Academic literature on the topic 'Regular subgroup'
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Journal articles on the topic "Regular subgroup"
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Li, Baojun, Yan Wu, and Lü Gong. "On regular subgroup functors of finite groups." Open Mathematics 20, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 1838–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/math-2022-0549.
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Abstract A subgroup functor τ \tau is said Φ \Phi -regular if for all primitive groups G G , whenever H ∈ τ ( G ) H\in \tau \left(G) is a p p -subgroup and N N is a minimal normal subgroup of G G , then ∣ G : N G ( H ∩ N ) ∣ = p d | G:{N}_{G}\left(H\cap N)| ={p}^{d} for some integer d d . In this article, we investigate groups in which some primary subgroups are τ \tau -subgroups for a Φ \Phi -regular subgroup functor τ \tau , and we obtain new criteria for the supersolubility or p p -nilpotency of a group.
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Wang, Yanpeng, Binzhou Xia, and Sanming Zhou. "Subgroup regular sets in Cayley graphs." Discrete Mathematics 345, no. 11 (November 2022): 113023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.disc.2022.113023.
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Mourad, Lougine Mostafa El-Khousht Mahmoud, Medhat Ahmed Elzainy, and Safaa Ismail Hussein. "Comparing the Effect of Activated Charcoal Whitening Agents against Regular Whitening Toothpastes on the Enamel Surface of Premolar Teeth: In vitro Study." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 10, no. D (November 17, 2022): 493–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2022.11057.
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INTRODUCTION: There has been increase in demand to use natural whitening agents nowadays which include activated charcoal. Activated charcoal has gained popularity recently with various claims to its benefits that have not been proven. AIM: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of activated charcoal whitening agents and regular whitening tooth paste on enamel surface of first premolars and to compare between the effects of materials used. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-one mandibular first premolars were used and divided into control group: untreated teeth that were later incorporated into experimental group. Experimental group: Consisting of three subgroups: Subgroup I: treated with Carbon Coco. Subgroup II: treated with Venu activated charcoal. Subgroup III: treated with Crest 3D white. Brushing was done nine s for 30 days then teeth were preserved in artificial saliva. RESULTS: Scanning electron microscopic results showed areas with rodless enamel more observed in Subgroup III than Subgroups I and II. EREs were more numerous on Subgroups I and II than Subgroup III on enamel surface. Partially occluded EREs with precipitates were more observed on Subgroups I and II than Subgroup III. Energy dispersive X-ray analysis results for calcium showed significant increase between all groups with control. The highest value was recorded in Subgroup II followed by Subgroups I and III while control group was the lowest one. Phosphorous showed significant increase between all groups with control. The highest value was recorded in Subgroup I followed by Subgroups III and II while control group was the lowest one. Micro-hardness results of Subgroups I and II showed significant increase compared to control group and no significant difference between control and Subgroup III was detected. CONCLUSION: Powder form activated charcoal is more abrasive than whitening toothpastes. There is no visible difference between pure 100% activated charcoal powder and charcoal powder with additives to it.v
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Baumeister, Barbara. "Primitive permutation groups with a regular subgroup." Journal of Algebra 310, no. 2 (April 2007): 569–618. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jalgebra.2006.09.027.
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Pillay, Anand. "Some remarks on modular regular types." Journal of Symbolic Logic 56, no. 3 (September 1991): 1003–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2275067.
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Here we consider some problems concerning regular types. In the first place we consider a strongly minimal set D. One can ask what is the strength of the assumption that D has (full) elimination of imaginaries (namely, every definable set X over D has as canonical parameter some tuple from D). We show that D cannot be locally modular. Nontriviality of D is immediate. However, to exclude the locally modular nontrivial case one has to understand structures of the form G/E, where G is a modular strongly minimal group and E is a definable equivalence relation on G with finite classes. We show that the quotient structure G/E can be obtained in two steps. First quotient by a finite subgroup K of G to obtain a strongly minimal group H. Now let Γ be a finite subgroup of the group Aff(H) of definable affine automorphisms of H (namely maps of the form x → αx + a, where α is a definable automorphism of H and a ∈ H), and quotient H by Γ (namely form the orbit space of H under Γ). It can clearly be arranged that Γ contains no nontrivial subgroup of translations.In the second place we look at a nontrivial modular regular type p whose pregeometry is actually a geometry. The geometry is then known to be (infinite-dimensional) projective geometry over a division ring F. We ask whether F is definable (internally to p). If F is finite, this is clear. In fact in this case p must have U-rank 1. So we assume F to be infinite. We are only able to show definability of F in the case where F is a field, using some results on 2-transitive subgroups of PGL [V]. Moreover in the superstable case we also observe that p is isolated.
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Dobson, Edward, Cai Heng Li, and Pablo Spiga. "Permutation Groups Containing a Regular Abelian Hall Subgroup." Communications in Algebra 40, no. 9 (September 2012): 3532–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00927872.2011.590956.
