Journal articles on the topic 'Regionalism (International organization) Case studies'
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1
Legrenzi, Matteo. "The Gulf Cooperation Council in Light of International Relations Theory." International Area Review 5, no. 2 (September 2002): 21–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/223386590200500202.
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This research attempts to supplement some of the traditional explanations for the creation of the Gulf Cooperation Council. In this regard, this study, first, expose very briefly the connection between the analysis of contemporary regionalism and three major theoretical currents in the study of international relations. Second, it describes the organization, the process by which it came about, its organizational structure and what makes it different from other subregional groupings in the Arab world. Finally, this paper makes some general considerations on the usefulness of culturalist explanations in the fields of alliance theory and security studies. Through these observations, this research concludes that explanations based on identity can supplement strategic explanations based on realist theories.
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Marquis, Greg. "Regime or coalition? Power relations and the urban agenda in Saint John, 1950‐2000." Journal of Enterprising Communities: People and Places in the Global Economy 3, no. 4 (October 16, 2009): 355–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/17506200910999101.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the forces and actors that shaped urban development in a mid‐sized Canadian city over a half century.Design/methodology/approachThis case study adopts a qualitative research approach based on government documents, planning studies, the media and non‐governmental organization sources to examine the applicability of regime theory versus growth coalition theory in the Canadian context.FindingsThe paper concludes that the broader urban agenda in Saint John, with its focus on economic competitiveness, has been shaped by shifting growth coalitions supported by both the private and public sectors.Research limitations/implicationsOne limitation is that analysis is based mainly on documentary evidence and the public statements of elected officials and business interests. Future research would attempt to conduct oral interviews with representative informants.Practical implicationsOne practical implication for urban researchers is the need to look beyond electoral politics and partisanship in order to understand how urban development is shaped in the medium and long term. The research findings suggest also the need for informed citizens to adopt a more critical stance to business and political leaders, and to the local media, in their own communities.Originality/valueThis paper is one of the few to address the politics of urban development in Saint John, New Brunswick's largest city. It also contributes to the literature on regionalism and mid‐sized cities.
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Kupriyanov, Alexey V. "Maritime Regionalism as a Response to a Strategic Challenge: the Legacy of K.M. Panikkar’s Theory." Vostok. Afro-aziatskie obshchestva: istoriia i sovremennost, no. 2 (2022): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s086919080014925-4.
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In recent years, there is a growing interest in the legacy of Kavalam Madhava Panikkar, a scientist, diplomat and naval theorist, who is sometimes called the "Indian Mahan" and "the father of the Indian Navy". K.M. Panikkar was one of the first scholars to try to propose a naval strategy for an independent India. This article is devoted to the analysis of the books and articles of Panikkar, written in 1943–46, and of the evolution of his views on naval strategy. The author claims that Panikkar, on the basis of his historical research, came to the conclusion that India needs a powerful Navy. Being a follower of Mahan, Panikkar believed that the problem of protecting India could be solved by establishing control over the Indian Ocean. He tried to propose an alliance with Great Britain and the creation of a regional security organization. At the same time, Panikkar believed that the strategic interests in Britain would not allow her to leave the region; it will be forced to seek an alliance with the strongest regional power, i.e. India. A significant role in the development of this concept was played by British officials, who tried to create a pool of Indian intelligentsia loyal to the British and supported Panikkar's historical and strategic research. The article analyzes the reasons for the failure of Panikkar's initiatives but concludes that his theoretical constructs are of independent value, and the interest in his works, which has increased in India in recent years, requires their careful analysis.
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Mace, Gordon, Louis Bélanger, and Jean Philippe Thérien. "Regionalism in the Americas and the Hierarchy of Power." Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs 35, no. 2 (1993): 115–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/165947.
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It seems that regionalism is making a comeback nowadays (Rostow, 1990). Not so much in the real world where different types of regional arrangements never ceased to be a functional part of the workings of the international system since the 1950s, but more so in the scientific production of international relations scholars.Those old enough to recollect the 1960s will remember how such journals as International Organization and the Journal of Common Market Studies, to name only two, were filled with articles largely dominated by theoretical and methodological considerations concerning the study of regionalism.
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Katzenstein, Peter J. "Area Studies, Regional Studies, and International Relations." Journal of East Asian Studies 2, no. 1 (February 2002): 127–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1598240800000709.
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This paper discusses area, regional, and international relations studies as seen from the vantage point of the United States. Part I situates the issue of regionalism in the current debate about conceptualizing international relations since the end of the Cold War and at the dawn of a new millennium. Against the historical backdrop of a powerful case for area studies made soon after the end of World War II, Part II focuses attention on the crosscurrents that are affecting area studies from three different directions: (1) disciplinary-based, scientific critics who value nomothetic approaches more than contextualization; (2) cultural critiques developed from the perspective of the humanities and, at times, post-modernism; and (3) the growing emphasis on cross-regional studies that seek to blend and incorporate elements from both scientific and humanistic perspectives. Part III concludes with some brief reflections on the relations, in the classroom, between areas, regional and international studies.
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Rum, Muhammad. "The State of Responsibility to Protect Inception in ASEAN Regionalism." IKAT: The Indonesian Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 3, no. 2 (March 23, 2020): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ikat.v3i2.50317.
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As a regional organization, ASEAN upholds its core principles of non-interference, consultation and consensus. Meanwhile, Responsibility to Protect (R2P) encourages the need for the international community’s intervention to a country that falls to its citizens. Hence, this creates tension between ASEAN principles and R2P. The tension is reflected when the limited capacity of a member state’s government might invite humanitarian intervention from the international community. This research aims to discuss how Southeast Asian regionalism adapts to this situation and is undergoing dynamic reformulation to reconcile ASEAN Way and humanitarian principles. In contemporary Southeast Asian Studies, the extent of R2P inception in ASEAN regional cooperation is understudied. These methods utilize a reductionist approach in I.R. studies by explaining ASEAN through the analysis of individual actors based on a constructivism school of thought. The data taken from the interviews are utilized to confirm ASEAN and member states’ positions. This study argues that the traditional constructivist tipping point measurement for an international norm needs to be revisited. The tipping points for R2P in international forums may not necessarily be well-reflected at the regional level.
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Baracaldo Orjuela, David, and Jean-Marie Chenou. "Regionalism and presidential ideology in the current wave of Latin American integration." International Area Studies Review 22, no. 1 (December 24, 2018): 41–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2233865918815008.
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Latin American regionalism is currently undergoing a profound crisis. Although the recent wave of regionalism of the early 21st century raised high expectations just a few years ago, it has suffered some important drawbacks since, as illustrated by the suspension of Venezuela from Mercosur in 2017 or the debacle of the Union of South American Nations in April 2018. Regional integration theories extrapolated from the European case struggle to account for the short cycles of integration dynamics in Latin America. Against this background, this article emphasizes two important aspects of Latin American regionalism that differentiate Latin America from other regions and explain some of the swift changes experienced over the last decades. First, because of the presidential nature of diplomacy in the region, integration relies more on the success of summits and joint declarations than on longer-term institutional diplomacy. Second, ideology is an essential factor of integration, as opposed to a vision of regionalism based primarily on material interests. Hence, the success and failure of regional integration are partly explained by the convergence of presidential ideologies among member states in a given organization. Based on an expert survey on the evolution of presidential ideology in 15 Latin American countries since the beginning of the 21st century and complemented by a structured discourse analysis, the article explores the importance of ideological coherence in the success – and lack thereof – of four regional organizations (the Pacific Alliance, Mercosur, the Andean Community and the Union of South American Nations). It also illustrates the salience of ideological arguments in presidential discourses on regional integration. These elements shed new light on the ideological factor in the current crisis of Latin American regionalism.
