Academic literature on the topic 'Règles d'assemblage des communautés'
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Journal articles on the topic "Règles d'assemblage des communautés"
Burridge, Claire. "Preuves ostéologiques de pratiques alimentaires anciennes : une nouvelle piste pour l’étude des réformes carolingiennes." Cahiers de civilisation médiévale 265, no. 4 (March 1, 2024): 231–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/ccm.265.0231.
Full textVerwilghen, Michel. "Les règles de droit international privé européen régissant les conflits individuels du travail." Revue générale de droit 22, no. 1 (March 21, 2019): 79–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1058169ar.
Full textValentin, Blaise Iyamba, Merveille Bobina Mposo, Augustin Bedidjo Ular, Toufin Djamba Lundula, Jadis Senga Yenga, Jean-Aubin Akamba Lisoba, Bitota Kaza-di, and Louange Kavugho Muvughe. "Conflits des droits de propriété entre l’Etat congolais et les communautés locales autour des ressources naturelles du Parc National des Virunga en République Démocratique du Congo." Recht in Afrika 26, no. 1 (2023): 110–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/2363-6270-2023-1-110.
Full textVanderputten, Steven. "À quoi sert la renovatio ? Réforme carolingienne et changements institutionnels dans la vie religieuse des ix e et x e siècles." Cahiers de civilisation médiévale 265, no. 4 (March 1, 2024): 263–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/ccm.265.0263.
Full textKaplan, Steven. "Les Corporations, Les « Faux Ouvriers » et Le Faubourg Saint-Antoine au XVIIIe Siècle." Annales. Histoire, Sciences Sociales 43, no. 2 (April 1988): 353–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/ahess.1988.283494.
Full textAgrawal, Arun. "Communautés, gouvernement intime et sujets de l’environnement au Kumaon, Inde." Anthropologie et Sociétés 29, no. 1 (November 18, 2005): 21–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/011739ar.
Full textAdanhounme, Armel Brice, and Adama Ouayiribé Traoré. "Justice (re)distributive autour d’une mine aurifère au Mali : entre légalité et équité, la recherche d’un compromis." Afrique contemporaine N° 277, no. 1 (April 26, 2024): 195–220. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/afco1.277.0195.
Full textRoy, Bernard, Jenni Labarthe, and Judith Petitpas. "Transformations de l’acte alimentaire chez les Innus et rapports identitaires." Anthropologie et Sociétés 37, no. 2 (August 15, 2013): 233–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1017914ar.
Full textBouranane, Brahim, and Laala Ramdani. "LE ROLE DE RESSOURCES HUMAINES DANS UNE DEMARCHE DE DEVELOPPEMENT DURABLE." Dirassat Journal Economic Issue 2, no. 2 (November 1, 2011): 43–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.34118/djei.v2i2.655.
Full textGrammond, Sébastien. "L'appartenance aux communautés inuit du Nunavik: un cas de réception de l'ordre juridique inuit?." Canadian journal of law and society 23, no. 1-2 (April 2008): 93–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0829320100009595.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Règles d'assemblage des communautés"
Cilleros, Kévin. "Diversité et règles d'assemblage des communautés de poissons d'eau douce de Guyane." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30287/document.
