Journal articles: 'Regional trade agreements'

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Freund, Caroline, and Emanuel Ornelas. "Regional Trade Agreements." Annual Review of Economics 2, no. 1 (September 4, 2010): 139–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.economics.102308.124455.

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SALAMATOV, V. Y. "MEGA-REGIONAL TRADE AGREEMENTS." World Economy and International Relations 60, no. 9 (2016): 17–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2016-60-9-17-27.

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Fratianni, Michele, and Chang Hoon Oh. "Size of regional trade agreements and regional trade bias." Applied Economics Letters 16, no. 16 (October 30, 2009): 1603–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13504850701604110.

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Konopek, Milan. "Trade and investment in regional trade agreements." OECD Journal: General Papers 2010, no. 2 (June 6, 2011): 9–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/gen_papers-2010-5kg9zc18x2zw.

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Zuev, V. N., E. Y. Ostrovskaya, and V. Y. Skryabina. "Trade damper effect of regional trade agreements." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 2 (February 1, 2023): 83–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2023-2-83-99.

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The authors explore the impact of crises on the dynamics of trade between partners within regional trade agreements (RTAs) with the aim to determine whether RTAs have a stabilizing effect on foreign trade. RTAs have become one of the main instruments of trade policy in recent decades. It is generally recognized that RTAs do stimulate trade at the time of stability and growth. It is logical to assume that meeting commitments between RTA partners should lead to the preservation of trade flows between them in the event of a crisis. However, this statement requires empirical confirmation. The study examines the effects of RTA networks for the three most active RTAs’ participants located on different continents — the EU, Chile and the Republic of Korea. The analysis of dynamics of these countries trade flows indicates a clear trend of strengthening trade interaction between RTA partners during crisis periods. The focus of the methodology of the study lies in computations of three trade indices: export significance index, trade intensity index and symmetric trade introversion index. They were calculated for the totality of trade partners for the EU, Chile and the Republic of Korea from 2005 to 2020 in order to identify the dominant tendencies of trade flows during periods of economic shocks of recent decades (the financial crisis of 2008—2009 and the crisis caused by the pandemic of 2019—2021). The authors come to the conclusion that for the studied countries and the EU RTAs act as a damper that reduces the negative impact of crises on foreign trade. Trade between RTA countries at the time of a crisis either decreased to a lesser extent compared to trade between countries that do not have RTA, or recovered faster. This empirically confirms yet another significant importance of RTAs. The authors suggest to make similar calculations for other countries and RTAs to support the revealed pattern.

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Freckleton, Marie, and Patrice Whitely. "Can trade agreements among small countries create trade?" International Journal of Development Issues 19, no. 2 (April 16, 2020): 205–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijdi-06-2019-0110.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of a regional trade agreement among a group of small island developing states on trade creation and trade diversion. Design/methodology/approach An augmented gravity model and panel data are used to estimate the trade creation and trade diversion effects. The generalized method of moments technique is used to account for possible endogeneity. Country pair and time fixed effects are also included. Findings The regional trade agreement had a positive effect on intra-regional trade creation, but there was no significant diversion of imports from extra-regional trade partners. Practical implications Small developing economies can benefit from regional trade agreements (RTAs) among themselves. The trade diversion effects of such agreements are likely to be limited. Originality/value To the best of authors’ knowledge, this is the only paper which investigates the impact of RTAs among small island developing states.

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Zissimos, Ben. "Why are Trade Agreements Regional?" Review of International Economics 19, no. 1 (January 18, 2011): 32–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9396.2010.00929.x.

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Laird, Sam. "Regional Trade Agreements: Dangerous Liaisons?" World Economy 22, no. 9 (December 1999): 1179–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9701.00254.

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Antkiewicz, Agata, and John Whalley. "China's New Regional Trade Agreements." World Economy 28, no. 10 (October 2005): 1539–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9701.2005.00746.x.