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Mechi, Lorenzo. "Economic Regionalism and Social Stabilisation: the International Labour Organization and Western Europe in the Early Post-War Years." International History Review 35, no. 4 (August 2013): 844–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07075332.2013.813569.
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Beeson, Mark. "Living with Giants: ASEAN and the Evolution of Asian Regionalism." TRaNS: Trans -Regional and -National Studies of Southeast Asia 1, no. 2 (July 2013): 303–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/trn.2013.8.
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AbstractFrom its inception, ASEAN has been shaped by the evolving structure of the international system and the activities of more powerful external actors. This is still the case. What is different now is that the nature of the region of which ASEAN is a part has changed in significant ways. Indeed, the entire structure of the international system has undergone a number of profoundly important changes which have forced ASEAN to adjust and recalibrate its own policies. This paper explores this adjustment process and maps the most important forces and actors that are compelling change. By placing the ASEAN experience in a comparative conceptual framework, it becomes possible to identify the key drivers of change and to speculate about their future impact on an organisation that has proved remarkably resilient thus far. The nature of contemporary regional developments and the continuing evolution of the wider international system mean that ASEAN is currently facing major new challenges and questions about its relevance in an era when other regional organisations are emerging to challenge its authority and role.
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Zolotukhin, I. N. "АСЕАН как уникальная модель регионализма." Известия Восточного института 45, no. 1 (2020): 121–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.24866/2542-1611/2020-1/121-127.
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Статья представляет собой рецензию на коллективную монографию «Сообщество АСЕАН в современном мире», изданную Центром изучения Вьетнама и АСЕАН Института Дальнего Востока РАН и посвящённую Ассоциации государств Юго-Восточной Азии (АСЕАН) как модели региональной интеграции, её роли и значению в международных отношениях. В рецензии отражены проблемы становления организации и её превращения в актора регионального масштаба, рассмотрена эволюция ассоциации в Сообщество АСЕАН, даётся оценка политическому наследию АСЕАН, а также её отношениям с диалоговыми партнёрами в условиях нарастания противоречий в Юго-Восточной Азии. The article reviews the book «ASEAN Community in the Modern World», published by a group of scholars of the Center for the Vietnam and ASEAN Studies of the Institute of Far Eastern Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences and dedicated to the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) as a model of regional integration. In the book the role and significance of this organization in international relations is clarified. The review reflects the prerequisites of the formation of the organization, the main stages of its development and its transformation into a pivotal actor of regional scale, considers the evolution of the association into the ASEAN Community, assesses the political heritage of ASEAN, as well as its relations with dialogue partners in the face of growing contradictions in Southeast Asia where the rivalry between China as a rising power, expanding its influence in regional issues, and the United States, making great efforts to strengthen their positions, is escalating
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Das, Roshni, Kamal K. Jain, and Sushanta K. Mishra. "Archival research: a neglected method in organization studies." Benchmarking: An International Journal 25, no. 1 (February 5, 2018): 138–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bij-08-2016-0123.
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Purpose Archival research is a much under-rated and under-utilized method of research in management studies. Yet multi-disciplinary undertakings being observed in recent times, such as in knowledge management (KM) systems, business history and social network studies, among others, indicate that there is a lot of potential to be explored. The purpose of this paper is to highlight this point and make a case for its inclusion in the researcher’s toolkit in the future. Design/methodology/approach The authors follow a two-stage method here: the first stage being an improvised process to benchmark articles for this review; while the second stage involves content analysis and synthesis of the same. Findings The authors have dealt with the intricacies of the archival research methodology by minutely examining the fieldwork steps, proxies generation, other related processes of triangulation, etc. With the discussion on “multi-disciplinary undertakings,” the authors offer not only a selective bibliography of works that have effectively harvested this family of methods, but also critique the nuances involved. Finally, coming into more contemporary concerns and developments, the authors undertake an in-depth look at technological applications in the domain of KM, in case study mode. Methodological richness leads to substantive granularity. As such, the authors argue that archival methods contribute to the robustness, contextuality and holism of any research endeavor, more so in the study of business and organizations. Research limitations/implications This paper is based on the literature review. Practical implications This paper makes a case for archival method’s contribution toward the robustness, contextuality and holism of any research endeavor, more so in the study of business and organizations. Originality/value This paper re-positions the method of archival research as a viable and sophisticated tool for researchers to employ effectively in singular or mixed method studies.
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Miller, David, and Jen Nelles. "Order out of Chaos: The Case for a New Conceptualization of the Cross-Boundary Instruments of American Regionalism." Urban Affairs Review 56, no. 1 (May 21, 2018): 325–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1078087418773905.
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In the absence of consensus about which organizations matter or are the “right” manifestations of American regional intergovernmentalism scholarship has had to develop an imprecisely defined and tacitly circulated perception of regions and the cross-boundary organizations that embody them. Even where effort has been made to establish a broad and consistent definition for regional cross-boundary organizations these standards have been applied loosely and with notable exceptions. We argue that the lack of conceptual precision and consensus, to date, makes large-scale comparative research difficult and prone to potential blind spots. We offer a framework within which we can unify these different pieces. Rather than focusing on organization type, or geographical scales, we propose a system of identifying and studying regional organizations by five core attributes. We submit these regional intergovernmental organizations (RIGOs) as a conceptual lingua franca that transcends organizational nomenclature and statistical constructs and enables broad, methodologically rigorous, comparative research.
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Rimmer, Susan Harris. "Australian experiments in creative governance, regionalism, and plurilateralism." International Journal: Canada's Journal of Global Policy Analysis 71, no. 4 (December 2016): 630–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020702016686383.
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The previous Abbott government had prioritized a general attitude to foreign policy captured by the phrase “Jakarta not Geneva,” which signified a preference for bilateral or minilateral interactions with the region rather than United Nations-based multilateralism. With Julie Bishop MP as Australia’s first female foreign minister, the Coalition also prioritized economic diplomacy, as exemplified by the repeated refrain that Australia is “open for business.” This approach led to a preference for diplomatic venues and processes that focused on continuing investments in regional architecture, new emphasis on minilateral dialogues such as the Indian Ocean Rim Association (IORA) and Mexico, Indonesia, Korea, Turkey, and Australia (MIKTA), and more effort directed to bilateral and plurilateral processes such as the Trans-Pacific Partnership trade negotiations. This approach has been continued under Prime Minister Turnbull, with a renewed focus on innovation. Part 1 considers minilateral and regional investments in the Indo-Pacific region, primarily, IORA, the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), and the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN). I consider MIKTA a unique vehicle for Australian diplomacy. Part 2 considers what issues Australia should be pursuing through these forums, with a focus on the two themes of gender equality (as an example of niche diplomacy) and trade (multilateralism under pressure) as case studies. Beeson and Higgott argue that middle powers have the potential to successfully implement “games of skill,” especially at moments of international transition. How skilful have Australia’s efforts been in these minilateral dialogues, enhanced regionalism, and plurilateral processes, and what more can be achieved in these forums? Are these efforts creating more fragmentation of the rules-based order, or are they a way to overcome global governance stalemates? I set out the arguments for whether Australia, as a pivotal power, should generate more global options, or be more focused on inclusion in the Asia-Pacific region.
