Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Regional women'
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1
Lane, Penelope. "Women in the regional economy : the East Midlands, 1700-1830." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1999. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/36387/.
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This study explores the processes of economic change and their impact on women's working lives in the East Midlands region during the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. Drawing on a wide range of sources, for example, estate, probate, criminal and poor law records, it offers alternative perspectives on the position of women in the economy. The first part of the thesis looks at the wealth creating and income generating activities of 'middling' women living in urban areas. Inheritance strategies delineated in men's and women's wills do not indicate that women from the beginning of the eighteenth century became less able to hold property or engage in enterprise. Industrial development in this region encouraged women's economic participation and created additional opportunities for those situated in industrial towns to extend their interests. The value of estate records for the investigation of women's businesses is also discussed, and it is concluded that while they have their limitations, these records can provide valuable insights into women's commercial dealings. Part two is concerned with the effects of regional specialisation on the work of labouring women. There is very little evidence to suggest a shift in the sexual division of labour in agriculture from the mid-eighteenth century. The types of tasks in which women were engaged were generally no different in the early nineteenth century than they had been at the beginning of the eighteenth. The continued move to pastoral farming reduced the amount of agricultural work for women, especially for those in Leicestershire. The initial expansion of dairying while giving rise to more dairymaids can be seen as promoting growth in the domestic service sector rather than agriculture, since these occupations are so very closely linked. The majority of women appear to have been engaged in domestic service work prior to the eighteenth century, and limited work opportunities for women helps explain the emergence of redundant female labour prior to 1700. It is also argued that the expansion of domestic industry and a reduction in age at first marriage for women in the early eighteenth century noted by historians was largely a phenomenon generated by these conditions. This study also includes the trends in wage rates for women over the period, it shows that female real wages declined in comparison with those of males. The evidence presented also supports the belief that women were paid a customary wage. However, under certain circumstances some women could command wages comparable with those of men. Finally, it is argued that the intensification of the trends described, in addition to the inability of women to move between sectors of employment, led many women to employ survival mechanisms that included the greater exploitation of 'criminal' activities within the informal economy and their sexual relationships with men.
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Demiri, Lirika. "Stories of Everyday Resistance, Counter-memory, and Regional Solidarity: Oral Histories of Women Activists in Kosova." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1524073114946126.
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Armstrong, Jessica Plasketes George. "A narrative look at the regional voice of political columnist Molly Ivins." Auburn, Ala., 2005. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2005%20Summer/master's/ARMSTRONG_JESSICA_45.pdf.
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Andrew, Monica, and n/a. "The internet experiences of women living in rural and regional Australia." University of Canberra. Professional Communication, 2004. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060410.122445.
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This study explores the internet experiences of women living in rural and regional
Australia, their motives for internet uptake and use, the benefits they gain from using the
internet, the difficulties they encounter in using the internet and whether the benefits are
affected by technical factors, such as computer equipment and telecommunication
infrastructure, availability of opportunities for developing online skills, and perceptions
of the internet. Data was collected via an email snowball technique to contact women
living in rural and regional Australia, resulting in participation by 40 women from
throughout rural and regional areas.
The research drew on the literature of internet research and media uses-and-gratifications.
Although the internet is a relatively new communication technology, it has attracted a
large amount of scholarly interest. However, there has been little research into internet
use by individual populations. Women living in rural and regional areas of Australia
experience geographical and social isolation, with limited access to goods, services and
information, and could be expected, therefore, to gain significant benefits from use of the
internet. However, the potential benefits of the internet could be offset by difficulties
with internet use in rural and regional areas. A narrative approach was used to determine
the motives for internet use by women living in rural and regional Australia, the benefits
they gain from using the internet, the difficulties they encounter in using it and whether
the difficulties affect the benefits they gain from internet use.
The research findings show that, more than anything else, women living in rural and
regional Australia use the internet to build and maintain relationships, including keeping
in touch with family and friends, re-connecting with friends for the past and making new
friends online. They also use the internet to facilitate involvement in community
organisations, to contribute to social issues at the national, state and local level and to
participate in community projects and events. In addition, women living in rural and
regional Australia use the internet to undertake business and education related activities,
pursue personal interests, seek emotional support and undertake practical tasks, such as
finding and disseminating information, banking and shopping. However, the many
benefits of the internet are offset to some extent by the many frustrations encountered in
using it, particularly in regard to technical factors and developing online skills. Spam
mail and viruses also cause considerable inconvenience.
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Zhang, Huiyi. "Economic Development and Women Empowerment in China: Is There a Regional Pattern?" Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för samhällsstudier (SS), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-38458.
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The rapid economic development in China has successfully drawn a worldwide attention and benefit its population, with a average 8 percentage GDP growth rate every year and 500 million people out of poverty. While a large number of people are seeking for the reason why economic achievement in China has been so dramatic and unprecedented, less people show solicitude for Chinese women`s condition and empowerment. Women as a worldwide vulnerable group, their well-being need to be taken into consideration during the process of developing economy. In China, female population accounts for 48.47 percentage (633.2 million) of entire population. Under the big picture of economic prosperity, the author found that Chinese people`s living condition has advanced largely, the popularization of basic education and medical service has benefit the vast majority people, meanwhile, people can be more involved in political process to express their opinions. However, women are benefited disproportionately but still less empowered than men are. Moreover, since China is a geographically large country, the economic development has shown some regional characteristic, that means, in southeastern China, due to the convenient traffic condition, such as harbors, economic development process is faster than in northwestern China, where traffic and natural conditions are both weak. Would that cause a unequal empowered situation between women from different economic developed regions? Women has been paid less attention through the history of China, let alone different conditions of women in different regions. In this thesis, the author will describe women`s different empowered situation in rural and urban regions of China, via a capability approach viewpoint, and discussion of whether there is a regional pattern will be based on (Dis) Empowerment model.
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Hale, Julie Elizabeth. "Creating the Appalachian Woman: An Anthology of Appalachian Women Writers, 1865-1884." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2005. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/990.
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This anthology of nineteenth-century women’s regional fiction, written in the mode of canon revision, explores how persistent stereotypes of Appalachian women originated. These stereotypes are not merely identified but are also considered in the context of women’s studies. Works by the following six authors are included: Elizabeth Appleton, Rebecca Harding Davis, Frances Hodgson Burnett, Constance Fenimore Woolson, Sherwood Bonner, and Mary Noailles Murfree. Topics addressed include nineteenth-century women as authors, the influence of northern literary magazines on regional writing, the image of the Appalachian woman in fiction, and the critical evaluation of primary texts. Original work required for the completion of a master’s thesis comes by way of a thirty-page analytical introduction, six biographical headnote entries, and an extended bibliography of primary works by Appalachian women writers.
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Murray, Gillian. "Women and the work of cultural production in ATV's regional television news, 1956-1968." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/28270.
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The parallel histories of the establishment of regional television news and the changing patterns of women’s employment in the English Midlands are the focus of this study. Analysing the points of intersection between these two historical processes provides new historical insight into the pace of social change in a period characterised by historians as a time of flux, rupture and transformation, but also, particularly in the context of women’s history, as one of staid and sober living. In order to study these histories concurrently this research is based on an exploration of an extant collection of regional television news inserts, originated by Associated Television (ATV) for the Midlands broadcast region from its first broadcast in 1956 up to 1968. The moving image materials captured by the cameras of the regional news teams, and now available in an online digital archive, are the fragments of news stories filmed on location in the streets, workplaces and occasionally homes of the Midlands and edited into the daily news broadcasts. The resulting analysis presented in this thesis details the various ways in which ‘ordinary’ women, as well as those paid to work at ATV, were made visible in ATV’s television news programmes. For most women their ordinariness was defined by the fact that they were not paid for their television work, but also provides a category of analysis throughout this study. This thesis argues that ambiguities surrounding what was ordinary ‘women’s work’ was central to their participation in this site of cultural production. By providing a critical evaluation of the agency embodied by ordinary women in the regional television news the public dimension of women’s ‘dual role’ is recovered. This provides a route to contest understandings of mid-century domesticity to a far greater extent than previous accounts of women’s history. The thesis concludes that the pace of change in women’s lives was far more rapid than has previously been suggested. That the ‘ordinary housewives’ of the mid-twentieth century paved the way for change in the lives of later generations of women, normalising women’s position in the workplace and becoming visibly recognised as a social force in the transformation of society in the 1950s and 1960s.
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Brannon-Wranosky, Jessica S. "Southern Promise and Necessity: Texas, Regional Identity, and the National Woman Suffrage Movement, 1868-1920." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2010. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc31553/.
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This study offers a concentrated view of how a national movement developed networks from the grassroots up and how regional identity can influence national campaign strategies by examining the roles Texas and Texans played in the woman suffrage movement in the United States. The interest that multiple generations of national woman suffrage leaders showed in Texas, from Reconstruction through the ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment, provides new insights into the reciprocal nature of national movements. Increasingly, from 1868 to 1920, a bilateral flow of resources existed between national women's rights leaders and woman suffrage activists in Texas. Additionally, this study nationalizes the woman suffrage movement earlier than previously thought. Cross-regional woman suffrage activity has been marginalized by the belief that campaigning in the South did not exist or had not connected with the national associations until the 1890s. This closer examination provides a different view. Early woman's rights leaders aimed at a nationwide movement from the beginning. This national goal included the South, and woman suffrage interest soon spread to the region. One of the major factors in this relationship was that the primarily northeastern-based national leadership desperately needed southern support to aid in their larger goals. Texas' ability to conform and make the congruity politically successful eventually helped the state become one of NAWSA's few southern stars. National leaders believed the state was of strategic importance because Texas activists continuously told them so by emphasizing their promotion of women's rights. Tremendously adding credibility to these claims was the sheer number of times Texas legislators introduced woman suffrage resolutions over the course of more than fifty years. This happened during at least thirteen sessions of the Texas legislature, including two of the three post-Civil War constitutional conventions. This larger pattern of interdependency often culminated in both sides-the Texas and national organizations-believing that the other was necessary for successful campaigning at the state, regional, and national levels.