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Kamornikov, S. F. "On The Lattice of Regular Transitive Subgroup Functors." Siberian Mathematical Journal 51, no. 5 (September 2010): 824–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11202-010-0083-7.
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Ahmadi, Hadi, and Bijan Taeri. "Finite groups with regular join graph of subgroups." Journal of Algebra and Its Applications 15, no. 09 (August 22, 2016): 1650170. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021949881650170x.
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Let [Formula: see text] be a non-trivial finite group different from a cyclic [Formula: see text]-group. The join graph of [Formula: see text] is a graph whose vertex set is the set of all proper subgroups of [Formula: see text] which are not contained in the Frattini subgroup of [Formula: see text] and two distinct vertices [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are joined by an edge if and only if [Formula: see text]. In this paper we classify finite groups with regular graphs and determine their graphs.
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Nakano, Tetsuo. "Regular actions of simple algebraic groups on projective threefolds." Nagoya Mathematical Journal 116 (December 1989): 139–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0027763000001732.
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The purpose of this note is to study regular actions of simple algebraic groups on projective threefolds as an application of the theory of algebraic threefolds, especially Mori Theory and the theory of Fano threefolds (cf. Mori [11], Iskovskih [7, 8]). The motivation for this study is as follows. In a series of papers, Umemura, in part jointly with Mukai, has classified maximal connected algebraic subgroups of the Cremona group of three variables and also constructed minimal rational threefolds which correspond to such subgroups (cf. Umemura [16-19], Mukai-Ume-mura [12]). In particular, Umemura and Mukai studied in [12] the SL(2, C)-equivariant smooth projectivization of SL(2, C)/G, where G is a binary icosahedral or octahedral subgroup of SL(2, C). The study of equivariant smooth projectivization of SL(2, C)/G for any finite subgroup G has been completed along their lines in Nakano [14]. The main trick of these studies is the investigation of equivariant contraction maps of extremal rays in the context of Mori Theory [11]. In this note, we apply a similar idea to projective threefolds with a regular action of a simple algebraic group and determine which simple algebraic groups can act regularly and nontrivially on projective threefolds and in which fashion. We also need some standard (but difficult) facts from the theory of Fano threefolds. For the precise statement, see Theorem 1 in the main text. For the proof of this theorem, we need a classification of closed subgroups of simple algebraic groups of codimension 1 and 2, which could be derived easily from the classical work of Dynkin [4]. However, we shall give a geometric proof independent of [4] which leads up directly to the proof of Theorem 1. On the whole, we shall establish by geometric methods the scarcity of closed subgroups of small codimension in simple algebraic groups, which is implied in Dynkin [4].
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Korhonen, Mikko. "Unipotent elements forcing irreducibility in linear algebraic groups." Journal of Group Theory 21, no. 3 (May 1, 2018): 365–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jgth-2018-0003.
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Abstract Let G be a simple algebraic group over an algebraically closed field K of characteristic {p>0} . We consider connected reductive subgroups X of G that contain a given distinguished unipotent element u of G. A result of Testerman and Zalesski [D. Testerman and A. Zalesski, Irreducibility in algebraic groups and regular unipotent elements, Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 141 2013, 1, 13–28] shows that if u is a regular unipotent element, then X cannot be contained in a proper parabolic subgroup of G. We generalize their result and show that if u has order p, then except for two known examples which occur in the case {(G,p)=(C_{2},2)} , the subgroup X cannot be contained in a proper parabolic subgroup of G. In the case where u has order {>p} , we also present further examples arising from indecomposable tilting modules with quasi-minuscule highest weight.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Regular subgroup"
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CAMPEDEL, ELENA. "Hopf-Galois Structures and Skew Braces of order p^2q." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/378739.
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Nella mia tesi enumero le strutture Hopf-Galois su estensioni di Galois di ordine p^2q. Questo sarà fatto, mediante l'uso delle funzioni gamma, contando i sottogruppi regolari dell'olomorfo di gruppi di ordine p^2q. Questi ultimi oggetti sono anche connessi con le skew braces, e fornisco anche il numero di classi di isomorfismo di skew braces di ordine p^2q.In my thesis I enumerate the Hopf-Galois structures on Galois extensions of order p^2q. This will be done, using the gamma functions, by enumerating the regular subgroups of the holomorph of groups G of order p^2q. The last objects are also connected to skew braces, and I also provide the number of isomorphism classes of skew braces of size p^2q.
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Ivrissimtzis, Ioniis Panagioti. "Congruence subgroups of Hecke groups and regular dessins." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1998. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/50645/.
