Journal articles: 'Regular gambling'

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Rosecrance, John. "Why Regular Gamblers Don't Quit." Sociological Perspectives 29, no. 3 (July 1986): 357–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1389025.

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This article examines the phenomenon of persistence at gambling by relating regular participation to the social structure in which that behavior occurs. Using qualitative data developed during a study of three naturally occurring gambling groups and implicit knowledge drawn from 28 years of personal experience, I apply sociological perspectives to a subject that traditionally has been examined from either an economic or a psychological viewpoint. An analysis of the data revealed that a significant sustaining mechanism of gambling persistence could be located in the binding social arrangements that have developed among the players. A delineation of these arrangements provides a basis for comprehending regular gamblers' commitment to maintain participation in the social world of gambling, despite financial loss. An awareness of the social rewards derived from sustained gambling is essential in developing an understanding of the root causes of excessive gambling.

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Abassi, B., E. Khelifa, O. Maatouk, S. Ben Aissa, I. Bouguerraa, and L. Mnif. "Gambling disorder and suicidal behavior : A case report :." European Psychiatry 65, S1 (June 2022): S830. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.2149.

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Introduction Gambling disorder involves repeated problematic gambling behavior that causes significant problems or distress. It is also called gambling addiction or compulsive gambling. In Tunisia, a muslum country, gambling is prohibited and casinos are non-existent or only for tourists with foreign currency. Lately, with the spread of casinos online and sites of sports betting, gambling’s become problematic in Tunisia. People accumulated huge debts with feelings of shame and guilt leading to suicidal attempts. Objectives Studying the link between gambling disorder and suicidal attempts and comparing the different preventive measures proposed for online gambling. Methods a case of a patient with gambling disorder that was hospitalized in a psychiatric hospital for a suicidal attempt by stabbing himself and a review of a literature. Results Mr R.A was a 42-year-old man with no family nor personal psychiatric history. He has no history of a particular substance use disorder. He was married and a father of two children and has a regular job. A year ago, he stated gambling on internet sites using his phone cell and, in several months, he lost a lot of money and accumulated debts. Lately he committed two attempts of suicide. The first one was by swallowing rat poison. The second one was a month later, by stabbing himself with a knife that caused evisceration and required surgery then an hospitalization in a psychiatric unit. Conclusions There’s evidence that GD and SB are associated, although there’s disagreement about the nature of this association. Adequate preventive measures should be considered by governments Disclosure No significant relationships.

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Binde, Per, and Ulla Romild. "Risk of problem gambling among occupational groups: A population and registry study." Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs 37, no. 3 (March 13, 2020): 262–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1455072519899779.

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Aims: To identify which occupational groups have elevated levels of regular gambling participation and at-risk and problem gambling, and to explore job-specific factors associated with elevated levels. Methods: Statistical analyses were performed on data from the 2015 Swedish population study on gambling and health. The principal registry variable was occupation, classified according to the Swedish version of the International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO-08). Two gambling variables were studied: regular gambling participation and at-risk and problem gambling, as measured by the Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI). For statistical regression analyses, socio-demographic data were used such as gender, income, and country of origin. Results: We found significant differences between occupational groups with regard to the two gambling variables. In general, manual jobs with predominantly male workers scored high, especially when there was no fixed workplace. Several significant differences remained when we controlled for gender. We also found support for three types of workers having elevated levels on the gambling variables: (1) building, construction and service, mobile, (2) vehicle drivers, and (3) monotonous manual indoor work. These results were confirmed by comparisons with propensity score matched controls. Conclusion: A policy implication of this study is that some occupational groups should be prioritised in the prevention of problem gambling. Theoretically, the study shows that occupational categories represent real-life cultures and contexts of gambling and non-gambling as distinct from the abstract socio-demographic factors that are usually considered in relation to gambling participation and problem gambling.

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Hing, Nerilee, and Sally Gainsbury. "Risky business: Gambling problems amongst gaming venue employees in Queensland, Australia." Journal of Gambling Issues, no. 25 (June 1, 2011): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4309/jgi.2011.25.2.

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This study examines gambling and problem gambling among gaming venue staff and provides a quantitative analysis that is directly comparable to the general population. A sample of 511 staff from casinos, hotels, and clubs in Queensland, Australia completed a questionnaire. Results indicate that employees exceed the average for gambling participation, regular gambling, and usual gambling duration for every type of gambling for which comparisons could be made. Problem gambling rates amongst staff were 9.6 times higher than for the Queensland population. Problem and moderate-risk gamblers were typically males who worked around gambling facilities and assisted patrons with gambling. A substantial proportion of problem and moderate-risk gamblers report increasing their gambling since commencing work. These results are of interest, given the importance of understanding how exposure interacts with gambling behaviour, of debates about the nature of this interaction, and of industry-based responsible gambling policies that particularly focus on gaming venue employees.

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Scandroglio, Francesca, Giulia Ferrazzi, Alessia Giacobazzi, Vera Vinci, Mattia Marchi, Gian Maria Galeazzi, Alessandro Musetti, and Luca Pingani. "Prevalence and Possible Predictors of Gambling Disorder in a Sample of Students in the Healthcare Professions." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 1 (December 27, 2022): 452. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20010452.

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The Italian version of the South Oaks Gambling Screen questionnaire (SOGS) and a socio-demographic questionnaire were administered to a sample of 275 healthcare professions students aged 19 to 58 years (mean age = 22.17; females = 81.1%) to address the research objectives: to examine the prevalence and correlates of problem gambling in a population of university healthcare professions students in Italy. Among the sample, 8.7% (n = 24) of participants showed problem gambling and 1.5% (n = 4) pathologic gambling. Lottery and scratch cards were the most frequent type of gambling in the sample, followed by cards and bingo. Compared to females, males tend to be more involved in problem gambling and pathological gambling. Males tend to be more involved than females in different types of gambling (such as cards, sports bets, gambling at the casino). Pathological gambling is positively associated with gender, being students lagging behind the regular schedule of exams and parents’ level of education. These findings have important implications in terms of prevention and intervention on gambling and pathological gambling. Universities should make available educational programs and counselling services to address this issue.

