Relevant bibliographies by topics / Régulation du mode de division

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Academic literature on the topic 'Régulation du mode de division'

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Published: 25 May 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Régulation du mode de division"

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Jean, Mathieu. "Colette Guillaumin au Guandong : une sociologie historique de la force de travail féminine chinoise1." Articles 30, no. 2 (2018): 175–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1043928ar.

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Le développement capitaliste chinois a fait ressortir l’importance de la mobilisation desdagongmei, ces jeunes travailleuses soumises à un régime de travail disciplinaire dans les industries exportatrices intégrées au marché mondial. L’auteur propose une analyse sociohistorique de la main-d’oeuvre féminine où il suggère l’importance économique de l’appropriation du corps des femmes pour les familles chinoises : il en déduit que des rapports de sexage historiquement constitués lient l’ancienne division sexuelle du travail de la Chine impériale avec le mode de régulation du travail présent de nos jours dans les zones économiques spéciales. Ces rapports de sexage se trouvant au coeur même du capitalisme, l’auteur conclut qu’il est nécessaire de concevoir capitalisme et sexage sur le même plan ontologique, soit celui des pratiques sociales.
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BARRÈRE-MAURISSON, Marie-Agnès. "Régulation familiale, marchande ou politique : les variations de la relation travail-famille." Sociologie et sociétés 27, no. 2 (2002): 69–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/001023ar.

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Résumé Les changements socio-démographiques recensés dans la plupart des pays développés, au cours des trente dernières années, conduisent à un double constat. Tout d'abord, ils affectent tant les structures économiques que les structures familiales. Ensuite, on est frappé de la concomitance des évolutions. C'est pourquoi on doit analyser conjointement, et non plus séparément, le travail et la famille. La reconstruction des catégories de la pratique que ces changements véhiculent engage, en effet, à reconsidérer les catégories de l'analyse. C'est le sens de l'approche centrée autour de la notion de " division familiale du travail ". De fait, on assiste à une restructuration des rapports sociaux à l'intérieur de la famille comme de la société où se mettent en place de nouveaux modes de régulation. Familale, marchande ou politique, cette régulation sociétale varie suivant les pays, les moments, dans un jeu complexe entre institutions.
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Bélanger, Paul R. "Santé et services sociaux au Québec : un système en otage ou en crise ? De l’analyse stratégique aux modes de régulation." III. Du social géré : la recomposition politique, no. 20 (November 27, 2015): 145–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1034121ar.

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Le système de santé et de services sociaux est-il en otage, prisonnier de divers corporatismes, ou en crise, prisonnier de ses propres objectifs et formes institutionnels, et incapable de se renouveler autrement qu’en accentuant les traits qui l’ont conduit à ses propres limites ? Conclure que le système est en otage, comme le fait la commission Rochon, découle du recours à l’analyse stratégique, qui permet de rendre compte des jeux d’influence des divers groupes sociaux mais non pas de délimiter l’aire de jeu des acteurs. Or, les grands paramètres du système socio-sanitaire québécois sont : un rapport de consommation providentialiste fondé sur la consommation individuelle et passive, articulé d’une part à une division du travail quasi tayloriste, qui privilégie un mode d’intervention biomédical, et d’autre part à des contrats de travail où les médecins sont des entrepreneurs privés autonomes alors que les salariés sont exclus de toute intervention sur la gestion mais fortement protégés par des clauses rigides de définition de postes et de sécurité d’emploi. Il n’y a pas de solutions à la crise du système hors de la prise en considération simultanée de ces paramètres.
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Legault, Marie-Josée, and Martine D’Amours. "Représentation collective et citoyenneté au travail en contexte de projet." Articles 66, no. 4 (2012): 655–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1007638ar.

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Cet article contribue au renouvellement de la réflexion sur la citoyenneté au travail en s’appuyant sur la théorie de la citoyenneté sociale de Linda Bosniak pour étudier deux groupes de travailleurs (concepteurs de jeux vidéo et artistes interprètes) incombant à une même figure emblématique du travail contemporain, soit le travail du savoir très qualifié, mobile et organisé sous la forme de projets. À l’heure où le travail du savoir prend de plus en plus d’importance dans les économies développées, il importe de prendre acte de ce qu’il occupe une position très différente de la dépendance économique du citoyen industriel dont la compétence est substituable. À la différence de la division industrielle entre la conception et l’exécution, le travail y mobilise la personne entière du travailleur plutôt que sa seule force de travail, dans un processus créatif d’innovation sur un marché très compétitif où l’apport créateur du travailleur est un atout déterminant. Les auteures y étudient l’état contemporain de la représentation des intérêts chez des travailleurs du savoir et de leur participation à la régulation de leur travail, à la fois localement et à l’échelle sociale, à l’aide de deux études de cas où des travailleurs très qualifiés transitent constamment entre des projets à courte durée déterminée plutôt que de jouir d’une relation d’emploi stable à long terme. Confrontés à des problèmes et à des enjeux collectifs, ces travailleurs déploient des moyens originaux de participer à la régulation de leur travail, hors du syndicalisme. La discussion met finalement en évidence l’émergence non seulement de nouveaux modes de représentation mais d’un nouveau citoyen au travail, à la recherche de droits et d’avantages différents du citoyen industriel de l’ère fordiste et ceci, dans un espace plus large que celui de l’entreprise.
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Le Peuch, C. "La régulation de la division cellulaire." médecine/sciences 6, no. 1 (1990): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4267/10608/4057.

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Mamzer, M. F. "Régulation de la recherche française : mode d’emploi." La Revue de Médecine Interne 38, no. 7 (2017): 427–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.revmed.2017.01.006.

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Enguéléguélé, Maurice. "Quelques apports de l’analyse de l’action publique à l’étude du politique en Afrique subsaharienne." Articles 27, no. 1 (2008): 3–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/018045ar.

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Résumé L’analyse des politiques publiques connaît depuis 1990 une entrée progressive dans l’africanisme. Ce développement s’accompagne cependant d’une controverse sur la pertinence de ce mode particulier d’étude de la gestion et de la régulation des sociétés pour le terrain africain : ce dernier symboliserait l’absence d’institutionnalisation du pouvoir et le désordre y serait un mode de régulation heuristiquement plus porteur. L’occasion est ici donnée de prendre parti en soulignant, au contraire, que cette approche enrichit considérablement l’africanisme politique.
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Pavé, Francis. "L'absentéisme dans l'administration : un mode de régulation sociale." Politiques et management public 7, no. 2 (1989): 59–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/pomap.1989.2887.

