Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Régulation ciblée de la transcription'
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Mateescu, Bogdan. "Ciblage et régulation du facteur HP1 sur la chromatine." Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066203.
Full textBerodes, Maëlle. "Étude de l'importance de la phosphorylation sur l'activité transcriptionnelle du facteur de transcription GATA4 sur certains promoteurs cibles." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/23448.
Full textLagha, Mounia. "Régulation du destin musculaire chez l'embryon de souris : les cibles de Pax3." Paris 7, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA077156.
Full textIn the mouse embryo, Pax3, which encodes a paired and homeodomain transcription factor, regulates the entry of muscle progenitor cells into the myogenic program and ensures their survival. In order to identify Pax3 targets in vivo in the myogenic context, we decided to focus on a subpopulation of Pax3+ cells, namely the muscle progenitors that migrate to the forelimb bud, which, at El0. 5, are not yet differentiated. We have used the Pax3GFP/+ allele to directly isolate a pure population of muscle progenitor cells by FACS sorting and analyzed their transcriptome by comparing Pax3GFP/+ to Pax3PAX3~FKHR/GFP cells where Pax3 targets genes are up-regulated. This screen led to the identification of 200 putative Pax3 target genes, 3 of which have been validated and further analysed. First, we have shown that the FGF signaling pathway is regulated by Pax3, notably through the direct activation of the gene encoding the Fgfr4 receptor and the intracellular inhibitor Sproutyl. We propose that Pax3 orchestrates the effects of the FGF signaling pathway to modulate the balance between a progenitor state and a differentiated state. Second, we establish that Pax3 and Foxc2 repress each other through a negative feedback loop,/with important consequences for myogenesis when this loop is perturbed. We propose that this equilibrium is required for cell fate choices in the dermomyotome. Third, the gene encoding the transmembrane protein Itm2a is directly regulated by Pax3 and its function during development has been studied by generating an Itm2a conditional allele, with potentially interesting results on somite integrity in the mutant embryos
Steunou, Anne-Lise. "Régulation de l'expression génique dans les mélanomes : implication des facteurs de transcription N Oct-3 et HIF." Toulouse 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010TOU30207.
Full textN Oct-3 (Brn-2 / POU3F2) is a master gene of melanoma proliferation. However, the molecular mechanisms associated with N Oct-3 induced melanoma proliferation are still not well understood. In collaboration with Dr L. Larue’s team at Marie Curie Institute in Orsay, I have demonstrated the role of this protein and particularly the phosphorylation of its DNA binding domain on the proliferation in melanocyte lineage proliferation and elucidated the molecular mechanisms associated with this process. Moreover, in collaboration with Dr I. Davidson’s team from the Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology in Illkirch, I have participated to the exhaustive analysis of N Oct-3 target genes in the 501-mel melanoma cell line. Furthermore, during my Ph. D. , I have also deal with transcription factors induced by hypoxia known as HIF (Hypoxia Inducible Factor) proteins. These proteins play a crucial role in angiogenesis and are involved in numerous pathologies as cancers and in particular melanomas. In order to characterize transcriptional complexes involving HIF-2 protein, I used a proteomic approach to identify nuclear protein partners of HIF-2 in melanomas. Our data revealed new interesting partners of HIF-2 protein like the transcription factors MITF and SOX10, two factors demonstrated as essential regulators of gene expression in melanomas, as well as Béta-catenin, a central protein of the Wnt/Béta-catenin pathway deregulated in more than 30% of melanomas
Devidal, Audrey. "Mécanismes et fonctions du ciblage centrométrique de NF-E2p18/MafK, sous-unité du facteur transcriptionnel érythroide NF-E2." Paris 7, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA077133.
Full textYi, Jia. "The Role of Convergent Transcription in Regulating Alternative Splicing : Targeted Epigenetic Modification via Repurposed CRISPR/Cas9 System and Its Impact on Alternative Splicing Modulation." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUS382.
Full textAlternative splicing of precursor RNA is a co-transcriptional process that affects the vast majority of human genes and contributes to protein diversity. Dysregulation of such process is implicated in various diseases, including tumorigenesis. However, the mechanisms regulating these processes were still to be characterized. In this study, we showed that perturbations of alternative splicing correlated with dysregulations of convergent transcription and DNA methylation. Convergent transcription could be generated between pairs of neighboring genes in opposite orientation, or between intragenic enhancers and their host gene. CENPO and ADCY3 was identified as a convergent transcription gene pair. We found, in a tumor progression model of breast cancer, that the splicing change of the ADCY3 variant exon22 correlated with an increase of its transcription that went against that of CENPO. By using targeted transcription repression system CRISPRi, we demonstrated that downregulating the transcription of CENPO could not reverse the alternative splicing alteration of ADCY3 in cancer cells (DCIS). An active intragenic enhancer was identified in the intron16 of CD44, at the downstream of its alternative exons. By using targeted transcription activation system CRISPRa, we showed that upregulating the transcription of CD44 could not alter the alternative splicing of CD44 in DCIS cells. These results suggest that convergent transcription modulation through changes of promoter activity does not alter the alternative splicing of ADCY3 and CD44 in DCIS cells. However, through replacing the intragenic enhancer by an inducible promoter, we found that intragenic transcription activation increased the inclusion level of several alternative exons of CD44 in HCT116 cells. This result suggested that local convergent transcription could have a direct impact on the alternative splicing of CD44. Furthermore, by using targeted DNA methylation system CRISPR/dCas9-DNMT3b, we showed that DNA methylation at variant exons could directly modify CD44 alternative splicing. This thesis work also explored the limitation and feasibility of studying alternative splicing with repurposed CRISPR systems
Jangal, Maïka. "Implication de TLE3 et KDM5A dans la régulation de la transcription des gènes cibles du récepteur des œstrogènes ERα." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/8952.