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Schellinck, Tony, Tracy Schrans, Heather Schellinck, and Michael Bliemel. "Construct Development for the FocaL Adult Gambling Screen (FLAGS): A Risk Measurement for Gambling Harm and Problem Gambling Associated with Electronic Gambling Machines." Journal of Gambling Issues, no. 30 (May 1, 2015): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.4309/jgi.2015.30.7.

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This is the first of two papers describing the development of the FocaL Adult Gambling Screen for Electronic Gambling Machine players (FLAGS-EGM). FLAGS-EGM is a measurement approach for identifying gambling risk, a tool that incorporates separate reflective and formative constructs into a single instrument. A set of statements was developed that captured ten constructs associated with gambling risk or which were considered components of problem gambling. Following completion of focus groups with regular slot players, a survey with the reduced set of statements was then administered to a sample of 374 casino slot players in Ontario, Canada. Nine of the proposed constructs passed tests for reliability and validity (Risky Cognitions Beliefs, Risky Cognitions Motives, Preoccupation Desire, Risky Practices Earlier, Risky Practices Later, Impaired Control Continue a Session, Impaired Control Begin a Session, Negative Consequences, and Persistence). A tenth construct (Preoccupation Obsession) requires further development through the addition of improved statements.

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Oksanen, Atte, Anu Sirola, Iina Savolainen, and Markus Kaakinen. "Gambling patterns and associated risk and protective factors among Finnish young people." Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs 36, no. 2 (April 2019): 161–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1455072518779657.

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Background and aims: In recent years online gambling has become a potential risk for young people. The purpose of this study was to analyse patterns of gambling activities and their association with behavioural risk factors and protective factors. Data and Method: A demographically balanced sample of Finnish respondents aged 15–25 years ( N = 1200) filled out an online survey in March–April 2017. Principal component analysis was used to reduce the variables on gambling activities to smaller sets of components, and regression analysis was used to analyse whether behavioural risk factors and protective factors were associated with the gambling patterns found. Results: Two main components were found: online- and skill-based competent gambling and chance-based entertainment gambling. Competent gambling had statistically significant associations with a variety of behavioural problems and risks, including psychological distress, lower social support, lower delay of gratification, hazardous drinking, regular drug use, compulsive Internet use, and problem gambling. Entertainment gambling was associated with lower delay gratification, hazardous drinking, and problem gambling. Entertainment gambling had a negative association with compulsive Internet use and a positive association with social support. Conclusions: Online-based competent gambling is a potentially hazardous form of gambling. New forms of online gambling are potential risks for younger generations. Health professionals working with young people should be aware of the role of online gambling and associated activities.

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Laprevote, V., A. L. Devin, B. Blanc, and R. Schwan. "Influence of Impulsivity During Decision-making in Regular Cannabis Users." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): S205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.2162.

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IntroductionRegular cannabis use is associated with cognitive impairments, including impaired decision making measured by the Iowa Gambling Task. The question remains whether the impulsivity measured in regular cannabis users may participate to impaired decision making. Interestingly, the Cambridge Gambling Task (CGT) is a computerized gambling task allows to differentiate risk taking and impulsivity when making a decision.AimsThis study aims at separately exploring the impact of regular cannabis use on risk taking and impulsivity during decision making process.ObjectivesTo do so, we compared the performance of regular cannabis users and healthy controls during the CGT.MethodsForty-three regular cannabis users (> 7 units/week) with a cannabis use disorder (CUD), 8 non-CUD regular cannabis users and 30 healthy controls were recruited. Decision-making was assessed using the CGT. The following outcomes were considered: Delay aversion score, Overall proportion bet, quality of decision making, risk taking and risk adjustment.ResultsThe analysis on delay aversion score showed a group effect (F = 3.839, P = 0.026) but no effect on other CGT variables. This effect was explained by the fact that cannabis CUD users had a higher delay aversion score than healthy controls and non-CUD cannabis users.ConclusionsIn this study, CUD cannabis users had an increased impulsivity but no increase of risk taking and quality of decision-making. Future work should include the CGT with a clinical scale to evaluate impulsivity and a motor inhibition task to understand if the impairment observed relates to cognitive or motor abilities.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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Yi, Sunghwan, Melissa Stewart, Pamela Collins, and Sherry H. Stewart. "The Activation of Reward Versus Relief Gambling Outcome Expectancies in Regular Gamblers: Relations to Gambling Motives." Journal of Gambling Studies 31, no. 4 (June 12, 2014): 1515–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10899-014-9474-1.

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Svensson, Jessika, and Ulla Romild. "Problem Gambling Features and Gendered Gambling Domains Amongst Regular Gamblers in a Swedish Population-Based Study." Sex Roles 70, no. 5-6 (February 12, 2014): 240–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11199-014-0354-z.

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Stewart, Melissa J., Sherry H. Stewart, Sunghwan Yi, and Michael Ellery. "Predicting gambling behaviour and problems from implicit and explicit positive gambling outcome expectancies in regular gamblers." International Gambling Studies 15, no. 1 (January 2, 2015): 124–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14459795.2014.1000357.

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Hilbrecht, Margo, David Baxter, Max Abbott, Per Binde, Luke Clark, David C. Hodgins, Darrel Manitowabi, et al. "The Conceptual Framework of Harmful Gambling: A revised framework for understanding gambling harm." Journal of Behavioral Addictions 9, no. 2 (June 2020): 190–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/2006.2020.00024.