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In this thesis we deal with dessins, that is tessellations of orientable surfaces, or from another point of view, two-cell embeddings of graphs on orientable surfaces. Our approach uses the connections of dessins with the Hecke groups Hq, and emphasizes the number-theoretic aspects of these connections. In Chapter 1 we deal with the modular group F, the simplest of the Hecke groups. We study the relations between the dessins associated with the principal congruence subgroups of F, the cosets of the special congruence subgroups of F, and the arithmetic of the finite ring Zjy. Our examples include well-known regular dessins as the icosahedron and the dessin {3, 7}s on Klein's surface of genus 3. In Chapter 2 we give some basic results on the Hecke groups and the closely related maximal real cyclotomic fields, concentrating on the factorization of the integers inside these fields. In Chapter 3 we extend the work of Chapter 1 to the other Hecke groups, especially the quadratic Hecke groups. The examples include regular dessins as the cube, the dodecahedron, the small stellated dodecahedron, and {4,5}6 on Bring's curve of genus 4. In Chapter 4 we find representations for the Hecke groups and their quotients by the principal congruence subgroups, and we use the results to do some necessary calculations. In Chapter 5, using the results of Chapter 1 as motivation, we reduce the problem of calculating the normaliser of certain subgroups of the Hecke groups into solving a system of congruences, and we solve the corresponding systems for F, H4, H6. Then, using another method we calculate the normaliser of these subgroups in PSZ^R) f°r the cases iJ4, H6, and we also calculate the corresponding quotients.
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Emmett, Lynn. "Regular orbits of cyclic subgroups of the simple classical groups." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.426917.
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Raies, Daniel N. "Counting the Faithful Irreducible Characters of Subgroups of the Iterated Regular Wreath Product." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1335302906.
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Peng, Luo-Gen [Verfasser]. "Urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor contributes to chemosensitivity and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in PDAC : uPAR and p38 regulate autophagy dependent gemcitabine resistance in AsPC1: autophagy inhibitors and gemcitabine as a potential combined therapy for a subgroup of pancreastic cancers / Luogen Peng." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1221802313/34.
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Peng, Luogen [Verfasser]. "Urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor contributes to chemosensitivity and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in PDAC : uPAR and p38 regulate autophagy dependent gemcitabine resistance in AsPC1: autophagy inhibitors and gemcitabine as a potential combined therapy for a subgroup of pancreastic cancers / Luogen Peng." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1221802313/34.
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Dittmann, Ulrich. "Coset Types and Tight Subgroups of Almost Completely Decomposable Groups." Doctoral thesis, 2001. https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-2762.
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A completely decomposable group is a direct sum of subgroups of the rationals. An almost completely decomposable group is a torsion free abelian group that contains a completely decomposable group as subgroup of finite index. Tight subgroups are maximal subgroups (with respect to set inclusion) among the completely decomposable subgroups of an almost completely decomposable group. In this dissertation we show an extended version of the theorem of Bezout, give a new criterion for the tightness of a completely decomposable subgroup, derive some conditions under which a tight subgroup is regulating and generalize a theorem of Campagna. We give an example of an almost completely decomposable group, all of whose regulating subgroups do not have a quotient with minimal exponent. We show that among the types of elements of a coset modulo a completely decomposable group there exists a unique maximal type and define this type to be -the- coset type. We give criteria for tightness and regulating in term of coset types as well as a representation of the type subgroups using coset types. We introduce the notion of reducible cosets and show their key role for transitions from one completely decomposable subgroup up to another one containing the first one as a proper subgroup. We give an example of a tight, but not regulating subgroup which contains the regulator. We develop the notion of a fully single covered subset of a lattice, show that V-free implies fully single covered, but not necessarily vice versa, and we define an equivalence relation on the set of all finite subsets of a given lattice. We develop some extension of ordinary Hasse diagrams, and apply the lattice theoretic results on the lattice of types and almost completely decomposable groupsEine vollständig zerlegbare Gruppe ist eine direkte Summe von Untergruppen der rationalen Zahlen. Eine fast vollständig zerlegbare Gruppe ist eine torsionsfreie abelsche Gruppe, die eine vollständig zerlegbare Gruppe als Untergruppe von endlichem Index enthält. Tight Untergruppen sind bezüglich Mengeninklusion maximale Elemente der Menge der vollständig zerlegbaren Untergruppen einer fast vollständig zerlegbaren Gruppe. In dieser Dissertation zeigen wir eine erweiterte Version des Satzes von Bezout, geben ein neues Kriterium an, mit dem festgestellt werden kann, ob eine Untergruppe tight ist, leiten daraus einige Bedingungen ab, unter denen eine tight Untergruppe regulierend ist, und verallgemeinern einen Satz von Campagna. Wir geben ein Beispiel einer fast vollständig zerlegbaren Gruppe an, deren sämtliche regulierende Untergruppen nicht minimalen Exponenten des Quotienten haben. Wir zeigen, daß unter den Typen der Elemente einer Nebenklasse modulo einer vollständig zerlegbaren Gruppe ein eindeutig definierter maximaler Typ existiert und nennen diesen Typen -den- Nebenklassentypen. Wir geben Kriterien für tight und regulierend mit Hilfe von Nebenklassentypen, sowie eine Darstellung der Typenuntergruppen. Wir führen den Begriff der reduziblen Nebenklassen ein und zeigen die Schlüsselrolle, die diese beim Übergang von einer vollständig zerlegbaren Untergruppe zu einer anderen, die die erste enthält, haben. Wir geben ein Beispiel einer tight Untergruppe an, die nicht regulierend ist, aber den Regulator enthält. Wir führen den Begriff einer "fully single covered" Untermenge eines Verbandes ein, zeigen daß V-frei "fully single covered" impliziert, aber nicht umgekehrt, und definieren eine Äquivalenzrelation auf der Menge aller endlichen Untermengen eines Verbandes. Wir entwickeln eine Erweiterung der üblichen Hasse Diagramme und wenden die verbandstheoretischen Ergebnisse auf die Typenmenge fast vollständig zerlegbarer Gruppen an
Books on the topic "Regular subgroup"
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1948-, Praeger Cheryl E., and Saxl J. (Jan) 1948-, eds. Regular subgroups of primitive permutation groups. Providence, R.I: American Mathematical Society, 2010.