Full textMarques, Maud. "Étude de la régulation de l'expression de gènes cibles du récepteur aryl hydrocarbone dans des cellules cancéreuses de la glande mammaire." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6557.
Full textBouchard, Marie France. "Fonctions aberrantes des facteurs de transcription GATA chez l'humain : régulation de l'expression ectopique du gène CYP19A1 par GATA 3/4 dans les cellules de cancer du sein et effet des mutations ponctuelle de GATA4 sur la régulation de ses gènes cibles gonadiques." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/21206.
Full textTaffin, de Tilques Mathilde de. "Contrôle transcriptionnel de l'identité musculaire chez la drosophile : modules cis-régulateurs et gènes cibles directs de Collier." Toulouse 3, 2013. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2232/.
Full textThe COE (Collier/Early B cell Factor) family is a metazoan-specific family of transcription factors (TF) that are involved in the control of numerous biological processes, including hematopoiesis, neurogenesis and muscle identity. Mutant analysis of COE TFs across several organisms showed defects in the specification of different cell types, like neuron subtypes or, in mammalians, B lymphocytes and brown adipocytes. However, the COE target genes are mostly unknown. Drosophila (fruit fly) is an excellent model to study the functional diversity of COE TFs. The core of my PhD work was the identification of Collier direct target genes in the DA3 muscle lineage, and the characterization of the corresponding CRM to better understand how COE proteins activate specific target genes in a tissue-dependent manner. I performed chromatin immuno-precipitation on whole embryos followed by systematic sequencing of the immuno-precipitated fragments (ChIPseq). By bio-informatics, I identified Col in vivo binding motif and showed that Col binding in vivo is context-dependent. Several candidate genes were validated by in situ hybridizations and functional analysis of the Col binding CRM. TF are over-represented among these targets. All together, the results reveal an unexpected complexity of gene regulatory networks that control muscle identity in Drosophila and confirm the critical role for Col in several transcription regulatory networks in the embryo. Considering the evolutionary conservation of COE proteins and their in vivo DNA binding properties, these results bring new insight into the complexity of COE function in other organisms, including mammals
Firlej, Virginie. "Facteurs de transcription du groupe PEA3 et cancérogenèse mammaire : modèles d'inhibition de l'expression, études phénotypiques et recherche de gènes cibles." Lille 1, 2006. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2006/50376-2006-Firlej.pdf.
Full textInjectées en sous-cutané à des souris immunodéficientes, ces même cellules induisent la formation de tumeurs de taille réduite par rapport aux cellules contrôles, confinnant l'implication des facteurs du groupe PEA3 dans les événements conduisant à la cancérogenèse. La caracténsation de la régulation du gène bax par les facteurs du groupe PEA3 a permis de mettre en évidence un nouveau mode de régulation non encore décrit pour ces facteurs, impliquant une interaction avec le facteur USF-I sans liaison directe des facteurs PEA3 à l'ADN. Celle des deux autres gènes cibles cycline D2 et p55cdc est en cours. La modulation de leur expression a été confirmée dans les modèles cellulaires de répression de l'expression des facteurs Erm et Pea3. L'étude de leur région promotrice a permis de définir des sites de régulation dont la caractérisation reste à affiner. La mise au point des différents modèles dans lesquels l'expression des membres du groupe PEA3 est modulée nous a conduit à initier une recherche plus complète des cibles moléculaires des facteurs Erm et Pea3 par utilisation de micro-arrays (Applied Biosystems) avec pour but la corrélation avec les modifications phénotypiques liées à la modulation de l'expression des facteurs du groupe PEA3
VIEU, Erwann. "DISSECTION DU MÉCANISME DE TERMINAISON/ANTITERMINAISON AU NIVEAU DU TERMINATEUR TRI DU PHAGE LAMBDA : APPLICATION A L'ÉTUDE DES COMPLEXES ARN-PROTÉINE IN VIVO." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00009769.
Full textLa, Houssaye Guillaume de. "Le facteur de transcription ets-1 : implication dans le développement du néoplasme oculaire et identification de ses cibles biologiques." Paris 7, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA077011.
Full textGrans, Julia. "Étude de la régulation transcriptionnelle de Mlxipl par RFX6 et identification des gènes cibles dans les cellules bêta pancréatiques." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAJ013.
Full textPancreatic endocrine function is critical for glucose homeostasis because pancreatic islets contain the only cells of the body, the beta cells, capable of producing and secreting insulin. The transcription factor RFX6 is maintained in all mature islet cells and is as an essential regulator of beta cell development, identity and function. In humans, RFX6 mutations cause Mitchell-Riley syndrome, a developmental disorder characterized by neonatal diabetes and malformations of the digestive tract. The search for RFX6 targets in murine islets revealed that the transcription factor Mlxipl is directly regulated by RFX6. In this thesis, we investigated the mechanism of Mlxipl transcriptional regulation by RFX6, and the respective roles of RFX6 and its downstream target MLXIPL in adult beta cells. We demonstrated that RFX6 binds to the first intron of Mlxipl that contains a critical RFX binding motif (xbox), and we identified cofactors of this process. By comparing the changes in the transcriptomes linked to the loss of RFX6 or MLXIPL in the pancreatic beta cell line Ins-1 832/13 and the glucose level, we determined the genetic programs controlled by RFX6 and MLXIPL
Bouchard, Marie-France. "Fonctions aberrantes des facteurs de transcription GATA chez l'humain : régulation de l'expression ectopique du gène CYP19A1 par GATA3/4 dans les cellules de cancer du sein et effet des mutations ponctuelles de GATA4 sur la régulation de ses gènes cibles gonadiques." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26555/26555.pdf.