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Shepherd, Gary, and Gordon Shepherd. "Reboot of The Family International." Nova Religio 17, no. 2 (February 2013): 74–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/nr.2013.17.2.74.
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Since its founding in 1968, The Family International (TFI) has been an important case study for social science investigation of new religious movements. Its persistence and adaptive organizational development throughout the world, in spite of periodically strong social opposition, initially suggested a long and increasingly stable career ahead. However, in 2009, TFI leaders announced a dramatic shift in belief, practice, and organization, which they termed The Reboot. As a consequence, most of the structures and previous functioning of TFI as a visible organization have been dismantled, leading to questions about the group’s future viability. This article summarizes the changes that have taken place, suggests some of the reasons for these, and assesses TFI’s prospects for continued existence in the new form it has assumed.
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Scholte, Jan Aart. "From power politics to social change: an alternative focus for international studies." Review of International Studies 19, no. 1 (January 1, 1993): 3–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260210500117310.
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Our social circumstance is fundamentally changing, so we are told on this historical morning after the Cold War. What was formerly called the ‘Second World' has suddenly disappeared; apartheid appears to be in final retreat; class structures and gender relations are said to be undergoing substantial shifts; there are increased hopes for disarmament and a wider demilitarization of international life; existing state boundaries and to some extent also the nature of the state itself are deeply in question. At the same time, we of the late twentieth century are allegedly experiencing a world-wide upsurge in religious revivalism, an unprecedented global ecological awareness, a shift from states to markets and from globalism towards regionalism in the organization of the world economy, cascading democratization across the continents and so on. There is widespread talk of ‘a new world order’, of the emergence of what is variously called ‘post-industrial’, ‘post-capitalist’ or ‘post-modern’ society, and of ‘the end of history’. Symptomatic, too, of the pervasively felt sense of transition are insistent calls for new theories, new language, new politics, new institutions and new norms that will be equal to the challenges posed by this purportedly revolutionary world situation. True, sceptics might well argue that dynamism and upheaval of the kind that we are witnessing today constitute defining features of modern social life, and that our generation is but the latest in a long string t o succumb to a secular millenarian delusion that it has been granted the historical privilege of living through the dawn of a new epoch. However, whether they adopt a prophetic or an agnostic stance on the matter, most commentators would agree that the question of social change sits high on the agenda of current world affairs.
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Huang, Chen-wei. "Bilateralism and Multilateralism: Taiwan's Trade Liberalization Trajectory." Hague Journal of Diplomacy 4, no. 1 (2009): 37–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187119109x394313.
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AbstractWhether or not bilateralism and regionalism have threatened multilateralism has been debated in the literature. In recent years, the United States has argued that the increasing numbers of regional and bilateral trading arrangements made under the Bush administration are 'complementary' to the World Trade Organization (WTO). Accordingly, the case of Taiwan's bilateral trade negotiations with the United States and its accession to the WTO provide a useful case study for examining the relations between bilateralism and multilateralism. This article not only aims to study the role of bilateralism and multilateralism in Taiwan's liberalization process, it also seeks to compare the two types of trade diplomacy in terms of power relations, decision-making and negotiation, and the influence of negotiation on economic liberalization. The article is divided into three sections: the first section focuses on US–Taiwan bilateral trade negotiations during the 1970s and 1980s; the second section mainly discusses the process of Taiwan's WTO accession; and the final section examines Taiwan's bilateral and multilateral trade diplomacy after its accession.
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Obolenskiy, V. "Globalization of Regionalism: Challenges and Risks for Russia." World Economy and International Relations, no. 9 (2015): 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2015-9-5-13.
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TЕhe article deals with the intensive development of the process of regionalization of the world trade and analyzes grounds for this process. It traces the evolution of regional trade agreements which account for the constant growth of mutual deliveries. The author pays attention to the transformation of regionalism which acquires step by step transcontinental character. The article states that the regional integration apart from the positive influence on trade and investment flow also has negative effects, namely erosion of the regime of most-favored-nation treatment and threats of the beginning of chaos in the international trade and investment exchange. The author studies projects of the creation of global superblocks of the integration type – Transatlantic, Eastern Asiatic, Asiatic -Pacific. In author’s opinion, their emergence will lead to radical changes of the institutional configuration of the world economic space which will turn into a two-level structure. On the first level rules of the multilateral trade system (WTO) will be applied. On the second level principles and regulations fixed by global multilateral trade and economic agreements with participation of all leaders of the international trade will act. The author concludes that Russia has to choose optimal direction of its participation in the global economic. Correspondingly, attention is paid to the problems and risks inherent in its connection with transcontinental trade and economic agreements which are objects of multilateral negotiations at the present time. In particular, the author states that in case of establishment of “mild” forms of integration in the Asiatic -Pacific or European directions Russia will have to open – completely or to a great extent – its domestic market for goods from the countries of the regions mentioned. The losses caused by such a disclosure might outweigh the benefits from liberalization of the access to the markets of partner countries.
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Schembera, Kerstin. "Understanding ASEAN’s approach to sanctions against norm breakers." International Political Science Review 42, no. 4 (April 1, 2021): 531–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192512120972583.
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Regional organisations (ROs) increasingly act as promoters of democracy by applying sanctions against members who do not comply with collectively agreed norms. Despite the absence of an official sanctions policy, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) does interfere in certain ways into member states’ internal issues in some cases of norm violations. This study empirically explores how and why ASEAN decides to interfere or not in such situations. The findings derived from case studies on Cambodia and Myanmar, drawing on evidence from documents, media, and interview data reveal novel insights on ASEAN regionalism in the context of non-compliant member behaviour. I argue that the informal approach to regionalism provides ASEAN with a lot of room for discretion in responding to members’ norm violations. The article identifies geopolitical preferences, extra-regional interference, and legitimation as explanatory factors for the RO’s varying punitive actions.
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Spartak, Andrey N. "Metamorphosis of Regionalization: from Regional Trade Agreements to Megaregional Projects." Outlines of global transformations: politics, economics, law 10, no. 4 (November 28, 2017): 13–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.23932/2542-0240-2017-10-4-13-37.