Full textTropical ecosystems, especially Amazonian ecosystems, host a great diversity of terrestrial and aquatic organisms. However, the causes and the processes behind this high diversity for freshwater fish assemblages are little known, but their identification will be an asset in the assessment of anthropogenic impacts that are increasing in these regions. We studied the processes that shape the diversity and the structure of freshwater fish assemblages of non-impacted streams and rivers located in French Guiana. Within-assemblage diversity increased along an upstream/downstream gradient and was higher in sites where the habitat was diversified. Species identity changed along this gradient, which created zones along the stream. Spatial relationships between assemblages and their isolation also greatly impacted species assemblages. Using information about species traits (functional diversity) and their phylogenetic relationships (phylogenetic diversity), we showed that within-assemblage diversity was not influenced by the environment or by species interactions. We also confirmed that dispersal limitation, linked with the past history of drainage basins, had a strong effect on assemblage structure in both streams and in rivers. Future investigations on the processes structuring fish assemblages will need to acquire more exhaustive biological data, and therefore to develop an efficient, and non-destructive sampling method. To this aim, we evaluated the efficiency of environmental metabarcoding applied to aquatic assemblages (the molecular identification of species present from a water sample) and compared it to traditional sampling methods. Currently, metabarcoding gives complementary information to traditional sampling. It thus needs developments and further tests to increase its efficiency and allow its use for assembly processes studies. Pursuing the formalization of a conceptual framework to investigate assembly rules together with the development of an efficient fish sampling protocol are now needed to better understand the structure of tropical fish assemblages. Those theoretical and practical developments will contribute to better evaluate anthropogenic disturbances on aquatic ecosystems
Richard, Benoit. "Règles d'assemblage des communautés d'Oligochètes terrestres et relations avec les microorganismes du sol." Rouen, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ROUES051.
Full textEarthworms are an essential component of the soil fauna in many terrestrial ecosystems. As ecosystem engineers, they are involved in many ecological processes taking place at the soil / vegetation interface, they interacted notoriously with soil microbial communities at different spatio-temporal scales. Paradoxically, the rules that govern assembly of their community assembly structure, as well as the functional implications remain poorly known and poorly understood. The aims of the present thesis were to study (i) the factors governing the spatial structure and assemblage compositions of earthworm and soil microbial communities in Haute-Normandie (France) and (ii) to characterize some specific relationships that occur between earthworms and soil microorganisms. For this purpose, we conducted together in situ studies in two temperate pastures and experimental studies. In the first part of this work corresponding to in situ approaches, spatial analysis revealed that earthworm assemblage were structured in areas of high and low densities (patches and gaps, respectively), with a different degree of spatial organization according to the pasture considered. Results also suggested a weak importance of abiotic factors in the spatial distribution of earthworms, and a strong influence of biotic interaction (i. E. Interspecific competition) in the local scale (plot scale). Null models analysis also suggested presence of indirect competition by engineering activities for the anecic guild. At the pasture scale, spatial distribution appeared to be link with some spatial characteristics of earthworm communities. In the second part of this work corresponding to experimental approaches, results showed that the effects of earthworm on soil microbial communities were soil type dependent, species-specific dependent and microscale dependent (soil or cast). In a second experiment, influence of soil microorganisms were tested in the attraction and the foraging behaviour of earthworm species. Some species seemed to be attracted by microbial communities from forest soil. In addition, our results revealed a complex relationship in the determinism of their movements, with a trade-off between mechanisms of niche construction and intraspecific competition. In a general point of view, this study enhances our understanding of the complex relationships existing between two essential communities of soil system, and the factors governing their assemblies
Rondeau, Nathan. "Règles d'assemblage et dynamiques des communautés végétales prairiales : apports de l'étude des distributions de traits." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Clermont Auvergne (2021-...), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UCFA0175.