Full textGilbert, Marie. "Etude des mécanismes moléculaires impliqués dans la régulation de TTF-1 et recherche de nouvelles cibles thérapeutiques dans le carcinome papillaire de la thyroïde : rôle de l'oncogène RET/PTC1 et de la voie Wnt/Bêta-caténine." Paris 11, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA114827.
Full textThe papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) represents 80% of thyroid tumors and is characterized by a RET/PTC1 fusion oncogene (60-70% of cases) and the expression of the TTF-1 transcription factor. This factor leads to the expression of specific proteins of the thyroid as thyroglobulin and is found in many papillary cancers. The Wnt /β-catenin pathway is particularly studied because of its multiple roles in particular during development. It has also been extensively studied in many cancers and plays a fundamental role. These pathways were the subject of the work and the aim of the thesis was to show their roles and justify a targeted therapeutic approach. Our studies show that TTF-1 gene is regulated by the Wnt /β-catenin pathway in the PTC. In addition, we designed a specific and effective siRNA against the RET/PTC1 junction. The siRNA was vectorized with nanoparticles of squalene for a therapeutic use. We also showed that the siRNA induce TTF-1 expression and could be considered in the case of its therapeutic use in aggressive or resistant PTC
Gosselin, Pauline. "Analyses structurales et fonctionnelles des interactions entre elF4E et ses partenaires." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00829452.
Full textGosselin, Pauline. "Analyses structurales et fonctionnelles des interactions entre elF4E et ses partenaires." Phd thesis, Paris 6, 2012. http://hal.upmc.fr/tel-00829452.
Full textThe control of mRNA translation is a complex process that is critical for gene expression during development and many physiological processes. During translation initiation in eukaryotes, the Initiation Factor 4E (eIF4E) binds the cap structure of the mRNA and recruits the large scaffolding protein eIF4G to form the initiation complex, step that is often the major site of protein synthesis control. Interaction between eIF4E and eIF4G is targeted by the small translational repressor 4E-BP and other specific eIF4E-interacting partners (4E-IPs), which share with eIF4G a similar eIF4E-binding motif and compete for eIF4E to modulate its functions at different levels. Commonly, the repressor 4E-BP is described as a completely disordered protein, even in its eIF4E-bound state. In the present work, we showed that 4E-BP adopts in fact a folded structure when it interacts with eIF4E, establishing fuzzy and dynamic contacts that involve a larger binding footprint of 4E-BP on eIF4E. These results brought new insight into the mechanisms involved in the interaction between eIF4E and its partners, and emphasized the role of structural studies to develop new therapies, particularly in cancer treatments. During my thesis, we also developed a new approach that combines structural, in silico and biochemical analyses to find novel 4E-IPs. Among the new putative 4E-IPs, we characterized Angel1, a protein related to a family of deadenylases. All together, these results have opened up new perspectives in term of mRNA metabolism and specific regulations that target eIF4E
Delestré, Laure. "Régulation transcriptionnelle du gène RHOH et potentielles cibles de la protéine dans différents modèles hématopoïétiques normaux et leucémiques." Phd thesis, Université du Droit et de la Santé - Lille II, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00612958.
Full textSaillant, Vincent. "Comprendre le mécanisme du système senseur d’hème des bactéries pathogènes, une cible antibiotique innovante A novel Enterococcus faecalis heme transport regulator (FhtR) is a heme sensor in the gastrointestinal tract." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASB023.
Full textHeme, a porphyrin containing an iron atom, is an essential cofactor of several bacterial functions. Heme is also toxic because of the reactivity of the iron generating reactive oxygen species. One of the main mechanisms of heme detoxification, in Gram-positive bacteria, relies on the expression of a heme efflux ABC transporter, HrtBA. The regulation of this transporter has been investigated in two opportunistic pathogens, Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus, two bacteria responsible for multiresistant nosocomial infections. In E. faecalis, a new TetR family regulator, FhtR, has been identified and characterized. The FhtR dependent transcriptional inhibition of hrtBA is lifted by its binding to heme. FhtR controls the intracellular heme pools as showed par the activity of the endogenous heme dependent catalase, KatA. FhtR is thus a master regulator of heme intracellular homeostasis in E. faecalis. In a mouse model of intestinal transit, HrtBA is expressed, demonstrating the relevance of this system in the gastrointestinal tract where E. faecalis is a commensal resident. In S. aureus, hrtBA transcription is controled by the two-component system, HssRS. The study of the mechanism of the membrane heme sensor HssS showed that the intracytoplasmic of the histidine kinase was responsible of the binding and heme signal transduction for HrtBA expression. Alltogether, these results demonstrate that while HrtBA is conserved among Gram positive bacteria, the regulating mechanisms leading to its expression are varied. This suggests that the host heme response is dependent of the bacteria lifestyle and underlies the importance of this cofactor in the host-pathogen relationship. Inhibiting heme effux by HrtBA or the heme sensing mechanisms could lead to new antibiotic strategies
Strasser, Perrine. "Rôle du facteur de transcription RFX6 dans la différenciation et la fonction des cellules β sécrétrices d'insuline : identification et étude de gènes cibles." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAJ088.