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Nallet, Henri. "Du multilatéralisme comme mode de régulation de la mondialisation." Revue internationale et stratégique 45, no. 1 (2002): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/ris.045.0073.

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Van Schaftingen, E., A. Vandercammen, and M. Detheux. "Un nouveau mode de régulation pour la glucokinase hépatique." médecine/sciences 8, no. 1 (1992): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4267/10608/3040.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Régulation du mode de division"

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Mida, Baptiste. "Un nouveau rôle de CDKN1C dans le contrôle de la transition des modes de division au cours de la neurogenèse des vertébrés." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2023SORUS371.pdf.

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Le système nerveux central des vertébrés est constitué d’un assemblage complexe de nombreux types cellulaires, qui se développent à partir d’un réservoir limité de cellules souches neuroépithéliales. Pendant la neurogenèse, la transition progressive du mode de division des cellules progénitrices de symétrique prolifératif (SYM - produisant deux progéniteurs) vers asymétrique neurogénique (ASYM - produisant un neurone et un progéniteur) contrôle l’équilibre entre croissance et différenciation. Certains travaux pionniers ont montré que les progéniteurs SYM et ASYM diffèrent au niveau transcriptomique, suggérant que cette transition de SYM vers ASYM est placée sous un contrôle génétique spécifique. Par exemple, l’expression du facteur de transcription Tis21 est initiée dans les progéniteurs neuraux lors de la transition d’un mode de division SYM vers ASYM. Mon projet de thèse a eu pour objectif d’identifier de nouveaux acteurs et régulateurs de la transition SYM vers ASYM, et de valider fonctionnellement le rôle de ces candidats dans la régulation de cette transition. A travers l’analyse de données de RNA-seq à l’échelle cellule-unique provenant de tubes neuraux d’embryons de poulet et souris en développement, j’ai identifié en partenariat avec une équipe de bio-informaticiens (Morgane Thomas-Chollier, Nathalie Lehmann, IBENS) plusieurs gènes candidats à la régulation de la transition du mode de division, selon 2 critères : 1) l’expression différentielle du gène entre progéniteurs Tis21-positifs et négatifs et 2) un profil d’expression pseudo-temporel similaire à celui de Tis21 au cours de la neurogenèse. Parmi ces gènes, je me suis focalisé sur l’étude de CDKN1C (p57Kip2) qui jusqu’à présent avait été décrit principalement comme un régulateur négatif du cycle cellulaire. Mes travaux ont montré l’expression progressive de l’ARNm de CDKN1C dans la région ventrale du tube neural embryonnaire de poulet en développement, suggérant fortement une expression de CDKN1C dans les progéniteurs. J’ai également montré que la perte de fonction in vivo de CDKN1C (via shRNA) diminue la neurogenèse à l’échelle tissulaire, et favorise la prolifération des progéniteurs neuraux. L’exploration de ce phénotype a montré que les progéniteurs présentant une expression diminuée de CDKN1C ont une durée moyenne de cycle cellulaire plus courte, notamment due à une réduction de la durée de la phase G1, comparée à celle des progéniteurs sauvages. A travers une analyse clonale de la descendance de progéniteurs, j’ai ensuite montré que la diminution de l’expression de CDKN1C dans ces progéniteurs favorisait le mode de division SYM. Enfin, dans le but de déterminer si l’effet de CDKN1C sur le mode de division dépendait de son rôle régulateur du cycle cellulaire, et en particulier de la durée de G1, j’ai combiné une diminution d’expression de CDKN1C à une diminution de l’expression de la Cycline D1, qui devrait quant à elle allonger la durée de G1. Cette perte de fonction combinée permet de restaurer le phénotype observé après la diminution seule de CDKN1C, à l’échelle tissulaire et cellulaire, indiquant que le rôle de CDKN1C dans le contrôle du mode de division semble s’effectuer principalement à travers son rôle de régulateur négatif du cycle cellulaire. Dans l'ensemble, mon projet suggère un nouveau rôle de CDKN1C dans la régulation de la transition SYM-ASYM, et contribue à élucider les mécanismes fondamentaux qui régulent cette transition et donc l'équilibre entre prolifération et différenciation dans les progéniteurs neuraux au cours de la neurogenèse<br>The vertebrate central nervous system (CNS) is produced from a limited reservoir of neuroepithelial stem cells, which initially amplify through symmetric proliferative divisions (SYM) in which one progenitor produces two progenitors. Progressively, progenitors engage in an asymmetric neurogenic mode of division (ASYM), producing one progenitor and one neuron. Finally, symmetric terminal divisions (TERM) produce two neurons. The fine regulation of these division patterns is crucial for proper brain development, and alteration of these processes can lead to excessive proliferation or, conversely, generate early differentiation into neurons. In the developing CNS, SYM, ASYM and TERM modes of division appear in a sequential order within cell clones, indicating that transitions between modes of division are definitive, and correspond to compartmentalized cell states. Moreover, some pioneering works have shown that SYM and ASYM progenitors differ at the molecular level, notably at the transcriptomic level, suggesting that this transition from SYM to ASYM is under a specific genetic control. For example, the expression of the transcription factor Tis21 begins in neural progenitors during the transition from a proliferative to a neurogenic mode of division. My thesis project aimed at identifying new actors and regulators of the SYM to ASYM transition, at the border between proliferation and differentiation, and to functionally validate the role of these candidates in the regulation of this transition. Through the analysis of single-cell RNA-seq data from neural tubes of developing chick and mouse embryos, I identified in partnership with a team of bioinformaticians (Morgane Thomas-Chollier, Nathalie Lehmann, IBENS) several candidate genes in the regulation of the transition of the mode of division, according to 2 criteria: 1) a differential gene expression between Tis21-positive and negative progenitors and 2) a pseudo-temporal expression profile similar to the one of Tis21 during neurogenesis. Among these genes, I focused on the study of CDKN1C (p57Kip2) which until now had been described mainly as a negative regulator of the cell cycle. My work showed the progressive expression of CDKN1C mRNA in the ventral region of the developing chick embryonic neural tube, strongly suggesting the expression of CDKN1C in progenitors. I also showed that in vivo loss of function of CDKN1C (via shRNA) unfavors neurogenesis at the tissue level, and promotes neural progenitor proliferation. Exploration of this phenotype showed that progenitors with decreased CDKN1C expression have a shorter cell cycle duration on average, notably due to a reduction in the duration of the G1 phase, compared to wild-type progenitors. Through clonal analysis of the progenitors’ progeny, I then showed that decreased CDKN1C expression in progenitors favoured the SYM mode of division. Finally, in order to determine whether the effect of CDKN1C on the mode of division was dependent on its role in the cell cycle, I sought to counterbalance the decrease in G1 duration observed upon CDKN1C loss-of-function. To do so, I decreased the expression of Cyclin D1 in order to lengthen the duration of G1. The combined loss of function of CDKN1C and Cyclin D1 shows an almost complete rescue of the phenotype generated by the decrease in CDKN1C alone, at both the tissue and cellular levels, indicating that the role of CDKN1C in controlling the division mode seems to be directed mainly through its role as a negative regulator of the cell cycle. Overall, my project suggests a novel role for CDKN1C in the regulation of the SYM-ASYM transition, and contributes to elucidate the fundamental mechanisms that regulate this transition and thus the balance between proliferation and differentiation in neural progenitors during neurogenesis
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Meneau, Ferdinand. "De nouveaux modes de régulation d’ARPP19 éclairent la reprise de la méiose de l’ovocyte : une étude croisée chez la méduse et l'amphibien." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2023SORUS363.pdf.