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Hagan, Kara Ann. "BREAST CANCER TRENDS AMONG KENTUCKY WOMEN, 2004-2007." UKnowledge, 2011. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/foodsci_etds/2.
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The purpose of this study is to investigate the discrepancies of female breast cancer mortality between the Appalachian and Non-Appalachian regions of Kentucky using data from the Kentucky Cancer Registry. This study identified subtype, reproductive, and regional differences in women with breast cancer in Kentucky. Among women with breast cancer living in Kentucky from 2004 to 2007, one and three live births significantly increased a woman’s risk of breast cancer mortality by 91% and 58% respectively, compared to a woman with zero live births. Progesterone receptornegative tumor status significantly increased a woman’s risk of breast cancer mortality by 64% compared to women with progesterone receptor-positive breast cancer. Residence in the Appalachian region significantly increased a woman’s risk of breast cancer mortality by 3.14-fold. After adjusting for regional interactions, progesterone receptor-negative tumor status in the Appalachian region increased a woman’s risk of breast cancer mortality by 3.13-fold. These findings suggest parity and estrogen receptor tumor status do not contribute to the breast cancer differences between the Appalachian and Non-Appalachian region of Kentucky. The association between progesterone receptor status and Appalachian residency suggest factors associated with the Appalachian region provide the poorest prognosis for a woman with breast cancer in Kentucky.
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Connan, Katie. "Improving the international and regional, legal and policy framework in the prevention of sexual exploitation and abuse of women and children by international and regional peacekeepers." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/20809.
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This dissertation will examine how an international and regional, legal and policy framework can be used to prevent continuing sexual exploitation and abuse by international and regional peacekeepers. It will examine what the different laws and policies contained within the framework currently articulate about sexual exploitation and abuse of women and children in peacekeeping settings, and evaluate their effectiveness at preventing this kind of misconduct. This dissertation will conclude by exploring how the effectiveness of the overall framework could be further improved.
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Santos, Gleys Ially Ramos dos. "Mulheres em Movimento...: Os limites do espaço e do gênero em face do movimento de mulheres trabalhadoras rurais no Tocantins." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2013. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/3414.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
Social relations on the land in the State of Tocantins accompanies the national scene and are full of conflict and violence . Are present in Tocantins , various social movements including the MST and the MAB , which brings a particular articulated by Via Campesina in Brazil - joint and coordinated actions throughout the state, occupying places representative to get the visibility and social state . These are actions that arose objectives of this thesis. By Via Campesina , MST and MAB , women within their movements initiated an action agenda against landlordism , poverty and social neglect , the invasions of the government and the consortium of energy and land reform . The particularity expressed , not only in unified agenda , but the guys who are making these actions and potential struggles - women farmers and rural workers of various social groups ( social movements , trade unions , NGOs , church, etc.) . Therefore , this research aims to understand the spatial distribution of the Women's Movement Field in Tocantins in their different positions and scales of action . For elaboration of the idea of a women's movement , we use the currents of thoughts that discuss space (Geography) , Gender (Feminist critics) and social movements , but we had more affinity with the scientific analysis poststructuralist and postcolonial , represented by various authors feminist or post colonies . Interviews were conducted , recorded the statements , results and considerations of meetings, demonstrations and prospects of women active in social movements , joints and at the March of Daisies , scaled it in for some considerations on how rural women in the state of Tocantins are to move .
As relações sociais sobre a terra no Estado do Tocantins acompanha o cenário nacional e estão cheias de conflitos e violências. Estão presentes no Tocantins, vários movimentos sociais entre eles o MST e o MAB, que traz uma particularidade articulada pela Via Campesina no Brasil – ações articuladas e conjuntas ao longo do estado, ocupando lugares representativos para obterem a visibilidade social e do Estado. São dessas ações que surgiram os objetivos dessa tese. Através da Via Campesina, MST e MAB, as mulheres no interior dos seus movimentos iniciaram uma agenda de ações contra o latifúndio, a miséria e o descaso social, as invasões do poder público e dos consórcios de energia e a favor da reforma agrária. A particularidade expressa, não está somente na agenda unificada, mas nos sujeitos que estão tornando essas ações e lutas possíveis – as mulheres camponesas e trabalhadoras rurais dos diversos segmentos sociais (movimentos sociais, sindicatos, ONGs, Igreja, etc.). Portanto, esta pesquisa tem como objetivo compreender a espacialização do Movimento de Mulheres do Campo no Tocantins em suas diferentes posições e escalas de ações. Para elaboração da ideia de um movimento de mulheres, recorremos as correntes de pensamentos que discutem o espaço (Geografia), gênero (Críticas feministas) e movimentos sociais, mas tivemos maior afinidade científica com as análises pós-estruturalistas e pós-coloniais, representadas por diversas/os autoras/es feministas ou pós-colôniais. Foram realizadas entrevistas, coletados depoimentos, resultados e considerações de reuniões, mobilizações e as perspectivas das mulheres atuantes nos movimentos sociais, nas articulações e na Marcha das Margaridas, isso nos dimensionou para algumas considerações sobre como as mulheres camponesas no Estado do Tocantins estão a se movimentar.
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Knox, Catherine University of Ballarat. "Navigating their way : how do women with hospitalised premature infants perceive their roles in regional special care nurseries?" University of Ballarat, 2006. http://archimedes.ballarat.edu.au:8080/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.17/12790.
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"Improved survival rates for premature infants have resulted in extended hospital stays in neonatal nurseries with consequent challenges for mothers assuming a parental role. Additionally, maternal medical complications associated with surgical birth, and a need to locate themselves in unfamiliar clinical environments, exacerbate women's experiences and transition to a maternal role competes with other roles at this time. For women living in rural and regional areas, who experience premature birth, there is additional hardship due to isolation, distance and limited support services. There has been little research on women's experiences with infants in special care nurseries in regional Australia."--(leaf ii).Master of Nursing
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Knox, Catherine. "Navigating their way : how do women with hospitalised premature infants perceive their roles in regional special care nurseries?" University of Ballarat, 2006. http://archimedes.ballarat.edu.au:8080/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.17/14625.
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"Improved survival rates for premature infants have resulted in extended hospital stays in neonatal nurseries with consequent challenges for mothers assuming a parental role. Additionally, maternal medical complications associated with surgical birth, and a need to locate themselves in unfamiliar clinical environments, exacerbate women's experiences and transition to a maternal role competes with other roles at this time. For women living in rural and regional areas, who experience premature birth, there is additional hardship due to isolation, distance and limited support services. There has been little research on women's experiences with infants in special care nurseries in regional Australia."--(leaf ii).Master of Nursing
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Fordyce, Meredith Ann. "An evaluation of the consistency of selected county-level rural typologies in determining rate and risk : the case of inadequate prenatal care /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5647.
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Lofego, Léa. "Organização da atenção pré-natal na rede regional /." Araçatuba, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/180993.
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Orientador: Nemre Adas SalibaBanca: Doris Hissako Sumida
Banca: Symone Cristina Teixeira
Resumo: Introdução: A rede de atenção à saúde maternoinfantil foi instituída em 2011 com a finalidade de promover melhorias na eficiência da gestão dos serviços, porém ainda se apresenta como um grande desafio para os gestores. Objetivo: Analisar a rede regional de atenção à saúde da gestante no SUS. Método: Trata-se de pesquisa de caráter transversal, quanti-qualitativa, tipo inquérito. Foram realizadas entrevistas com gestores de 28 municípios, do Ambulatório de Especialidades Médicas (AME) e do Departamento Regional de Saúde (DRS) II do estado de SP, totalizando 86 entrevistados. As variáveis pesquisadas foram: realização de atividade educativa no pré-natal, existência de protocolo de atendimento e encaminhamento, organização da atenção à saúde bucal e geral à gestante, pactuação das referências e funcionalidade do sistema de referência e contrarreferência. Realizou-se análise de conteúdo para as questões discursivas e triangulação entre as respostas obtidas nos municípios, AME e DRS. Resultado: Observou-se que 78,57% dos municípios realizam atividade educativa com gestantes; 42,86% não possuíam protocolo de atendimento implantado e em 57,14% não havia critérios de encaminhamento estabelecidos. Do total de gestores municipais, 53,57% afirmaram realizar testes rápidos para detecção de HIV, Sífilis e Hepatite B e C; 46,43% teste rápido de gravidez e 39,28% relataram avaliar a situação vacinal. Quanto à atenção odontológica primária, não havia protocolo instituído em 71,43% dos munic... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Introduction: The maternal and child health care network was established in 2011 with the purpose of promoting improvements in the efficiency of service management, but still presents a great challenge for managers. Objective: To analyze the regional health care network of pregnant women in SUS. Method: This is a cross-sectional, quantitative-qualitative research type survey. Interviews were carried out with managers from 28 municipalities, from the Ambulatory of Medical Specialties (AME) and from the Regional Department of Health (DRS) II of the state of São Paulo, totaling 86 interviewees. The variables studied were: performance of prenatal educational activity, existence of a referral protocol, organization of oral and general health care for the pregnant woman, agreement of references and functionality of the referral and counter-referral system. Content analysis was performed for the discursive questions and triangulation between the responses obtained in the municipalities, AME and DRS. Result: It was observed that 78.57% of the municipalities carry out educational activities with pregnant women; 42.86% did not have an implanted care protocol and in 57.14% there were no established referral criteria. Of the total of municipal managers, 53.57% affirmed to carry out rapid tests for the detection of HIV, Syphilis and Hepatitis B and C; 46.43% rapid pregnancy test and 39.28% reported evaluating the vaccine situation. Regarding primary dental care, there was no protocol esta... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
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Hartig, Andrea S. "Literary Landscaping: Re-reading the Politics of Places in Late Nineteenth-Century Regional and Utopian Literature." Connect to this document online, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1133485531.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Miami University, Dept. of English, 2005.Title from second page of PDF document. Document formatted into pages; contains [3], iv, 143 p. Includes bibliographical references (p. 132-143).