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The article reviews history and contemporary state of such an economic and trade policy phenomenon as regionalism. Three consecutive stages of regionalization are identified. First stage – prehistory of regionalism – lasted from the middle of the XIX century till 1940-s and was characterized by the formation of bilateral customs unions in Europe with strong political motivation. Second stage – classic regionalism – covers the second part of the XX century and is mostly determined by integration processes in the European region, creation of the EEC and then the EU, organization of a big number of alliances among developing countries mainly in the form of customs union following the EU example and some trade blocs between developed economies beyond the EU (i.a. NAFTA). In this period special disciplines for RTA’s were elaborated under the framework of GATT/WTO. Third stage – globalizing networking regionalism – gained momentum at the start of 2000-s and continues, with certain reservations, till nowadays. Contemporary regionalism has qualitative distinctions from regionalism of the past century. Besides fast and universal, covering all regions and subregions of the world, growth of RTA’s number, their agenda is widening and deepening significantly going far beyond WTO. We could also witness increasing frequency of interregional and transcontinental RTA’s, as well as RTA’s with participation of trade blocks, including interbloc RTA’s. Peculiarity of the current decade is the appearance of a considerable number of RTA’s parties to which represent large and largest world economies, and that was not the case before. But the principal shift is related to the formation of megaregional trade agreements with ambitious, prointegration agenda. New generation RTA’s, containing wide regulatory garmonization agenda and suggesting increasing institutional homogenity of participating economies, de facto promote alternative vis-à-vis classic approach model for the creation of common economic space, though without supranational elements. Nowaday regionalism is definitely drifting towards megaregionalism – the higher stage of regionalization process. Politics of the new American administration and Brexit, which stimulated deglobalization and isolationist tendencies in part of Western world, in practice have only led to some regrouping and deceleration of certain megaregional projects followed by enhancing China’s position on the track of megaregionalism (RCEP, Belt and Road, megaproject with accompanying RTA’s, latest BRICS+ and BRICS++ initiative). Megaregionalism, under any scenario, will exert deep influence on the world trading system and the WTO. In certain conditions megaregional agreements could serve as the foundation for the emergence of new and by large universal system of global management in the sphere of international trade and economic cooperation either as a WTO plus arrangement or in some other form. But this needs long-lasting preparatory interaction for the convergence and finding common denominators between quite different megaprojects as regards their scope and depth.
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March, James G. "Parochialism in the Evolution of a Research Community: The Case of Organization Studies." Management and Organization Review 1, no. 01 (March 2005): 5–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1740-8784.2004.00002.x.
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The organizations research community is a multidisciplinary, multinational and multilingual association of scholars with all the paraphernalia of international exchange. Nevertheless, it is a community that is organized in a geographically fragmented way, with linguistic, national, cultural and regional boundaries separating relatively autonomous scholarly communities. Although this fragmentation limits the integration of organization studies, it serves an adaptive role in making the resistance of deviant ideas to the homogenizing tendencies of dominant scholarly groups easier. The effective use of such differentiation, however, requires linkages among the fragmented parts of the field. We consider some ways of thinking about how research boundaries can be both sustained and violated, with particular attention to the emergence of Chinese scholarship in the study of organizations.
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Risch, William. "A Soviet West: nationhood, regionalism, and empire in the annexed western borderlands." Nationalities Papers 43, no. 1 (January 2015): 63–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00905992.2014.956072.
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This article considers the role the Soviet Union's western borderlands annexed during World War II played in the evolution of Soviet politics of empire. Using the Baltic Republics and Western Ukraine as case studies, it argues that Sovietization had a profound impact on these borderlands, integrating them into a larger Soviet polity. However, guerrilla warfare and Soviet policy-making indirectly led to these regions becoming perceived as more Western and nationalist than other parts of the Soviet Union. The Baltic Republics and Western Ukraine differed in their engagement with the Western capitalist world. Different experiences of World War II and late Stalinism and contacts with the West ultimately led to this region becoming Soviet, yet different from the rest of the Soviet Union. While the Soviet West was far from uniform, perceived differences between it and the rest of the Soviet Union justified claims at the end of the 1980s that the Soviet Union was an empire rather than a family of nations.
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Wu, Bin, and Jorge Abad. "Energy Efficient Manufacturing and Supply Systems – Case Studies and Results." Applied Mechanics and Materials 598 (July 2014): 652–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.598.652.
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A supply chain consists of a number of manufacturing sites and distribution centers. Based on energy assessment projects involving 150 manufacturing sites and distribution centers, this paper presents two case studies – one energy intensive manufacturing organization, and one typical distribution center – to illustrate the kind of energy saving opportunities that can be typically identified in manufacturing, and in supply. As a major effort to promote energy efficiency, the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) has developed a new set of standards addressing the use of energy in businesses: ISO50001:2011. This proposes technical and management strategies for companies to follow so that energy use may be maximized, costs may be reduced and there is minimal stress on the environment. In reality, however, industrial companies need understanding and real life cases to be able to plan for actions. The cases in this paper provide a window to look into same fairly common examples of energy saving possibilities that exist in the manufacturing sites and the distribution centers within a supply chain.
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Shepherd, Gordon, and Gary Shepherd. "World Services in The Family International: The Administrative Organization of a Mature Religious Movement." Nova Religio 12, no. 3 (February 1, 2009): 5–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/nr.2009.12.3.5.
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Based on staff interviews obtained at World Services---the headquarters organization of The Family International---this study offers a case study description and analysis of the administration of a mature religious movement. A conceptual framework for analysis is provided by literature on the convergence of social movement research and organizational theory. Particular attention is given to the religious framing mechanisms of prayer and prophecy that World Services officials and staff members systematically use to administer every organizational operation at every level of the organization. The unusual extent to which women and young people play active administrative roles in The Family International is also described and discussed.
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Houngbedji, Marc. "The New Regionalism in the Developing World: Case Studies of the ASEAN Free Trade Area and the UEMOA Common Market." International Studies Review 9, no. 1 (October 8, 2008): 75–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2667078x-00901004.
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This article examines the dynamics at regional level that have been influencing and shaping the course of regional integration processes in Southeast Asia and West Africa since the early 1990s. The winding down of the Cold War led to a revival of interest in regional arrangements elsewhere, especially in many parts of the developing world, where regional economic blocs have been emerging while efforts to strengthen the existing ones have been going on. Using the particular case studies of the ASEAN Free Trade Area (ATTA) and the UEMOA Common Market (CM), this paper argues that beyond the direct impact of the proliferation of regional blocs elsewhere and the dynamic effects of globalization, which induce tight competition for production locations, trade shares, stock market capital and foreign direct investment (FDI), the adoption, acceleration and consolidation of the AFT A and UEMOA CM schemes, mostly respond to the necessity to balance the FDI diverting effects and the growing ascent of China and Nigeria emerging as regional powers. The logic of balance-of-power and the imperious necessity to get regional and international visibility in the globalizing world induced ASEAN and UEMOA leaders to undertake important regional integrative initiatives and policies conducive to create a single and competitive regional bloc, respectively within Southeast Asia and West Africa.
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Pringle, Yolana. "Negotiating South–South cooperation for mental health: the World Health Organization and the African Mental Health Action Group, 1970s–90s." Medical History 65, no. 4 (October 2021): 403–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/mdh.2021.30.
