short-term the way increase data rates in next generation optical communication systems goes through using advanced modulation format and increase symbol rates. In the long-term view, new multiplexing techniques will be required. In this sense, mode division multiplexing is nowadays an attractive approach under consideration.In this Thesis work, the way to implement these new optical communication schemes is studied from the transmitter point of view. It includes, on a first part the modeling, design and characterization of silicon modulators. And in a second part, it includes the proposition, design and characterization of novel mode handling devices for mode division multiplexing.A new way of modeling silicon modulators has been developed. This new model permits to reduce the computation time of modulator analysis up to two orders of magnitude, while maintaining a good level of accuracy. Using the model, modulators based on lateral PN junctions and interdigitated PN junctions were designed to work in the O-Band of optical communications. Characterization work has been performed on these modulators with good results. Wide-open OOK (On Off Keying) eye diagrams with 10 dB extinction ratio were obtained at 10GBps. Furthermore, BPSK (Binary Phase Shift Keying) modulation was also demonstrated at 10GBps.New kind of mode converters and multiplexers, intended to work as mode division multiplexing subsystems have been proposed, designed, fabricated and characterized. Measured results show broad bandwidth operation with high extinction ratio
Le, Gourrierec José. "Fonction et mode d'action moléculaire du facteur de transcription GT-1 chez Arabidopsis thaliana." Amiens, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AMIE0107.
Full textHassani, Mohammad. "Régulation interne des établissements scolaires : Les chefs d'établissement et la régulation des activités des enseignants." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00138158.
Full textLabie, Christophe. "Etude du mode d'action de dicB, inhibiteur de division : produit du gène dicB d'Escherichia coli." Toulouse 3, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990TOU30042.
Full textChergui, Karima. "Étude électrophysiologique du mode de décharge des neurones dopaminergiques du mésencéphale : régulation par leurs afférences." Lyon 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LYO1T142.
Full textRivier, Sabine. "Parentalité et travail familial en France et en Allemagne : le parentalisme, nouveau mode de régulation ?" Paris 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA010574.
Full textChihaib-Bouzbouz, Fadoua. "Approche floue pour la régulation multimodale dans les réseaux de transports urbains en mode perturbé." Lille 1, 2002. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2002/50376-2002-251.pdf.
Full textNous avons introduit des heuristiques afin d'optimiser le calcul du graphe minimal, notre algorithme étant fondé sur une extension de PC 1 et PC2 à des contraintes floues. Les contraintes floues permettent de raffiner l'évaluation des différentes hypothèses de scénario en introduisant la notion de satisfaction partielle. Nous introduisons quelques mesures de satisfiabilité pour la première partie de l'évaluation qui consiste en une comparaison des contraintes observées avec les contraintes théoriques calculées par le graphe minimal. Pour la seconde partie de l'évaluation, il faut combiner les degrés de satisfaction obtenus. L'originalité de la recherche est l'introduction de contraintes floues pour modéliser des scénarios de régulation. Les contraintes floues permettent dans un premier temps de reproduire plus fidèlement la description que l'expert fait de l'état du trafic, description imprécise et exprimée en langage naturel. Dans un second temps, l'évaluation des hypothèses est beaucoup plus fine et plus proche du raisonnement humain. La plupart du temps en effet il est difficile de décider entre satisfaction totale ou non satisfaction
Vuylsteker, Christophe. "Régulation de la nitrate réductase dans la racine isolée de chicorée : effet des auxines et des cytokinines." Compiègne, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996COMP9225.
Full textSaadaoui, Mehdi. "Etude du mode d'action des protéines Hox chez la drosophile par une approche développementale et évolutive." Aix-Marseille 2, 2009. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2009AIX22022.pdf.
Full textHox proteins are transcription factors which play fundamental roles in shaping body plan during embryogenesis. Despite the work completed on this family of protein, their action mode remains enigmatic by several aspects. During my PhD work, I have investigated the molecular bases underlying the diversity and specificity of Hox proteins function. I initially took part in the characterization of a so far unique alternative recruitment mode of the main class of Hox cofactor of Hox proteins, PBC proteins, Extradenticle in Drosophila. This recruitment mode, characterized in the Ultrabithorax (Ubx) Hox protein, relies on a short peptide named UbdA, specific to only a small subset of Hox proteins. I also discovered that the linker region, separating the HD from the HX (the generic motif involved in PBC recruitment shared by all Hox proteins), co-opts the UbdA motif to Exd recruitment. This happens specifically during dipterous radiation. This work allows the conclusion that evolutionary regulated flexibility in Hox/PBC interaction promotes the diversification of Hox protein action. I also investigated the link between evolutionary conservation/divergence of Hox protein and molecular diversity in their mode of action, by comparing the activity of Drosophila and Pycnogonida Hox proteins, which display extreme variations within the arthropods. This study set the bases for further work aiming to elucidate how divergent Hox proteins perform similar functions, which has the potential to identify additional mechanisms underlying diversity and specificity of Hox protein action
Shipton, Matthew J. "Characterization of Optical Coupling and Back-reflection of Few Mode Fibers." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/56574.