Full textUnderstanding and predicting the dynamics of biodiversity under global change is a major scientific challenge. However, biodiversity responses to global change are inherently complex. Drivers of change not only affect species diversity and abundance but also alter biotic interactions between species, which may impact community assembly and dynamics. In this context, studying the diversity of functional traits within communities could lead to significant advances, as traits reflect how species respond to and influence their environment. To make the trait-based approach operational for the study of complex ecological systems, we developed an innovative analytical framework based on the study of the shapes of trait distributions. The shapes of trait distributions can be characterised by an inequality between the skewness and the kurtosis, the Skewness-Kurtosis Relationship (SKR). Using this inequality, we developed two key indicators (Chapter 1): the TADeve, which characterises the evenness of trait distributions, and the TADstab, which characterises the stability of trait distributions.Using permanent grasslands as a study model, we highlighted the relevance of studying the evenness (TADeve) and stability (TADstab) of trait distributions in order to disentangle the influence of deterministic processes (e.g. habitat filtering, niche differentiation), while accounting for the inherent stochasticity of ecological systems (Chapter 1). Using a long-term dataset of managed permanent grasslands (17-years), we demonstrated that the temporal variability of trait distributions was not random, but depended on management practices (Chapter 2). Intensively managed grasslands (high levels of fertilisation) are associated with unstable and uneven trait distributions. These results are consistent with predictions of the “habitat filtering” theory and the occurrence of intense competition between plant species that limit local diversity. Conversely, extensively managed grasslands (no fertilisation) were linked to remarkably even and stable trait distributions over time. Furthermore, we also showed that the cessation of fertilisation in extensively-managed grasslands led to a rapid convergence towards even and stable trait distributions, which promoted the long-term recruitment and persistence of a rich and diverse grassland flora. These findings are consistent with a theoretical scenario of niche differentiation, which predicts a stable coexistence among functionally contrasting species. Finally, we found that the high evenness and stability of trait distributions, in extensively managed grasslands, are explained by a functional complementarity between dominant and subordinate species, facilitating the long-term stabilisation of the functional assemblage and of the entire plant community (Chapter 3). Using observational data from various ecological context, we showed that semi-natural and natural plant communities shared a similar functional organisation. The observation of common functional patterns over space and time suggests the existence of general rules governing the assembly, diversity, and dynamics of plant communities.In conclusion, the SKR approach appears to be a suitable tool to study complex dynamic systems, such as ecological systems in the context of global change. In the Anthropocene era, identifying general assembly rules based on functional traits could enable the design of management methods adapted to the conservation and restoration of biodiversity, as well as the maintenance of ecosystem multifunctionality
Jung, Vincent. "Etude de la structuration des communautés végétales des prairies alluviales le long d'un gradient d'inondation." Thesis, Metz, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009METZ010S.
Full textIt is well recognize that the species composition of plant communities is not random and depends on environmental conditions. However, mechanisms controlling species spatial distribution as well as species coexistence within communities remain unknown. This study investigates the structure of meadow plant communities distributed along a flooding gradient. We first quantified the relative importance of abiotic (hydrolory) and biotic (competition) filters at the species level. We demonstrated that species ecological responses along the flooding gradient are shaped by interactive effects between hydrological conditions and competition. Moreover, we demonstrated that competition is more important in constraining upper distribution limits of species (dry end of the gradient) than lower limits. A traitbased approach at the community scale revealed the existence of two niche-based processes (habitat filtering and limiting similarity) that control community assembly. However, the detection of these processes was strongly improved when intraspecific trait variation was included in the analysis. These results demonstrate that intraspecific trait variation should improve our mechanistic understanding of community assembly. An experimental study was carried out to evaluate whether intraspecific variability is involved in the short-term response of meadow species to an important change in hydrological conditions. This study demonstrated that intraspecific variations of leaf traits allow some species to acclimate to a change in hydrolory. Finally, we conducted a proteomics analysis of two Rumex species among different gradient locations. We found strong similarities between intra- and interspecific differentiations of proteomes. Our results underline the link between ecological and evolutionary processes
Almoussawi, Ali. "Importance relative des processus de dispersion et de recrutement dans la dynamique d'assemblage des communautés végétales en paysage agricole." Thesis, Amiens, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AMIE0043.
Full textThe absence of a species from a focal community may be due to either dispersal limitation or recruitment limitation. The present work aims to assess species behavior in different types of landscapes. I first investigated the relationship between alpha and gamma diversity at different scales and for different fragmentation levels in forest fragments embedded in an agricultural landscape matrix. Results highlight the importance of considering species identity when studying the effect of fragmentation on the plant community structure. I then assessed the germination success and persistence of vascular plant species (weeds and herbaceous plants), using semi-controlled experiments. In the first experiment, I studied the germination and persistence success of sown weed species, and their subsequent effect on crop yield, under contrasted agricultural practices. We evidenced a sorting effect of agricultural practices on local plant species composition. In the second experiment, I assessed the potential of hedgerows to serve as habitats for forest plant species. We sought seeds and transplanted seedlings in both hedgerows and forest to monitor germination and persistence, respectively, each time with and without resident vegetation removal to further assess the role of competition. Our preliminary results show that few species germinate and survive in hedgerows, suggesting that both dispersal and recruitment limitations are at play. Results from this work emphasize the importance of community assembly processes in ecosystem conservation and maintaining its delivered services
Kuczynski, Lucie. "Réponses des communautés piscicoles aux changements globaux : patrons et processus." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30206/document.