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Ma thèse a porté sur le rôle d’ARPP19, une protéine qui est au cœur du mécanisme de reprise de la méiose des ovocytes. Chez tous les animaux, la méiose des ovocytes s’interrompt en prophase I. Ce long arrêt est mis à profit par l’ovocyte qui accumule des molécules nutritives et informatives utilisées lors de l’embryogenèse. L’arrêt en prophase est dû au maintien sous une forme inactive du MPF (M-phase Promoting Factor). Ce complexe, formé de la kinase Cdk1 et de la Cycline B, est le moteur de la division des cellules eucaryotes. Chez les vertébrés, une activité élevée de la kinase PKA (Protéine Kinase dépendant de l’AMPc) empêche l’activation du MPF, ce qui maintient le blocage en prophase de l’ovocyte. Un stimulus hormonal provoque la levée de ce blocage et la reprise de la méiose. Chez les vertébrés, l’un des premiers évènements induits par cette stimulation est l’inactivation de PKA, ce qui enclenche une voie de signalisation aboutissant à l’activation du MPF. Ma thèse a porté sur les mécanismes permettant à PKA de contrôler le MPF. Chez le Xénope, l’un des substrats-clés de PKA est ARPP19, phosphorylée par PKA sur la sérine 109 (S109). Suite à l’inactivation de PKA par la stimulation hormonale, ARPP19 est déphosphorylé par la phosphatase PP2A-B55 et permet indirectement l’activation du MPF. Au moment où le MPF s’active, ARPP19 remplit une autre fonction. Le MPF active la kinase Greatwall (Gwl) qui phosphoryle ARPP19 sur la sérine 67 (S67), le convertissant en un inhibiteur de PP2A-B55. Cette inhibition est essentielle pour la division car cette phosphatase s’oppose au MPF en déphosphorylant ses substrats. Le contrôle négatif exercé par PKA sur le MPF n’est pas conservé chez tous les métazoaires. De nombreuses espèces non-vertébrées présentent un mécanisme inversé : la levée du blocage en prophase ne dépend pas d’une inactivation, mais d’une activation de PKA, comme chez la méduse Clytia hemisphaerica. Or, ARPP19 est exprimé dans les ovocytes de cette espèce. La protéine devrait donc être phosphorylée par PKA dans l’ovocyte de Clytia. Comment ne bloque-t-elle pas l’activation du MPF? J’ai montré qu’ARPP19 de Clytia (ClyARPP19) possédait un site de phosphorylation par PKA. Néanmoins, ClyARPP19 est un mauvais substrat de PKA et n’est pas phosphorylé par cette kinase dans l’ovocyte. En outre, les mécanismes par lesquels il inhibe le MPF ne sont pas fonctionnels chez Clytia. Une double sécurité protège donc l’ovocyte de Clytia d’une inhibition du MPF par ARPP19. Mes résultats permettent d’établir un scénario évolutif quant au contrôle négatif exercé par PKA sur la reprise de la méiose chez les vertébrés. Contrairement au contrôle d’ARPP19 par Gwl, retrouvé chez tous les eucaryotes, le site de phosphorylation d’ARPP19 par PKA apparaît chez les métazoaires, chez qui il est conservé. Mais il n’est utilisé comme régulateur de la reprise de la méiose que chez les vertébrés, grâce à un accroissement de son potentiel de phosphorylation par PKA. J’ai ensuite étudié les mécanismes permettant à la forme phosphorylée sur S109 d’ARPP19 d’inhiber le MPF. J’ai découvert qu’en prophase, ARPP19 est faiblement phosphorylé sur la S67 par une activité basale de Gwl. Or, il est critique de limiter cette phosphorylation pour éviter une reprise spontanée de la méiose. J’ai montré que deux types de régulation limitaient cette phosphorylation. Le premier est la phosphorylation de la S109 par PKA, le second est une régulation intramoléculaire reposant sur deux domaines de la partie C-terminale d’ARPP19. Mes travaux conduisent à une nouvelle vision de l’arrêt en prophase, un état métastable où ARPP19 est à la fois phosphorylé sur S109 (majeure) et S67 (mineure). Ils permettent de dégager un rôle négatif de la phosphorylation d’ARPP19 par PKA sur l’activation du MPF : empêcher la phosphorylation par Gwl. La déphosphorylation de la S109 en réponse à l’hormone génère une protéine ARPP19 accessible à Gwl, l’un des éléments nécessaires à l’activation du MPF<br>My thesis focused on the role of ARPP19, a protein at the center of meiosis resumption in oocytes. In all animals, oocyte meiosis is interrupted during prophase I. This long pause is used by the oocyte to accumulate nutritive and informative molecules that will serve during embryogenesis. The prophase arrest is due to an inactive form of MPF (M-phase Promoting Factor). This complex, made up of the Cdk1 kinase and Cyclin B, is the driving force behind eukaryotic cell division. In vertebrates, high levels of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) activity prevent MPF activation, keeping the oocyte blocked in prophase. A hormonal stimulus releases the prophase arrest and promotes meiosis resumption. In vertebrates, one of the first events induced by this stimulation is the inactivation of PKA, triggering a signaling pathway leading to MPF activation. My thesis focused on the mechanisms by which PKA controls MPF. In Xenopus, one of PKA key substrates is ARPP19, phosphorylated by PKA on serine 109 (S109). Following inactivation of PKA by the hormonal stimulation, ARPP19 is dephosphorylated by the PP2A-B55 phosphatase, indirectly enabling MPF activation. When MPF activates, ARPP19 undertakes another function. MPF activates the Greatwall kinase (Gwl), which phosphorylates ARPP19 on serine 67 (S67), converting it into an inhibitor of PP2A-B55. This inhibition is essential for division, as this phosphatase opposes MPF by dephosphorylating its substrates. The negative control exerted by PKA on MPF is not conserved in all metazoans. Many non-vertebrate species show an inverted mechanism: the release of the prophase block does not depend on PKA inactivation, but on its activation, as in the jellyfish Clytia hemisphaerica. ARPP19 is expressed in the oocytes of this species. The protein should therefore be phosphorylated by PKA in the Clytia oocyte. Why does it not block MPF activation? I have shown that Clytia ARPP19 (ClyARPP19) has a PKA phosphorylation site. However, ClyARPP19 is a poor substrate of PKA and is not phosphorylated by this kinase in the oocyte. Moreover, the mechanisms by which it inhibits MPF are not functional in Clytia. This double security level therefore protects Clytia oocyte from MPF inhibition by ARPP19. My results provide an evolutionary scenario for the negative control exerted by PKA on the resumption of meiosis in vertebrates. Unlike the control of ARPP19 by Gwl, conserved in all eukaryotes, the phosphorylation site of ARPP19 by PKA appears in metazoans, where it is conserved. But it is used as a regulator of meiosis resumption only in vertebrates, thanks to an increase of its phosphorylation potential by PKA. I then investigated the mechanisms by which the phosphorylated form of ARPP19 on S109 inhibits MPF. I discovered that in prophase, ARPP19 is weakly phosphorylated on S67 by a basal Gwl activity. Limiting this phosphorylation is critical to prevent spontaneous resumption of meiosis. I have shown that two types of regulation limit this phosphorylation by Gwl. The first is S109 phosphorylation by PKA, the second is an intramolecular regulation based on two domains in the C-terminal part of ARPP19. My work leads to a new vision of the prophase arrest, a metastable state in which ARPP19 is phosphorylated on both S109 (major) and S67 (minor). They provide insight into one negative role of PKA-phosphorylated ARPP19 on MPF activation: preventing phosphorylation by Gwl. Dephosphorylation of S109 in response to the hormone generates an ARPP19 protein accessible to Gwl, one of the key elements required for MPF activation
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Bai, Neng. "Mode-Division Multiplexed Transmission in Few-mode Fibers." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2013. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/5761.