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Atatimur, Neslihan. "Reasons And Consequences Of International Labor Migration Of Women Into Turkey: Ankara Case." Master's thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12610109/index.pdf.
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The aim of the thesis is to analyze the reasons and consequences of
international labor migration of women workers into Turkey. With the
process of new global restructuring, transformations in production
structure and labor organization, and rise of informal economy widen the
gap between different geographies and generate a tied demand and supply
relation between female labor and service sector. Today millions of
women who suffer from poverty leave their countries in order to sell their
labor in another country. Turkey has been a popular destination for women
from post-Soviet countries since the 1980s. Many of them enter Turkey
legally in accordance with Turkish visa requirements but become illegal
by overstaying and working in country. Service sectors absorb this female
labor, and many of them are employed as live-in domestic workers.
This study aims to investigate how macro factors of international
migration like global restructuring and transformations in the informal
economy affects meso and micro structures. In this context, this study
focuses on the formation of intermediary agencies and particularly
individual migratory experiences of post-Soviet women in Ankara.
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Brown, Rebekah A. S. "The League of Women Voters, Social Change, and Civic Education in 1920's Ohio." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu155473074939274.
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Roades, Rebecca Nicole. "Dual Consciousness: Identity Construction Among Appalachian Professional Women in Southern Ohio." Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1317250592.
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Schwartz, Jana E. "The Impact of Cargo Bikes on the Travel Patterns of Women." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2016. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1584.
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There are a number of issues preventing the rollout of cargo bikes as a transportation mode in the United States. One concern that has been raised is whether cargo bikes can function as a gender equitable transportation solution in the United States, given documented gender gaps in national bike riding statistics and ongoing inequities in childcare in 2-parent heterosexual households. The research is aimed at reviewing the practicality, enjoyment, and outcome of cargo bike use as a gender equitable transportation solution. This research contributes to new knowledge in gender equitable transportation in 2 ways — a) gender-focused analysis of survey data regarding cargo bikes use; b) extended open-ended interviews with mothers with cargo bikes. Qualitative and quantitative data from surveys and interviews explore the influence of cargo bikes on transportation patterns and follow how behavior, attitude, spatial context, and perception varies between riders. Specific attention is given to the use of cargo bikes by women with children, as this demographic represents a minority group in the bicycle community and a group who could benefit most from the capabilities of a cargo bike design. Research shows, mothers spend more hours a day around their children and take part in more child-related activities. Therefore, the comfort and feasibility of the cargo bike for women with children becomes the topic of exploration to determine whether this mode type is a functional substitution for trips usually made by an automobile. Through the collection of a nation-wide survey of cargo bike riders and in-person interviews with mothers in San Luis Obispo, CA who currently use a cargo bike to transport their children and goods, the research assesses the travel patterns of women and the emotional and physical benefits cargo bikes can provide to this specific demographic. Results show that benefits of cargo bike use include boding opportunities with children and a more enjoyable commute, while barriers to use include ill-performing bicycle infrastructure and time allocation for trips made by the cargo bike, in comparison to the automobile. Mode substitution behavior from the automobile to the cargo bike is geographically and culturally specific, but as results from both parts of the study show, women are receptive to cargo bike use and demonstrate a powerful demographic that has the potential to influence the travel patterns of current and future commuters to shift away from automobile dependency.
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Cordero-MacIntyre, Zaida. "A prospective study on a weight control program and its impact on regional and total body composition in post-menopausal women." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/288912.
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Forty-five obese postmenopausal Caucasian women were treated with phentermine hydrochloride (Fastin®) and a 1200 kcal diet for weight reduction. Total and regional body composition changes were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and by anthropometry at 3-mo intervals over 9 mo. Plasma lipids, and serum insulin and leptin were measured. After 3 mo, Fastin® therapy produced a 6.8 kg weight loss (P < 0.01), and DXA-assessed fat and lean mass losses (P < 0.01) of 11.9 and 3.0%. respectively. DXA-estimated regional composition revealed respective fat mass losses of 14.1 and 11.9%. From abdomen and thighs, suggesting primarily subcutaneous and central fat depot losses. DXA reliability was assessed by same-day duplicate measurements (n = 10) calculated using old (version 8.1a) and new (version 8.21) analysis software. A 1.5% between-duplicate difference in lean mass was obtained with the old software; the new software yielded 1.1, 1.4 and 1.6% differences between duplicates for fat, lean and leg lean masses, respectively. CVs ranged from 1.7% for bone mineral content to 12.0% for arm fat mass for both versions. The new software produced higher values for all variables, except arm fat and lean masses than the old software. Except for a 1.9% trunk fat loss detected with the old software, magnitude of body composition changes over 3 mo in 21 weight-stable subjects was the same. The new software estimated total weight more accurately and with less variability than the old software. Fastin®-treated women lost (P < 0.01) 10% of their baseline body weight over 9 mo which correlated with a 20% reduction (P < 0.01) in serum leptin concentration. Plasma HDL-cholesterol concentration increased (P < 0.01) by 15% over 9 mo while total- and LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides decreased 14.2 (P < 0.01), 25.4 (P < 0.01) and 12.2% (P < 0.05), respectively. Serum insulin was unaffected by weight reduction. These data suggest that FastinRTM therapy was effective in reducing weight, and in producing a healthier body fat distribution and plasma lipid profile, thereby lowering cardiovascular disease risk in obese postmenopausal women. The DXA instrument (Holologic QDR-4500A. Hologic Inc. Waltham, MA) gave reproducible estimates of composition change in this population regardless of the software version used.
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Chitupila, Vanessa Chongo. "Gold between their legs? Trafficking in women for sexual exploitation : an analysis of the SADC response at national and regional level." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/12502.
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The objectives of this study are as follows:
a) To examine the history of human trafficking and the various international legal instruments adopted to address it.
b) To examine the trafficking of women and girls for sexual purposes and sexual
exploitation as well as to examine the various human rights (of female victims) violated during and after the process of human trafficking.
c) To examine the context of trafficking within Mozambique, Zambia and South Africa
and explore how these three countries are addressing human trafficking through
legislation.
d) To examine Europe’s measures against trafficking and whether there are lessons for
the SADC region.Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Law University of Pretoria, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Masters of Law (LLM in Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa). Prepared under the supervision of Dr Christopher Mbazira, Faculty of Law, Makerere University, Uganda.
Thesis (LLM (Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa))--University of Pretoria, 2009.
http://www.chr.up.ac.za/
Centre for Human Rights
LLM
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Huffman, Debra Kay 1952. "Fear in the landscape: Characteristics of the designed environment as they relate to the perceived and actual safety of women from assault and rape." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/278604.
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Research has shown that women perceive, use, and experience space differently than men, in part, because of gender issues and fear of victimization for violent crimes. Recent research has focused on the built environment, violence against women, and the social context of a university. The research study described here investigated women's perception of and actual safety from assault and rape on The University of Arizona campus. Sites perceived as safe and unsafe were identified from responses of 100 women students and administrators. Police reports of 132 campus assaults of women were used to identify sites of past rapes and assaults. Two outdoor sites were assessed in a preliminary study of two environmental audit methods. Findings from this study indicated that respondents perceived the campus as being very safe during the day but unsafe at night. Sites of previous assaults on women overlapped little with the areas women associated with fear.
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Fitzgerald, Katherine Elizabeth. "No Pure Lands: The Contemporary Buddhism of Tibetan Lay Women." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1586599037356041.
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Гурьєва, С. А. "Основні тенденції розвитку регіональної жіночої преси." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2008. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/15651.
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Киба, В., and С. А. Гурьєва. "Гламурна жіноча преса. Психологічні та соціальні аспекти." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2008. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/15649.
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Melnyk, Jason A. "The effects of high volume heavy resistance exercise training on regional hypertrophy of the quadriceps muscle in young and older men and women." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/2630.
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Thesis (M.A.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2005.Thesis research directed by: Kinesiology. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Beltrán, Varillas Cecilia Esperanza. "Equal opportunities policies for women and men: The analysis of the design of regional plans for equal opportunities in Peru between 2006-2010." Revista de Ciencia Política y Gobierno, 2014. http://revistas.pucp.edu.pe/index.php/cienciapolitica/article/view/12539/13099.
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One of the principal objectives of equal opportunity plans for women and men is the reduction of gender gaps in accordance with the constitutional mandate of the right to equality and non-discrimination by sex. However, based on an analysis of seventeen regional plans between 2006 and 2010 we came to realize that the majority of such plans do not include elements that ensure their implementation in their design, and are therefore not actually capable of facilitating the reduction of gender gaps at the regional level.Uno de los principales objetivos de los planes de igualdad de oportunidades entre mujeres y hombres es la reducción de las brechas de género, ello de conformidad con el mandato constitucional del derecho a la igualdad y el principio de no discriminación por sexo. No obstante, del análisis realizado a diecisiete planes regionales de igualdad de oportunidades entre mujeres y hombres en el Perú, en el período 2006-2010, se puede identificar que, en su mayoría, no cuentan con elementos en su diseño que garanticen su implementación, y que en consecuencia no han contribuido a la reducción de las brechas de género en el ámbito regional.
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Silva, Gabriela Bernardes. "Mulheres na agricultura familiar: terra, trabalho e família na comunidade ribeirão no município de Catalão (GO)." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2016. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/6038.