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AbstractBackground and aimsThe Conceptual Framework of Harmful Gambling moves beyond a symptoms-based view of harm and addresses a broad set of factors related to the risks and effects of gambling harmfully at the individual, family, and community levels. Coauthored by international research experts and informed by multiple stakeholders, Gambling Research Exchange (GREO) facilitated the framework development in 2013 and retains responsibility for regular updates and mobilization. This review article presents information about the revised version of the Conceptual Framework of Harmful Gambling completed in late 2018.MethodsWe describe eight interrelated factors depicted in the framework that represent major themes in gambling ranging from the specific (gambling environment, exposure, gambling types, and treatment resources) to the general (cultural, social, psychological, and biological influences). After outlining the framework development and collaborative process, we highlight new topics for the recent update that reflect changes in the gambling landscape and prominent discourses in the scientific community. Some of these topics include social and economic impacts of gambling, and a new model of understanding gambling related harm.Discussion and conclusionsWe address the relevance of the CFHG to the gambling and behavioral addictions research community. Harm-based frameworks have been undertaken in other areas of addiction that can both inform and be informed by a model dedicated to harmful gambling. Further, the framework brings a multi-disciplinary perspective to bear on antecedents and factors that co-occur with harmful gambling.

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Armstrong, Tess, Matthew Rockloff, Matthew Browne, and Alexander Blaszczynski. "Training gamblers to re-think their gambling choices: How contextual analytical thinking may be useful in promoting safer gambling." Journal of Behavioral Addictions 9, no. 3 (October 12, 2020): 766–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/2006.2020.00049.

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AbstractBackground and aimsHarmful gambling has been associated with the endorsement of fallacious cognitions that promote excessive consumption. These types of beliefs stem from intuitively derived assumptions about gambling that are fostered by fast-thinking and a lack of objective, critical thought. The current paper details an experiment designed to test whether a four-week online intervention to strengthen contextual analytical thinking in gamblers is effective in changing gamblers cognitions and encouraging safer gambling consumption.MethodsNinety-four regular gamblers who reported experiencing gambling-related harm were randomly allocated to either an experimental (n = 46) or control condition (n = 48), including 45 males, ranging from 19 to 65 years of age (M = 36.61; SD = 9.76). Following baseline measurement of gambling beliefs and prior week gambling consumption, participants in the experimental condition were required to complete an adaption of the Gamblers Fallacy Questionnaire designed to promote analytical thinking by educating participants on common judgement errors specific to gambling once a week for four weeks. Post-intervention measures of beliefs and gambling consumption were captured in week five.ResultsThe experimental condition reported significantly fewer erroneous cognitions, greater endorsement of protective cognitions, and reduced time spent gambling post-intervention compared to baseline. The control group also reported a reduction in cognitions relating to predicting and controlling gambling outcomes.ConclusionCognitive interventions that encourage gamblers to challenge gambling beliefs by reflecting on gambling involvement and promoting critical thinking may be an effective tool for reducing the time people invest in gambling activities.

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Clarke, Dave. "Motivational Differences between Slot Machine and Lottery Players." Psychological Reports 96, no. 3 (June 2005): 843–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.96.3.843-848.

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Little research has investigated motivational differences between players on specific recreational gambling activities. The present study compared 17 slot machine gamblers and 47 state lottery players on the Gambling Motivation Scale. Ages ranged from 17 to 49 years ( M = 28.7, SD = 9.8). Nonparametric tests showed significant differences between the two groups on motivation, but not for sex and age. Compared with lottery players, slot machine gamblers scored higher on motivation for stimulation, tension release, and feelings of importance. Both were almost equally highly motivated for rewards. The findings were discussed in terms of reasons why regular players continue in their preferred forms of gambling.

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Vergura, Donata Tania, and Beatrice Luceri. "THE ANTECEDENTS OF GAMBLING BEHAVIOUR FROM A SOCIAL MARKETING PERSPECTIVE." Journal of Gambling Business and Economics 9, no. 1 (May 29, 2015): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5750/jgbe.v9i1.880.

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This paper investigates Italian gamblers’ behaviour with particular reference to the intensity of participation and economic involvement. Despite the high incidence of gambling among the Italian population, studies aimed at investigating gambling behaviour are lacking. Therefore, the objective of the paper is to identify the main factors that promote and maintain such behaviour. A survey was conducted using a sample of regular and occasional gamblers. Regression analysis showed that socio-demographic characteristics (gender, income and level of education) significantly affect gambling involvement. In addition, the use of the online channel, the self-limitation of budget and the habit of getting rid of coins received as change - an aspect of gambling behaviour never analysed in the literature - are important predictors of the intensity of participation and level of spending. The study integrates previous findings on the consumer purchasing process. The results are useful for designing social marketing strategies aimed at reducing the demand and promoting responsible gambling.

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Cardullo, Stefano, Luis Javier Gomez Perez, Linda Marconi, Alberto Terraneo, Luigi Gallimberti, Antonello Bonci, and Graziella Madeo. "Clinical Improvements in Comorbid Gambling/Cocaine Use Disorder (GD/CUD) Patients Undergoing Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS)." Journal of Clinical Medicine 8, no. 6 (May 30, 2019): 768. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm8060768.

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(1) Background: Pathological gambling behaviors may coexist with cocaine use disorder (CUD), underlying common pathogenic mechanisms. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has shown promise as a therapeutic intervention for CUD. In this case series, we evaluated the clinical effects of rTMS protocol stimulating the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) on the pattern of gambling and cocaine use. (2) Methods: Gambling severity, craving for cocaine, sleep, and other negative affect symptoms were recorded in seven patients with a diagnosis of gambling disorder (South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS) >5), in comorbidity with CUD, using the following scales: Gambling-Symptom Assessment Scale (G-SAS), Cocaine Craving Questionnaire (CCQ), Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), and Symptoms checklist-90 (SCL-90). The measures were assessed before the rTMS treatment and after 5, 30, and 60 days of treatment. Patterns of gambling and cocaine use were assessed by self-report and regular urine screens. (3) Results: Gambling severity at baseline ranged from mild to severe (mean ± Standard Error of the Mean (SEM), G-SAS score baseline: 24.42 ± 2.79). G-SAS scores significantly improved after treatment (G-SAS score Day 60: 2.66 ± 1.08). Compared to baseline, consistent improvements were significantly seen in craving for cocaine and in negative-affect symptoms. (4) Conclusions: The present findings provide unprecedent insights into the potential role of rTMS as a therapeutic intervention for reducing both gambling and cocaine use in patients with a dual diagnosis.