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As a promising candidate to break the single-mode fiber capacity limit, mode-division multiplexing (MDM) explores the spatial dimension to increase transmission capacity in fiber-optic communication. Two linear impairments, namely loss and multimode interference, present fundamental challenges to implementing MDM. In this dissertation, techniques to resolve these two issues are presented. To de-multiplex signals subject to multimode interference in MDM, Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output (MIMO) processing using adaptive frequency-domain equalization (FDE) is proposed and investigated. Both simulations and experiments validate that FDE can reduce the algorithmic complexity significantly in comparison with the conventional time-domain equalization (TDE) while achieving similar performance as TDE. To further improve the performance of FDE, two modifications on traditional FDE algorithm are demonstrated. i) normalized adaptive FDE is applied to increase the convergence speed by 5 times; ii) master-slave carrier recovery is proposed to reduce the algorithmic complexity of phase estimation by number of modes. Although FDE can reduce the computational complexity of the MIMO processing, due to large mode group delay (MGD) of FMF link and block processing, the algorithm still requires enormous memory and high hardware complexity. In order to reduce the required tap length (RTL) of the equalizer, differential mode group delay compensated fiber (DMGDC) has been proposed. In this dissertation, the analytical expression for RTL is derived for DMGDC systems under the weak mode coupling assumption. Instead of depending on the overall MGD of the link in DMGD uncompensated (DMGDUC) systems, the RTL of DMGDC systems depend on the MGD of a single DMGDC fiber section. The theoretical and numerical results suggest that by using small compensation step-size, the RTL of DMGDC link can be reduced by 2 orders of magnitude compared to DMGDUC link. To compensate the loss of different modes, multimode EDFAs are presented with re-configurable multimode pumps. By tuning the mode content of the multimode pump, mode-dependent gain (MDG) can be controlled and equalized. A proto-type FM-EDFA which could support 2 LP modes was constructed. The experimental results show that by using high order mode pumps, the modal gain difference can be reduced. By applying both multimode EDFA and equalization techniques, 26.4Tb/s MDM-WDM transmission was successfully demonstrated. A brief summary and several possible future research directions conclude this dissertation.<br>Ph.D.<br>Doctorate<br>Optics and Photonics<br>Optics and Photonics<br>Optics
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Carpenter, Joel Anthony. "Holographic mode division multiplexing in optical fibres." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.610803.

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Sabbah, Samia. "L'économie d'endettement marocaine : un nouveau mode de régulation." Grenoble 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992GRE21027.