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Liebeck, M. W. Regular subgroups of primitive permutation groups. Providence, R.I: American Mathematical Society, 2010.
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Lorist, Petrus Johannes Gerardus. Borel subgroups containing a fixed 2-regular unipotent. Utrecht: Drukkerij Elinkwijk, 1985.
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Wakelin, Sarah. Urticaria. Edited by Patrick Davey and David Sprigings. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199568741.003.0251.
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Urticaria is an inflammatory complaint characterized by short-lived skin swellings termed ‘wheals’ or ‘hives’. It can be divided into acute urticaria, where the disease has an abrupt onset, and chronic urticaria, where wheals have occurred on a regular basis for over 6 weeks. Physical urticaria is a subgroup of chronic urticaria where an underlying external/physical trigger can be identified, while contact urticaria arises from contact with a chemical substance on the skin or mucous membranes. Angiooedema represents a similar process affecting the deeper dermal tissue and has a predilection for the skin around the eyes and mouth. It may occur in association with urticaria or as an isolated complaint.
Book chapters on the topic "Regular subgroup"
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Kimoto, Kazufumi. "Generalized Group–Subgroup Pair Graphs." In International Symposium on Mathematics, Quantum Theory, and Cryptography, 169–85. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-5191-8_14.
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Abstract A regular finite graph is called a Ramanujan graph if its zeta function satisfies an analog of the Riemann Hypothesis. Such a graph has a small second eigenvalue so that it is used to construct cryptographic hash functions. Typically, explicit family of Ramanujan graphs are constructed by using Cayley graphs. In the paper, we introduce a generalization of Cayley graphs called generalized group–subgroup pair graphs, which are a generalization of group–subgroup pair graphs defined by Reyes-Bustos. We study basic properties, especially spectra of them.
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Lamotke, Klaus. "Finite Subgroups of SL(2, C) and Invariant Polynomials." In Regular Solids and Isolated Singularities, 32–68. Wiesbaden: Vieweg+Teubner Verlag, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-91767-6_2.
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Ciubotaru, Dan, Kyo Nishiyama, and Peter E. Trapa. "Regular Orbits of Symmetric Subgroups on Partial Flag Varieties." In Representation Theory, Complex Analysis, and Integral Geometry, 61–86. Boston: Birkhäuser Boston, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-8176-4817-6_4.
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Berglund, Martin, Brink van der Merwe, Bruce Watson, and Nicolaas Weideman. "On the Semantics of Atomic Subgroups in Practical Regular Expressions." In Implementation and Application of Automata, 14–26. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60134-2_2.
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Kostant, Bertram. "ON SOME EXOTIC FINITE SUBGROUPS OF E8 AND SPRINGER’S REGULAR ELEMENTS OF THE WEYL GROUP." In Collected Papers, 431–41. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-09591-2_15.
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"§ 295 Any irregular p-group contains a non-isolated maximal regular subgroup." In De Gruyter Expositions in Mathematics, 176–77. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110533149-039.
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Rizzoli, René. "Osteoporosis in the oldest old." In Oxford Textbook of Geriatric Medicine, 521–32. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198701590.003.0068.
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Osteoporosis and frailty greatly increase the risk of fracture. Hip fractures are the most serious osteoporotic fractures, with increased risk of mortality. In most countries, the majority are over 80 years old. Large rises on hip and other fragility fracture rates are predicted for much of South America and Asia in the coming decades. The survivors have a high risk of sustaining another major fracture and face deterioration in their quality of life and high risk of dependency. Optimal protein and calcium intakes, and vitamin D supplies, together with regular weight-bearing physical exercise are the cornerstones of fracture prevention. Evidence for antifracture efficacy of pharmacological interventions relies on randomized controlled trials in postmenopausal women between the ages of 50 and 80 years and the evidence of antiosteoporotic efficacy in the oldest old has come primarily from subgroup analyses.