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AbstractThis article explores the African Mental Health Action Group (AMHAG), one of the earliest examples of the World Health Organization’s (WHO) attempts to promote ‘ownership’ over development through the South–South cooperation envisaged in Technical Cooperation in Developing Countries. Formed in 1978, the AMHAG was intended to guide national and regional policy on mental health, while also fostering national and collective self-reliance. For a short period, between the late 1970s and the early 1990s, it was central to the WHO’s strategy for promoting policies of mental health in primary healthcare in Africa. It was a largely ineffective tool, with national governments having different opinions on the value of mental health, and poor coordination between AMHAG countries. Approaching the AMHAG as a regional project and transnational network, however, the article provides explores the importance of regions and regionalism in international health cooperation, as well as the inequities of participation in health development. Drawing on WHO archival material spanning over twenty countries and two national liberation movements, it argues that participating countries were differently positioned not only to navigate relationships between countries, but also to contend with the shifting landscape of international assistance, as well as – for some – contexts of war, violence and political and economic instability. The article not only serves as a case study of power imbalances in a failed development initiative, but also sheds light on the WHO’s engagement with mental health during a period that historians of psychiatry in Africa have tended to overlook.
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Horng, Der-Chin. "Reshaping the EUs FTA Policy in a Globalizing Economy: The Case of the EU-Korea FTA." Journal of World Trade 46, Issue 2 (April 1, 2012): 301–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/trad2012010.
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On 3 October 2006, the European Union (EU) initiated a new generation Free Trade Agreement (FTA) policy in Global Europe: Competing in the World. Market potential and protection level were set out as the key economic criteria for new FTA partners. Based on these criteria, South Korea emerges as one of the EU's priorities. The EU-Korea FTA, signed on 6 October 2010, is the first of a new generation of FTAs. The Agreement is very comprehensive with regard to trade liberalization in a number of fields, including services, investment, competition, enforcement of intellectual property rights (IPRs), government procurement, sustainable development, cultural cooperation, and so on. Many of these policy areas are still not well regulated by the World Trade Organization (WTO). Under the Lisbon Treaty, EU trade policy shall be conducted in the context of the principles and objectives of EU foreign policy. Leveraging trade and foreign policy is expected to strengthen the EU's position in negotiating new FTAs. This article takes the EU-Korea FTA as a case study to examine the following core issues: the historical background of the EU's trade policy, legal basis and decision-making procedure of the new generation FTA, the main contents and special features of the EU-Korea FTA, and the impacts of the EU-Korea FTA on the WTO and third countries. For the future development of EU's FTA policy, this article also proposes an open regionalism approach to make the FTA compatible with the WTO.
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Schmitt, Olivier. "International organization at war: NATO practices in the Afghan campaign." Cooperation and Conflict 52, no. 4 (April 3, 2017): 502–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0010836717701969.
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This article investigates the NATO campaign in Afghanistan through a practice-based approach. The structural distribution of power within NATO, which is obviously in favor of the US, does not automatically lead to Washington’s desired outcomes, and US delegates must competently perform a certain number of practices for their power advantage to take its full effect. The article also illustrates how looking at practices helps to explain policy decisions, such as NATO’s decision to engage in Afghanistan, the establishment of an International Security and Assistance Force (ISAF) strategy and the wording of policy papers. By studying a case of military diplomacy, the article contributes to the emerging scholarship aimed at bridging the gap between diplomatic studies and practice-based approaches to International Relations.
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Amenta, F., A. Dauri, and N. Rizzo. "Organization and activities of the International Radio Medical Centre (CIRM)." Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare 2, no. 3 (September 1, 1996): 125–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/1357633961929907.
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The International Radio Medical Centre CIRM was founded in 1935, to provide free medical assistance by radio to ships with no doctor on board and others who cannot be reached by a doctor. In 1950 CIRM was established as a non-profit-making foundation and has benefited since 1957 from an annual contribution from the Italian government. The results achieved by the Centre over 61 years include medical assistance to 42,935 patients on board ships as well as on small islands and aircraft , with 375,264 medical messages received and transmitted. CIRM is organized into a medical service, a telecommunications service and a studies section. The 24-h continuous medical service is provided by doctors at the CIRM headquarters. The doctor on duty gives instructions for managing the case. If necessary the medical service will coordinate the patient's hospitalization at the nearest port with suitable medical facilities or arrange the patient's transfer to another ship with a doctor on board, or an airlift. The telecommunications service receives requests for assistance, locates the ship or whoever made the request, passes the call to the doctor on duty, and relays the doctor's response to those requesting assistance. The studies section, established in 1957-58, researches occupational pathologies of sailors and contributes to their prevention. This provides a scientific basis for improving medical assistance to sailors at sea.
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Engel, Katherine Carté. "The SPCK and the American Revolution: The Limits of International Protestantism." Church History 81, no. 1 (March 2012): 77–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009640711001788.
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The Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge (SPCK) occupied an unusual position in the British Atlantic as an internationally minded voluntary organization rooted in Anglicanism but also able to unite members of different Protestant groups. Its history during the American Revolution provides opportunity to examine the ideal of international Protestantism in the latter part of the eighteenth century. This investigation indicates that, despite many international ties and a strong sense of politically based international Protestant unity during the early decades of the century, members of the SPCK did not experience the Revolutionary crisis that ruptured the British Atlantic as a spiritual separation from their fellows in North America. International Protestant engagement within the SPCK was largely personal in nature, based on the experiences of a few individuals. Though the SPCK's regular publications create the impression of an organization leading an international Protestant community, an analysis of its membership reveals a profoundly English group. Thus, during the Revolution, the SPCK rallied to the British cause without a sense that an idealized Protestant union had been divided by fratricidal violence. This article builds on and supports the transnational perspective put forth by scholars in recent years and suggests that international Protestantism was varied and, in the case of the SPCK, politically limited.
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Baily, Martin Neil, and Robert M. Solow. "International Productivity Comparisons Built from the Firm Level." Journal of Economic Perspectives 15, no. 3 (August 1, 2001): 151–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.15.3.151.
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International productivity comparisons can be built up with micro and macro data. Studies of firms or groups of firms producing similar outputs reveal the deeper causes of differences in productivity across countries. The studies find that such differences often depend on patterns of organization within firms, the motivations of managers and the like. The intensity of domestic and international competition can have a large impact on productivity. The case of retailing illustrates the importance of industry evolution. High productivity retailing formats drive out traditional retailers, unless restrained by land-use restrictions or regulations.
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Nylehn, Børre. "A history of organization studies as a segmented field: Interpretations of the case of Norway." Management & Organizational History 6, no. 3 (August 2011): 227–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1744935910364051.
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Brazelton, Mary Augusta. "Viral Reflections: Placing China in Global Health Histories." Journal of Asian Studies 79, no. 3 (August 2020): 579–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021911820002284.
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Public health in China has become a global concern as a consequence of the outbreak and worldwide spread of COVID-19. This article examines the historical place of China in international and global health. Contrary to prevalent narratives in the history of medicine, China and Chinese historical actors played key roles in this field throughout the twentieth century. Several episodes illustrate this argument: the Qing organization of the International Plague Conference in 1911; the role of China in the work of the interwar League of Nations Health Organization and postwar establishment of the World Health Organization; Cold War medical diplomacy; and Chinese models of primary health care during the 1970s. These case studies together show that Chinese physicians and administrators helped shape concepts and practices of “global health” even before that term rose to prominence in the 1990s, and current events are best understood in the context of this history.