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Le presente etude a pour objectif de tenter de comprendre la genese (periode 1975-1983) ainsi que l'evolution et la gestion (de 1983 a nos jours) de la crise de l'endettement des pvd en general et du maroc plus particulierement. La recherche effectuee vise a proposer une interpretation du processus d'endettement a partir d'une approche en termes de regulation des systemes productifs. La montee de l'endettement est analysee comme le resultat d'une imbrication profonde de causes externes (processus d'internationalisation, integration croissante des pays du thiers monde dans la dit : integration financiere completant l'integration au niveau productif, les deux etant indissociables et ayant pour objectif de soutenir la demande mondiale) et de causes internes (strategies de developpement et, derriere elle, la conception meme du developpement. L'analyse proposee tente de mettre en relief simultanement l'articulation du national et de l'international ainsi que les phenomenes reels et les phenomenes monetaires. Le concept de la "contrainte exterieure" est le mieux a meme d'analyser cette articulation. Une etude concrete sur le cas du maroc est effectuee a partir de ces notions et du cadre theorique sous jacent<br>The objective of the present study is to understand the debt crisis in developing countries in general and in morocco particulary through its origins (1975-1983 period), its evolution and its management (from 1983 to nowadays). The research done offerts an interpretation of the indebtness process based on the "regulation approach" of the productive systems. The growth of indebtness is analysed as the result of an interraction between external and internal causes. The external factors analysed are the globalisation process, the increasing integration of developing countries in the international division of labor ; the financial integration complementing the productive one, both responding to the global demand. The internal factors studied are those embodied in the development strategy of morocco. The framework adopted in this study highlights both the articulation between national and international factors and the monetary and real variables. The concept of "external constraint" is the best way to analyse these interactions an empirical analysis of the moroccan cas is implemented based on this concepts and the underlying theoritical frameword
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Benyahya, Kaoutar. "Mode group division multiplexing for short reach optical communications." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REN1S117.

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La demande croissante du trafic de données sera alimentée par des technologies révolutionnaires telles que la réalité virtuelle (VR), la réalité augmentée (AR) et l’Internet des objets (IoT). Par conséquent, les réseaux optiques devraient répondre aux besoins de ces services en termes de débit, faible temps de réponse et grande fiabilité. En effet, les hauts débits représentent un besoin critique pour les systèmes de communication à fibre optique déployés dans les réseaux locaux ainsi que dans les centres de données. Pour ces deux applications, les systèmes basés sur la modulation d'intensité et la détection directe de cette dernière sont très attractifs en raison de leur faible coût et de leur compatibilité avec les applications à courte distance. Dans le cadre de cette thèse, nous répondons à la nécessité d’augmenter les débits pour les systèmes de communication optiques à courte distance basés sur le multiplexage de groupe de modes et la détection directe. Tout d'abord, nous visons à augmenter la capacité des fibres multimodes standard déjà déployées dans les réseaux locaux et à l’intérieur des centres de données où la distance est inférieure à 5 km. Deuxièmement, nous étendons notre solution aux applications avec des distances de déploiement plus longues telles que les connexions entre les centres de données. Dans les deux cas, les architectures des liens optiques, y compris les émetteurs, les récepteurs et les fibres optiques, sont analysées. De plus, les formats de modulation adaptés aux systèmes basés sur la détection directe tels que le format de modulation mono-porteuse 4-PAM et celui multi-porteuse DMT sont comparés dans le contexte de la transmission basée sur le multiplexage spatial. Nous avons démontré les avantages du multiplexage de groupes de modes combiné à la détection directe pour augmenter le débit transmit sur une seule fibre. Premièrement, 5 Tb / s ont été démontré sur 2,2 km de fibre multimode conventionnelle (OM2). Deuxièmement, un record de transmission de 14,5 Tb / s sur fibre OM2 est démontré au moment correspondant à sa réalisation. Enfin, 200 Gb / s sur 20 km de fibre faiblement multimode (FMF) a été démontré, ce qui étend les avantages du multiplexage par groupes de modes aux applications à longue distance par rapport aux réseaux LAN où la distance maximale est limitée à 5 km<br>The ever-growing demand of data traffic will be fuelled by revolutionary technologies such as virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR) and Internet of things (IoT). Therefore, optical networks should support the requirements of these services in terms of high capacity, low latency and high reliability. In fact, large scale capacity is a critical need for fiber optic communication systems deployed in local area networks as well as in datacenters. For both applications, systems relying on intensity modulation and direct detection (IMDD) are highly demanded due to their low cost and compatibility with short range applications. In this thesis, we address the need of increasing the data rates for short reach optical communication systems based on mode group division multiplexing and direct detection schemes. Firstly, we focus on increasing the capacity of already deployed standard multimode fibers in local area networks and intra-datacenters communication where the distance is shorter than 5 km. Secondly, we extend our solution to longer reach applications such as inter-datacenter interconnects. In both cases, optical link architectures, including transmitters, receivers and the optical fibers are analysed. Moreover, modulation formats adapted to IMDD systems such as single carrier 4-PAM and multicarrier DMT are compared in the context of space division multiplexing transmission. In this work we demonstrated the achievable benefit of mode group multiplexing combined with IMDD schemes. First, 5 Tb/s has been achieved over 2.2 km of conventional multimode fiber (OM2). Secondly, transmission record at the corresponding time of its realization of 14.5 Tb/s over OM2 fiber is demonstrated. Finally, 200 Gb/s over 20 km of FMF has been achieved which extend the benefit of mode group multiplexing to longer reach applications compared to LAN and intra-datacenter where the maximum distance is limited to 5 km
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Weng, Yi. "Spatial Division Multiplexed Transmission and Sensing in Few-Mode Fibers." Thesis, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10261316.

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<p> Space division multiplexing (SDM) has become a promising approach in the telecom industry to reduce the cost-per-bit of optical fiber transmission and to resolve the approaching bandwidth crunch. Meanwhile, intermodal nonlinear effects in few-mode fibers (FMF) potentially provide some novel applications along with sophisticated optical signal processing functionality. Recently, such spatial channels and modes have been applied in optical sensing applications with the returned echo analyzed for the collection of essential environmental information. The key advantages of implementing SDM techniques in optical measurement systems include the multi-parameter discriminative capability and accuracy improvement. In this dissertation, we conduct theoretical and experimental study on the SDM systems using FMFs for both optical transmission and sensing applications. </p><p> We first investigate a fast-convergence single-stage adaptive frequency-domain recursive-least-square algorithm for simultaneously compensating chromatic dispersion and differential mode group delay in a 224 Gbit/s six-mode polarization-division multiplexed 16 quadrature amplitude modulation FMF transmission system, which increases convergence speed by 53.7% over conventional frequency-domain least-mean square method, with 11% hardware complexity reduction over two-stage recursive-least square approach. </p><p> We then present an ultrafast all-optical simultaneous wavelength and mode conversion scheme based on intermodal four-wave mixing, with the capability of switching polarization and mode degeneracy orientation in FMFs. The relation among the conversion efficiency, pump power and phase matching conditions is investigated in theory analysis and simulation. The cross-polarization modulation and cross-mode modulation can be achieved, by in the best case up to 50% conversion efficiency. </p><p> Finally, a single-end FMF-based distributed sensing system that supports simultaneous temperature and strain monitoring is demonstrated via Brillouin optical time-domain reflectometry and heterodyne detection. Theoretical analysis and experimental assessment of multi-parameter discriminative measurement applied to the distributed sensors are presented, which endows with good sensitivity characteristics and can prevent catastrophic failure in many applications.</p><p>
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Riesen, Nicolas. "Spatial mode-division multiplexing and advanced distributed fibre sensing techniques." Phd thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/125032.