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Rizzoli, René. "Osteoporosis in the oldest old." In Oxford Textbook of Geriatric Medicine, 521–32. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198701590.003.0068_update_001.
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Osteoporosis and frailty greatly increase the risk of fracture. Hip fractures are the most serious osteoporotic fractures, with increased risk of mortality. In most countries, the majority are over 80 years old. Large rises on hip and other fragility fracture rates are predicted for much of South America and Asia in the coming decades. The survivors have a high risk of sustaining another major fracture and face deterioration in their quality of life and high risk of dependency. Optimal protein and calcium intakes, and vitamin D supplies, together with regular weight-bearing and balance-improving physical exercise are the cornerstones of fracture prevention. Evidence for antifracture efficacy of pharmacological interventions relies on randomized controlled trials in postmenopausal women between the ages of 50 and 80 years and the evidence of antiosteoporotic efficacy in the oldest old has come primarily from subgroup analyses.
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Korkealehto, Kirsi. "Quality for online language courses – a coaching program for teachers." In CALL and complexity – short papers from EUROCALL 2019, 236–40. Research-publishing.net, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.14705/rpnet.2019.38.1015.
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Finnish universities of applied sciences are building a shared digital course offering, and therefore, digital pedagogy and teachers’ competences are being developed via the eAMK project which provides a nationwide coaching program. The program started early in 2018 to ensure that the staff competence in digital pedagogy is timely and that the quality of the courses offered through CampusOnline.fi is consistent and as high as possible. Language teachers take part in the coaching program as a subgroup in which the focus is on language specific topics and issues. The aim was to cover all language competences and to offer suitable digital solutions for them all. The coaching program includes webinars, online and face-to-face meetings, and guidance and workshops. The participating language teachers considered the coaching program beneficial; especially peer feedback, webinars, and workshops were regarded as supportive. The sessions were arranged according to the teachers’ timetables which enabled regular participation.
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Conrad, Brian, and Gopal Prasad. "Constructions with regular degenerate quadratic forms." In Classification of Pseudo-reductive Groups (AM-191). Princeton University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691167923.003.0007.
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This chapter uses degenerate quadratic forms and quadrics in Severi–Brauer variety to give a geometric description of all non-standard absolutely pseudo-simple k-groups G of minimal type with root system Bn over ks such that ZG = 1 and the Cartan k-subgroups of G are tori. It begins with an overview of the lemma and propositions for regular degenerate quadratic forms, coupled with two examples. It then considers the conformal isometry between quadratic spaces over a field, which is a linear isomorphism that respects the quadratic forms up to a nonzero scaling factor. It also introduces a proposition that provides sufficient conditions for an absolutely pseudo-simple k-group to be isomorphic to SO(q) for a regular quadratic form q. Finally, it describes all descents in terms of automorphisms of certain quadrics in Severi–Brauer varieties over k.
Conference papers on the topic "Regular subgroup"
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Bratić, Diana, and Nikolina Stanić Loknar. "AI driven OCR: Resolving handwritten fonts recognizability problems." In 10th International Symposium on Graphic Engineering and Design. University of Novi Sad, Faculty of technical sciences, Department of graphic engineering and design,, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24867/grid-2020-p82.
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Optical Character Recognition (OCR) is the electronic or mechanical conversion of images of typed, handwritten, or printed text into machine-encoded text. Advanced systems are capable to produce a high degree of recognition accuracy for most technic fonts, but when it comes to handwritten forms there is a problem occur in recognizing certain characters and limitations with conventional OCR processes persist. It is most pronounced in ascenders (k, b, l, d, h, t) and descenders (g, j, p, q, y). If the characters are linked by ligatures, the ascending and descending strokes are even less recognizable to the scanners. In order to reduce the likelihood of a recognition error, it is a necessary to create a large database of stored characters and their glyphs. Feature extraction decomposes glyphs into features like lines, closed loops, line direction, and line intersections. A Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) neural network based on Back Propagation Neural Network (BPNN) algorithm as a method of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has been used in text identification, classification and recognition using various methods: image pattern based, text-based, mark-based etc. Also, the application of AI generates of a large database of different letter cuts, and modifications, and variation of the same letter character structure. For this purpose, the recognizability test of handwritten fonts was performed. Within main group, subgroups of independent letter characters and letter characters linked by ligatures are created, and reading errors were observed. In each subgroup, four different font families (bold stroke, alternating stroke, monoline stroke, and brush stroke) were tested. In subgroup of independent letter characters, errors were observed in similar rounded lines such as the characters a, and e. In the subgroup of letter characters linked by ligatures, errors were also observed in similar rounded lines such as the letter characters a and e, m and n, but also in ascenders b and l, and descenders g and q. Furthermore, seven letter cuts were made from each basic test letters, and up to are thin, ultra-light, light, regular, semi-bold, bold, and ultra-bold, and stored in the existing EMNIST database. The scanning test was repeated, and recently obtained results showed a decrease in the deviation rate, i.e. higher accuracy. Reducing the number of deviations shows that the neural network gives acceptable answers but requires creation of a larger database within about 56,000 different characters.