Full textThe description of spatial patterns as well as temporal dynamics of diversity has been a major cornerstone in modern ecology, especially in the contemporary context of global changes for which a growing concern is notable during last decades. Ecological communities are now acknowledged as the result of species that are sorted by selection from the regional pool. This selection of species is determined by several processes, namely the assembly rules. The two main assembly rules are the habitat filtering, selecting species that are able to inhabit in a given set of abiotic conditions, and the limiting similarity, selecting species for which ecological features are dissimilar in order to avoid a too strong competition and to coexist. The goals of my thesis were to (i) understand spatial patterns of freshwater fish community diversity at large scale, (ii) understand temporal dynamic of this diversity and (iii) describe temporal dynamics of the processes underlying the structuration of communities. In order to do this, data of freshwater fish communities has been analyzed first at continental scale (i.e. European) and then at national scale (i.e. France) for which temporal dimension of the data was also available (time series from 1966 to 2012). Based on the European freshwater diversity, we highlighted that phylogenetic, morphological and ecological facets were complementary. Moreover, climatic conditions, and especially their seasonality, seem to be a major driver of the spatial distribution of diversity. At finer scale and by taking into account the temporality of communities, we found that French freshwater communities experienced taxonomic reorganization due to population declines that ultimately leads to taxonomic homogenization of freshwater diversity in France. Although functional homogenization has been observed due to demographic fluctuations of warm water-dweller and low trophic level species, consequences at large scale remained to be explored. Moreover, since the 90s, habitat filtering increased as structuring force for freshwater fish communities. Finally, this thesis allowed us to validate hypothesis usually associated to spatial patterns of diversity, as mechanisms related to temporal variations of diversity. The stress dominance hypothesis (through temporal trends in temperature seasonality) and preadaption hypothesis (related to non-native species) have been used to understand temporal dynamics of diversity as well as of the assembly rules underlying structuration of communities
Coiffait-Gombault, Clémentine. "Règles d'assemblages et restauration écologique des communautés végétales herbacées méditerranéennes : le cas de la Plaine de La Crau (Bouches-du-Rhône, France)." Phd thesis, Université d'Avignon, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00943535.
Full textDeleglise, Claire. "Hétérogénéité spatiale des composantes spécifiques et fonctionnelles des communautés prairiales subalpines dans un contexte de déprise pastorale." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00609989.
Full textCantera, Isabel. "Effet de l'anthropisation sur les communautés des poissons dans les cours d'eau guyanais : Approche par ADN environnemental." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30302.
Full textNatural ecosystems are facing increasing anthropogenic impacts that alter the diversity of biological communities. Amazonian rivers and streams shelter a unique and vast biodiversity. Yet, they are facing unprecedented deforestation levels due to human activities, such as mining, logging and agriculture. It is therefore urgent to deeply understand how human impacts affect biological communities in these ecosystems. The majority of studies addressing this issue were conducted in small streams and documented changes on species composition, but not responses on local species richness. This work proposes a community ecology approach, in which the connected nature of freshwater ecosystems is considered, to define how deforestation affects diversity patterns, but also the ecological processes shaping fish communities. Environmental DNA (eDNA), a non-invasive sampling method was used to equally sampling fish communities in streams and rivers across French Guiana. Deforested surfaces from spatial data were extracted to create a global deforestation variable that integrates the effects of urbanization, agriculture, gold-mining and logging. This work has optimized and validated the use of eDNA to assess the effects of human activities on species-rich ecosystems, such as tropical streams and rivers. The method showed high replicability, as well as the ability to distinguish local fish communities, habitats and disturbed sites from pristine sites. Moreover, we show that deforestation affected fish biodiversity beyond local effects and reveal an extended effect of distant upstream deforestation on downstream fish biodiversity. Distant and low-intensity deforestation caused a decline of over 30% in taxonomic and functional richness of riverine fish communities. Nonetheless, this perturbation was not determinant on the ecological processes shaping fish communities in rivers nor on the trait composition, which were more influenced by the upstream-downstream gradient than by the deforestation gradient. In stream communities, deforestation leads to changes in species composition, without a significant decrease in species or functional richness. These alterations were mediated by environmental filtering which was reinforced in highly deforested sites. As a result, species were less evenly distributed within the functional space, leaving the traits related to the benthic and phytophagous guild underrepresented while overrepresented by pelagic detritivorous. Our findings strongly support the complexity of deforestation impacts on Amazonian biodiversity. Besides, context-dependent responses, the diversity of freshwater fish communities responded to deforestation in a multifaceted way. This work underlined the vulnerability of tropical fauna to slight environmental changes, even in relatively well-preserved region, such as French Guiana
Garrouj, Myriam. "Restauration écologique des prairies alluviales par transfert de matériel biologique : importance des premières étapes sur les trajectoires des communautés végétales." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0345.