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The modernization of agriculture around the 1970s, mainly in the state of Goias, reaches the big landowners. In this sense, farmers use several strategies to live and keep on the countryside. This terminology adopted for our work is characterized by rural production units, structured in family work, which are identified by the relationship between land, labor and family. Man has the provider function; “head of household”, while woman is reserved to the private and domestic sphere, and even performing activities on the production sphere , these are considered as “help”. It has constant been the adoption of different social and economic strategies by family rural production units, which has enabled women in contribution to the permanence of families in the countryside. The patriarchal culture, that is inserted both in the way of thinking of men and women, contributes to the view that the woman workplace is on the domestic sphere, linked to care with family and home, characterizing work in production as complementary. This research aims to understanding the main characteristics of family farming and analyze the woman participation in Ribeirao community in the Catalan municipality, (GO).Throughout the research were characterized men and women work. For qualitative analysis, were used data tabulations through forms with 18 farmers (the) family in field research. In addition, statistical and census data in (IBGE – Catalan Agency) Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics and(SEGPLAN) Secretary of State for Management and Planning Goias, were important in intuition to meet the economic and social realities of the municipality. From the (SIAB) Primary Care Information System linked to Municipal Catalan Health we collect data and information related to the community being studied as population characteristics. This system is developed from the data or information (PACS) Community Health Agents Program. On the women's work consider that out is the space of the man who produces the food it out to the market. In addition to the gender hierarchy related to the spaces , the spaces related to work. For the sexual division of labor in agriculture shows that women occupy a subordinate position and their work is seen to help, even when they work as much as men and even performing the same activities.
A modernização da agricultura por volta da década de 1970, principalmente no estado de Goiás, atinge os grandes proprietários. Nesse sentido, os(as) pequenos(as) agricultores(as) utilizam várias estratégias para viverem e permanecerem no campo. Essa terminologia adotada para nosso trabalho se caracteriza pelas unidades de produção rural, estruturadas no trabalho familiar, que se identificam pela relação entre terra, trabalho e família. O homem tem a função de provedor; “chefe da família”, enquanto a mulher é reservada à esfera do privado; doméstico, e mesmo exercendo atividades na esfera produtiva, estas são consideradas como “ajuda”. Tem sido constante a adoção de diferentes estratégias sociais e econômicas pelas unidades de produção rural familiar, o que tem viabilizado as mulheres nas quais contribuem para a permanência das famílias no campo. A cultura patriarcal, que está inserida tanto no modo de pensar dos homens quanto das mulheres, contribui para a visão de que o lugar do trabalho da mulher é na esfera doméstica, ligado aos cuidados com a família e a casa, caracterizando o trabalho na produção como complementar. Este trabalho tem como objetivo compreender as principais características da agricultura familiar e analisar a participação da mulher na comunidade Ribeirão, no município de Catalão (GO). Para a análise qualitativa, foram utilizadas tabulações de dados através de formulários com 18 agricultores(as) familiares em pesquisa de campo. Além disso, dados estatísticos e censitários no Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE - Agência Catalão) e na Secretaria de Estado de Gestão e Planejamento Goiás (SEGPLAN), foram importantes no intuito de se conhecer as realidades econômicas e sociais do município. A partir do Sistema de Informação de Atenção Básica (SIAB) vinculada a Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Catalão que obtemos dados e informações referentes à comunidade em estudo como as características da população. Esse sistema é elaborado a partir dos dados e informações do Programa de Agentes Comunitários de Saúde (PACS). Ao longo as pesquisa foram caracterizados o trabalho dos homens e o trabalho das mulheres. Sobre o trabalho feminino consideramos que fora é o espaço do homem, que produz os alimentos pra fora para o mercado. Além da hierarquização de gênero relacionado aos espaços, também os espaços relacionados ao trabalho. Pois, a divisão sexual do trabalho na agricultura nos mostra que as mulheres ocupam uma posição subordinada e seu trabalho é visto como ajuda, mesmo quando trabalham tanto quanto os homens e inclusive realizando as mesmas atividades.
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Lomalisa, Litenye. "Causes of maternal deaths and severe acute maternal morbidity in a regional hospital in the Northwest Province of South Africa." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2006. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_7030_1254736307.
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Despite all measures taken by the South African government since 1994, there is a contiuous increase of maternal mortality in the country and the Northwest Province is amongst the highest. Studies to date combining the review of maternal deaths and severe acute maternal morbidity (SAMM) have been conducted primarily in urban areas. The aim of this study was to determine the causes of death and avoidable factors for maternal mortality and severe acute maternal morbidity in a rural regional hospital from 01/01/2005 to 30/04/2006.
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Meebelo, Nalishebo Maria-Nakafulo. "Exploration and harnessing of usable knowledge in interpretive participatory research : a case of women in the Zambian mining community." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2009. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1859.
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This qualitative iterative study is informed by a pragmatic application of participatory action research (PAR) methodology in the mining community of Chingola - Zambia. The inquiry was motivated by argument in the literature for better articulation, conceptualisation and implementation of PAR and other grassroots interpretive participatory research approaches. The study examines how tacit and explicit knowledge is explored and harnessed for problem solving, decision-making, planning and innovation, to enhance and sustain the livelihoods of community members. Three action research perspectives (Coghlan & Brannick, 2005; McKeman, 1996; O'Leary, 2005) were reviewed to inform the conceptual framework, while five distinct components of PAR were identified and utilised to explore and inform the broad research questions.
The research setting is characterised by the outcomes of post-socialist privatisation of mining enterprises experienced in the mid 1990s, which have impacted the livelihoods of mining community members and altered their conventional context. In particular, this study engages the perceptions of women aged 45 and over, and how these changes have influenced their daily lives. Having identified dislocation and empowerment as broad social issues in the selected community, PAR was employed as an intervention to build problem-solving capacity, among participants. The study intended to gain an in-depth understanding of a social change process, within the context of a real life situation, and from the standpoint of affected organisation members. An investigation of the process and outcomes of the Chingola Project (CP) were used to inform best practice in the use of PAR.
Influenced by postmodernist thought, the study is primarily enlightened by the paradigm of praxis and the psychic prison metaphor, and how these impact on PAR, over and above, the functionalist and the interpretive paradigms (Burrell & Morgan, 1979). It is apparent that precedence set by action researchers is mostly labelled as interpretive. The researcher illustrates the significance of extending PAR into praxis, as an aid to achieving enhanced organisational performance, as well as designing and implementing sustainable social development initiatives. Praxis is presented as a remedy for liberating imprisoned mindsets; mindsets which are then enacted upon the world in the present context and in real time. This is in contrast to enacting socially constructed and sustained realities that are detached from the current situation, as represented by interpretivism (Morgan, 1980).
Concepts of knowledge management, capacity building, social and cultural capital, and PAR were reviewed for their relation to knowledge sharing, collaborative learning, engagement of mental models and social change. In linking the findings to selected concepts, it was observed that most participants were extremely nostalgic and unmotivated; socialised and imprisoned in a strong culture of dependency. They attributed their problem situation to privatisation, new mine corporations and the Government. The researcher found that engaging subjects with such mindsets, in a process that requires a real connection to their present social dilemmas, posed a challenge to attaining socially significant change, and was a barrier to generating authentic and sustainable outcomes.
In seeking to ensure that ownership of the social dilemma was gained by pai1icipants, specific research methods were employed to generate an environment enabling participants to liberate or shift their mindsets to match real time. The study illuminates specific triggers that instigated social change in some participant perceptions and behaviours, which then critically began to challenge the status quo. The researcher established that lengthy contextualisation (Klein & Myers 1999) and force field analysis (Lewin, 195 l) would be significant stimulants for best practice in the use of PAR. In addition, understanding and managing variations of participation and engagement in the PAR process, was given fundamental recognition. Individual and focus group interviews; document analysis; photography and picture elicitation as well as two split capacity-building workshops were employed to collect data.
The study recommends an extension of the PAR procedure into the paradigm of praxis, as a remedy for linking participants' mindsets to their present social dilemma, when seeking to enhance organisational performance; and to achieve socially significant and sustainable livelihoods. Contextualisation implemented in this study, involving a holistic and lengthy social and historical analysis of life (Klein & Myers, 1999) and revelation of underlying factors that shape the mindsets of community members is also proposed as a significant activity in the PAR process. This intervention culminated in evident mindset shifts for some pa1ticipants, as well as collaborative consensus to register a women's community based organisation, signifying an effective and organic exit strategy by the researcher. The process and outcomes contribute to a model for best practice in the use of grassroots participatory research. Although results for the study cannot be entirely generalised, they can be adapted and used as a prototype in similar contexts. It is hoped that mining and other satellite corporations, seeking to be socially responsible and to contribute to matters of social development and sustainability, will be informed by this thesis. Similarly, local government and community development agencies, and local and international NGOs can benefit from this conceptualisation of PAR and the subsequent outcomes.
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Bae, Junghee. "The impact of marriage on unmet needs of Korean women with physical disabilities : reanalyzing the results of a regional survey of Cheonan-Si, South Korea /." Available to subscribers only, 2006. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1203567791&sid=11&Fmt=2&clientId=1509&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Kegley, Michele Dawn. "Socio-Economic Stability and Independence of Appalachian Women." Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1327600618.
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Fitzgerald, Jenrose D. "SCIENCE WARS AS CULTURE WARS: FRACKING AND THE BATTLE FOR THE HEARTS AND MINDS OF WOMEN." UKnowledge, 2014. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/sociology_etds/18.
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In this thesis, I examine how claims regarding the environmental and health impacts of hydraulic fracturing or “fracking” are constructed by industry advocates who promote the practice and environmental and social justice groups who reject it. More specifically, I examine the cultural underpinnings of the debate over fracking, and the prominence of gender as a central framing device in that debate. While the controversy over fracking is often presented as scientific or technical in nature, I maintain that it is as much a culture war as it is a science war. I demonstrate this by showing how both pro-fracking and anti-fracking groups mobilize cultural symbols and identities—motherhood, environmentalism, family farming, family values, individualism, and patriotism among them—in order to persuade the public and advocate for their positions. I contend that engagement with the cultural and ideological dimensions of those debates, including their gendered dimensions, is as important as engagement with its scientific and technical dimensions. Ultimately, I argue that a greater focus on gender contributes to our understanding of environmental risk more broadly, and to the field of environmental sociology as a whole. As such, gender deserves more scholarly attention within the field than it is currently receiving.