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Part A: Spatial Mode-Division Multiplexing: As the capacity limits of single-mode optical fibre are being approached, attention has shifted to few-mode fibre. Increasing capacity then amounts to independently exciting and detecting the various spatial modes, in what is known as spatial mode-division multiplexing. In this approach each mode acts as a different data channel. The independent excitation and detection of the individual spatial modes however remains a major technological challenge, and at present experimental demonstrations have relied on lossy bulk free-space optics. In this thesis, simpler and more compact waveguide-based alternatives are proposed and analysed. Firstly, it is shown that asymmetric Y-junctions can be used to adiabatically multiplex/demultiplex the modes of polarization-maintaining or elliptical-core few-mode fibre. Analytical models describing the mode-selective functionality of these devices are developed and it is shown numerically that the performance is largely independent of wavelength, hence permitting wideband wavelength-division multiplexing. Another class of compact waveguide-based devices suitable for mode-division multiplexing are mode-selective couplers. Coupled mode theory is used to develop an analytical model of these devices, and it is shown that specific three-core variants permit demultiplexing of asymmetric higher-order modes irrespective of modal orientation. The wavelength-dependence of these couplers is however shown to limit their use in wavelength-division multiplexed systems. In order to solve the wavelength-dependence issue of these couplers, adiabatic tapers can be introduced into the cores. Such structures are referred to as tapered velocity mode-selective couplers, and unlike standard directional mode-couplers, these novel devices do not require precise phase conditions to be satisfied over an extended length. For this reason they permit ultra-wideband mode-division multiplexing of few-mode fibre. It is again shown that three-core variants of these tapered couplers can permit mode-orientation independent decoupling. These devices are numerically analyzed, and their successful fabrication using the femtosecond-laser direct write technique is also reported. These developments could play a very significant role in future high-capacity telecommunications. Part B: Advanced Distributed Fibre Sensing Techniques: Distributed optical fibre sensing techniques are invariably plagued by trade-offs between the performance metrics of range, spatial resolution and measurement bandwidth. This is especially true for the most well-known frequency domain and time domain fibre sensing techniques of optical frequency domain reflectometry (OFDR) and optical time domain reflectometry (OTDR), respectively. What is needed to lessen the performance trade-offs, is a hybrid technique using both time and frequency domain signal analysis. The merging of the realms of time and frequency domain fibre sensing is demonstrated in this thesis using a range-gated variant of OFDR. The range-gating is achieved by time stamping the optical signal using high-frequency pseudorandom noise phase modulation, also known as digitally enhanced interferometry. The merging of digital interferometry and OFDR is referred to as digitally enhanced OFDR. This technique permits orders of magnitude reduction in the required sampling rates of OFDR, and overcomes the range ambiguity inherent in OFDR when sensing over multiple frequency sweeps. The latter feature means the technique can be used for ultra-high (e.g. acoustic) bandwidth sensing without sacrificing range or spatial resolution.
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Kim, Eun Hie, and Michael Nsiah-Gyimah. "The impact of fuel price volatility on transportation mode choice." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/53542.

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Thesis (M. Eng. in Logistics)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, 2009.<br>Includes bibliographical references (leaves 43-45).<br>In recent years, the price of oil has driven large fluctuations in the price of diesel fuel, which is an important cost component in freight logistics. This thesis explores the impact of fuel price volatility on supply chains by examining the sensitivity of decisions under various scenarios. Specifically, we analyze the transportation mode choice decision between truckload and intermodal (truck combined with rail) transportation using a model to calculate the total relevant cost, consisting of transportation cost and inventory holding cost. We use input from the North American operations for a global retail company regarding annual demand, product characteristics, load size, lead time, transportation rates, fuel surcharges, inventory policies and holding cost to perform sensitivity analysis of the mode choice decision to fuel price and the value density of the product. For several origin-destination pairs we identify the diesel price at which intermodal offers lower total cost than truckload as well as the magnitude of savings that can be achieved by switching modes. We then generalize the insights from this case by providing an equation to calculate the fuel price for this mode choice tradeoff.<br>by Eun Hie Kim [and] Michael Nsiah-Gyimah.<br>M.Eng.in Logistics
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Dujardin, Yann. "Régulation adaptative multi-objectif et multi-mode aux carrefours à feux." Phd thesis, Université Paris Dauphine - Paris IX, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00904781.

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Afin de répondre à la problématique de la régulation multi-objectif et multi-mode des carrefours à feux, nous proposons trois modèles de programmation linéaire mixte en nombres entiers constituant les moteurs d'un système de régulation pleinement adaptatif, ainsi que deux procédures interactives d'optimisation multi-objectif permettant d'adapter itérativement une "politique de régulation" à la situation de trafic. Les critères pris en compte, tous à minimiser, sont le temps d'attente et le nombre d'arrêts des véhicules particuliers, et un critère dédié aux transports en commun permettant de fixer un temps d'attente souhaité pour chaque bus. Des expérimentations ont montré qu'un des trois modèles, dit hybride, se démarque positivement des deux autres. Ce modèle a alors été mis en œuvre avec une des deux procédures interactives, permettant de contrôler un trafic simulé sur une période d'une heure dans différents scénarios types, et comparé à un système de régulation semi-adaptatif.
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Books on the topic "Régulation du mode de division"

1

Les fonds de pension en France: Vers un nouveau mode de régulation des retraites. Harmattan, 2000.

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Henn, Jeanne Koopman. The material basis of sexism: A mode of production analysis with African examples. African Studies Center, Boston University, 1986.

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Rashid, Shahnaz Tahihra Al. The mode of cell division and characterization of the ftsZ gene of campylobacter jejuni ATCC 43431. National Library of Canada, 1998.

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Inc, QUALCOMM, and Telecommunications Industry Association. TR45 Committee., eds. Proposed wideband spread spectrum standard: Digital cellular system CDMA-analog dual-mode mobile station-base station compatibility standard. QUALCOMM, 1992.