Full textMaster of Science
Esperet, Corinne. "Régulation de l'expression des gènes de globine α humains : étude du mode d'action de la région activatrice HS-40." Lyon 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LYO10068.
Full textAl, Rashid Shahnaz Tahihra. "The mode of cell division and characterization of the ftsZ gene of Campylobacter jejuni ATCC 43431." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ34053.pdf.
Full textClévenot, Mickaël. "Financiarisation, régime d'accumulation et mode de régulation. Peut-on appliquer le "modèle " américain à l'économie française ?" Phd thesis, Université Paris-Nord - Paris XIII, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00120886.
Full textfrançaise. La période couverte par la thèse débute en 1979, qui marque l'augmentation des
contraintes financières. Elle s'arrête en 2002, lorsque la reprise aux États-Unis paraît enclenchée.
La première partie traite de la théorie de la régulation qui constitue la grille de lecture de
la thèse. La seconde partie retrace les évolutions qui participent à la financiarisation croissante
des économies. La dernière partie est consacrée à la modélisation postkeynésienne. On tente
d'établir les conditions à partir desquelles la domination de la finance sur l'ensemble des relations
économiques est susceptible de créer les conditions d'une croissance stable : la modification
de la hiérarchie institutionnelle doit s'accompagner de l'émergence de nouvelles cohérences
institutionnelles. Une fois reproduit ces conditions dans le cadre de maquette se déployant
dans un cadre fermé, il est possible de tirer toutes les implications d'une exportation
du mode de régulation américain dans l'Hexagone.
Jardin, Pascal. "L' information des automobilistes comme mode de régulation de l'usage de la route : le cas SIRIUS." Paris 12, 2003. https://athena.u-pec.fr/primo-explore/search?query=any,exact,990002133350204611&vid=upec.
Full textBenhassine, Manel. "Caractérisation du mode de régulation du récepteur 2B de la sérotonine (HTR2B) dans le mélanome uvéal." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/30257.
Full textLe mélanome uvéal (MU) est la principale forme de cancer intraoculaire possédant la capacité d’engendrer des métastases au foie et aux poumons des patients atteints, cette maladie est incurable et fatale dans les 8 mois suivant le dépistage des métastases. Grâce à des analyses en profilage génique sur biopuces à ADN, une signature moléculaire de 12 gènes dérégulés permettant de subdiviser les MU en deux classes: à faible (classe 1) ou haut (classe 2) risque d’évoluer vers le stade métastatique a pu être identifiée. Parmi les 4 gènes de la classe 2, la surexpression du gène codant le récepteur 2B de la sérotonine (HTR2B) est l’indice le plus fiable menant à l’identification des patients à risque d’évoluer vers la maladie métastatique. Cette étude a pour but de caractériser le promoteur de ce gène et les mécanismes moléculaires menant à sa surexpression aberrabte dans les lignées métastatiques de MU. Différents segments du promoteur du gène HTR2B ont été clonés dans le plasmide pCATbasic, puis introduits par transfection dans les lignées cellulaires MU. Des analyses d’interférence de méthylation au diméthylsulfate (DMS) et de retard sur gel de polyacrylamide (EMSA) ont été réalisées afin de démontrer la liaison de facteurs de transcription (FTs) au promoteur HTR2B. La transfection des délétants HTR2B/CAT a permis d’identifier des régions régulatrices positives et négatives en amont du promoteur HTR2B. Les analyses EMSA et d’interférence de méthylation au DMS nous ont permis de démontrer la liaison des FTs NFI et RUNX1 au promoteur du gène HTR2B. Ce projet permettra de mieux comprendre les mécanismes moléculaires responsables de la surexpression du gène HTR2B et de définir de nouvelles cibles thérapeutiques qui pourraient permettre le dépistage des patients à risque d’évoluer vers la maladie métastatique.
Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common type of primary intraocular tumor in the adult population. UM will propagate to the liver as the first metastatic site. Once this organ is invaded, survival becomes a matter of months for the patient as no treatment has proven to be effective. Among the candidates from the class II gene signature, the serotonin receptor-encoding gene (HTR2B) appears to be the most discriminating as its expression strongly increases in the tumors that will progress toward liver metastases. Our study aims at characterizing the molecular mechanisms that lead to this aberrant expression of HTR2B in metastatic UM cell lines. Expression of HTR2B was monitered by microarrays in a variety of UM cell lines. Various segments from the promoter and 5’-flanking sequence of the HTR2B gene were cloned upstream the CAT gene in the plasmid pCATbasic. The genomic areas of interest were 5’end-labeled and used as probes in electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs). DMS methylation interference footprinting was also used to precisely position the DNA target sites for transcription factors (TFs) that bind the HTR2B regulatory regions. Transfection analyses revealed that the upstream regulatory regions of HTR2B promoter is made up of a combination of alternative positive and negative regulatory elements. Repressive regions also bear a high number of target sites for the TF NFI. EMSA analyses provided evidence that multiple NFI isoforms can interact with the promoter of the HTR2B gene. In addition, the TF RUNX1 was shown by DMS methylation interference footprinting to bind a target site from the HTR2B distal silencer element. This project will help understand better the molecular mechanisms accounting for the abnormal expression of HTR2B in uveal melanoma. In the long term, this study will allow us to identify new potential targets that could help screening patients at high risk of evolving toward the liver metastatic disease.
Darnon, Céline. "Conflit sociocognitif et buts d'accomplissement : effets interactifs sur l'apprentissage et le mode de régulation du conflit." Grenoble 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004GRE29023.
Full textBraverman, Julia. "Testimonials versus informational persuasive messages : the moderating effect of delivery mode and personal involvement." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/43877.
Full text"June 2008."
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 40-47).
Health communications use factual information or/and personal testimonials to inform and influence individual decisions that enhance health. Increasingly, Web and other computer-based systems are being used to communicate with patients. This study aims to test the relative effectiveness of testimonials compared to simple informational health messages presented through different modalities, and to the recipients with different levels of involvement. Results of the three independent experiments demonstrate that testimonials are more persuasive when presented through the audio mode rather than when presented through the written mode. Also, the informational messages are more persuasive when perceived by individuals characterized by high rather than low involvement and high rather than low need-for-cognition. The results are explained in terms of the Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM). The interactive effect of transportation (Green & Brock, 2004) and involvement on persuasion is further examined. The findings help in developing the more effective ways of computer-based health communication. The highest level of efficiency can be achieved if the appropriate media modality and message format are used for recipients with certain initial involvement or need-for-cognition.
by Julia Braverman.
S.M.
Khadaroo, Basheer. "Identification des gènes de régulation de la division chez l'algue marine unicellulaire Ostreococcus tauri : étude de la première phosphatase Cdc25 dans la lignée verte." Montpellier 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON20023.
Full textKocgozlu, Leyla. "Rôle de l’élasticité du substrat sur des cellules épithéliales en cours de division et sur la régulation d’activités nucléaires." Strasbourg, 2010. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2010/KOCGOZLU_Leyla_2010.pdf.
Full textMechanical forces influence the growth and the morphology of tissues. The actin cytoskeleton and the focal adhesion contacts have a structural role on the cell. A first question was to determine if the elasticity of the substrate modifies these organizations, and if they are indispensable to the preservation of nuclear activities of epithelial cells PtK2. The module of Young, E of the substrate varies 0 in 500kPa. The actin stress fibers of and the focal contacts are absent for an elasticity of 0 and 50kPa. The replication is also inhibited. From 200 kPa, Rac1 is responsible for the formation of the focal contacts, actin fibers and the initiation of the replication. The elasticity of 50kPa allows the activity of the transcription. These results reveal a selective and uncoupled contribution from the substrate elasticity on the replication and the transcription of cells PtK2. The second question was to investigate whether the substrate elasticity exerts an influence on dividing Ptk2. The soft 50kPa elasticity induces delays in mitosis and presents abnormal morphology in the segregation, promoting the apoptose. This substrate causes also multiple alterations, a low engagement of integrin αv and progressive disappearance of microtubule. In vitro, elasticity above 200 kPa is physiological for PtK2 cells. In contrast, below 50 kPa, epithelial cells undergo two selective checkpoints 1) mitotic spindle failures leading to cytokinesis inhibition and 2) total inhibition of replication. In conclusion, matrix elasticity could exert, in vivo, a natural selective barrier both for cells with high motility and for non-migratory cells sensing mechanical changes in their environments
Marceaux, Claire. "Régulation d'une nouvelle GAP de Rho, ARHGAP19, dans la division des lymphocytes T humains et rôle dans l'hématopoièse murine." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS046/document.