Full textGlucose homeostasis regulation in the body is the main function of insulin secreting beta cells in the endocrine pancreas. The winged-helix transcription factor RFX6 has recently been identified as a new pancreatic endocrine differentiation regulator, downstream of Ngn3,in zebra fish, mouse and human. Moreover, several Rfx6 mutations in humans were discovered and linked to the Mitchell Riley syndrome, which is characterized by neonatal diabetes, intestinal atresia and malabsorption. My thesis consisted of using an approach combining transcriptomic analysis in mouse and the identification of RFX6 target genes in a beta cell line as well as in pancreatic islets. This work has demonstrated the crucial role of RFX6 in maintaining beta cell identity and function. For the first time, RFX6 target genes were identified in vivo as well as the whole repertoire of directly regulated RFX6 target genesin beta cells, which were previously unidentified in the beta cell line. These studies have also shown that Mlxipl is a main RFX6 regulated target gene in mice and human. Overall, this work has allowed the clear identification of RFX6 target genes, thus contributing inunderstanding the role of this crucial transcription factor in the differentiation and function of insulin secreting beta cells
Léger, Amandine. "Analyse fonctionnelle d'AtMYB30, un régulateur transcriptionnel impliqué dans la mort cellulaire hypersensible chez Arabidopsis thaliana." Toulouse 3, 2010. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/864/.
Full textThe molecular mechanisms underlying the Hypersensitive Response ( HR), a form of programmed cell death generally associated with the plant resistance, remain poorly understood. AtMYB30, a member of the family of MYB transcriptionnal factors, was identified on the basis of its specific, rapid and transient expression during the first stages of the HR in Arabidopsis thaliana. Furthermore, genetic and molecular approaches showed that AtMYB30 is a positive regulator of the HR. From these data and to further understand the mode of action of AtMYB30, three major questions were addressed in my thesis work : i) what are the direct targets of AtMYB30, ii) what about role of a close homolog of AtMYB30, AtMYB96? And iii) What role for AtMYB30 in cell death lipid signaling? Thus the regulatory role of AtMYB30 has been revealed in the generation of cell death signals via the activation of its target genes, belonging to the VLCFA (Very Long Chain Fatty Acid) biosynthesis pathway. Besides, the role of AtMYB96 was determined, acting through interaction with AtMYB30 and able to collaborate for the control of the hypersensitive cell death program at Arabidopsis thaliana
Delest, Anna. "Ciblage dynamique et différentiel des complexes Polycomb au cours du développement de Drosophila melanogaster." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON13520.
Full textPolycomb group (PcG) proteins are an evolutionarily conserved set of chromatin regulators implicated in stable long-term homeotic gene silencing. PcG proteins additionally bind and regulate genes implicated in cell cycle control or cellular fate determination, suggesting that PcG proteins can be involved in more dynamic regulation of target genes. Recent studies in Drosophila eye imaginal discs showed that PcG proteins can control cellular proliferation by repression of signalling genes, and that abrogation of this process promotes tumours. Interestingly, one of the regulated genes was not found to be a PcG target in embryonic tissues, suggesting that PcG-mediated gene regulation is dynamic throughout development. To gain a comprehensive view of the targeting of PcG proteins throughout development and to understand its role during tissue differentiation, we performed ChIP experiments in eye and wing imaginal discs for components of the PcG complex, PRC1, and the repressive histone mark H3K27me3 (deposited by the PcG complex, PRC2). Compared to embryo datasets, we find many novel PcG target genes, several with tissue-specific recruitment in eye or wing discs. Furthermore, we report new classes of PcG target genes based on their ChIP profiles, which may have implications for their modes of regulation. For example, some genes are bound only by PRC1 components (Pc, Ph), without the presence of H3K27me3, or vice versa, indicating that these complexes may play more independent roles in gene regulation than previously appreciated
Vigneault, François. "Régulation génique par les facteurs de transcription NFI." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25325/25325.pdf.
Full textSii, Felice Karine. "Régulation par phosphorylation du facteur de transcription MafA." Paris 7, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA077081.
Full textDegerny, Cindy. "Sumoylation et régulation de l'activité de transcription ERM." Lille 1, 2007. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2007/50376-2007-69.pdf.
Full textHamdane, Abdelatif Nourdine. "Étude du rôle du facteur de transcription UBF dans la régulation de la transcription ribosomale "in vivo"." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25768.