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Fox, Kathryn Elizabeth. "Stand up and be (en) countered : resistance in solo stand-up performance by Northern English women marginalised on the basis of gender, class and regional identity." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2017. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/20722/.
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This practice-led thesis takes the standpoint of a female, Northern English stand-up poet to look at how the stand-up form can articulate and resist marginality. It draws on my professional stand-up practice to explore how class, gender and Northern English regional identity are intertwined in stand-up performance and how a “Northernness Effect”, based on historic conceptions of a subaltern North of England, impacts on representations of Northern stand-up performers. The pieces of practice I focus on include a comedy show about class that I recorded for Radio 4 and a performance autoethnography. This thesis is underpinned by original empirical research, including ethnographic interviews with 27 Northern performers and a content analysis of 260 newspaper comedy reviews. Under-researched moments of “in-betweenness” in the art form of stand-up and the positions of marginalised practitioners are highlighted in order to analyse the form as a dialogical site both for intimate, intersubjective encounter and for struggles which counter pervasive classed and gendered stereotypes. The dialogic nature of stand-up is illustrated within the thesis itself by the use of an interrupting voice which thinks it is hilarious and owes a lot to Bakhtin’s theories of carnival and heteroglossia. The resistant possibilities of various stand-up postures are explored. The “scholar stand-up” is proposed as an addition to Joanne Gilbert’s five types of female comic performance posture. In addition, the resistant possibilities of the archetypes of the “unruly woman” and the “female trickster” are posited as generative for female stand-ups grappling with the complexities of living social mobility and marginality. The thesis also asserts that stand-up can function as an academic methodology and critical pedagogy, particularly when used as autoethnography. It therefore suggests “humitas” as a new word for humorous performative utterances, in order to counter readings of humour as “only” play or lacking in efficacy.
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Van, Niekerk Elizabeth C. "Evaluation of a quality improvement cycle intervention in the provision of PMTCT at a regional hospital." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/85669.
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Thesis (MMed)-- Stellenbosch University, 2013.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The vast majority of new Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infections in infants and young children occur through mother-to-child-transmission (MTCT), either during pregnancy, labour or delivery or by breastfeeding. Without access to perinatal MTCT (PMTCT) programmes approximately 30% of all babies born annually will be infected with HIV. OBJECTIVES The aim was to implement and audit a quality improvement cycle at the Worcester Obstetric Unit, which comprises of Worcester Hospital, a regional hospital in the Western Cape Province and its level one midwife obstetric Unit (MOU), in order to improve the quality of the PMTCT programme. The intervention included the implementation of easy changes and tools in the Antenatal Clinic, Infectious Diseases Clinic and Labour ward. METHODS The files and antenatal records of all HIV positive patients and patients with an unknown HIV status, who delivered at the Worcester Obstetric Unit during January, February and March of 2010 and 2011, were reviewed. All HIV negative patients and patients that had stillbirths and miscarriages were excluded. The pre-interventional findings of 2010 were compared with the post-interventional findings of 2011. RESULTS At the Worcester Obstetric Unit, for the study time period, there were 907 deliveries in 2010, of which 102 (11.2%) patients were HIV positive and 4 (0.4%) had an unknown HIV status compared to 2011, with 865 deliveries of which 108(12.5%) patients were HIV positive and no patients had an unknown HIV status. Significantly more patients were diagnosed with HIV before they fell pregnant than during pregnancy in the 2011 group, when compared with the 2010 group. A CD4 count was done on 94% of patients who were newly diagnosed with HIV and those with an unknown CD4 count result in the 2010 group, compared to 92% in 2011. There was a significant improvement after the intervention in the time it took from when blood was drawn for a CD4 count until the result was followed up, the median time decreased from 34 to 8 days (p=0.000001). Significantly more patients qualified for highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) after the guidelines were changed and the CD4 cut off was increased to 350 cells/l (p=0.001). Prior the intervention 18 patients did not receive the correct management before delivery due to preventable reasons, compared to one at the MOU. After the intervention this decreased significantly to only one patient at Worcester Hospital and none at the MOU (p=0.000001). Before the intervention adherence to the PMTCT protocol at the MOU was significantly better than at the hospital (p=0.0005) and after the intervention there was no significant difference (p=1.0). CONCLUSION Although the audit and quality improvement cycle was performed at a single hospital, with specific changes geared towards their needs, the basic principles can be applied to any Unit in the country providing a PMTCT service. Educating staff, creating awareness and reminding staff of the basic principles of PMTCT, implementing small changes and streamlining processes and setting specific goals or timelines, can lead to significant improvements in care, which ultimately will lead to a decrease in PMTCT of HIV and HIV related maternal and infant morbidity and mortality.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die oorgrote meerderheid (>90%) van nuwe Menslike Immuniteitsgebreksvirus (MIV) infeksies in babas en jong kinders vind plaas deur middel van moeder-na-kind-oordrag, hetsy gedurende swangerskap, die kraamproses of borsvoeding. Sonder toegang tot perinatale voorkomingsprogramme (PMTCT) sal ongeveer 30% van alle babas jaarliks met MIV geïnfekteer word. DOELWITTE Die doel van die studie was om ‘n gehalteverbeteringsiklus by die Worcester Verloskunde Eenheid, wat bestaan uit Worcester Hospitaal, 'n streekshospitaal in die Wes-Kaapprovinsie en sy vlak een vroedvrou verlossingseenheid (VVE), te implementer en daarna te oudit, om sodoende die gehalte van die PMTCT-program te verbeter. Die intervensie het bestaan uit die implementering van eenvoudige veranderinge en prosesse in die voorgeboortekliniek, infeksiesiekte-kliniek en kraamsaal. METODES Die lêers en voorgeboorte rekords van alle MIV-positiewe pasiënte en pasiënte met 'n onbekende MIV-status, wat gedurende Januarie, Februarie en Maart van 2010 en 2011 verlos het by die Worcester Verloskunde Eenheid, is nagegaan. Alle MIV-negatiewe pasiënte en pasiënte met doodgebore babas en miskrame is uitgesluit. Die pre-intervensie bevindings van 2010 is vergelyk met die post-intervensie bevindings van 2011. RESULTATE By die Worcester Verloskunde Eenheid was daar 907 geboortes gedurende die studietydperk in 2010, waarvan 102 (11,2%) pasiënte MIV-positief was en 4 (0,4%) met ‘n onbekende MIV-status. In 2011 was daar 865 geboortes waarvan 108 (12,5%) pasiënte MIV-positief was en geen met 'n onbekende MIV-status. In die 2011-groep is beduidend meer pasiënte gediagnoseer met MIV voor as tydens swangerskap. In die 2010-groep is daar 'n CD4-telling gedoen vir 94% van nuut gediagnoseerde pasiënte en diegene met 'n onbekende CD4-telling, in vergelyking met 92% in 2011. Daar was 'n beduidende verbetering na die intervensie in die tyd wat dit geneem het vandat bloed getrek is vir 'n CD4-telling totdat die resultaat opgevolg is. Die mediane tyd het verminder vanaf 34 na 8 dae (p = 0.000001). Nadat die riglyne vir kwalifisering vir hoogs aktiewe antiretrovirale terapie (HAART) verander is na ‘n CD4 telling 350 selle/l het daar beduidend meer pasiënte gekwalifiseer vir HAART. By Worcester Hospitaal het 18 pasiënte voor die intervensie nie die korrekte behandeling intrapartum ontvang nie weens voorkombare redes, in vergelyking met slegs een pasiënt by die VVE. Na die intervensie was daar ‘n beduidende afname na slegs een pasiënt by Worcester Hospitaal en geen by die MOU (p = 0.000001). Voor die intervensie was die korrekte uitvoering van die PMTCT-protokol by die MOU beduidend beter as by die hospitaal (p = 0,0005) en na die intervensie was daar geen beduidende verskil (p = 1.0). GEVOLGTREKKING Alhoewel die oudit en gehalteverbeteringsiklus uitgevoer is by 'n enkele hospitaal, met spesifieke veranderinge gerig tot hul behoeftes, kan die basiese beginsels toegepas word in enige eenheid in die land wat ‘n PMTCT diens verskaf. Opvoeding van personeel en bewusmaking rakende die basiese beginsels van PMTCT, klein veranderinge en die vaartbelyning van prosesse by die voorgeboorte klinieke en die stel van spesifieke doelwitte of tydlyne, kan lei tot aansienlike verbeteringe in pasiënte sorg. Dit sal uiteindelik lei tot 'n afname in die MIV oordrag van moeder na kind, asook MIV-verwante morbiditeit en mortaliteit in moeders en kinders.
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Borges, Elinielle Pinto. "Gênero, ciência e contexto regional: analisando diferenças entre docentes da pós-graduação de duas universidades brasileiras." Instituto Brasileiro de Informação em Ciência e Tecnologia/Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 2014. http://ridi.ibict.br/handle/123456789/840.