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Zderčík, Antonín, Jiří Nykodým, Jana Talašová, Pavel Holeček, and Michal Bozděch. "The application of fuzzy logic in the diagnostics of performance preconditions in tennis." In 12th International Conference on Kinanthropology. Brno: Masaryk University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9631-2020-5.
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Sports performance is influenced by a many of factors that can be characterised as its rela-tively independent – although synergetic – components. The most frequently mentioned are the fitness, somatic, tactical, mental and technical factors of sports performance. The subject of interest in sport is the process of monitoring and evaluating the level of these individual factors, i.e. the diagnostics of sports performance. When diagnosing the level of performance prerequi-site for tennis, it is recommended to use those diagnostic methods that focus on tennis-specific performance prerequisites. Analyses of modern tennis show speed (reaction, action), strength (explosive), strength endurance and specific coordination abilities to be the most important motor prerequisites. Diagnostics of the motor prerequisites of an athlete are often performed in practice employing motor tests and test batteries. Methods of evaluating the results obtained are generally based on the probability approach, though an alternative is provided by a method based on the theory of fuzzy logic. The aim of the research was to use the theory of fuzzy logic in evaluating the level of performance prerequisites and compare evaluation results by using of a classical discrete approach and a fuzzy approach. The two approaches are evaluated and compared using the results of testing of a group of 15–16-year old tennis players (n = 203, age M ± SD = 15.97 ± 0.57 years, height M ± SD = 181.9 ± 6.8 cm, weight M ± SD = 71.6 ± 8.6 kg) who took part in regular testing conducted by the Czech Tennis Association in the years 2000–2018 using the TENDIAG1 test battery. STATISTICA12 software was used for the anal-ysis of data using a probability approach. FuzzME software was used for analysis using of a fuzzy approach. The testing of research data (the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test) demonstrated the normal distribution of the frequency of the results of individual tests in the test battery. The level of agreement of the results (the Pearson correlation coeficient) obtained by the two approach-es (the discrete and the fuzzy approaches) was high both from the effect size (ES, large) and statistical significance points of view (r = 0.89, p = 0.05). The evaluation of the effect size (ES) of the differences between the mean values of the results obtained by the two approaches us-ing the Cohen’s d did not demonstrate any substantively significant difference (d = 0.16). For a more detailed analysis, two subsets were selected from the original group of tennis players. They consisted of players with an overall evaluation (probability approach) of 4–5 points and 8–9 points, respectively. The level of agreement between the results in the subgroup with the evaluation 4–5 points was low from both the effect size (ES, small) and statistical significance points of view (r = 0.15, p = 0.05), while the agreement in the subgroup with the evaluation of 8–9 points was at a medium level in terms of the effect size (ES, medium) and statistically insignificant (r = 0.47, p = 0.05). The effect size (ES) assessment of the differences between mean values of the results obtained by the two approaches did not demonstrate any effect (d = 0.12) in the group with the overall score of 4–5 points, and a large effect (d = 0.89, large) in the group with an overall score of 8–9 points. Despite the similarity of the results obtained by the probability and fuzzy methods, it was shown that the fuzzy approach enables a finer dif-ferentiation of the level of fitness prerequisites in players on the evaluation boundaries. Since that the results for individual items in the TENDIAG1 test battery indicate the level of individual performance prerequisites, the use of different weighting criteria may be considered for future evaluation using the fuzzy approach. For this approach, the use of the point method, a paired comparison method or the Saaty method can be considered for the identification and calcula-tion of individual subtests weighting.