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Shirazi, Sarina Zainab, Muhammad Usman Kemal, and Sabina Shirazi. "Panel Analysis of Asean's Intra-Regional Trade Dynamics." Global Social Sciences Review VI, no. II (June 30, 2021): 349–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(vi-ii).35.

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Countries have liberalized their trade policies to enhance economic integration and developmental processes. In this context, this research focuses on the Association of South-East Asian Nations (ASEAN) to examine impact of economy size, geographical distances, common language, cultural variations, common border, and trade agreements on the enhancement of trade, exports, and imports. This empirical study uses the gravity model to investigate the dynamics of the constructs. Panel data analysis is conducted from 1985 to 2015. Results show that the ASEAN region's economy size and distance significantly affect trade,exports, and imports. It is also concluded that ethnicity and regional trade agreements are effective in increasing total trade. In ASEAN, common border and regional trade agreements increase exports while common border, common language, ethnicity, and regional trade agreement are effective ways to promote imports. This study can be utilized for the formulation of effective policy tools to enhance intra-regional trade of ASEAN member states.

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BELAAZE, Khayreddine, and Rabah KHOUNI. "L’Algérie et les défis du commerce mondial." Khazar Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 17, no. 4 (December 2014): 43–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5782/2223-2621.2014.17.4.43.

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This contribution aims to put light on an major challenge facing global trade today is a conflict between multilateral agreements and regional agreements, preferences granted under regional trade agreements are incompatible with the principles of World trade Organization which is the clause in the most favored nation, preferential tariffs of member states in regional agreements are often lower than MFN rates, meanwhile, the number of regional agreements has doubled since 1995 date creation of the WTO, and became a conflict between regionalism and multilateralism is imminent, Algeria through to join the World trade Organization, and the Association Agreement with the EU, GAFTA, will be in a critical position with its partners.

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Grant, Jason H., and Dayton M. Lambert. "Do Regional Trade Agreements Increase Members' Agricultural Trade?" American Journal of Agricultural Economics 90, no. 3 (August 2008): 765–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8276.2008.01134.x.

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Pal, Parthapratim. "Regional Trade Agreements in a Multilateral Trade Regime." Foreign Trade Review 40, no. 1 (April 2005): 27–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0015732515050102.

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One of the most striking developments in the world trading system since the mid 1990s has been the surge in Regional Trade Agreements (RTAs). From about 50 till 1990, the number of RTAs has crossed 250 in 2003. As trading within RTAs does not come under the purview of World Trade Organization (WTO), this explosive growth of regionalism is threatening to emerge as an alternative to the WTO led international trading system. This has initiated an intense debate among economists whether RTAs are “building blocks” or “stumbling blocks” of the multilateral trading system. In this backdrop, this paper traces the reasons behind this resurgent regionalism and surveys the literature on RTAs and its interaction with the multilateral trading system. This paper attempts to look at these issues from the perspective of a developing country.

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Ngepah, Nicholas, and Maxwell C. Udeagha. "African Regional Trade Agreements and Intra-African Trade." Journal of Economic Integration 33, no. 1 (March 15, 2018): 1176–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.11130/jei.2018.33.1.1176.

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Muradov, K. "Regional and Bilateral Free Trade Agreements." World Economy and International Relations, no. 7 (2007): 40–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2007-7-40-48.

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Charnovitz, Steve. "Regional Trade Agreements and the Environment." Environment: Science and Policy for Sustainable Development 37, no. 6 (August 1995): 16–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00139157.1995.9930947.

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Peter, Augustine. "Regional Trade Agreements and Competition Policy." Indian Economic Journal 58, no. 3 (October 2010): 117–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0019466220100308.

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Powers, Kathy. "Regional Trade Agreements as Military Alliances." International Interactions 30, no. 4 (October 2004): 373–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03050620490884065.

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Crawford, Jo-Ann, and Sam Laird. "Regional trade agreements and the WTO." North American Journal of Economics and Finance 12, no. 2 (July 2001): 193–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1062-9408(01)00047-x.

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Vicard, Vincent. "Determinants of successful regional trade agreements." Economics Letters 111, no. 3 (June 2011): 188–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2011.02.010.