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Devet, Bonnie. "Analyzing International Letters in a Business Communication Class." Business Communication Quarterly 61, no. 4 (December 1998): 23–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/108056999806100404.
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In the global marketplace, professionals need to understand how cultural differences affect the writing and reading of business letters. Business commu nication courses can prepare students to meet this need by teaching students an effective, systematic method for analyzing the letters of the global economy. The method incorporates such characteristics as format, organization, rhetori cal strategies (ethos, pathos, logos), style, and writer's purpose. Through case studies in letter writing and analysis, students apply key communication prin ciples in an international context.
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ZANG, MICHELLE Q. "When the Multilateral Meets the Regionals: Regional Trade Agreements at WTO Dispute Settlement." World Trade Review 18, no. 1 (May 21, 2018): 33–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474745618000010.
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AbstractInteraction between regional trade agreements (RTAs) and the multilateral trading system established by the World Trade Organization (WTO) is an issue of significance but nevertheless remains unsettled. This article aims to explore the influence RTAs have generated had on the WTO system, with particular focus on the approach adopted by the adjudicators when dealing with irreconcilable RTA–WTO conflicts. During the development of 20 years’ jurisprudence, WTO adjudicators offered responses to a number of critical questions. On the one hand, direct endorsement of RTA provisions with the effect of prevailing over the counterpart WTO rules appears to be very difficult, either through legal interpretation or application. On the other hand, unlike often being argued, a close review of WTO case law does not reveal a biased adjudicatory approach against regionalism, as compared to other sources of public international law. When dealing with RTA-related matters, the Appellate Body has been advocating an all-encompassing approach featured by the emphasis on the common intention during the interpretative exercise and the promotion for the WTO built-in mechanisms for valid modification. Such an approach is, to a certain extent, misleading in the RTA –WTO context and has led to certain ill-founded adjudicatory choice.
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Borges, Alex Fernando, Sidney Pimenta Alvim Júnior, Daniel Leite Mesquita, and Alessandro Gomes Enoque. "Strategic Behavior: Case Study of an Organization from the Brazilian Ethanol Industry." Revista Ibero-Americana de Estratégia 13, no. 1 (March 1, 2014): 80–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5585/ijsm.v13i1.2032.
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The purpose of this paper is to understand the strategic behavior of an organization from the Brazilian ethanol industry. Specifically, this paper aimed to describe how the organization’s entrance in the Brazilian ethanol industry occurred, and to identify the organization’s positioning and strategic behavior through the application of Miles and Snow (1978) typology. Using a qualitative research design, a case study was conducted, based on documental research and semistructured interviews with three directors from the studied organization. We also utilized a structured questionnaire elaborated by Conant et al. (1990) and adapted by Gardelin (2010), aiming to categorize the strategies adopted by the organization. The results showed that the organization has a hybrid behavior pattern, varying from investigative to analytical, characterizing its strategic behavior through a dual strategy: on one hand, the organization investigates the environment and its competitive industry, introducing an innovative perspective in its external and internal operations; and on the other hand, the organization analyzes these internal and external contexts seeking a more effective positioning in national and international markets. Thus, Miles and Snow typology presents itself as an important research tool for the analysis and adoption of certain strategic positioning and decision making, establishing itself as a frame of reference for studies that seek to understand the strategic organizational reality.
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Ahern, R. "The Role of Strategic Alliances in the International Organization of Industry." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 25, no. 9 (September 1993): 1229–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a251229.
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In this study the motivations for entering international strategic alliances are investigated. The reasons for alliance entry reflect the ways firms are restructuring economic activities. A theoretical basis for the study is built from the conceptual arguments of transaction-cost theory and resource-dependence theory. A partial synthesis of the two approaches suggests that alliances are especially well suited to the combined pursuit of increased efficiency and reduced uncertainty. The empirical investigation is based on a series of thirteen case studies, each involving a small Canadian firm and a foreign partner. Growth resulting from efficient access to foreign markets was an important reason for Canadian firms to enter alliances. Collaboration enabled small firms to learn about market demand. This information reduced the uncertainty of international marketing, and was used to guide the development and modification of products. Complementary abilities, where the Canadian firms offered technology and their foreign partners had marketing capabilities, were at the heart of most alliances. In general, alliances were considered necessary to protect proprietary information and to forge strong links with firms taking over important downstream functions.
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Decaux, Loïc, and Gerrit Sarens. "Implementing combined assurance: insights from multiple case studies." Managerial Auditing Journal 30, no. 1 (January 5, 2015): 56–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/maj-08-2014-1074.
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Purpose – This purpose of this paper is to investigate how to implement a combined assurance program. Design/methodology/approach – This paper uses qualitative data obtained through semi-structured interviews with six multinationals at different stages of combined assurance implementation maturity. Findings – The paper finds that organizations are still learning through combined assurance implementation because no organization seems to have attained a mature combined assurance program. Nevertheless, our descriptive findings reveal that a successful combined assurance implementation follows six important components. Research limitations/implications – One limitation of this study is that, as the organizations studied are at different stages of combined assurance program implementation, data may have comparability issues. Another limitation is that different interviewees were studied from one case to another. Practical implications – The results have implications both for organizations that do not yet have a combined assurance program in place and for those currently at the implementation stage. It has also implications for chief audit executives who are good candidates to lead a combined assurance implementation and for regulators, as the study describes combined assurance as an important accountability mechanism that helps boards and audit committees exercise their oversight role properly. Originality/value – The study is the first to address combined assurance implementation. It complements the study of the Institute of Internal Auditors UK and Ireland (2010), which identifies the reasons for failed attempts to coordinate assurance activities, by illustrating combined assurance implementation through six international case studies of organizations at different combined assurance implementation stages.
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Yenal, Deniz, and N. Zafer Yenal. "The Changing World Food Order: The Case of Turkey." New Perspectives on Turkey 9 (1993): 19–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s089663460000220x.
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The last two decades of the twentieth century have witnessed new methods of domination by the core of the capitalist world economy over its periphery. On matters concerning international organization of capital accumulation the core makes use of international institutions such as the G7, the IMF and the World Bank, and the GATT on a larger scale than ever before. In the present study, we will discuss the history of world agriculture and food production in the twentieth century in an attempt to explain how the current structure of metropolitan domination in these sectors has been shaped in the post-war era. We will, then, investigate the transformations that Turkish agriculture and food production have been undergoing during this period.
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Zamudio González, Laura. "The International Commission against Impunity in Guatemala (CICIG)." Global Governance: A Review of Multilateralism and International Organizations 25, no. 3 (September 25, 2019): 418–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/19426720-02503007.
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Abstract A number of the studies on international intergovernmental organizations (IO s) rule out that they are autonomous or capable of self-directing their processes of change. The case of the International Commission against Impunity in Guatemala (CICIG) makes it possible to see precisely to what degree an IO is autonomous. Through documentary analysis and interviews with the leadership of CICIG, this article shows that the organization adjusted and reinterpreted its mandate as a result of a process of internal and autonomous decisions. This evidence contributes to the debate about the IO s as self-directed actors.