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Wulfert, Edelgard, Kristen Harris, and James Broussard. "The Role of Cross-Cue Reactivity in Coexisting Smoking and Gambling Habits." Journal of Gambling Issues, no. 32 (May 1, 2016): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4309/jgi.2016.32.3.

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Cigarette smoking is the most common addictive behaviour co-occurring with problem gambling. Based on classical conditioning, smoking and gambling cues may acquire conditioned stimulus properties that elicit cravings for both behaviours. This study examined cross-cue reactivity in 75 men who were regular smokers, poker players or cigarette-smoking poker players. Participants were exposed to discrete cigarette, poker and neutral cues while skin conductance and psychological urges to smoke and gamble were measured. Results showed evidence of cross-cue reactivity based on skin conductance, and subjective response to smoking cues; subjective response to gambling cues was less clear. Smoking gamblers showed greater skin conductance reactivity to cues, and stronger subjective urges to smoke to smoking and gambling cues, compared to individuals who only smoked or only gambled. This study demonstrates evidence for cross-cue reactivity between a substance and a behavioural addiction, and the results encourage further research.

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Stewart, Melissa J., Sunghwan Yi, and Sherry H. Stewart. "Effects of Gambling-Related Cues on the Activation of Implicit and Explicit Gambling Outcome Expectancies in Regular Gamblers." Journal of Gambling Studies 30, no. 3 (April 16, 2013): 653–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10899-013-9383-8.

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Meyer, Gerhard, Berthold P. Hauffa, Manfred Schedlowski, Cornelius Pawlak, Michael A. Stadler, and Michael S. Exton. "Casino gambling increases heart rate and salivary cortisol in regular gamblers." Biological Psychiatry 48, no. 9 (November 2000): 948–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0006-3223(00)00888-x.

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Moubarac, Jean-Claude, N. Will Shead, and Jeffrey L. Derevensky. "Bingo playing and problem gambling: A review of our current knowledge." Journal of Gambling Issues, no. 24 (July 1, 2010): 164. http://dx.doi.org/10.4309/jgi.2010.24.10.

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Bingo has a long history as a popular gambling game. Previous research on bingo has been almost exclusively limited to qualitative research. Consequently, little is known about the prevalence of bingo playing, the potential risks associated with regular bingo playing, and its possible influence on the development of problem gambling. The present paper provides a review of the literature on bingo in Western countries using published articles focused on bingo and reports of broad-based gambling surveys containing data on bingo participation. Available data show relatively high rates of past-year bingo participation among adolescents. Within the adult population, females and individuals in poor health reported the highest bingo participation rates. Three general groups of bingo players were identified: low-income individuals, seniors, and young adults. It is argued that although bingo is generally viewed by the public as a "soft" form of gambling, it has the potential to lead to significant problems.

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Browne, Matthew, Nerilee Hing, Matthew Rockloff, Alex M. T. Russell, Nancy Greer, Fiona Nicoll, and Garry Smith. "A Multivariate Evaluation of 25 Proximal and Distal Risk-Factors for Gambling-Related Harm." Journal of Clinical Medicine 8, no. 4 (April 13, 2019): 509. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm8040509.

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Individual differences in the risk of developing gambling-related harm play an important role in theoretical models and practical interventions. The present study attempted comprehensive measurement and evaluation of 25 known risk factors for gambling-related harm in order to determine which factors provided large and unique explanatory power. We surveyed 1650 regular gamblers from an online panel, screening in 1174 (466 male) who passed all checks of attention and response consistency. We evaluated each risk factor based on bivariate correlations with harms, then made separate multivariate evaluations of proximal (e.g., gambling motivations) and distal (e.g., religiosity) risk factors. Almost all bivariate correlations were significant, but most distal factors were not significant in multivariate models. Trait impulsivity was the most important risk factor by a large margin. Excessive consumption, less use of safe gambling practices, and more fallacies were key proximal risks of harm. Many well-known correlates of gambling harm (e.g., youth, lower educational attainment) do not show a direct role in the development of gambling harm when controlling for other factors. The results support theoretical models that emphasise early conditioning and biological vulnerability (manifested through impulsivity). Since maladaptive cognitive and behavioural schemas appear to be more important than motivations (e.g., escape, excitement, ego), interventions may benefit by targeting these proximal drivers of harm.

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Bestman, Amy, Samantha L. Thomas, Melanie Randle, Hannah Pitt, Rebecca Cassidy, and Mike Daube. "‘Everyone knows grandma’. Pathways to gambling venues in regional Australia." Health Promotion International 35, no. 6 (December 23, 2019): 1273–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/heapro/daz120.

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Abstract In regional Australia, families (including children), attend community venues that contain gambling products, such as electronic gambling machines (EGMs), for a range of non-gambling reasons. However, there is a gap in research that seeks to understand how these venues may become embedded into family social practices. Drawing on Bourdieu’s concepts of habitus and cultural capital, this paper aimed to explore factors that influence family decisions to attend venues and perceptions of risk associated with children’s exposure to gambling products. Face-to-face qualitative interviews were conducted with 31 parents who attended community gambling venues with their children, in New South Wales, Australia. Families attended venues for three key reasons, first because of the influence of others in their social networks, second for regular social activities and third because of structural factors such as a lack of alternative, affordable, family friendly environments in their local area. Despite recognizing the harm associated with EGMs, parents distanced themselves from EGM harm with all parents perceiving venues to be an appropriate space for families. Research in this study indicates that family social practices within venues affect perceptions of risk associated with community gambling venues. The impact of these practices on longer-term health requires more investigation by public health and health promotion researchers and practitioners. Health promotion initiatives should consider identifying alternative sources of support and/or developing alternative social spaces for families in regional communities that do not contain gambling products.

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Gonzálvez-Vallés, Juan Enrique, José Daniel Barquero-Cabrero, David Caldevilla-Domínguez, and Almudena Barrientos-Báez. "Tipsters and Addiction in Spain. Young People’s Perception of Influencers on Online Sports Gambling." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 11 (June 7, 2021): 6152. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18116152.