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Berzina, Sabine, and Baiba Martinsone. "Changes in Teachers and Students’ Perceived School Climate Through the Implementation of the Social Emotional Learning Program: A Longitudinal Study." In 79th International Scientific Conference of University of Latvia. University of Latvia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22364/htqe.2021.03.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of the study is to investigate changes in teachers’ perceived school climate in the first and second years of implementing the social emotional learning (SEL) program in schools, as well as to investigate differences in 3rd- to 6th-grade students’ perceived school climate. In the two years of this study, 64 teachers participated in the SEL program alongside a control group. In the first year, teachers received training on the implementation of school-level SEL and received ready-made lesson plans for the direct practice of social and emotional skills in the classroom. In the second year, the SEL teachers were divided into two subgroups, where 32 teachers received additional supervision during the implementation. In the first year, 138 students from 3rd to 6th grade participated in the SEL program alongside a control group. In the second year of SEL implementation, 223 3rd to 6th grade students participated in the program where teachers received regular supervision, and 244 students continued the SEL implementation process without changes. Georgia School Climate Survey Suite personnel, elementary and middle/high school forms were used to measure teachers’ and students’ perceived school climate. The results show that in both the first and second years, overall perceived school climate results were higher for both SEL teacher groups compared to the control teacher group. After the first year, students in grades 5 to 6 showed better mental health results. In the second year, only those 5th to 6th grade students whose teachers received regular supervision showed better mental health results. Starting from the second SEL year, both SEL 3rd- to 4th-grade student groups showed higher perceived school climate compared to the control group. The results did not change during the second year, which indicates that the Latvian SEL primarily improves mental health results for 5th- to 6th-grade students and overall perceived school climate for 3rd to 4th-grade students starting from the second SEL year. Ongoing support for teachers also stimulates better outcomes in mental health.
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Gürel, Duygu Benzer, and Özlem Çağındı. "The Effect of Functional Foods on Mood, Cognitive Function and Well-Being." In 6th International Students Science Congress. Izmir International Guest Student Association, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.52460/issc.2022.023.
Full textAbstract:
The concept of food as medicine is not new. The use of foods to prevent and/or treat certain diseases can be found in ancient drawings and writings. The most famous statement came from Hippocrates, who said “Let food be thy medicine.” It is the position of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics to recognize that although all foods provide some level of physiological function, the term, “functional foods” is defined as whole foods along with fortified, enriched, or enhanced foods that have a potentially beneficial effect on health when consumed as part of a varied diet regularly at effective levels based on significant standards of evidence. The most prominent results indicated that high total intake of fruits and vegetables, and some of their specific subgroups including berries, citrus, and green leafy vegetables, may promote higher levels of optimism and self-efficacy, as well as reduce the level of psychological distress, ambiguity, and cancer fatalism, and protect against depressive symptoms. Flavonoids are a class of organic polyphenolic compounds found in varying concentrations in plant-based whole foods such as berries, tea, cocoa, soybeans, and grains. Recent studies suggest that flavonoids can be beneficial to both cognitive and physiological health. As such, long term chronic supplementation with flavonoids has been investigated extensively, particularly concerning cognitive ageing and related neurodegenerative disorders. Less attention has been given to the acute effect of flavonoids on cognitive outcomes, within the immediate 0–6 h post ingestion. Therefore, the general recommendation to consume at least 5 portions of fruit and vegetables a day may be beneficial also for mental health. Immediate cognitive enhancement is often desirable in academic and work environments, such as during an exam or assessment. Besides, support a positive role for the nutrients EPA, DHA, magnesium, alpha-tocopherol, and folic acid, either alone or in combination with drugs, in the preservation of normal brain function and mental well-being. In this study, the effects of consumption of some functions on mood, cognitive function and mental health were investigated. Scientific findings support the combination of micro and macronutrients in a balanced and varied diet along with a healthy lifestyle for the maintenance of normal brain function, improvement of mental abilities, concentration, memory and alertness. Food components actively participate in the generation of nerve impulses by influencing neurotransmitters that activate different parts of the brain, thereby regulating our mental abilities, emotions and mood.
Reports on the topic "Regular subgroup"
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Wolfenson, David, William W. Thatcher, and James E. Kinder. Regulation of LH Secretion in the Periovulatory Period as a Strategy to Enhance Ovarian Function and Fertility in Dairy and Beef Cows. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2003.7586458.bard.