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Park, Innwon, and Soonchan Park. "Best practices for regional trade agreements." Review of World Economics 147, no. 2 (November 13, 2010): 249–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10290-010-0081-7.

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Claussen, Kathleen. "Stocktaking and Glimpsing at Trade Law's Next Generation." Proceedings of the ASIL Annual Meeting 111 (2017): 92–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/amp.2017.69.

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These remarks are derived from a forthcoming work considering the future of international trade law. Compared with most features of the international legal system, the regional and bilateral trade law system is in the early stages of its evolution. For example, the United States is a party to fourteen free trade agreements currently in force, all but two of which have entered into force since 2000. The recent proliferation of agreements, particularly bilateral and regional agreements, is not unique to the United States. The European Union recently concluded trade agreement negotiations with Canada, Singapore, and Vietnam to add to its twenty-seven agreements in force and is negotiating approximately ten additional bilateral or multilateral agreements. In the Asia-Pacific Region, the number of regional and bilateral free trade agreements has grown exponentially since the conclusion of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Free Trade Area of 1992. At that time, the region counted five such agreements in force. Today, the number totals 140 with another seventy-nine under negotiation or awaiting entry into force. The People's Republic of China is negotiating half a dozen bilateral trade agreements at present to top off the sixteen already in effect. India likewise is engaged in at least ten trade agreement negotiations. The World Trade Organization (WTO) reports 267 agreements of this sort in force among its members as of July 1, 2016.

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HOLUBIEVA, Viktoriia О. "Classification of International Preferential and Regional Trade Agreements." Journal of Advanced Research in Law and Economics 9, no. 3 (June 15, 2020): 828. http://dx.doi.org/10.14505/jarle.v11.3(49).16.

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The article is devoted to comprehensive generalization of features/characteristics of international trade agreements/treaties which introduce/fix certain trade advantages in the tariff and non-tariff spheres. The article identifies fifteen classification features/characteristics of the analyzed international agreements. The features are divided into groups: those simultaneously inherent in all/any mentioned international trade agreements/treaties; those inherent only in international economic integration agreements/treaties; those inherent just in preferential international trade agreements/treaties. Practical relevance: The classification gives an opportunity to suggest some definitions/terms, which take into consideration/involve some separated particulars, namely those of preferential trade agreements, international economic integration agreements, which also include regional trade agreements.

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COLLINS, STEPHEN D. "Regional Trade Agreements and Democracy Promotion: Measuring the Influence of Democracy Requirements in Regional Trade Agreements." Politics & Policy 38, no. 4 (August 25, 2010): 737–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2010.00256.x.

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Tsygankova, Tetiana, Olha Yatsenko, Tetiana Tananaiko, Ganna Solodkovska, Viktoria Olefirenko, and Anna Ishchenko. "FREE TRADE AGREEMENTS IN THE WORLD TRADE SYSTEM: BENEFITS AND MODELS." Financial and credit activity problems of theory and practice 6, no. 47 (December 30, 2022): 172–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.55643/fcaptp.6.47.2022.3925.

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It is indicated that one of the characteristic features of the modern trade system is the rapid growth of the number of regional trade agreements, which, in turn, causes asymmetry in the dominance of regional cross-border trade rules over multilateral ones. The main advantages for countries from participating in regional trade agreements have been identified: the possibility of excluding "vulnerable sectors" from the agreement; the ability to independently choose partners in negotiations; the use of the principle of "reciprocity" is more effective compared to the World Trade Organization, the possibility of forming the image of a regional leader; within the framework of such agreements, it is possible to carry out "experimental application" of certain new measures in the field of trade, which, if successfully tested, can be tried to be applied in general mode; the possibility of attracting more foreign investments by developing countries that are not regional leaders. After examining the degree of involvement of countries in concluding regional trade agreements for the presence of regional asymmetries, a significant difference was identified from the maximum involvement of the countries of the European region (on average 33.2 agreements per country) and the countries of Africa (2.7) and the Middle East (3.9). It is proposed that one of the vectors of the development of Ukraine's foreign economic policy should be the expansion of the scope of current and future regional trade agreements to the sphere of services, e-commerce and investments, given the potential, their compliance with the global trends of the trading system, as well as the ability of Ukraine to become a significant player in a number of markets for services and trade in digital products, taking into account the availability of an up-to-date legal framework on these issues. It was determined that 50% of Ukraine's commodity exports during 2016-2021 took place within the framework of the preferential regime provided for by key free trade agreements. According to the results of the proposed forecast of such exports for the period 2021-2023, using the method of time series analysis, it was confirmed that the corresponding dependence will only grow (export volumes within the framework of free trade agreements will grow by 3 percent annually, while total exports by 2%).