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Este estudo tem como objetivo verificar desigualdade de gênero nas tarefas acadêmicas dos docentes-pesquisadores da pós-graduação, assim como identificar mecanismos que contribuem para o estabelecimento e perpetuação dessas desigualdades A discussão teórica apresenta argumentos sobre diferenças de gênero na sociedade em geral, e na ciência em particular. A abordagem empírica selecionou como campo de estudo duas universidades federais: a UFRJ e a UFMA, visando também a identificação de diferenças regionais, através de análise quantitativa e qualitativa. Para a abordagem quantitativa foram utilizados dados secundários já trabalhados no estudo de Leta et al. (2013). Um sub-conjunto desses dados sobre as duas instituições foi gerado para este estudo que envolveu informações sobre o total de 2667 docentes-pesquisadores. A abordagem qualitativa envolveu entrevistas realizadas junto a 14 coordenadores da pós-graduação das universidades mencionadas. O roteiro de entrevista buscou conhecer diferenças de uma cultura de gênero nas escolhas profissionais, no exercício das tarefas acadêmicas, no estabelecimento de obstáculos na carreira científica, e na sobrecarga das atividades relacionadas à educação dos filhos. A análise dos dados quantitativos mostrou, entre outros aspectos, que os cursos da UFRJ têm desempenho superior aos da UFMA. Focalizando as desigualdades de gênero, verificou-se um maior equilíbrio entre homens e mulheres no desempenho das tarefas acadêmicas na UFMA do que na UFRJ. A análise das entrevistas mostrou que os docentes-pesquisadores, homens e mulheres, tendem a não ver diferenças de gênero na academia e que ambos os sexos carregam preconceitos em relação a diferenças de habilidades entre homens e mulheres. As falas dos entrevistados sugerem ainda que o peso do desequilíbrio de gênero no exercício das tarefas domésticas, e seu impacto nas atividades das mulheres se faz sentir, inclusive, no sentimento de culpa carregado pelas mulheres que chegaram ao topo da carreira científica. Sobre as diferenças regionais, os pesquisadores da UFMA demonstram sentir barreiras e dificuldades no exercício da atividade científica em região menos desenvolvida.
This study aims to examine gender inequality in academic tasks of graduate faculty, as well as identify mechanisms that contribute to the establishment and perpetuation of these inequalities. The theoretical discussion presents arguments about gender differences in society in general, and science in particular. The empirical approach selected as a field of study two federal universities: UFRJ and UFMA, aiming also to identify regional differences, through quantitative and qualitative analysis. For the quantitative approach we used secondary data already worked on during the study Leta et al. (2013). A subset of this data on the two institutions was generated for this study which involved information about a total of 2667 teachers-researchers. The qualitative approach involved interviews conducted with 14 graduate coordinators of the universities mentioned. The interview script aimed to detect differences in gender culture in career choices, in the exercise of academic tasks, in the establishment of obstacles in a scientific career, and in the overload of activities related to education of children. The analysis of the quantitative data showed, among other things, that the UFRJ courses have outperformed those of UFMA. Focusing on gender inequalities, there was a better balance between men and women in the performance of academic tasks in UFMA than at UFRJ. The analysis of the interviews showed that teachers-researchers, men and women, tend not to see gender differences in academia and that both sexes carry prejudices about the differences in skills between men and women. The statements of the respondents also suggest that the weight of the gender imbalance in the performance of household chores, and their impact on the activities of women is felt even in the sense of guilt carried by women who reached the top of the scientific career. Regarding regional differences, the researchers of UFMA are shown to feel barriers and difficulties in the exercise of scientific activity in a less developed region.
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MORAIS, Grasiela Florêncio de. "O “belo sexo” sob vigilância: o controle das práticas cotidianas e formas de resistência das mulheres pobres livres, libertas e escravas no Recife oitocentista (1830-1850)." Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 2011. http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/4730.
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This academic job aims to discuss and reflect on the possible ways women and their various forms of survival in the city, we will focus particularly to the population of poor women free of the blinders and captive who lived on the outskirts of the city of Recife in the mid-first half of the nineteenth century (1830-1850). So in a society marked by setbacks of slavery, as well as the “hard” social hierarchy that values attributed to its individuals, places and roles, therefore, for this reason, it would be for women only “modestly” in the house with chores and care home. Moreover, regardless of their ethnicity and social position, obedience and submission were “religiously” to be its main attributes. However, not all women fit the standards set by the strong hegemonic discourse, in particular, women from less affluent classes of society of the time. This was a must to be pointed pejoratively by “rowdy”, “dishonorable” and “bad habits”, attributes that symbolized peace and an affront to public morality, especially for the city authorities. As a result their practices have attracted a strong supervision of representatives of state power (such as municipal inspectors, the police apparatus etc.). That they intended to act more forcefully in public space to better track and correct the “bad habits” of people in the city. In this way they tried to “manufacture” a “new” kind of guy that does not prevent social or put at risk the interests of the nation that wanted to build in under eight hundred pillars of the concepts of “order” and “progress”. Therefore, our discussion will permeate this contentious political and social landscape of the city of Recife and its relationship with the women in question.
Esse trabalho acadêmico visa discutir e refletir sobre as possíveis condições femininas e as suas variadas formas de sobrevivência na cidade, particularmente centraremos a nossa atenção ao universo das mulheres pobres livres, das forras e das cativas que viviam nos limites da cidade do Recife em meados da primeira metade do século XIX (1830-1850). Assim numa sociedade marcada pelos percalços da escravidão, bem como pela “rígida” hierarquia social que atribuía aos seus indivíduos valores, lugares e papéis sociais; logo, por esta razão, caberia às mulheres apenas o “recato” da casa e o cuidado com os afazeres domésticos. Ademais, independente de sua etnia, condição e posição social, a obediência e a submissão deveriam “religiosamente” ser os seus principais atributos. Contudo, nem todas as mulheres se enquadraram nos padrões estabelecidos pelo forte discurso hegemônico, em particular, as mulheres oriundas das classes menos abastadas da sociedade da época. Isso foi um imperativo para serem apontadas pejorativamente por “desordeiras”, “desonradas” e de “maus costumes”, atributos que simbolizavam uma afronta ao sossego e a moral pública, sobretudo, para as autoridades citadinas. Em resultado, as suas práticas atraíram uma forte vigilância dos representantes do poder do Estado (tais como, os fiscais municipais, os aparatos policiais etc.) que tencionavam atuar com mais vigor no espaço público para melhor controlar e corrigir os “maus hábitos” das pessoas na cidade. Dessa maneira se procurava “fabricar” um “novo” tipo de sujeito social que não impedisse ou colocasse em risco os interesses da nação que se queria edificar nos oitocentos sob os pilares dos conceitos de “ordem” e “progresso”. Portanto, a nossa discussão permeará este conflituoso cenário político-social da cidade do Recife e a sua relação com as mulheres em questão.
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Wiklund, Peder. "Adipose tissue, the skeleton and cardiovascular disease." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Geriatrik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-42083.
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Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in the Western World, although the incidence of myocardial infarction (MI) has declined over the last decades. However, obesity, which is one of the most important risk factors for CVD, is increasingly common. Osteoporosis is also on the rise because of an aging population. Based on considerable overlap in the prevalence of CVD and osteoporosis, a shared etiology has been proposed. Furthermore, the possibility of interplay between the skeleton and adipose tissue has received increasing attention the last few years with the discovery that leptin can influence bone metabolism and that osteocalcin can influence adipose tissue. A main aim of this thesis was to investigate the effects of fat mass distribution and bone mineral density on the risk of MI. Using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) we measured 592 men and women for regional fat mass in study I. In study II this was expanded to include 3258 men and women. In study III 6872 men and women had their bone mineral density measured in the total hip and femoral neck using DEXA. We found that a fat mass distribution with a higher proportion of abdominal fat mass was associated with both an adverse risk factor profile and an increased risk of MI. In contrast, a higher gynoid fat mass distribution was associated with a more favorable risk factor profile and a decreased risk of MI, highlighting the different properties of abdominal and gynoid fat depots (study I-II). In study III, we investigated the association of bone mineral density and risk factors shared between CVD and osteoporosis, and risk of MI. We found that lower bone mineral density was associated with hypertension, and also tended to be associated to other CVD risk factors. Low bone mineral density was associated with an increased risk of MI in both men and women, apparently independently of the risk factors studied (study III). In study IV, we investigated 50 healthy, young men to determine if a high-impact loading intervention in the form of a series of jumps would lead to changes in glucose and lipid metabolism. We found that the intervention group had significantly lowered serum glucose levels compared to the control group. Changes in all metabolic parameters favored the intervention group with an increase in lipolysis from baseline and a decrease in cholesterol. In summary, the proportion of abdominal and gynoid fat mass displayed contrasting associations to both CVD risk factors and MI risk. Abdominal fat mass was associated with a higher risk while a high proportion of gynoid fat mass was associated with a lower risk. Bone mineral density displayed an inverse association with MI risk, seemingly independently of CVD risk factors, suggesting other explanations to a shared pathogenesis. Finally, high impact loading on the skeleton in young, healthy men decreased serum glucose levels and tended to improve other metabolic parameters, suggesting that the skeleton can affect energy metabolism.
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Jonsson, Malin. "Kvinnors arbete och hushållens försörjning : vävinkomsternas betydelse för hushållsekonomin i Siljansbygden 1938-1955 /." Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Universitetsbiblioteket [distributör], 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-7077.
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Snyman, Leon Cornelius. "Efficacy of the sentinel lymph node biopsy algorithm and PET/CT scan in assessing regional lymph node status in women with early stage endometrial and cervical cancer in a South African population." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/64296.
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Abstract
Introduction
Knowledge about the oncologic status of pelvic lymph nodes forms an essential and integral part in the management of women with uterine cancer. Lymph node status is part of endometrial cancer staging and plays an important role in primary treatment and adjuvant treatment planning and prognosis in women with cervical cancer. Current practice in the management of uterine cancers involves systematic full pelvic lymphadenectomy, mainly to determine the oncological status of the nodes, as there is no high-quality evidence suggesting a therapeutic effect attributable to lymphadenectomy.
Imaging in the form of computed tomography (CT) scans and magnetic resonance (MRI) scan is not accurate to determine pelvic lymph node status in women with uterine cancer. Functional scans such as 18Fluoro-deoxy-glucose positron emission/computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT) scan might provide better access in this setting.
Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) procedures, specifically the SLNB algorithm, have been proposed as a safe and accurate alternative procedure to full systematic lymphadenectomy in women with uterine cancers. It has also been proposed as a better alternative than complete omission of lymphadenectomy in women with presumed low risk early stage endometrial cancer. SLNB procedures might also be able to detect higher rates of lymph node metastases with the detection of micro metastases following pathological ultrastaging
The presence or absence of high risk human papilloma virus (hrHPV) DNA in sentinel lymph nodes of women with cervical cancer has also been suggested to be a useful adjunct to frozen section examination (FSE) in assisting with determination of the status of the non-sentinel nodes. Some data suggest the combination of negative FSE and absence of hrHPV accurately predict the absence of metastases.