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The general research objective was to increase herd pregnancy rates by enhancing corpus luteum (CL) function and optimizing follicle development, in order to increase conception rate and embryo survival. The specific objectives were: to determine the effect of the duration of the preovulatory LH surge on CL function; to determine the function of LH during the postovulatory period on CL development; to optimize CL differentiation and follicle development by means of a biodegradable GnRH implant; to test whether optimization of CL development and follicle dynamics in timed- insemination protocols would improve fertility in high-yielding dairy cows. Low fertility in cattle results in losses of hundreds of millions of dollars in the USA and Israel. Two major causes of low fertility are formation of a functionally impaired CL, and subsequent enhanced ovarian follicle development. A functionally impaired CL may result from suboptimal LH secretion. The two major causes of low fertility in dairy cattle in US and Israel are negative energy status and summer heat stress; in both situations, low fertility is associated with reductions in LH secretion and impaired development of the ovulatory follicle and of the CL. In Florida, the use of 450-mg deslorelin (GnRH analogue) implants to induce ovulation, under the Ovsynch protocol resulted in a higher pregnancy rates than use of 750-mg implants, and pregnancy losses tended to decrease compared to controls, due probably to decrease in follicular development and estradiol secretion at the time of conceptus signaling to maintain the CL. An alternative strategy to enhance progesterone concentrations involved induction of an accessory CL by injection of hCG on day 5 after the cows were inseminated. Treatment with hCG resulted in 86% of the cows having two CLs, compared with 23% of the control cows. Conception rates were higher among the hCG-treated cows than among the controls. Another approach was to replace the second injection of GnRH analogue, in a timed-insemination protocol, with estradiol cypionate (ECP) injected 24 h after the injection of PGF₂ₐ Pregnancy rates were comparable with those obtained under the regular Ovsynch (timed- AI) program. Use of ECP induced estrus, and cows inseminated at detected estrus are indeed more fertile than those not in estrus at the time of insemination. Collectively, the BARD-supported programs at the University of Florida have improved timed insemination programs. In Ohio, the importance of the frequency of LH episodes during the early stages of the estrous cycle of cattle, when the corpus luteum is developing, was studied in an in vivo experiment in which cows were subjected to various episodic exposures to exogenous bovine LH. Results indicate that the frequent LH episodes immediately following the time of ovulation are important in development of the corpus luteum, from the points of view of both size and functionality. In another study, rates of cell proliferation and numbers of endothelial cells were examined in vitro in CLs collected from cows that received post-ovulation pulsatile LH treatment at various frequencies. The results indicate that the corpora lutea growth that results from luteal cell proliferation is enhanced by the episodes of LH release that occur immediately after the time of ovulation in cattle. The results also show that luteal endothelial cell numbers did not differ among cows treated with different LH doses. In Israel. a longer duration of the preovulatory LH surge stimulated the steroidogenic capacity of granulosa-derived luteal cells, and might, thereby, contribute to a higher progesterone output from the bovine corpus luteum. In an in vivo study, a subgroup of high-yielding dairy cows with extended estrus to ovulation interval was identified. Associated with this extended interval were: low plasma progesterone and estradiol concentrations and a low preovulatory LH surge prior to ovulation, as well as low post- ovulation progesterone concentration. In experiments based on the above results, we found that injection of GnRH at the onset of estrus increased the LHpeak, prevented late ovulation, decreased the variability between cows and elicited high and uniform progesterone levels after ovulation. GnRH at estrus onset increased conception rates, especially in the summer, and among primiparous cows and those with low body condition. Another study compared ovarian functions in multiparous lactating cows with those in nulliparous non-lactating heifers. The results revealed differences in ovarian follicular dynamics, and in plasma concentrations of steroids and gonadotropins that may account for the differences in fertility between heifers and cows.
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Redmond, Paul, Seamus McGuinness, and Klavs Ciprikis. A universal basic income for Ireland: Lessons from the international literature. ESRI, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.26504/rs146.
Full textAbstract:
A universal basic income (UBI) is defined as a universal, unconditional cash payment that is made regularly, is sufficient to live on, is not means tested, carries no work requirements and is paid on an individual basis. This study examines the international evidence on universal basic incomes and identifies key issues for consideration in the design of any UBI pilot for Ireland. Despite the mainstream interest in UBI as a potential policy tool, relatively little is known about the associated consequences of such policies. Even the definition of a UBI appears to be poorly understood and is often misused in the public discourse. Several pilot studies have been recently implemented across different countries. However, some pilot studies depart from the accepted definition of UBI. For example, some are not universal, in that they only target a specific subgroup of the population and/or have eligibility restrictions based on earnings. Others provide a relatively low level of payment, which may fall short of what an individual could reasonably be expected to live on. There are a number of potentially positive impacts associated with a UBI. A universal, unconditional payment could eliminate the stigma associated with welfare receipt. If replacing existing welfare payments, a UBI would also involve lower transaction costs, both on the recipient (in terms of the application procedure) and on Government (in terms of administering the payment). Universal, unconditional payments would also avoid situations where people choose not to work in order to retain means-tested benefits. UBI could give individuals the freedom to turn down or leave insecure, exploitative or low-paid work in pursuit of better or improved work opportunities. In addition, it would mean that persons in informal and often unpaid work, such as childcare and eldercare, which is mostly done by women, receive some compensation for their labour. Empirical results from several pilot studies have found evidence of positive health impacts following the implementation of a UBI. In terms of potential disadvantages, a UBI, by definition, may not target those that are most in need, as a large percentage of recipients will be high-earning individuals. Furthermore, the cost of a UBI is likely to be very expensive, even if other existing benefits (such as unemployment benefits) are no longer required. The net impacts of a UBI on labour supply are unclear, with both positive and negative influences on labour market participation potentially arising as a consequence of a UBI. In this study, we undertake some basic calculations relating to four possible UBI approaches, all of which would involve an unconditional payment to every individual aged over 18 in Ireland.