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This research analyzes young people’s perception of the presence of tipsters as influencers on online sports gambling and whether their presence can promote addiction to this activity. To achieve this goal, we designed a questionnaire that was administered to young people in public universities in Madrid, being answered by 1032 individuals, out of whom 613 claimed to be regular bettors. We proceeded to the factor analysis of the variables with a high or very high correlation, and results showed that young people perceive a clear relationship between gambling and addiction. An even more enlightening aspect is the result that links tipsters with addiction to online sports gambling; young people’s perception correlates both concepts with extraordinary strength. This study’s main conclusion makes it clear that there is a huge amount of influence of tipsters on the world of online sports betting, as well as the risk of marrying these two concepts, since young people perceive that either they or others could be initiated into the world of problem gambling.

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Hultman, C., S. Vadlin, M. Rehn, K. Nilsson, and C. Åslund. "Autonomic responses during gambling: the effect of outcome type and sex in a large community sample of young adults." European Psychiatry 65, S1 (June 2022): S299—S300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.764.

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Introduction Autonomic arousal is believed to be an underlying reinforcer for problematic gambling behavior. Theories suggests that near-misses (outcomes falling just short of a true win) are structural characteristics affecting emotion and motivation while increasing gambling persistence. Objectives Psychophysiological responses to different outcomes in gambling were investigated in a community-based sample of young adults. Furthermore, sex differences in responses to different gambling outcomes were investigated. Methods Young adults (n=270) performed a simplified virtual slot machine producing wins, two types of near-misses (before/after payline) and full-misses, with simultaneous measurements of heart rate (HR) and skin conductance responses (SCR). Self-reports of perceived chance of winning, pleasure and motivation to play were given by the participants on each trial. Results Near-misses were associated with the largest HR acceleration compared to wins and full-misses, and larger HR deceleration and SCRs compared to full-misses. Differential autonomic and subjective reports were observed for near-misses subtypes, suggesting that near-misses are processed differently depending on their position before or after payline. Females showed larger SCR responses and increased motivation following wins compared to males. Conclusions Slot machine gambling outcomes elicit differential physiological and subjective responses in young adults. Specifically, near-misses produce larger autonomic responses compared to regular full-misses. However, near-misses are complex, multifaceted events producing various emotional responses depending on their characterization. Males and females respond differently to wins, highlighting the importance of considering sex differences in experimental research on autonomic responses in gambling. Disclosure No significant relationships.

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Marin, S. Garcia, I. De Haro Garcia, N. Martinez Pedrosa, M. D. Ortega García, V. Marti Garnica, S. Galiano Rus, A. Soler Iborte, and P. Lucas Borja. "New horizons of dual pathology, report of a case." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): S472. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.543.

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IntroductionPathological gambling, as behavioural addiction, is always related with psychosocial important problems. In this case, everything is even more difficult due to grave mental disease associated, Paranoid Schizophrenia. Man, 26 years old, single. He was diagnosed of psychotic disease at the beginning due to his grave addiction to THC and others stimulant drugs. His outpatient treatment was complicated and he needed to be hospitalised once (being diagnosed of Schizophrenia). After that, he improved till he got a standardised job. He was able to have his medical treatment (Aripriprazol 15 mgs per day and Biperidene 4 mgs per day) although he kept his isolation. Then, the patient could talk about his pathological gambling. He suffered from slot machine addiction, and he also suffered from depression symptoms closely related to family and economic problems due to pathological gambling. This patient was in contemplation state and he accepted to start with antidepressant (Mirtazapine 15 mgs per day) and psychological treatment. We agreed to make a record of his gambling uses (with regular self-reports). His salary would be administered by his parents and he only could take a little money every week. The treatment was useful; it increased the capacity of economic self-management and the recovery of depression disease related.ConclusionsIn our opinion, he used gambling as filling a need for activity, and as a way of connecting with society/world. These findings suggest the need for improved prevention and treatment efforts related to problem/pathological gambling in individuals with psychotic disorders.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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Delfabbro, Paul. "The Stubborn Logic of Regular Gamblers: Obstacles and Dilemmas in Cognitive Gambling Research." Journal of Gambling Studies 20, no. 1 (2004): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:jogs.0000016701.17146.d0.

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Barrault, Servane, and Isabelle Varescon. "Cognitive Distortions, Anxiety, and Depression Among Regular and Pathological Gambling Online Poker Players." Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking 16, no. 3 (March 2013): 183–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2012.0150.

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Shepherd, Lee, and Mark Dickerson. "Situational coping with loss and control over gambling in regular poker machine players." Australian Journal of Psychology 53, no. 3 (December 2001): 160–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00049530108255140.

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de Castro, Viviane, Daniel Fuentes, and Hermano Tavares. "The Gambling Follow-up Scale: Development and Reliability Testing of a Scale for Pathological Gamblers under Treatment." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 50, no. 2 (February 2005): 81–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674370505000202.

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Objective: To provide preliminary data on the Gambling Follow-Up Scale (GFS), a new scale assessing recovering gamblers. Secondary goals included assessing the impact of “work status,” “family relationship,” “leisure,” and “enrolment in Gamblers Anonymous (GA)” on gambling (all items from the scale), together with the impact of treatment. Method: Using the GFS, 3 independent raters interviewed gamblers under treatment. The sample was collected in 2 university centres in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. Patients attended psychotherapy coupled with psychiatric follow-up, participation in GA, or both. Results: We interviewed 47 pathological gamblers; 13 were interviewed twice, with a minimum interval of 6 months, for a total of 60 GFS interviews. Interviews took on average 6.0 minutes, SD 2.7. Interrater concordance ranged from 82% to 95% (intraclass correlation coefficient range 0.85 to 0.99, P < 0.001). A factorial analysis showed a 1-factor solution (Eigenvalue = 2.4, 47.6% of total variance accounted). “Leisure,” “frequency and time gambling,” and “family relationship” showed considerable loadings (0.84; 0.71; 0.71), whereas “enrolment in GA” and “work status” showed moderate loadings (0.59; 0.56). A linear regression model significantly correlated gambling ( R2 = 0.356; P < 0.001) with “leisure” and length of treatment. Treatment modalities affected “leisure” ( F2,43 = 5.00, P = 0.011), with GA attendees reporting more regular and gratifying activities. Conclusions: The GFS showed interrater reliability and construct validity. More leisure and lengthier treatment were significantly related to less gambling. GA enrolment seemed to particularly benefit the quality of leisure. Future studies could profit from the quickness and simple structure of the GFS in providing shareable outcome measures.