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Bernier, Luc, and Philippe Bance. Crise contemporaine et renouveau de l'action publique =: Contemporary crisis and renewal of public action : vers l'émergence d'un nouveau mode de régulation ? = towards the emergence of a new form of regulation? P.I.E. Peter Lang, 2011.

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IEEE International Conference on Communications (1998 Atlanta, Ga). ICC '98: 1998 IEEE International Conference on Communications : conference record : 7-11 June 1998, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. IEEE, 1998.

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Sex and destiny: The politics of human fertility. Picador, 1985.

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Greer, Germaine. Sexo y destino. Plaza & Janes, 1985.

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L, Moses Harold, Lengyel Peter 1929-, Stiles Charles D, and Genentech Inc, eds. Growth inhibitory and cytotoxic polypeptides ; proceedings of a Genentech-Smith, Kline & French-Triton Biosciences-UCLA Symposium held in Keystone, Colorado, January 24-30, 1988. A.R. Liss, 1989.

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(Editor), Alessandra Pani, and Sandra Dessì (Editor), eds. Cell Growth and Cholesterol Esters (Molecular Biology Intelligence Unit). Springer, 2003.

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Book chapters on the topic "Régulation du mode de division"

1

Rogosa, Morrison, Micah I. Krichevsky, and Rita R. Colwell. "Mode of Cell Division." In Springer Series in Microbiology. Springer New York, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4986-3_16.

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Jung, Yongmin, Shaif-Ul Alam, and David J. Richardson. "Optical Amplifiers for Mode Division Multiplexing." In Handbook of Optical Fibers. Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-1477-2_49-1.

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Jung, Yongmin, Shaif-Ul Alam, and David J. Richardson. "Optical Amplifiers for Mode Division Multiplexing." In Handbook of Optical Fibers. Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7087-7_49.

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Behera, Bhagyalaxmi, S. K. Varshney, and Mihir Narayan Mohanty. "Design and Modal Analysis of Few-Mode Fibers for Spatial Division Multiplexing." In Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems. Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-2774-6_19.

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Srivastava, Saumya, Kamal K. Upadhyay, and Nar Singh. "High-Speed Optical Mode Division Multiplexing of Hermite–Gaussian Modes in Multimode Fiber." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-5934-7_9.

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Song, Lei, and Chengnan Yan. "Dynamics of Chinese-Style Developmentalism as the Mode of Régulation: Formation, Weakening, and Redesign of Flexible Rigidity." In Evolving Diversity and Interdependence of Capitalisms. Springer Japan, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-55001-3_13.

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Leroy, O., and G. N. Shkerdin. "The Mode Method in the Theory of Acoustic Wave Diffraction on Division Boundaries Between Different Structures." In Physical Acoustics. Springer US, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-9573-1_57.

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El-Hashash, Ahmed. "Mode of Cell Division as a Regulatory Mechanism for Lung Stem Cell Behavior Compared to Other Systems." In Lung Stem Cell Behavior. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95279-6_5.

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Malekmohammadi, Amin. "Modified 1.28 Tbit/s (32 × 4 × 10 Gbit/s) Absolute Polar Duty Cycle Division Multiplexing-WDM Transmission Over 320 km Standard Single Mode Fiber." In Electrical Engineering and Applied Computing. Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1192-1_8.

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Koskinen, Hannu E. J., and Emilia K. J. Kilpua. "Drivers and Properties of Waves in the Inner Magnetosphere." In Astronomy and Astrophysics Library. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-82167-8_5.

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AbstractHow different wave modes are driven, is a central issue in space plasma physics. A practical problem is that often only indirect evidence of the driver can be identified in observations. The plasma environment is complex and variable and already a small difference in background or initial conditions may lead to widely different observable outcomes. In this chapter we discuss drivers of waves causing acceleration, transport and loss of radiation belt particles, whereas Chap. 10.1007/978-3-030-82167-8_6 discusses these effects in detail. We note that while this division is motivated in a textbook, it is somewhat artificial and the growth of the waves and their consequences often need to be studied together. For example, a whistler-mode wave can grow from thermal fluctuations due to gyro-resonant interactions until a marginally stable state is reached or nonlinear growth takes over. The growing wave starts to interact with different particle populations leading to damping or further growth of the wave. The fluxes of the higher-energy radiation belt particles are, however, small compared to the lower-energy background population, which supports the wave. Thus their effects on the overall wave activity usually remain small, although the waves can have drastic effect on higher-energy populations. Consequently, these two chapters should be studied together.
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Conference papers on the topic "Régulation du mode de division"

1

Kitayama, Ken-ichi, Nikolaos P. Diamantopoulos, Yuki Yoshida, and Akihiro Maruta. "Mode division multiplexed networks." In 2017 Opto-Electronics and Communications Conference (OECC) and Photonics Global Conference (PGC). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/oecc.2017.8114848.

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Sun, Yi, Robert Lingle, Alan McCurdy, Dave Peckham, Rasmus Jensen, and Lars Gruner-Nielsen. "Few-mode fibers for mode-division multiplexing." In 2013 IEEE Photonics Society Summer Topical Meeting Series. IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/phosst.2013.6614462.

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Carpenter, Joel, and Timothy D. Wilkinson. "Holographic mode generation for mode division multiplexing." In National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference. OSA, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/nfoec.2012.jw2a.42.

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Perez-Galacho, Diego, Carlos Alberto Alonso-Ramos, Delphine Marris-Morini, et al. "Integrated mode converter for mode division multiplexing." In SPIE Photonics Europe, edited by Laurent Vivien, Lorenzo Pavesi, and Stefano Pelli. SPIE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2228848.

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Randel, Sebastian, and Peter Winzer. "DSP for Mode Division Multiplexing." In OptoElectronics and Communications Conference and Photonics in Switching. OSA, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oecc_ps.2013.thr3_1.

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Carpenter, Joel, and Timothy D. Wilkinson. "Holographic Mode-Group Division Multiplexing." In Optical Fiber Communication Conference. OSA, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ofc.2011.othn3.

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Luo, Lian-Wee, Lucas H. Gabrielli, and Michal Lipson. "On-Chip Mode-Division Multiplexer." In CLEO: Science and Innovations. OSA, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_si.2013.cth1c.6.