Full textThe team identified a new GAP of RhoA, ARHGAP19, mostly expressed in the hematopoietic system. The project consisted in studying the regulation of this protein in human T lymphocytes. For this, the analyzes focused on the phosphorylation of ARHGAP19 and on its localization during the division of the T lymphocytes. ARHGAP19 is phosphorylated by the effector of RhoA, the protein kinase ROCK, on the Serine 422 and by the protein CDK1 mitotic kinase on Threonines 404 and 476. ROCK phosphorylation allows ARHGAP19 to interact with the 14-3-3 family of proteins that protects it from dephosphorylation that occur during cell division. All phosphorylations are essential for regulating the cellular localization of ARHGAP19 and contribute to correct cell division. Indeed, in the absence of phosphorylation, defects are observed during cytodiérèse resulting in the formation of multinucleate cells. In addition, deregulation of RhoGTPases, such as the absence of GAP, are now highlighted in cancers. This is why we generated arhgap19 KO mice to study the consequences of the absence of the gene coding for ARHGAP19, in the murine hematopoietic system. All progenitor and mature cells involved in murine hematopoiesis were analyzed. By this model of conditional invalidation of arhgap19, no major role of the protein has been demonstrated but the results suggest an involvement at different stages of hematopoietic differentiation and an impact on all populations of this system
Koebele, Clemens. "Mode-division-multiplexing as a possibility to cope with the increasing capacity demand in optical transmission systems." Phd thesis, Institut National des Télécommunications, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00762642.
Full textGalle, Marion. "Le Processus de décision en matière de pollution : une étude du jeu conflictuel comme mode de régulation." Paris 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA010029.
Full textFievet, Anouchka. "Le système multiprotéique ORP spécifique de l'anaérobiose : mécanisme de régulation et fonction chez Desulfovibrio vulgaris Hildenborough." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM4759.
Full textUp to now, approximately 30% of the predicted CDS in genomes encode for hypothetical or unknown function proteins. Understanding the role and the function of these proteins is now a major challenge for the scientific community.The main objective of this thesis is to determine the function of six proteins of unknown function specific of anaerobiosis and able to forming a multiprotein complex in Desulfovibrio vulgaris Hildenborough (DvH), named the ORP complex. This system is widely found in many anaerobic microorganisms, and some proteins of this system have significant homologies with proteins involved in cell division.Tools for microscopy in anaerobiosis have been developed during this thesis and have allowed observation, for the first time, of a complete DvH cell cycle. The study of oxygen effect on DvH at a single cell level has showed a reversible inhibition of cell division during oxygen exposure revealing a new strategy involved in DvH aerotolerance.In DvH, the ORP complex is encoding by genes organized in two divergent operons, orp1 and orp2, whose transcription is governed by sigma 54 RNA polymerase, the transcription factor IHF and the transcriptional regulator DVU2106. The decreased in the amount of ORP complex leads to heterogeneity of the cell size in accordance with a potential role of this complex in the spatio-temporal control of DvH cell division. While the absence of the majority of ORP proteins doesn't significantly affect DvH division in anaerobic conditions, the protein DVU2109 has a dynamic location during cell cycle and appears to be essential in the cell
Ah-Seng, Yoan. "La Ségrégation du plasmide F d'Escherichia coli : régulation de l'activité ATPase de la protéine moteur de partition SopA." Toulouse 3, 2010. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1126/.
Full textMitotic segregation of chromosomes and plasmids, termed partition in bacteria, is a fundamental step of the cell cycle that ensures the transmission of the whole genome to daughter cells. It is governed by specific genetic loci named par, first identified in low copy number plasmids and later found to be present as homologues in most bacterial chromosomes. Par loci encode two proteins, an ATPase and a DNA binding protein, and include a cis-acting centromeric site. These components interact with each other to direct the subcellular localization that ensures stability of their replicons. To determine the molecular mechanisms of the partition process and its control during the cell cycle, we study the Sop partition system of the Escherichia coli plasmid, F. Sop is one of the best-known partition systems. After F plasmid replication, SopB protein binds to the sopC centromeric site to form a partition complex. The complex on each plasmid copy interacts with SopA, an ATPase, and activates it to move the plasmid molecules towards the two cell poles. SopA ATPase is essential to the segregation process but its role is not defined. SopA has many activities. In vivo it represses its own operon by binding to the sopAB promoter. Moreover, in addition to its interaction with the partition complex it polymerizes in the presence of ATP. We have shown that SopB and DNA regulate this activity. Although the ATP-binding site on SopA is essential for partition, ATP hydrolysis by SopA is very weak. It is stimulated modestly by DNA and by SopB and strongly in the presence of both. We have characterized the interactions necessary for stimulation of ATP hydrolysis. First we found that the SopB-sopC partition complex is required for maximal stimulation. Then we showed that SopB and DNA contact SopA by two distinct interactions to fully activate ATPase activity. We also found that SopB activates SopA ATPase through an arginine finger motif. Finally, we have shown that in vivo, stimulation of the ATPase activity is necessary for both regulation of the sopAB operon and partition of plasmid F to be efficient