Full textFloodplains house an original and diversified fauna and flora thanks to their spatio-temporal heterogeneity and provide many services to human beings (ecosystem services).However, these ecosystems are subject to various types of threats, such as urbanization or intensification of agricultural activities. These ecosystems are also subject to changes in the processes of species dispersal and proliferation of invasive species influencing their plant communities. In a context of global and national wetland regression, their conservation and restoration is a challenge.The ecological restoration is a discipline based on theories and concepts of fundamental ecology. The ecological restoration is in return a way of testing the concepts of fundamental ecology. Among the processes taking place in the assembly of the community, ecological filters play a key role. Their understanding is necessary to achieve the goals of restoration.On the basis of the approaches of assemblages of plant communities, we identified the processes involved in the first phases of ecological restoration of alluvial floodplains. We learned more about the preparation of initial conditions through tillage, the effects of different types of biological inputs, more and more complete, and the role of the management on trajectories of plant communities during the first years of ecological restoration.First, our results underlined the positive effects of the preparation of the initial soil conditions. It favored the installation of the target plant species. However, this preparation does not need a heavy intervention, such as deep tillage. Interventions, such as mowing and harrowing, aresufficient to enable the recruitment and installation of target species. Our results showed that the transfer of biological material, from seed sowing to soil transfer, enabled to limit the dispersal and availability of wet grassland species, as described in the literature. Finally, our observations highlighted the management effects on plant community trajectories during the first restoration phases. Thus, the maintenance of the mechanical disturbance enables to reinforce the dynamics of the communities towards those of the reference.The different actors of the society (policy manager, stakeholders) are more and more involved in the implementation of restoration programs and this thesis brings concrete elements for the restoration of alluvial floodplains
Books on the topic "Règles d'assemblage des communautés"
Soeurs du Bon Pasteur de Québec. and Soeurs du Bon Pasteur de Québec. Constitutions et règles de la Congrégation des soeurs servantes du Coeur Immaculé de Marie. [Québec?: s.n., 1993.
Find full textMichel, Congrégation de Saint. Règlement des jeunes gens de la Congrégation St. Michel. [S.l: s.n., 1985.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Règles d'assemblage des communautés"
Delodder, Maxim. "« Moi je m’habillais dans les règles » : style et communauté chez Guillaume Dustan." In Communautés interprétatives, 109–22. BRILL, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004697089_009.
Full textPerine, Marcelo. "Violence et exclusion une interprétation éthique." In The Paideia Archive: Twentieth World Congress of Philosophy, 193–98. Philosophy Documentation Center, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/wcp20-paideia199841756.
Full textMEUNIER, Jean-marc. "Internet." In Algorithmes et Société, 47–54. Editions des archives contemporaines, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17184/eac.4557.
Full textReports on the topic "Règles d'assemblage des communautés"
État des droits sur le carbone des peuples autochtones, des communautés locales et des peuples afro-descendants dans les terres et forêts des zones tropicales et subtropicales. Rights and Resources Initiative, November 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.53892/avzh6825.
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