Full textRibosomal biogenesis starts with transcription of ribosomal RNA (rRNA). Nucleolus structure, ribosomes formation and recruitment of hundreds of proteins and snoRNAs Small Nucleolar Ribonucleic Acid essential for ribosomal biogenesis depend on transcription of rRNA. Human and mouse haploid genomes contain around 200 copies of rDNA genes on the short arms of five acrocentric chromosomes. These loci correspond to the NORs Nucleolar Organizer Regions and stay undercondensed during mitosis as compared with the rest of the chromosomes. At the beginning of each cell cycle, nucleoli are reformed around rDNA genes. rDNA genes are transcribed by RNA polymerase I, which requires the formation of the PIC. Two RNA polymerase I basal transcription factors were identified; SL1 Selectivity Factor 1 and UBF Upstream Binding Factor. The SL1 complex contains the TBP TATA-box Binding Protein protein and the TAF TBP-Associated Factor allowing the promoter sequences recognition on rDNA genes. Data suggest that UBF is an architectural factor that allows the formation of a nucleoproteic structure, the enhancesome, in which a UBF dimer forms a DNA loop of 360° of almost 140 bp of DNA and in this way aids PIC formation. However, UBF has also been implicated in the regulation of transcription elongation. But whether or not UBF actually performs either of these functions in vivo, or indeed is even essential for the transcription of the rRNA genes at all is still unknown. To resolve this fundamental question we have generated mice and mouse cells conditionally lacking the single copy Ubf gene. Inactivation of the Ubf gene in mouse leads to developmental arrest at morula stage, this revealing the factor's importance for cell proliferation and embryonic development. Conditional inactivation of Ubf gene in cell culture leads to shut-down of ribosomal transcription, to failure of PIC formation loss on rDNA genes, to a DNA methylation-independent inactivation of rDNA genes, to nucleolus structure alteration and to the formation of a sub-nuclear structure containing the initiation of transcription and the processing factors lacking the NORs. Conditional inactivation of Ubf gene in cells leads to a proliferation cell arrest and to a p53-independent apoptosis exclusively in oncogenically transformed cells, suggesting that UBF could represent a unique target for chemotherapy.
Valbuzzi, Thierry. "Rôle de la protéine HuR et de ses gènes cibles dans le carcinome hépatocellulaire." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR21788/document.
Full textHuR is a RNA binding protein that controls gene expression at post-transcriptional level. In the cytoplasm, HuR modulates the stability and capacity of mRNA translation upon which it binds. Our results show that HuR is overexpressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and in human HCC cell lines in culture. HuR is abnormally found in the cytoplasm of liver tumor cells, and contribute to their proliferation. By combining the global analysis of genes regulated by the extinction of HuR, the mRNAs associated with HuR and the transcriptome of human HCC, we identified two genes whose expression is regulated by HuR. These genes are under-expressed in HCC tissues and participate in the development of cancerous phenotype (resistance to apoptosis, cell proliferation, invasion ,...)
Bourriquen, Gaëlle. "La régulation de la transcription dans les cellules cancéreuses." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27260.
Full textHuman chromatin, that contain both DNA and numerous binding proteins, is the target of a dynamic and functional multi-scaled compaction, which leads to the regulation of biologic processes as gene expression. In order to define and maintain cellular functions, transcriptional and structural regulatory proteins act together to orchestrate the different genes expression programs. Transcription factors function in a combinatorial and hierarchical manner on regulatory elements within the genome, which are able to generate large topological loops to specifically regulate a target promoter in the right temporal frame. The general co-activator Mediator functions as a center for proper transduction of the transcriptional input, physically connecting regulatory proteins to the transcriptional machinery, to generate a calibrated biological response. Cohesin is implicated into the formation and stabilization of genomic connections at multi-scaled tri-dimensional resolution, which functional features are beginning to be elucidated. Together, transcription factors, Mediator and Cohesin control expression programs that enable the maintenance of cellular identities. Cancerous cells often show deregulations at the transcriptional level, which lead to aberrant expression programs. We demonstrated that regulatory mechanisms, controlling transcription in cancerous cells, obey to the same rules that in normal cells and are conserved, then enable the characterization of key transcription factors that drive cancer progression. We applied this discovery to hormonal resistance in breast cancers. Our results suggest that AP-1 family could be involved into the acquisition of this more aggressive phenotype, by transcriptionally bypassing the drug effects. We proposed that a model for aggressiveness in cancer cells could be through their adaptation to transcriptional treatments, leading to a modulation of key important transcription factors driving transcriptional programs within the cells.
Ouararhni, Khalid. "Régulation épigénétique de la transcription par les variants d'histones." Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA11T016.
Full textFauquier, Lucas. "Régulation de la transcription par l'arginine méthyltransférase CARM1/PRMT4." Toulouse 3, 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/439/.
Full textChromatin remodelling and modifying enzymes play a major role in numerous biological processes including transcription regulation. The arginine methyltransfearse CARM1/PRMT4 methylates specifically histone H3 N-terminal tail as well as others proteins and plays a key role in nuclear receptors-dependent transcriptional regulation. Here we show that CARM1 is implicated in transcriptional regulation dependent upon others transcription factors, such as E2F-1 or the CIITA transactivator. Finally, we demonstrate that CARM1 also regulates c-Fos-dependent gene expression both at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional level. Hence, our results suggest a role for CARM1 in gene expression regulation implicated in different pathways
Gissot, Mathieu. "Etude de la régulation transcriptionnelle des gènes lors du cycle érythrocytaire de Plasmodium falciparum : implication des acteurs de la régulation transcriptionnelle dans les évènements clefs du cycle érythrocytaire." Paris 6, 2005. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00008492.
Full textSultan, Islam. "La construction du réseau de régulation transcriptionnelle." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS184/document.