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Mills, Devin J., and Lia Nower. "Preliminary findings on cryptocurrency trading among regular gamblers: A new risk for problem gambling?" Addictive Behaviors 92 (May 2019): 136–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2019.01.005.

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Bouju, Gaëlle, Marie Grall-Bronnec, Virginie Quistrebert-Davanne, Jean-Benoit Hardouin, and Jean-Luc V_nisse. "Texas hold'em poker: a qualitative analysis of gamblers' perceptions." Journal of Gambling Issues, no. 28 (December 1, 2013): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.4309/jgi.2013.28.4.

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The authors examined gamblers' perceptions of Texas Hold'Em (HE) poker, especially regarding excessive behaviours and the nature of skill involved. Sixteen regular HE gamblers were assessed through a semi-structured interview and took part in a session of gambling exposure. A qualitative thematic analysis and a comparative analysis on problem and social gamblers were performed. Problem gamblers had an emotional profile that was characterized by a lack of self-regulation and difficulties with delayed gratification. The desire to take on a new persona through poker seems to be implicated in excessive poker behaviours. Three kinds of skills came to the fore: technical skills (mastery of rules and strategies), psychological skills (self-regulation and accurate analysis of adversaries), and financial skills (the ability to correctly assess the financial risk). The results support the fact that poker deserves to be set apart from other gambling forms, especially when it comes to prevention and treatment.

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King, Daniel L., Anastasia Ejova, and Paul H. Delfabbro. "Illusory Control, Gambling, and Video Gaming: An Investigation of Regular Gamblers and Video Game Players." Journal of Gambling Studies 28, no. 3 (September 17, 2011): 421–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10899-011-9271-z.

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Forrest, Cameron J., Daniel L. King, and Paul H. Delfabbro. "The Gambling Preferences and Behaviors of a Community Sample of Australian Regular Video Game Players." Journal of Gambling Studies 32, no. 2 (March 15, 2015): 409–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10899-015-9535-0.

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Wagner, Ben, David Mathar, and Jan Peters. "Gambling Environment Exposure Increases Temporal Discounting but Improves Model-Based Control in Regular Slot-Machine Gamblers." Computational Psychiatry 6, no. 1 (2022): 142–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5334/cpsy.84.

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Barrault, Servane, and Isabelle Varescon. "Online and live regular poker players: Do they differ in impulsive sensation seeking and gambling practice?" Journal of Behavioral Addictions 5, no. 1 (March 2016): 41–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/2006.5.2016.015.

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Currie, Shawn R., Natacha Brunelle, Magali Dufour, Marie-Claire Flores-Pajot, David Hodgins, Louise Nadeau, and Matthew Young. "Use of Self-control Strategies for Managing Gambling Habits Leads to Less Harm in Regular Gamblers." Journal of Gambling Studies 36, no. 2 (December 11, 2019): 685–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10899-019-09918-0.

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Bossak-Herbst, Barbara, and Małgorzata Głowacka-Grajper. "‘An oasis of freedom’ in communist Poland: The horse racetrack in Warsaw in the memory of its regular visitors." Memory Studies 13, no. 6 (July 26, 2018): 1200–1218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1750698018790100.

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In this article the memory narrations of regular visitors to the Służewiec Racetrack in Warsaw are analysed. This, the only one long-term operating horse racetrack in communist Poland, was an enclave within public space, called by racegoers, who are predominantly elderly men, an ‘oasis of freedom’ – distant from the everyday reality and the rules of the official socialist ideology. The intricacies of the memory of regular racegoers are considered in reference to a broader discussion on the phenomenon of ‘post-communist nostalgia’. The nostalgic narrations are not only connected with communism but also with the imaginations of inter-war period’s horseracing. The authors show that contemporary interpretations of the horseracing world in communist Poland in terms of a ‘paradise lost’ expresses not positive assessing of the past but rather the criticism of post-communist times, when Polish horseracing has impoverished. Although the betting pools are now low, the ritualized gambling, practiced within the space of the Warsaw racetrack, seems to restore among the regular racegoers a sense of being in contact with that past better world.

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Lueddeke, Sara E., and Philip A. Higham. "Expertise and Gambling: Using Type 2 Signal Detection Theory to Investigate Differences between Regular Gamblers and Nongamblers." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 64, no. 9 (September 2011): 1850–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17470218.2011.584631.

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Yang, Fan, and Jun Zhang. "The Ranking Prediction of NBA Playoffs Based on Improved PageRank Algorithm." Complexity 2021 (February 12, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6641242.

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It is of great significance to predict the results accurately based on the statistics of sports competition for participants research, commercial cooperation, advertising, and gambling profit. Aiming at the phenomenon that the PageRank page sorting algorithm is prone to subject deviation, the category similarity between pages is introduced into the PageRank algorithm. In the PR value calculation formula of the PageRank algorithm, the factor W(u, v) between pages is added to replace the original Nu (the number of links to page u). In this way, the content category between pages is considered, and the shortcoming of theme deviation will be improved. The time feedback factor in the PageRank-time algorithm is used for reference, and the time feedback factor is added to the first improved PR value calculation formula. Based on statistics from 1230 games during the NBA 2018-2019 regular season, this paper ranks the team strength with improved PageRank algorithm and compares the results with the ranking of regular-season points and the result of playoffs. The results show that it is consistent with the regular-season points ranking in the eastern division by the use of improved PageRank algorithm, but there is a difference in the second ranking in the western division. In the prediction of top four in playoffs, it predicts three of the four teams.