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Chukwu, Anayochukwu Basil, Tobechi Agbanike, and Lasbrey Anochiwa. "African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) Agreement and the Mega-Regional Trade Agreements (MRTAs): what are the underlying challenges and prospects for Africa-South-South trade?" Jurnal Perspektif Pembiayaan dan Pembangunan Daerah 9, no. 5 (December 31, 2021): 413–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.22437/ppd.v9i5.13937.

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This study examines the possible challenges and prospects of the recent signing of the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) Agreement on South-South trade. The recent ratification of the agreement by the African Union (AU) Heads of Government and the establishment of the mega-regional trade agreements (MRTAs) by the major global trading economies are the biggest since the establishment of the WTO. One of these regional and continental agreements' principal objectives is to further strengthen trade terms and balance of trade statistics between member nations. Whereas almost all the regional and continental blocs have to a large extent, achieved the purpose of their trade agreements, Africa stands out as the only region whose intra-trade value still constitutes less than 15% of global trade share. Many reasons have been adduced to be responsible for the weak trade performance, one of which is weak regional integration. This study, therefore, concludes that for Africa to achieve significant improvement in global trade, the region needs to encourage regional trade, which will act as a catalyst for transforming the domestic economies and lay a robust foundation for healthy regional competition and integration

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Cheong, Sun-Tae. "A Study on the Paradigm Shift in Regional Trade Agreements: A Comparative Analysis of Traditional RTAs and 21st Century RTAs." Korea International Trade Research Institute 19, no. 1 (February 28, 2023): 333–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.16980/jitc.19.1.202302.333.

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Purpose – This study aims to analyze the paradigm shift of regional trade agreements in the 21st century. In addition, it analyzes the limitations of WTO RTA statistics and the problems of classification criteria, and suggests alternatives. Design/Methodology/Approach – This paper uses a literature review to examine new issues related to the paradigm shift of regional trade agreements. To support the analysis, statistical techniques are used to count the number of regional trade agreements by type, provision, and coverage, using the WTO RTA database. Findings – The results of this study show that the nature and content of regional trade agreements are changing. Traditional regional trade agreements and 21st century regional trade agreements show that there is a significant difference based on the time of integration, trade pattern, trade barriers, and type of integration. It also finds that there are problems with the WTO's RTA statistics and classification of types. Research Implications – This paper analyzes the paradigm shift of new regional trade agreements by comparing them with traditional regional trade agreements. At the same time, in order to support the systematic analysis of regional trade agreements, the limitations of WTO statistics and problems of classification criteria were analyzed, and alternatives were suggested.

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Kurihara, Yutaka. "The Impact of Regional Trade Agreements on International Trade." Modern Economy 02, no. 05 (2011): 846–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/me.2011.25094.

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Koo, Won W., P. Lynn Kennedy, and Anatoliy Skripnitchenko. "Regional Preferential Trade Agreements: Trade Creation and Diversion Effects*." Review of Agricultural Economics 28, no. 3 (September 2006): 408–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9353.2006.00306.x.

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Gounder, Neelesh, and Biman Chand Prasad. "Regional trade agreements and the new theory of trade." Journal of International Trade Law and Policy 10, no. 1 (March 29, 2011): 49–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14770021111116133.