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Cox, Annette, Sirin Sung, Gail Hebson, and Gwen Oliver. "Applying Union Mobilization Theory to Explain Gendered Collective Grievances: Two UK Case Studies." Journal of Industrial Relations 49, no. 5 (November 2007): 717–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022185607084391.
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This article draws on Kelly's mobilization theory to identify potential stages in developing gendered collective articulation of grievances and discusses the barriers to such articulation within two case sites in the UK telecommunications sector. It focuses on employee concerns surrounding pay and working time issues arising from organizational change in two case studies from the UK telecommunications sector. Findings showed that organizational change had brought work intensification that exacerbated long hours cultures and that concerns were common to both sexes, although organizational variations in career ambitions and sense of entitlement occurred. In contrast, there was evidence that women were less willing to articulate concerns over unfair pay practices, shaped partly by a low sense of entitlement and also perceived weaknesses in potential for collective redress. The activation of grievances was severely limited by the gendered occupational and organizational structure of both workplaces and union organization within them. We conclude that there are opportunities for unions to pursue a two-pronged approach to worker mobilization by mainstreaming concerns about working time that are common to workers of both sexes with families and to activate gendered concerns around pay at workplace level.
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Mok, Ida Ah Chee. "From the Confucian Tradition to the Digital Era: The Case of Mathematics Teaching in Hong Kong." International Journal of Chinese Education 8, no. 1 (June 7, 2019): 73–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22125868-12340106.
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Abstract Recent years have witnessed an increase in research focused on studying on perspectives of Chinese mathematics instructions. The sustained interest is partly due to the outstanding performances of Chinese students in international studies such as the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) (Mullis, et al., 2012) and the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), 2010); and partly due to the shared interest in comparative studies of instructional practice across different cultural systems. What have we learned about in mathematics classrooms from international studies? Findings of international studies suggest that how the teacher used the tasks so that the cognitive demand of the learning tasks could be sustained is very important. Despite the good performances of Hong Kong students in international studies, there is a gap between traditional classroom practice and the long established goals for promoting generic capacity in mathematics learning; most of the traditional learning tasks in Hong Kong classrooms are apparently routine and serving a demonstrative purpose as a result of the highly competitive systems. Based on triangulation of the findings of the analysis of the mathematics lessons at different levels, the study shown some robust features in the traditional mathematics teaching practice in Hong Kong classrooms in contrast to some innovative scenarios in a special mathematics lesson. Finally, the author re-examines the robust features in the context of curriculum reforms and the cultural context of Confucian tradition.
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Li, Peter Ping, Mooweon Rhee, and Bilian N. Sullivan. "Remembering James March." Management and Organization Review 17, no. 4 (October 2021): 644–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/mor.2021.63.
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On September 27, 2018, Professor James G. March, a giant in our field, passed away at the age of 90 (1928–2018), just one month after his wife and high school sweetheart, Jayne, passed away. March's impact on the field of organization studies and beyond is profound and long-lasting. The advancement of the field is truly indebted to March's brilliance and dedication to the search of truth as a great scholar. March wrote the inaugural article for Management and Organization Review (MOR) (2005), ‘Parochialism in the Evolution of a Research Community: The Case of Organization Studies’. This article not only provided a critical foundation underlying the editorial structure and philosophy of MOR but also argued eloquently for the salience of indigenous Chinese management studies as a necessary condition for building both contextualized and universal knowledge.
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Kucik, Jeffrey, and Krzysztof J. Pelc. "Do International Rulings have Spillover Effects?" World Politics 68, no. 4 (August 30, 2016): 713–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043887116000113.
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How influential are international courts? Can their rulings reach beyond a given case and affect the behavior of countries not party to the dispute? International law is clear on the matter: rulings have no formal authority beyond the case at hand. This tenet is consistent with the incentives of sovereign states wary of delegating too much authority to courts. By contrast, the authors claim that even in the absence of formal authority, the rulings of international courts can affect behavior by mobilizing pro-compliance groups in countries not party to a dispute. They test these beliefs in the context of the World Trade Organization (WTO) through a novel approach. Because WTO rulings have implications for the fortunes of publicly traded firms, they examine whether financial markets bet on there being spillover effects beyond the case at hand. They rely on two quantitative case studies to test for a cross-border and a cross-industry spillover effect: can rulings have effects in countries and on industries other than those at issue in the initial dispute? The results suggest that the answer is a tentative yes. The spillover effects of international rulings may be a matter of scholarly contention, but their existence is something that financial markets appear willing to bet on.
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Henne, Peter S. "The Domestic Politics of International Religious Defamation." Politics and Religion 6, no. 3 (February 27, 2013): 512–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1755048312000594.
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AbstractFrom 2005 to 2010, the Organization for Islamic Cooperation attempted to ban the defamation of religion internationally through a series of United Nations resolutions. Although many opposed the resolutions for their potential effects on political rights, numerous non-Muslim states supported them. What explains the dynamic of this support, especially the resolutions' religious nature and significant non-Muslim backing? I argue that non-democratic states that restrict religion have an incentive to take action on contentious international issues — such as the religious defamation resolutions — to gain support from religious groups and justify their restrictive policies, even though Muslim religious defamation concerns and developing country solidarity also contributed to support. I demonstrate this through a mixed-method study, with a quantitative analysis of states' votes on the resolutions and case studies of Belarus and Pakistan. The article contributes to the study of religion and politics, as well as studies on the dynamics of United Nations voting.
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Oskolkov, P. V. "ETHNICITY AND POLITICS: TERMINOLOGICAL DEBATES AND NODAL POINTS OF INTERSECTION." Herald of the Russian Academy of Sciences 92, S2 (June 2022): S155—S160. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1019331622080081.
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Abstract A critical interpretation of the existing academic texts devoted to various phenomena related to ethnic politics raises the following questions: what are the criteria for ethnicity? What are the nodal points of intersection of ethnicity and politics? Based on the constructivist interpretation of ethnicity as a changeable concept that cannot be reduced to cultural and linguistic originality, the definition of an ethnic group as a social group that has distinctive cultural features (in the broadest sense) and the idea of the hereditary transmission of group membership is proposed. Based on this definition, it is proposed not to limit the subject field of ethnopolitical science to the interaction of the state with ethnic groups, but to include populism (in the form of right-wing populism, understood as ethnopopulism) and nationalism (as a product of ethnic mobilization). Particular attention is paid to regionalism as a particular but very important case of nationalism. The conclusions are supported by examples from Western European political practice. Based on the extremely inclusive constructivist definition of ethnicity, it is possible and necessary to understand the subject field of ethnopolitical science as broadly as possible in order to strengthen its position in the circle of sociopolitical disciplines, in particular, in studying sociopolitical processes in the European Union.
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Slavinskaite, Neringa, Miloslav Novotny, and Dainora Gedvilaitė. "Evaluation of the Fiscal Decentralization: Case Studies of European Union." Engineering Economics 31, no. 1 (February 28, 2020): 84–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ee.31.1.23065.