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Monaghan, Sally, and Alex Blaszczynski. "Impact of Mode of Display and Message Content of Responsible Gambling Signs for Electronic Gaming Machines on Regular Gamblers." Journal of Gambling Studies 26, no. 1 (September 3, 2009): 67–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10899-009-9150-z.

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Ucheagwu, Valentine, Paul Okoli, and Rita Ugokwe-Ossai. "Some Neuropsychological Profiles and Personality Traits of Undergraduate Regular Online Football Gamblers (a New Online Gambling Game) in Nigeria." Journal of Gambling Studies 35, no. 1 (November 21, 2018): 171–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10899-018-9812-9.

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Chang, Shun-Chuan. "Can pitcher performance reveal game fixing in baseball? Developing a forensic analysis detection procedure." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 46, no. 2 (February 2, 2018): 259–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.6549.

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Gambling and game-fixing scandals have loomed over the international baseball world and a lack of sports ethics in baseball may lead to many problems. In this study I conducted a textual analysis of reports by prosecutors regarding a pitcher who was investigated but not indicted in 2009 after allegations of game fixing. Drawing upon the statistical records of the season's games for the pitcher that were contained in the prosecutor's reports and game-by-game records for each Chinese Professional Baseball League pitcher in the 2009 regular season, I used the change-point test and difference-in-differences techniques to identify anomalies in the pitcher's play. The results I obtained support information contained in the prosecutors' reports regarding the pitcher's actions. My model is confirmed as an appropriate method of applied behavior analysis for detecting corruption in baseball pitching performance.

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Lam, Desmond, and Richard Mizerski. "Predictability in Pathological Gambling? Applying the Duplication of Purchase Law to the Understanding of Cross-Purchases Between Regular and Pathological Gamblers." Journal of Gambling Studies 33, no. 2 (June 21, 2016): 539–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10899-016-9629-3.

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Tarasova, Sof'ya Yur'evna. "Psychological portrait of a modern young gambler." Психолог, no. 4 (April 2022): 29–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-8701.2022.4.38448.

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In this study, an attempt is made to discover the individual psychological characteristics of a modern young gambler. Gambling is considered as a pathological tendency to gambling. The study involved 40 young people aged 16 to 28, 20 boys and 20 girls, regular visitors of gaming computer clubs. 26 study participants spend more than 3 hours a day in the game. The study was conducted during the Covid-19 epidemic. The purpose of the study was to describe the portrait of a modern gambler. At the same time, we were interested in the manifestations of anxiety, aggressiveness and hostility detected by quantitative and qualitative research methods. Hostility was studied by the method of syndrome analysis. The first stage of the study was to conduct survey methods, including MMPI, the Bass-Perry questionnaire, the humorous phrases test, and the Rokich value orientation test. The second stage included methods of qualitative personality analysis. According to the MMPI questionnaire, normatively lowered personality profiles were obtained, which may be associated with an increased sense of caution and distrust. Profile increases were found on the psychasthenia scale in 26 of the examined, on the hypochondria scale in 23 of the examined, which suggests the presence of somatization of anxiety in the portrait of a gambler. Hostility as a factor of readiness for aggression positively correlates with most basic MMPI scales. A trend has been found: women are more hypochondriacal than men. The hand test results are consistent with the MMPI. According to the results of a pathopsychological examination, 22 of the examined revealed autoaggressive personality tendencies, somatization of anxiety. The maladaptivity of gamblers confirms the fear of being funny. For the averaged MMPI profiles, there are differences between gamblers and the control group on schizoidness at the trend level.This study has shown that anxiety and depression, traditionally attributed to players, can increase during Covid-19. Problematic, active players who are willing to play secretly during quarantine are probably at risk.

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Hana, Kharis Fadlullah. "Dialektika Hukum Trading Saham Syariah di Bursa Efek Indonesia." TAWAZUN : Journal of Sharia Economic Law 1, no. 2 (September 30, 2018): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.21043/tawazun.v1i2.5073.

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This study aims to find out how the legal basis and stock trading transactions that occur in the Islamic capital market in Indonesia. This study uses a field research method that discusses legal issues regarding stock trading based on field studies from various relevant sources. The capital market is a place for corporate activities to seek additional funds to finance its business activities. In Indonesia alone there are two capital markets, namely the regular capital market and the Islamic capital market. The Islamic capital market is a new breakthrough that has been carried out as a solution to the current trend of halal investment. It also becomes very interesting for the community, especially for Muslim communities to invest their capital in the company to get results and can participate in developing the company, but the reality that happens in the market is that many companies that have been listed on the stock exchange are still operating in accordance with sharia principles . The Islamic capital market can simply be interpreted as a capital market that implements sharia principles in economic transaction activities and apart from things that are prohibited such as usury, gambling and speculation.

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Tandon, Rajat, Pithayuth Charnsethikul, Ishank Arora, Dhiraj Murthy, and Jelena Mirkovic. "I know what you did on Venmo: Discovering privacy leaks in mobile social payments." Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies 2022, no. 3 (July 2022): 200–221. http://dx.doi.org/10.56553/popets-2022-0069.

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Venmo is a US-based mobile social payments platform. Each Venmo transaction requires a “payment note”, a brief memo. By default, these memos are visible to all other Venmo users. Using three data sets of Venmo transactions, which span 8 years and a total of 389 M transactions with over 22.5 M unique users, we quantify the extent of private data leaks from public transaction notes. To quantify the leaks, we develop a classification framework SENMO, that uses BERT and regular expressions to classify public transaction notes as sensitive or non-sensitive. We find that 41 M notes (10.5%) leak some sensitive information such as health condition, political orientation and drug/alcohol consumption involving 8.5 M (37.8%) users. We further find that users seek privacy by making their notes private, inconspicuous or cryptic. However, the large increase in Venmo’s user base means that the number of users whose privacy is publicly exposed has grown substantially. Finally, the privacy of a user who transacts with a group on Venmo can be reduced or eliminated through the actions of other users. We find that this happens to around half of Alcoholics Anonymous, gambling and biker gang group members. Our findings strongly suggest that public-by-default payment information puts many users at risk of unintended privacy leaks.