Full textThis PhD project takes place in List MAPS, a Horizon 2020-funded Marie Curie Actions InnovativeTraining Network (ITN) with the goal of understandingof the ecology of Listeria monocytogenesthrough the combination of high throughput Epigenetics, Deep sequencing of transcripts, Proteomics, Bioinformatics, Mathematics and Microbiology. Acentralobjective of the ITN is to decipher the mechanismsunderlying adaptation and virulence of L. monocytogenes“from farm to fork”.This PhD project (subproject9) aims to tackle the task of transcription regulatorynetwork construction. A significant part of regulationat the transcriptional level is achieved by modulationof transcription initiation rate. In bacteria, transcriptioninitiation relies on recognition of particular sequencemotif by a Sigma-factor approximately 10 bpupstream of the transcription start site (TSS) and ismodulated by the binding of transcription factors recognizingother sequence motifs located nearby. RNASeqtranscriptomics provides direct information on therepertoire of TSSs and transcription units and therebyoffers renewed perspectives to address the problemof transcription factor binding sites identification. Thegoal of this PhD project is to assess existing toolsand to develop new methods for prediction of TF bindingsites by combining expression profiles and preciseinformation on the location of the TSSs. Severalapproaches based on position weight matrix (PWM)models will be investigated to extend the classicalmixture model by relaxing the hypothesis that motifscorresponding to different TF binding sites occur independentlybetween TSS regions.In the new model,we will explicitly account for the increased probabilityof occurrence of a same motif in two promoters whentheir profiles of activity across conditions are similar. A particular attention will also be paid to the positionof the motif with respect to the TSS and the sigmafactor binding site. In parallel to the methodologicaldevelopments we will also work on the use of theseapproaches to build the transcription regulatory networkof L. monocytogenes based on data form theliterature and from the List MAPS project. Finally, wewish to use the information on the regulatory networkto tackle a particular point relevant for the List MAPSproject using a dedicated model
Louis-Plence, Pascale. "Régulation transcriptionnelle de l'expression des gènes HLA-DR." Montpellier 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994MON1T026.
Full textLauzier, Marie-Claude. "Régulation de l'activité des facteurs de transcription induits par l'hypoxie." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26884/26884.pdf.
Full textHypoxia-inducible transcription factors (HIF) are decisive elements in the transcriptional regulation of numerous genes expressed in conditions of hypoxic stress. In addition to their roles in many physiological and cellular processes, HIF are also involved in diverse pathological situations. Obligate heterodimers composed of a constitutive β subunit and of an oxygen tension-regulated α subunit, these transcription factors are mainly regulated by the hydroxylation and subsequent degradation of the α subunit. In hypoxia, this degradation mechanism is inhibited, resulting in HIF complex formation and binding to specific DNA sequences. The work presented in this thesis aims to elucidate regulatory mechanisms involved in HIF activation during hypoxia or in normal oxygen conditions. In the Results section, you will find a study devoted to HIF activation by angiotensin II (Ang II) in vascular smooth muscle cells. Specifically, the role of receptor tyrosine kinase transactivation on HIF activation was evaluated along with a description of HIF-1’s role in smooth muscle cells biology. Next, an inhibitor of matrix metalloproteases, BiPS, will be presented as a novel and potent HIF activator. This unexpected effect may have important implications for the use of this compound for its angiostatic potential in cancer treatment. In addition, BiPS and derivative molecules could also have strong therapeutic potential in ischemic diseases. Finally, you will find a section devoted to the study of a new transcriptional repressor of HIF complexes, the histone acetyltransferase bound to ORC-1, HBO1. Surprisingly, HBO1 represses the activity of HIF complexes by a mechanism independent of the availability of the α subunits, but dependent on a chromatin remodelling event. In conclusion, this thesis highlights new regulatory mechanisms responsible for HIF activation. Considering the important physiological roles of HIF complexes and their implications in the pathogenesis of different diseases, these studies increase the available knowledge concerning the biological functions of these complexes and could contribute to the development of more effective and safe therapeutic tools.
Kautzmann, Marie Audrey. "Régulation transcriptionnelle du facteur de transcription spécifique des bâtonnets, Nrl." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00790423.
Full textKautzmann, Marie audrey. "Régulation transcriptionnelle du facteur de transcription spécifique des bâtonnets, Nrl." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012STRAJ060/document.
Full textThe Neural Retina Leucine zipper transcription factor (Nrl) plays a central role in rod photoreceptor development and homeostasis, by activating the expression of rod-specific genes such as the visual photopigment, Rhodopsin. Nrlhave been also associated with Retinitis Pigmentosa, making this gene an interesting model for understanding genetic programs controlling photoreceptors development and homeostasis.This thesis work aimed at characterizing regulatory mechanisms of Nr/ expression during retinal development. Using in vivo electroporation of reporter vectors carrying distinct portions of Nrlpromoter into neonatal mouse retina, we identified minimal sequences required for expression photoreceptors-specific expression. We identified RORI3 as being required for this expression and showed that OTX2, CRX and CREB transcription factors also directly bind to the defined regulatory regions.We designed a novel adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector containing a minimal Nrl promoter fragment of 0.3 kb, and showed that it is well-suited for gene delivery specifically into photoreceptors.We also showed that NRL, CRX, and NR2E3, the main transcriptional regulators of Rhodopsin, display rhythmic expression over 24 h. and that Nrl might undergo cyclic activation by RORB which is part of the photoreceptor circadian clock. Finally, we investigated the role of a novel Rhodopsin transcriptional regulator, NonO, identified in theRhodopsin proximal promoter region. We demonstrated that NonO co-activates Rhodopsin promoter along with NRL and CRX. By knocking down this gene during retinal development we provided evidence for its role in rod development and homeostasis
Le, Bott Olivier. "Les protéines de la régulation de la transcription des gènes." Paris 5, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA05P057.