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Fiscal decentralization has been widely discussed at various levels and from various perspectives. The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (the OECD), similar to the World Bank, also pays great attention to it. Fiscal decentralization has always been an interesting investigation topic, and the researchers, in addition to considering the future of the economy, study this problem from different perspectives, i.e. geographic, political and others. The effect of fiscal decentralization on the economic development of the state has been investigated by various authors. Three different hypotheses provide the proofs of the positive effect of fiscal decentralization. The main advantage of fiscal federalism are efficient and adequate public services which are provided locally through the mobility of the citizens, voting power and competition between the local governments in the created ecosystem. The potential advantages of the competition among the local government powers are similar to the advantages associated with the competition on the private markets. The paper is focussed on fiscal decentralization of the state. It aims to investigate the theoretical aspect of the impact of fiscal decentralization on the economic development to calculate the index of fiscal decentralization and to evaluate the effect of fiscal decentralization on the economic development in the particular states of the European Union. Thus, Bulgaria and Lithuania have the lowest fiscal decentralization index of EU-13 (0.28), while the Czech Republic has the highest index (0.46). The researchers have proved the effect of fiscal decentralization on the economic development of the EU-13 states to be statistically significant and positive. The originality of this paper is that it introduces a theoretical model for evaluating the fiscal decentralization effect on the economic development and assesses the fiscal decentralization effect on the economic development of the particular EU-13 states.
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Russo, Alessandra, and Caroline Dufy. "Region-making at Last in the Former Soviet Area: Some Suggestions for Future Research." Мир России 27, no. 4 (September 27, 2018): 120–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/1811-038x-2018-27-4-120-128.
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Alessandra Russo – PhD, Postdoctoral Researcher, Emile Durkheim Centre, Comparative Political Science and Sociology, Sciences Po Bordeaux. Address: 11 Allée Ausone 33607 PESSAC Cedex, France. E-mail: alessandra.russo@scpobx.fr
Caroline Dufy – PhD, Senior Lecturer, Researcher, Emile Durkheim Centre, Comparative Political Science and Sociology, Sciences Po Bordeaux. Address: 11 Allée Ausone 33607 PESSAC Cedex, France. E-mail: c.dufy@sciencespobordeaux.fr
Citation: Russo A., Dufy C. (2018) Region-making at Last in the Former Soviet Area: Some Suggestions for Future Research. Mir Rossii, vol. 27, no 4, pp. 120–128. DOI: 10.17323/1811-038X-2018-27-4-120-128
In March and October 2017, two workshops took place at Sciences Po Bordeaux, gathering together scholars of comparative regionalism and area studies specialists. We engaged in a constructive debate to contribute to and revitalise studies on the regional reordering of post-Soviet spaces. We investigated, beyond Eurocentric views, the renewed regionalisation processes that have taken place in the former Soviet area since the 2010s. For the past twenty years, studies on regionalism have undergone major changes, moving from institutionalist and top-down approaches that have focused on the design and policy outputs of regional organisations to the attempt of understanding the diversified and endogenous factors that shape region-building and region-making in non-Western worlds. We thus aim to take stock of that debate, nourishing it with a challenging, area-based, case study. In that respect, the regionalisation of global order calls for further studies on under-researched aspects such as the impact of business communities in promoting regional agendas or the narratives on collective identities fabricated by political leaders. In particular, sanctions and counter-sanctions seem to have strengthened this rhetoric moves, putting values and perceptions at the centre of regionalisation in the reconfigured post-Soviet space. This article resumes the research agenda that resulted from a collective endeavour, and that has been driven by recent changes in international politics and the foreign policies of states which are – more or less reluctantly – positioned in post-Soviet spaces. The establishment of the Eurasian Economic Union (EEU) provides a further case for reflecting on the 25-year trajectory of region-building and region-making, which deserves investigation beyond assessments and interpretations based on tangible processes and material outcomes.
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Jandaghi, Gholamreza, Jabbar Babashahi, and Roya Kavoosi. "A Framework for Identifying the Competencies of Senior Production Managers of Holding Companies (The Case of Golrang Industrial Group)." International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences 60 (September 2015): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilshs.60.39.
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Today the need of identify ways for increasing competitive advantage is more tangible because the business world have been increasingly changed. A successful organization is an organization where human resources have the required competencies to achieve business success and the strategic objectives of the organization. so the competency-based human resource management becomes important.The first step in this area is to identify key competencies of managers .Many studies have been done in this area to provide a human resource competency model for organization. National prospect of Iran is having important goals, such as becoming the first power of economic, science and technology in the region and to engage constructively and effectively in international relations, for achieving these goals we requires competent managers in the public and private sector organizations.Competency models, which should be designed for all key positions in the company, show what competencies are necessary for individual position(s). The question is what the key competencies for each position are. Main objective of this paper is to offers a framework to identify and prioritize Senior Product Managers competencies at Golrang Industrial Group.
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Sivilevičius, Henrikas, Lijana Maskeliūnaitė, Birutė Petkevičienė, and Kazys Petkevičius. "THE MODEL OF EVALUATING THE CRITERIA, DESCRIBING THE QUALITY OF ORGANIZATION AND TECHNOLOGY OF TRAVEL BY INTERNATIONAL TRAIN." TRANSPORT 27, no. 3 (September 19, 2012): 307–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16484142.2012.724448.
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The significance of the criteria describing various aspects of travel by train, e.g. passenger transportation comfort, safety, travel time, price of a journey, etc., differs considerably. The quality of particular trains, track sections and staff performance can be successfully evaluated by a single number, using the comprehensive quality index (CQI). The paper offers an additive model to calculate the normalized weight coefficients of particular criteria for CQI calculation. A multi-criteria mathematical model, which may be used for evaluating the significance of the criteria describing organization and technology of travel by train for determining its quality, is also presented. Based on the nineteen adopted criteria (the criteria of group B), reflecting the organization and technology of travel by train, the quantitative estimate KB is obtained. Case studies of calculating the comprehensive quality index KB , describing the organization and technology of travel by the train ‘Vilnius–Moscow’, which show the real quality of these processes, are presented. Finally, the conclusions based on the research results are provided.
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Di Gregorio, Donatella, Matteo Bognanno, Valentina Rosa Laganà, and Agata Nicolosi. "Local Proximity Cheeses: Choices That Guiding Consumers and Orienting Producers—Case Studies." Sustainability 15, no. 1 (December 31, 2022): 740. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15010740.
Full textAbstract:
In Italy, in ten years, the national production of sheep’s cheese has gone from 60 thousand tons to almost 80 thousand tons at present, a sign of a lively dynamism of the sector mainly due to a growth in demand. The significant leap in production is accompanied by that of consumption and is mainly due to pecorino (fresh and seasoned), which, together with fresh ricotta, is gaining acceptance in the national and international markets. The objective of the paper is to examine, in a study area of southern Italy, consumer preferences for locally produced pecorino cheese near kilometer zero and the profit margins of the dairy companies producing pecorino. The interviews with consumers made it possible to explore purchasing preferences based on the reasons for choosing and the points of sale where consumers buy the cheese. The interviews with the manufacturing companies highlighted a different business organization of the single production units whose economic results show, despite the difficulties, the resilience of the companies. The company’s net margins per quintal of processed milk are more or less satisfactory and supported by the positive interest of consumers. As for the latter, they show increasingly pushed trends towards the purchase of niche products at Km0, made with more sustainable production systems.