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Laude, J. P., and J. M. Lerner. "Single-mode wavelength division muliplexers." In OSA Annual Meeting. Optica Publishing Group, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1989.tuv2.

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In a diffraction grating WDM using an array of single-mode fibers1 of mode radius ωo, equispaced with a distance Δx, the spectral ratio R = (dλ)/(Δλ) between the channel width dλ and the distance between channels Δλ depends on the ratio Δx/ωo.
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Riesen, Nicolas, and John D. Love. "Spatial Mode Division Multiplexing of Few Mode Fiber." In European Conference and Exhibition on Optical Communication. OSA, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/eceoc.2012.p2.14.

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Kahn, Joseph M., and Keang-Po Ho. "Mode coupling effects in mode-division-multiplexed systems." In 2012 IEEE Photonics Society Summer Topical Meeting Series. IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/phosst.2012.6280773.

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Reports on the topic "Régulation du mode de division"

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Chamberlain, C. A., and K. Lochhead. Data modeling as applied to surveying and mapping data. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/331263.

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The Geodetic Survey Division of the Canada Centre for Surveying is replacing the National Geodetic Data Base (NGDB) with the National Geodetic Information System (NGIS). For the NGIS to be successful, it was recognized that a sound, well engineered data mode was essential. The methodology chosen to design the data mode! was Nijssen's Information Analysis Methodology (NIAM), a binary modeling technique that is supported by a Computer Aided Software Engineering (CASE) tool, PC-IAST. An NGIS prototype has also been developed using Digital Equipment of Canada's Relational Database (Rdb) management system and COGNOS Corporations POWERHOUSE 4th generation language. This paper addresses the need for, and the advantages of using a strong engineering approach to data modeling and describes the use of the NIAM methodology in NGIS development. The paper identifies the relationship between the data mode!, data structures, the design and development of a database and the use of automated tools for systems development. In conclusion, critical success factors for the continuation of the N.G.I.S. developments are identified and the benefits that will accrue are enumerated.
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Barg, Rivka, Erich Grotewold, and Yechiam Salts. Regulation of Tomato Fruit Development by Interacting MYB Proteins. United States Department of Agriculture, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7592647.bard.

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Background to the topic: Early tomato fruit development is executed via extensive cell divisions followed by cell expansion concomitantly with endoreduplication. The signals involved in activating the different modes of growth during fruit development are still inadequately understood. Addressing this developmental process, we identified SlFSM1 as a gene expressed specifically during the cell-division dependent stages of fruit development. SlFSM1 is the founder of a class of small plant specific proteins containing a divergent SANT/MYB domain (Barg et al 2005). Before initiating this project, we found that low ectopic over-expression (OEX) of SlFSM1 leads to a significant decrease in the final size of the cells in mature leaves and fruits, and the outer pericarp is substantially narrower, suggesting a role in determining cell size and shape. We also found the interacting partners of the Arabidopsis homologs of FSM1 (two, belonging to the same family), and cloned their tomato single homolog, which we named SlFSB1 (Fruit SANT/MYB–Binding1). SlFSB1 is a novel plant specific single MYB-like protein, which function was unknown. The present project aimed at elucidating the function and mode of action of these two single MYB proteins in regulating tomato fruit development. The specific objectives were: 1. Functional analysis of SlFSM1 and its interacting protein SlFSB1 in relation to fruit development. 2. Identification of the SlFSM1 and/or SlFSB1 cellular targets. The plan of work included: 1) Detailed phenotypic, histological and cellular analyses of plants ectopically expressing FSM1, and plants either ectopically over-expressing or silenced for FSB1. 2) Extensive SELEX analysis, which did not reveal any specific DNA target of SlFSM1 binding, hence the originally offered ChIP analysis was omitted. 3) Genome-wide transcriptional impact of gain- and loss- of SlFSM1 and SlFSB1 function by Affymetrix microarray analyses. This part is still in progress and therefore results are not reported, 4) Search for additional candidate partners of SlFSB1 revealed SlMYBI to be an alternative partner of FSB1, and 5) Study of the physical basis of the interaction between SlFSM1 and SlFSB1 and between FSB1 and MYBI. Major conclusions, solutions, achievements: We established that FSM1 negatively affects cell expansion, particularly of those cells with the highest potential to expand, such as the ones residing inner to the vascular bundles in the fruit pericarp. On the other hand, FSB1 which is expressed throughout fruit development acts as a positive regulator of cell expansion. It was also established that besides interacting with FSM1, FSB1 interacts also with the transcription factor MYBI, and that the formation of the FSB1-MYBI complex is competed by FSM1, which recognizes in FSB1 the same region as MYBI does. Based on these findings a model was developed explaining the role of this novel network of the three different MYB containing proteins FSM1/FSB1/MYBI in the control of tomato cell expansion, particularly during fruit development. In short, during early stages of fruit development (Phase II), the formation of the FSM1-FSB1 complex serves to restrict the expansion of the cells with the greatest expansion potential, those non-dividing cells residing in the inner mesocarp layers of the pericarp. Alternatively, during growth phase III, after transcription of FSM1 sharply declines, FSB1, possibly through complexing with the transcription factor MYBI serves as a positive regulator of the differential cell expansion which drives fruit enlargement during this phase. Additionally, a novel mechanism was revealed by which competing MYB-MYB interactions could participate in the control of gene expression. Implications, both scientific and agricultural: The demonstrated role of the FSM1/FSB1/MYBI complex in controlling differential cell growth in the developing tomato fruit highlights potential exploitations of these genes for improving fruit quality characteristics. Modulation of expression of these genes or their paralogs in other organs could serve to modify leaf and canopy architecture in various crops.
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Mode of Transportation to Work, 2006: Public Transportation (by census division). Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/300991.

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Mode of Transportation to Work, 2001: Public Transportation (by census division). Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/301003.

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Mode of Transportation to Work, 2006: Walked or Bicycled (by census division). Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/300989.

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Mode of Transportation to Work, 2006: All Other Modes (by census division). Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/300997.

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Mode of Transportation to Work, 2001: Walked or Bicycled (by census division). Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/300999.

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Mode of Transportation to Work, 2001: All Other Modes (by census division). Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/301007.

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Mode of Transportation to Work, 2006: Car, Truck or Van as Passenger (by census division). Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/300993.

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Mode of Transportation to Work, 2006: Car, Truck or Van as Driver (by census division). Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/300995.

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