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Lastrucci, Vieri, Marco Lazzeretti, Francesco Innocenti, Chiara Lorini, Alice Berti, Caterina Silvestri, Fabrizio Chiesi, et al. "Trends in Adolescent Health Risk Behaviors and Wellbeing: A 10 Year Observation from the EDIT Surveillance of Tuscany Region, Italy." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 11 (June 3, 2022): 6863. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19116863.

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Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the trends of prevalence of health risk behaviors (HRBs) and health conditions over a 10 year period (2008–2018) in a representative sample of adolescents of Tuscany Region, Italy. Methods: This was a repeated cross-sectional (four survey waves) study. The prevalence of 17 HRBs and health conditions were analyzed by age, sex, and socioeconomic status (SES). Results: A total of 21,943 students were surveyed. During the study period, decreases in smoking participation, cocaine use, driving under the influence of alcohol and drugs, and problem gambling were observed, while alcohol abuse and at-risk sexual behaviors remained unchanged or increased. Males resulted more frequently involved in most of the HRBs, while females more frequently reported physical inactivity, regular smoking, and not using a condom. Female participation in smoking and alcohol abuse behaviors, fruit and vegetable consumption, and bullying worsened over the study period. Smoking, poor dietary habits, physical inactivity, high distress level, and obesity were more frequently observed in low-SES students than in high-SES students. Conclusions: The findings showed different tendencies in adolescent participation in HRBs over the last decade; concerning trends in at-risk sexual behaviors and alcohol consumption and females’ risk-taking behavior on the rise require careful monitoring.

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Giordano, Giulia, Manuel Gómez-López, and Marianna Alesi. "Sports, Executive Functions and Academic Performance: A Comparison between Martial Arts, Team Sports, and Sedentary Children." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 22 (November 9, 2021): 11745. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182211745.

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It is well known that curricular physical activity benefits children’s executive functions and academic performance. Therefore, this study aimed to determine whether there is an influence of extracurricular sports on executive functions and academic performance. However, it is less known which specific types of the sport better enhance executive functions in children; to investigate this issue, this study compared the performance on executive functions tasks and academic performance in one hundred and two boys and girls with an average age of 11.84 years recruited from Italian schools and gyms (N = 102), who participated in martial arts or team sports or were sedentary children. Executive functions were measured with the tests: Attenzione e Concentrazione, Digit Span test, Tower of London, IOWA Gambling task BVN 5-11, and BVN 12-18. Results demonstrated that children practicing martial arts showed better executive functioning and higher school marks than those involved in team sports or not involved in any sports. Furthermore, participants aged 12 to 15 years old outperformed in cool and hot executive functions tasks and had a better academic performance. Thus, the present findings supported the view that regular practice of extracurricular sports enhances executive functions development and consequently influences academic performance.

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O'Connor, Philip, and Feng Zhou. "THE TRADESPORTS NFL PREDICTION MARKET: AN ANALYSIS OF MARKET EFFICIENCY, TRANSACTION COSTS, AND BETTOR PREFERENCES." Journal of Prediction Markets 2, no. 1 (December 14, 2012): 45–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5750/jpm.v2i1.435.

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We investigated 1,587 Tradesports point spread contracts for NFL games during the 2005/06 season. Differing point spreads create differing odds, meaning we could test for the traditional favorite long shot bias in NFL betting. We found that there was no favorite long shot bias. However, the market underestimated the chances of the favored team winning by about 10% across all odds categories, and this bias persisted throughout the season. We found relatively low transaction costs. For a price-taker, the Tradesports “Vegas-line” point spread had a 2.2% total takeout including exchange fees, about half of the 4.55% takeout of traditional legal bookmakers. Contracts with a price around 50, creating even money returns to bets on both teams, and higher volume contracts, had lower transaction costs. Participants were found to prefer the Las Vegas line point spread contract followed by the straight-up contract. Trading volume during the game (in-running) was about twice the trading volume leading up to the game. Teams with better season records and from cities with larger populations generated a higher volume of trades. Sunday night and Monday night games generated about four times more volume than regular Sunday games.Helpful comments were provided by Adi Schnytzer and participants of the 2007 University of California-Riverside Growth of Gambling and Prediction Markets Conference, and an excellent anonymous referee. We thank Jared Hunt for computer assistance.

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Dedic, Gordana, and Milivoje Panic. "Suicide risk factors in the professional military personnel in the Army of Serbia." Vojnosanitetski pregled 67, no. 4 (2010): 303–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vsp1004303d.

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Background/Aim. Recognition of suicide risk factors is important in taking adequate suicide preventive measures, Suicide Prevention Program for Professional Military Personnel (PMP) implemented in the Army of Serbia in 2003. The aim of our study was to establish suicide risk factors in PMP of the Army of Serbia. Methods. Analysis of suicide risk factors in PMP was carried out on the basis of data obtained by psychological suicide autopsy. The controls were demographically similar psychiatric outpatients with no history of suicidal behavior. A descriptive statistics method was used for risk factors analysis. The t-test was used for testing statistical hypotheses. Results. A total of 30 PMP, aged 22-49 years (30.53 ? 6.24 on average) committed suicide within the period 1998-2007. Distal suicide risk factors in PMP were considered to be not being married, psychiatric heredity, having no outpatient psychiatric treatment, gambling, regular physical practice (bodybuilding), less transfer to a different post, low motivation for military service (p < 0.001), not having children, parental loss in early childhood, alcohol abuse (p < 0.005), low salary (p < 0.01) uncompleted military school, debts in the family (p < 0.05). The commonest proximal suicide risk factors were: actual family problems (36.6%), actual mental problems (13.3%), burnout (13.3%), negative balance of accounts (13.3%), professional problems (6.7%), behavioral model while for 10.0% PMP suicide risk factors could not be established. Conclusion. According to the presence of multiple suicide risk factors, Suicide Prevention Program for PMP in the Army of Serbia is directed to the prevention of both proximal and distal suicide risk factors.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Regular gambling'

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