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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the two issues of regional trade agreements (RTAs) and the new theory of international trade and draw conclusions for Pacific Island countries (PICs). The authors provide a deeper conceptual treatment of the consequences of RTAs and analyse the new theory of international trade to explore its implications for trade policy in PICs.Design/methodology/approachWith regard to RTAs, the argument is developed in the context of the conjecture that questions the benefits from adopting more open trade policies with neighbours while maintaining restrictive policies towards the rest of the world. The authors draw on international and regional analytical literature and on recent modelling work to review critically the possible gains and losses of RTAs for PICs. In the latter issue, the focus is on the roles of imperfect competition and scale economies and their relevance to PICs.FindingsFreeing up trade gradually and unilaterally and realizing the benefits of comparative advantage remains the best way to maximise welfare. PICs could be worse off under a complex system of overlapping RTAs and existence of RTAs by Australia and New Zealand outside the region has the possibility of marginalizing weak PICs economies.Practical implicationsPICs are currently at a critical juncture in terms of trade policy making with various trade agreements being thrown in the region and this paper has the capacity to provide some answers to policy makers on the approach to take.Originality/valueThe paper offers insights into regional trade agreements and the new theory of trade.

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Baier, Scott L., and Jeffrey H. Bergstrand. "International Trade, Regional Free Trade Agreements, and Economic Development." Review of Development Economics 1, no. 2 (June 1997): 153–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9361.00011.

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Egger, Hartmut, Peter Egger, and David Greenaway. "The trade structure effects of endogenous regional trade agreements." Journal of International Economics 74, no. 2 (March 2008): 278–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jinteco.2007.06.004.

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Jafari, Yaghoob, Helena Engemann, and Andrea Zimmermann. "Food trade and regional trade agreements – A network perspective." Food Policy 119 (August 2023): 102516. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2023.102516.

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BARTELS, LORAND. "‘Interim agreements’ under Article XXIV GATT." World Trade Review 8, no. 2 (April 2009): 339–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474745609004285.

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AbstractThis note looks at the WTO rules and procedures applicable to the implementation period of regional trade agreements on trade in goods. In addition, it highlights some differences between law and practice and explores the implications of these divergences. Where the GATT and subsequent instruments draw a distinction between ‘full’ regional trade agreements and ‘interim’ agreements, in practice all agreements are notified as ‘full’ agreements with an implementation period. It analyses the possibility that this deviation from the law, now sanctioned in the 2006 Transparency Decision, might have some practical implications for the regulation of regional trade agreements in the WTO.

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Saurombe, A. "The Southern African Development Community Trade Legal Instruments Compliance with Certain Criteria of GATT Article XXIV." Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal/Potchefstroomse Elektroniese Regsblad 14, no. 4 (June 8, 2017): 286. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2011/v14i4a2591.

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Article XXIV of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) lays down the legal principles with which regional trade agreements have to conform. Based on these principles, WTO members have the mandate to determine the legality of Regional Trade Agreements (RTAs) under the GATT. Article XXIV permits both regional and bilateral preferential trade agreements leading to the formation of customs unions and free trade areas, and seeks to integrate them in the multilateral trading system envisioned for the world. SADC is an RTA created under this Article. Notwithstanding the controversies surrounding the provisions and interpretation of Article XXIV, this paper seeks to establish the extent to which the SADC Protocol on Trade and free trade area comply with WTO rules. An analysis of selected Article XXIV provisions and the SADC Trade Protocol provisions will be undertaken in trying to establish this compliance.

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Jordaan, Andre Cillie, and Patrick Kanda. "Analysing the trade effects of the EU-SA & SADC trading agreements: a panel data approach." South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 14, no. 2 (June 6, 2011): 229–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v14i2.56.