Full textGachon, Frédéric. "Régulation de la transcription par l'oncoprotéine Tax de HTLV-I." Montpellier 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MON1T007.
Full textPrévôt, Déborah. "Protéines de la famille BTG et régulation de la transcription." Lyon 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LYO1T159.
Full textArgaud, Déborah. "Étude de la régulation transcriptionnelle au locus ENPP2." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/40224.
Full textPasquet, Stéphanie. "Etude de la régulation transcriptionnelle du gène alpha-tropomyosine dans les cellules musculaires." Bordeaux 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BOR21036.
Full textWe have studied the transcriptional regulation of alpha-tropomyosin (α-TM) gene, in smooth, skeletal and cardiac muscle cells in culture. The regulatory sequences, C-rich and MCAT enhance transcription of the α-TM gene in the three muscle types. TEF-1 trans-factor plays a major role in the transcriptional regulation in the three muscle types, by binding to MCAT sequence. SRF factor seems to be involved, directly and indirectly, in the transcription activation of the gene. SRF could act indirectly in smooth and cardiac muscle cells, by enhancing TEF-1 binding, and directly in skeletal muscle cells, by binding to a CarG box. The role of TEF-1 and SRF factors could be related to their subcellular localization in smooth muscle cells
Allègre-Cultot, Jennifer. "Analyse de la régulation du facteur de transcription E2F1 par cIAP1." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017UBFCI013/document.
Full textThe cellular inhibitor of Apoptosis 1 (cIAP1) behaves as an E3 ubiquitin ligase and has oncogenic properties. Previously, our team has shown that cIAP1 can regulate the E2F1 transcription factor activity. My research project has been focused on deepening our current knowledge on this interaction. Firstly, we characterized the E2F1-cIAP1 interaction, then we analyzed the regulation of E2F1 by cIAP1 and finally assessed the importance of the cIAP1-E2F1 interaction for the oncogenic properties of cIAP1. I have demonstrated a interaction of E2F1 with the hydrophobic pocket of the BIR3 domain of cIAP1. Moreover, I highlighted that the alpha 1 helix of the BIR3 domain is mandatory for the stability of this pocket. Moreover, we discovered an ubiquitination on lysine 161 and 164 of E2F1 by cIAP1. This ubiquitination is essential for the stability and transcriptional activity of E2F1. Finally, it appears that the cIAP1 BIR1 domain that is required for the interaction with TRAF2 is involved in its oncogenic properties
Bongrand, Clotilde. "Régulation de la transcription par l'activité de sécrétion chez Shigella flexneri." Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA077084.
Full textThe type III secretion System of Shigella flexneri, the bacterium responsible for bacillary dysentery in human, is activated upon contact with host cells, inducing transcription of some effector-ehcoding genes. This régulation involves interactions between an AraC family transcriptional activator (MxiE), a co-activator (IpgC), two anti-co-activators (IpaB and IpaC), an anti-activator (OspDl) and a co-anti-activator (SpalS). In condition ofnon-secretion, MxiE is associated with OspD:Spal5 and IpgC is associated independently with IpaB and IpaC. The sécrétion of OspDl, IpaB and IpaC allows MxiE and IpgC to interact and activate transcription oftarget genes. To study of interactions involving MxiE and its partners, we constructed plasmids encoding MxïE(full-length or each domain) fused to the Maltose Binding Protein and OspDl or IpgC fused to, a poly-His tag. Co-purification experiments showed that each domain of MxiE can interact with IpgC and OspDl. Aggregation of MxiE was documented by gel filtration and static or dynamic Hght scattering studies and did not allow us to détermine the stoichiometry of these complexes. For the study of the target promoter regions, the MxiE box and 5' untranslated regions (5'UTR), we constructed plasmids in which the reporter gene lacZ was under the control of these elements. Determination of β-galactosidase activity, in condition of secretion or not, allowed us to measure the strength of different promoters, to determined nucleotides essential for their activation and to identify stabilizing secondary structures in some 5'UTR
Diring, Jessica. "Mécanismes moléculaires de la régulation fonctionnelle du facteur de transcription ATF7." Strasbourg, 2010. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/restreint/theses_doctorat/2010/DIRING_Jessica_2010.pdf.
Full textATF7 transcription factor is a member of the b-Zip family that heterodimerizes with Jun/Fos oncoproteins, binds to CRE (cAMP response element) or TRE (TPA response element) promoter elements and regulates the expression of specific cellular and viral genes. This study leads to a better insight into the molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of ATF7 transcriptional activity. Phosphorylation and sumoylation are post-translational modifications that are implicated in this control by targeting the activation domain of the protein. Our results indicate that upon EGF stimulation, ATF7 gets phosphorylated by p38-bêta2 MAP kinase, which promotes its interaction with the transcription preinitiation complex, leading to the activation of gene expression. We also identified and characterized a new short alternatively spliced variant of ATF7 encoding a cytoplasmic protein, ATF7-4. The latter is highly conserved amongst mammalian species and regulates the activity of ATF7 and its paralog ATF2 under non-stressed conditions by retaining in the cytoplasm a kinase that is essential for their activity. ATF7-4 degradation is a prerequisite for the release of this kinase and the subsequent activation of ATF7/2 under stressed conditions. To decipher the cellular function of ATF7, we finally initiated a genome wide mapping of its target genes by a ChIP-seq technology. Our results indicate that ATF7 could regulate multiple key cellular pathways, especially cell division, signaling and metabolism, and may play a crucial role in cell homeostasis
Pineau, Maiwenn. "Régulation globale de la transcription bactérienne par le surenroulement de l'ADN." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon, INSA, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ISAL0091.