South African women have high prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus infection, tuberculosis (TB) and pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). All these infections involve the lymphatic system. Data on SLNB procedures are form well-developed countries with different disease burdens and socioeconomic profiles, and there is no data from women living in low-resource settings.
Aims
This study aimed to determine the efficacy of and performance of FDG-PET/CT scan and SLNB and SLNB algorithm in accurately predicting the regional lymph node status of the pelvis in women with early stage cervical cancer and presumed early stage endometrial cancer. It also aimed to investigate the usefulness of HPV DNA testing of sentinel nodes in women with cervical cancer.
Population and setting
This was a prospective observational study performed in the Gynaecologic Oncology Unit at the Kalafong Provincial Tertiary Hospital and Steve Biko Academic Hospital.
Patients aged 18 years and older, with operable stages cervical cancer and presumed early stage endometrial cancer willing and able to provide informed consent were eligible for inclusion.
Materials and methods
Sentinel node mapping was done using methylene blue (MB) and indocyanine green (ICG) injected into the cervix after induction of anaesthesia at the time of primary surgery. 99Technetium nanocolloid (99Tc) was administered one day pre-operatively followed by lymphoscintigram. FDG-PET/CT scans were performed prior to surgery.
Following mapping and removal, FSE, HPV DNA typing, haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) examination with ultrastaging on H&E negative specimens were performed on the SLNs. All patients underwent systematic full pelvic lymphadenectomy and appropriate cancer surgery.
Results
One hundred patients were prospectively recruited to the study and results of 94 patients were available for analysis. SNL detection rate of the whole group was 60.6% with bilateral detection 29.2%. Twenty-four patients (25.5%) had pelvic metastases.
Sixty-five percent of women with cervical cancer in this study were HIV positive, and the SLN detection rate in this group was 65% with bilateral detection rate of 30%. The detection rate was significantly higher in women without nodal metastases, those with stage IA2 – IB2 disease, with tumour less than 2 cm and women with BMI less than 25 kg/m2. HIV status, history of TB, PID and the presence of adhesions did not influence the SLN detection rate. The sentinel lymph node biopsy algorithm has a sensitivity of 100%, NPV of 100% and a false negative rate of 0% in this study. The SLNB procedure identified two women with only micro metastases (15.4%). These women would not have been identified with systematic lymphadenectomy and H&E examination.
Indocyanine green and the combination of methylene blue and 99Technetium nanocolloid had significantly better sentinel node detection rates compared to methylene blue alone
FDG-PET/CT scan was performed in 28 women. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of FDG-PET/CT scans to accurately predict nodal status, were 66.67%, 82%, 30.77% and 95.38% respectively. The false negative rate of FDG-PET/CT scans was 33.3%.
The sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV for FSE in this cohort was 66.67%, 100%, 100% and 96.05% respectively. The FNR for FSE was 23.1%.
Thirty-two patients with cervical cancer had tumour and SLN hrHPV DNA data. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of sentinel lymph node HPV DNA to predict metastases was 50%, 69.6%, 30 and 84.2% respectively with a false negative rate of 42.8%.
Conclusions
Although the SLN detection rate was lower compared to the published literature, the SLNB algorithm performed excellently in this group of patients of which the majority were HIV-infected.
The SLNB procedure can be considered as a treatment option in selected cases in the management of women with early stage endometrial and cervical cancer.
PET/CT should not be used as part of the primary diagnosis and staging investigations in women with uterine cancer, and is recommended only in selected cases for initial staging of locally advanced cervical cancer being considered for radical chemoradiation therapy.
In this study, testing for the presence of hrHPV DNA in the sentinel lymph nodes was not useful as a predictor of pelvic lymph node status. The combination of negative FSE and negative hrHPV in the SLNs did not have a reliable negative predictive value for the absence of pelvic nodal metastases.Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2017.
Obstetrics and Gynaecology
PhD
Unrestricted
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Kempf, Renata Borges. "A fábrica das sete mulheres: gênero e diversificação dos meios de vida na agricultura familiar." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2017. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/2371.
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Fundação AraucáriaO estudo pretende analisar as relações de gênero no meio rural e como a sua organização social e econômica tem auxiliado na transformação das relações de poder no espaço doméstico e público. A pesquisa utilizou a abordagem dos meios de vida e procurou identificar como essas estratégias influenciaram a transformação das relações sociais e econômicas de um grupo de mulheres no meio rural, bem como, utilizou-se da abordagem do feminismo descolonial para compreender suas formas de resistência. A construção da pesquisa ocorreu por meio de procedimentos qualitativos e quantitativos de análise, procurando apresentar um caráter interdisciplinar tanto na metodologia de coleta quanto na análise dos dados. O trabalho de campo consistiu na realização de um estudo de caso em uma associação de sete mulheres que compõe uma Agroindústria Familiar Rural em Pranchita-Pr, o estabelecimento apresenta como diferencial o fato de serem as sete mulheres responsáveis por todas as etapas do processo produtivo, envolvendo além da produção, o controle financeiro e as estratégias de comercialização da agroindústria. Dessa forma buscou-se identificar os gargalos, os meios e as alternativas encontradas pelas mulheres rurais, bem como, as redes de relações que o processo edificou em sua caminhada até aqui. Foi então possível perceber as diversas peculiaridades das estratégias de resistência adotadas pelas mulheres rurais e como são importantes para o empoderamento feminino e, ao mesmo tempo, garantidor das estratégias de reprodução social da agricultura familiar.
The study aims to analyze gender relations in rural areas and how their social and economic organization has helped in the transformation of power relations in domestic and public spaces. The research used the livelihoods approach and sought to identify how these strategies influenced the transformation of the social and economic relations of a group of women in rural areas, as well as using the approach of decolonial feminism to understand their forms of resistance. The construction of the research took place through qualitative and quantitative analysis procedures, seeking to present an interdisciplinary character both in the collection methodology and in the data analysis. The field work consisted in the realization of a case study in an association of seven women that composes a Rural Family Agroindustry in Pranchita-PR, the establishment presents as differential the fact that the seven women are responsible for all stages of the productive process, Involving besides the production, the financial control and the commercialization strategies of the agroindustry. In this way, we sought to identify the bottlenecks, the means and the alternatives found by the rural women, as well as the networks of relationships that the process built on their journey up to here. It was then possible to perceive the diverse peculiarities of the strategies of resistance adopted by rural women and how important they are to female empowerment and, at the same time, guarantor of the social reproduction strategies of family agriculture.
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Hedfeldt, Mona. "Företagande kvinnor i bruksort : arbetsliv och vardagsliv i samspel." Doctoral thesis, Örebro universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-2605.
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The Bergslagen region in Sweden has a history of iron and steel production, and in the small industrial towns in the region, one large employer has often held a strong position. Although the region has gone through structural change since the 1970’s, in previous research, becoming self-employed is perceived of as difficult, since it implies going against a strong working culture. The image of Bergslagen is that of a non-entrepreneurial region. Furthermore, in previous research, the gender contract in the region is characterized as traditional. In this thesis light is shed on women in the region who are self-employed. Topics that are focused on are work experience, role models, family situation and networks. The study builds on qualitative interviews and longitudinal registry based statistics (1993-2003). The interviews were carried out in the municipalities of Norberg and Fagersta with self-employed women in the fields of health and business services. Conclusions drawn concern both the region Bergslagen as an entrepreneurial region and the lives of self-employed women. The situations and conditions under which women become and remain self-employed displays a complex interaction between different areas of life, both in relation to the start-up phase and the subsequent running of their businesses. The idea of the region as non-entrepreneurial is scrutinized. For one, the share of self-employed in the Bergslagen municipalities only differs among men, compared to the national average. The share of self-employed women in the region, however, is similar to the national average. Furthermore, the share of self-employed men and women varies among the municipalities within the region. Thus, it is problematic to speak of the region as non-entrepreneurial and as homogenous when it comes to self-employment and entrepreneurship. These findings indicate that the idea of the region as non-entrepreneurial is an expression of both the region being male coded and women entrepreneurs being subordinated.
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Grapiglia, Nivia Maria Bogoni. "Participação das mulheres no movimento pela reabertura do Caminho do Colono (1986-2013)." Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, 2013. http://tede.unioeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/1692.
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Previous issue date: 2013-09-24"Caminho do Colono", an eighteen-kilometer road which cross the Iguassu National Park, between the cities of Serranópolis do Iguaçu and Capanema, in the West region of Paraná, became the scene of several conflicts in recent years. On one side, people who defend the permanence of the road closure, on the other side, the ones who agree with its reopening. These conflicts have generated several debates, clashes and discussion among environmental agencies, government representatives and locals, reflecting on environmental issues nationally discussed. In the way that the road crosses the Iguassu National Park, any matter or discussion about it, involves other areas of preservation. In 1997, ten years after the first road closure, locals, tired of waiting for judgments, organized themselves, occupied the road and started using it again. From this occupation, several clashes occurred, promoting a series of closures and reopenings which marked and still mark the history of the road and the population of the neighboring cities of the Park. Social people from different groups driven by multiple reasons participated in public actions. However, by searching for information related to "Movimento Pró-Reabertura do Caminho do Colono" (Motion for Reopening the "Caminho do Colono"), we notice that in both records made by press and works, the testimonials are predominantly male, thus setting the motion as of and made by men. The interviews we collect, unlike, point to another direction, they demonstrate that women participated in large numbers along the process of claim, in public and sometimes, direct actions, in clashes with police. Hence, the central concern of this study is to analyze the participation of women in "Movimento Pró-Reabertura do Caminho do Colono". How do women from the city and from the countryside, with different background and roles in society, understand the closure and public actions for the reopening of the road? How have they participated? How do they evaluate the constitution of their subjectivity from experiences of claim, specially the ones from camps along the "Caminho do Colono"?