Full textThe bacterial chromosome is highly compacted in the cytoplasm. This compaction is largely the result of DNA supercoiling (SC), which involves the torsional deformation of the DNA double helix and is dependent on the environmental conditions encountered by bacteria. SC levels are primarily controlled by gyrase, which increases SC, and topoisomerase I, which relaxes the DNA. The regulation of SC levels is crucial because SC serves as a regulator of gene expression. The objective of my thesis is to characterize the global regulation of bacterial transcription by SC. We obtained the first transcriptome of a Gram-negative bacterium under inhibition of its topoisomerase I using an antibiotic. We confirmed a global and complex regulation of transcription by SC and highlighted that the response of genes to SC variation depends on the gene's expression level, genomic context, the direction of SC change, and the physiological context of the bacterium. I also developed a Python package to facilitate reproducible statistical analyses of experimental data (ChIP-Seq, RNA-Seq, etc.) and annotations for studying the expression of a bacterial genome based on its spatial properties. With this package, I was able to analyze publicly available ChIP-Seq data of Escherichia coli topoisomerase I and gyrase along the chromosome. By examining this data, which provides insight into local SC levels, I was able to investigate, on one hand, the effect of transcription on SC levels within a 10 kb region around transcription units and, on the other hand, observe a previously unknown organization of the chromosome into approximately 100 kb domains
Le, billan Florian. "Identification et régulation transcriptionnelle des gènes cibles du récepteur des minéralocorticoïdes dans les cellules rénales." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS277.
Full textThe mineralocorticoid receptor (MR), activated by aldosterone, exhibits numerous pleiotropic functions, most notably at the renal level where it regulates electrolytic homeostasis. Dysfunctions in the mineralocorticoid signaling pathway are involved in major diseases in Human. During this work, we have identified by ChIP sequencing the first MR cistrome in a human renal cell lineage. The characterization of the identified genomic targets allowed us to define a specific MR responsive element, and to demonstrate the existence of two transactivation processes for MR: through direct binding to DNA or through indirect interaction via binding to other transcription factors. MR is physiologically confronted with a duality with the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), since they share a common ligand, cortisol, and some of their genomic targets, whose PER1 gene. On the latter, MR and GR are distinguished by different dynamic and cyclical recruitment, varying according to hormone, and coordinated with the one of transcriptional partners, translating into the regulation of short-term and long-term effects. Finally, by serial and tandem ChIP experiment, we have demonstrated that MR and GR act as homodimer and as heterodimer.Identification of new MR genomic targets and characterization of its molecular mechanisms of action, improve our understanding of the pathophysiology of the mineralocorticoid signaling pathway. This could ultimately, notably through the development of selective MR antagonists like Finerenone, lead to new therapeutic strategies
Mesplede, Thibault. "Etude de la régulation de la transcription des gènes interférons A murins : étude du rôle des facteurs de transcription Pitx1 et Oct-1 dans la régulation de la transcription des gènes IFN-A murins." Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066642.
Full textRichard, Geoffrey. "Étude du rôle des facteurs de transcription inducteurs d’EMT dans la mélanomagenèse." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10141/document.
Full textEmbryonic transcription factors inducers of Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition (EMT-TFs) are frequently and aberrantly reactivated in many cancers. In carcinomas they promote, in early stage, tumor development by inhibiting the failsafe programs of the cell like senescence and apoptosis, and in final stages, they promote metastases formation. In melanoma we highlighted antagonist’s functions of these factors: it was known that ZEB2 and SNAIL2 were involved in delamination of neural crest cells and melanocytes determination but unexpectedly, ZEB2 and SNAIL2 are also expressed in normal adult melanocytes and their expression is decreased during malignant progression, for the benefit of ZEB1 and TWIST1 factors. This change in expression profiling is a factor of poor prognosis for patients. The results I provide show that this antagonistic effect might go through the regulation of MITF, the key factor in the development of melanocytic. ZEB2 and SNAIL2 exert an oncosuppressive function by activating the expression of MITF and promoting melanocytic differentiation. On the contrary, ZEB1 TWIST1 plays an oncogenic role in inhibiting MITF and promotes the acquisition of stem cells properties. In order to go deeper in the study of TWIST1 oncogenic functions, I used an in vivo Melanoma murine model induced by the BRAFV600 oncogene. I thus put in evidence that the combined expression of TWIST1 and BRAFV600 leads to the formation of aggressive, dedifferentiated and invasive melanoma. Finally, I analyzed and characterized the involvement of these factors in the process of resistance to targeted therapies against BRAFV600E melanomas. I demonstrated that ZEB1 may contribute to BRAF inhibitors resistance. Indeed, ZEB1 expression is increased in resistant (innate or acquired) melanomas cells, compared to sensitive cells. While ZEB1 expression promotes the emergence of resistant cells, targeting ZEB1 increases the sensitivity to BRAF inhibitor and sensitizes resistants cells, highlighting the interest of this combination from a therapeutic point of view
Blain, Jennifer. "Mécanismes de régulation de la voie NOTCH1." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/11519.
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