O Caminho do Colono, percurso de dezoito quilômetros que corta o Parque Nacional do Iguaçu, entre os municípios de Serranópolis do Iguaçu e Capanema, na região Oeste do Paraná, tornou-se, nos últimos anos, palco de diversos conflitos. De um lado, os que defendem a continuidade do fechamento da estrada e, de outro, os que se posicionam pela reabertura da mesma. Esses conflitos têm gerado diversos debates, enfrentamentos e discussões entre órgãos ambientalistas, representantes do governo e moradores da região, repercutindo em questões ambientais debatidas nacionalmente. Na medida em que a estrada corta o Parque Nacional do Iguaçu (PNI), qualquer questão ou decisão sobre ela envolve outras áreas de conservação. No ano de 1997, dez anos após o primeiro fechamento da estrada, moradores da região, cansados de esperar pela decisão judicial, organizaram-se, ocuparam o caminho e passaram a utilizá-lo novamente. A partir dessa ocupação, diversos enfrentamentos ocorreram, promovendo uma sucessão de fechamentos e reaberturas que marcaram e ainda marcam a história do percurso e da população dos municípios limítrofes ao PNI. Das ações coletivas participaram sujeitos sociais de diferentes grupos e movidos por uma multiplicidade de interesses. No entanto, ao buscar informações referentes ao denominado Movimento Pró-Reabertura do Caminho do Colono , observamos que, tanto nos registros feitos pela imprensa como em obras, os depoimentos predominantemente são de homens, configurando, assim, o referido movimento como de e feito por homens. As entrevistas por nós realizadas, ao contrário, apontam para outra direção, demonstram que as mulheres participaram durante todo o processo de reivindicação e em grande número, em ações coletiva e por vezes direta, como de enfretamento ao aparato policial. Dessa forma, a preocupação central deste trabalho é analisar a participação das mulheres no Movimento Pró-Reabertura do Caminho do Colono. Como mulheres do campo e da cidade, com diferentes trajetórias de vida e com inserções diversas nas relações sociais, interpretam o fechamento e as ações coletivas pela reabertura da estrada? Como participaram? Como avaliam a constituição de suas subjetividades a partir das experiências de reivindicação, especialmente as vividas nos tempos e espaços dos acampamentos organizados no trajeto designado como Caminho do Colono?
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Gomes, Janete Alves. "Mulheres e justiça criminal: vozes (des)consideradas e experiências vivenciadas - as usuárias da Casa-Abrigo Regional do ABC (2001-2004)." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2008. http://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/2810.
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Previous issue date: 2008-06-23Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
The violence against women consists of a complex theme and an existent millenarian phenomenon in all the cultures, social classes, races/ethnicities and generations that it seeks the conservation of the women's dominance-exploration and your control on the part of the men. Violence maidservant's crimes more practiced against women they are it of light deceitful bodily harm (LCD) and he/she threatens whose trial up to 1995 was foreseen by the penal code of 1940. Starting from September 26 of this same year it was promulgated the Law 9.099/95 that started to lead the procedural rite. To present research it was accomplished with women of the Regional House-shelter of ABC, that were sheltered in the period from 2001 to 2004. The object of this study refers to the women's expectations in situation of life risk due to the domestic violence about the Criminal Justice. They consisted objectives of this research: to investigate the women users' of the Regional House-shelter of ABC expectations on the paper of the justice in the resolution of your conflicts; to investigate the criminal justice through the law 9.099/95, he/she assisted to the sheltered women's needs; to verify the conciliation proposed by the Law 9.099/95 it took effect for sheltered them; to evaluate if there were impacts of the House-shelter in the women's life. The sheltered women's experiences and the interviews accomplished with these already uncovered they allowed we observe that referred her law as well as your implementation didn't answer to your needs and they after they go by audience they stayed with the unaffected risk situation and your husbands/partners they continued them threatening. In what he/she concerns the methodology this research it used the gender concepts and patriarchy because we believed that one of they separately doesn't give bill of the complexity of this reality. It was treated of bibliographical and documental research complemented with data obtained in the interviews with the former-users
A violência contra mulheres consiste em um tema complexo e um fenômeno milenar existente em todas as culturas, classes sociais, raças/etnias e gerações, que visa a conservação da dominação-exploração das mulheres e o seu controle por parte dos homens. Os crimes de violência doméstica mais praticados contra mulheres são o de lesão corporal dolosa leve (LCD) e ameaça, cujo julgamento, até 1995, era previsto pelo Código Penal de 1940. A partir de 26 de setembro deste mesmo ano foi promulgada a Lei 9.099/95, que passou a conduzir o rito processual. A presente pesquisa foi realizada com mulheres da Casa-abrigo Regional do ABC, que estiveram abrigadas no período de 2001 a 2004. O objeto deste estudo refere-se às expectativas das mulheres em situação de risco de vida, em decorrência da violência doméstica, sobre a Justiça Criminal. Consistiram objetivos desta pesquisa: investigar as expectativas das mulheres usuárias da Casa-abrigo Regional do ABC, sobre o papel da Justiça na resolução de seus conflitos; investigar se a Justiça Criminal, por meio da lei 9.099/95, atendeu às necessidades das mulheres abrigadas; verificar se a conciliação proposta pela Lei 9.099/95 surtiu efeito para as abrigadas; avaliar se houve impactos da Casa-abrigo na vida das mulheres. As experiências das mulheres abrigadas e as entrevistas realizadas com estas, já desabrigadas, permitiram observar que a referida lei, bem como a sua implementação, não responderam às suas necessidades, sendo que elas, após passarem por audiência, permaneciam com a situação de risco inalterada, e seus maridos/companheiros, continuavam ameaçando-as. No que diz respeito à metodologia, esta pesquisa utilizou os conceitos de gênero e patriarcado, pois acreditamos que um deles, isoladamente, não dá conta da complexidade desta realidade. Tratou-se de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, complementada com dados obtidos nas entrevistas com as ex-usuárias
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Chaney, Kathryn Elise. "Work and Women's Empowerment: An Examination of South Asia." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1514051407055113.
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Langeveldt, Veleska. "(De)legitimizing rape as a weapon of war: patriarchy, narratives and the African Union." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4068.
Full textAbstract:
Magister Administrationis - MAdminThe African continent has over the past 40 years witnessed a continued scourge of violent conflict and human rights abuses. These conflicts have significantly undermined the social, political, and economic prosperity of African citizens. Additionally, women and children are particularly affected by these conflicts. Women and children are regarded as ‘the most vulnerable’ as they often become the targets of sexual abuse by the enemy. The African Union (AU) is primarily responsible for the resolution of conflicts on the continent. It professes to be committed to the prevention of human rights abuses and the protection of African women (and children) during armed conflicts. It has thus developed an array of mechanisms, protocols, and instruments to address the exploitation and sexual abuse of women during conflict periods. These instruments include: The Constitutive Act of the AU (2000); The Solemn Declaration of Gender Equality in Africa (2003); the Protocol to the African Charter on Human and People’s Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa- ACHPRWA (2004); and the Protocol relating to the Peace and Security Council. In this research project, I consider whether the narratives used in these AU documents sufficiently and explicitly address the use of rape as a strategic weapon during armed conflicts; or whether these narratives inadvertently contribute to a culture that perpetuates war-time rape. My analysis shows that these AU documents deal with war-time rape in very vague and euphemistic terms. Although gender discrimination, sexual violence, exploitation, discrimination, and harmful practices against women are condemned, the delegitimization of rape as a weapon of war is not specifically discussed. This allows for varying interpretations of AU protocols, including interpretations which may diminish the severity of strategic rape. This has lead me to propose that the narratives used in these AU protocols and related documents draw on patriarchy, perpetuate patriarchy, and thus inadvertently perpetuates a culture that perpetuates the use of rape as a weapon of war
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Johansson, Ida. "NOT ON THE FABRIC BUT IN THE FABRIC : hardanger embroidery, animation and the grid." Thesis, Konstfack, Textil, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:konstfack:diva-5574.
Full textAbstract:
This paper describes my work with a historical craft and my attempt to find new ways to look at it, work with it and present it. I use the embroidery technique Hardangersaum which is all white, and where selected threads of the woven fabric grid are removed while others are wrapped and embellished. The artistic research leans heavily on the traditional craft but tries to isolate it from its historical baggage. I turn my focus to the grid of the fabric and I present some viewpoints from Rosalind Krauss and Hannah B. Higgins. I describe questions of scale and presentation that have emerged and show how digital animation has played a major role in the development and the communication of the embroidery work.
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Woods, Elizabeth Ruggles. "Marginality in Appalachian professional women." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/101337.
Full textAbstract:
This research examined a sample of first generation professional women from the Appalachian region with the goal of description and exploration of issues related to their professional lives. Data from 20 intensive interviews were organized around an expanded version of Park's (1928) concept of marginality which yielded three major foci: (1) self definitions of marginality; (2) consequences of marginality; and (3) adaptive strategies of the marginal person.
A continuum conceptualization of marginality emerged from the data with four categories of self-definition: (1) essential marginality; (2) situational marginality; (3) occasional marginality; and (4) non-marginality. Three major types of consequences, social, professional, and personal were experienced; and adaptive strategies of the active intentional, reactive intentional and non-intentional types were employed by the subjects.
The data suggested possible relationships between type of job held-- especially whether in a male dominated field--and types as well as degree of marginality experienced. Also, degree of marginality appears to have some relationship to consequences experienced and, in turn, to adaptive strategies employed by subjects.
This research contributes to the literature by expanding the existing concept of marginality into a continuum and using this new conceptualization as a framework for the analysis of first generation professional women from the Appalachian region.M.S.
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Fuchs, Grace Frances. "How Community Concerns about Hydraulic Fracturing and Injection Wells can be Addressed Through the Application of Environmental Monitoring Technology." Ohio University Honors Tutorial College / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ouhonors1556136264849063.
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