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This study investigates the trade effects of the EU-SA and SADC preferential trade agreements of which South Africa is a member. Using a panel data estimation of the gravity model of bilateral trade and based on data from 1994 to 2008, the study finds the EU-SA preferential trade agreement to have a significant trade expansion effect. The study further reveals that an informative conclusion on trade effects of the SADC preferential trade agreement can only be reached once the agreement has been fully operational. The study also recommends that trade policy in South Africa should increasingly be geared towards broad-based multilateral liberalisation. In addition, South Africa should promote regional economic stability and development through supporting regional trade agreements initiatives. Keywords: Trade creation, trade diversion, preferential trade agreement, panel data estimation, gravity model of bilateral trade

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Dadush, Uri, and Enzo Dominguez Prost. "Preferential Trade Agreements, Geopolitics, and the Fragmentation of World Trade." World Trade Review 22, no. 2 (April 14, 2023): 278–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474745623000022.

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AbstractFailure to reestablish an effective World Trade Organization (WTO) dispute settlement procedure, stop the erosion of multilateral rules and end the China–US trade war causes capitals to rethink trade policy. One response is to redouble efforts to strike trade agreements with major trading partners. Already countries accounting for about 78% of world Gross Domestic Product (GDP) are members of mega-regional agreements, and based on our computations, preferential trade agreements (PTAs) will soon cover about two-thirds of world trade. Can PTAs replace a fading WTO or mitigate its effects? Amid deepening geopolitical rifts, how will trade relations among China, the EU, and the US, each a hegemon in their respective regions, evolve, and what will be the impact on smaller economies? In short, how will a trading system based increasingly on PTAs and weak multilateral rules look, and how will nations adapt? Absent reforms, the trading system is likely to fragment progressively into regional blocks organized around the hegemons. Trade within the regional blocks, mainly conducted under a mega-regional agreement, will likely remain quite open and predictable, but without strict multilateral rules and where PTAs are absent (as they are among the hegemons), interregional trade relations will become increasingly uncertain and unstable.

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Lopert, Ruth, and Deborah Gleeson. "The High Price of “Free” Trade: U.S. Trade Agreements and Access to Medicines." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 41, no. 1 (2013): 199–223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jlme.12014.

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The United States’ pursuit of increasingly TRIPS-Plus levels of intellectual property protection for medicines in bilateral and regional trade agreements is well recognized. Less so, however, are U.S. efforts through these agreements, to directly influence and constrain the pharmaceutical coverage programs of its trading partners. The pursuit of increasing levels of intellectual property (IP) protection in successive bilateral and regional trade agreements has been driven, at least in part, by a U.S. desire to achieve standards of protection it anticipated from the TRIPS Agreement, but failed to secure. Despite the conclusion of a global agreement on IP standards that would establish significant protections in countries that had hitherto declined them, the U.S. pharmaceutical industry viewed TRIPS as falling well short of its objectives — particularly in light of the delayed introduction of patent protection in countries that are key suppliers of generic medicines, such as India.

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Salamatov, Vladimir Yu, and Nataliia M. Galkina. "COMPREHENSIVE AND PROGRESSIVE AGREEMENT FOR TRANS – PACIFIC PARTNERSHIP (TPP – 11): PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE?" International Trade and Trade Policy, no. 1 (March 15, 2019): 5–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.21686/2410-7395-2019-1-5-18.

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The article considers the global trend towards regional trade agreements (RTA). The authors note that in addition to the common bilateral RTAs, countries conclude multilateral regional trade agreements. In particular, the article examines changes in the world economy, which occur under the influence of the mega-regional trade agreements (MRTA) formation. An example of the MRTA is the Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement (TPP) and its possible impact onRussiais discussed in the present article. The authors discuss the stages of TPP development, its goals, provisions, innovations and prospects. The article analyses an example of a country’s withdrawal from an agreement, its’ consequences and possible impact on the country itself and other signatory countries to the agreement. The article points out the differences between TPP and TPP-11. Inparticular, the article discusses the possible impact of the TPP-11 onRussia. Trade relations betweenRussiaand TPP-11 signatory countries are considered, and key markets among TPP-11 countries are identified. The article highlights the importance ofRussia's rapid response to the possible consequences of the TPP-11, including the possible conclusion of bilateral trade agreements between the EAEU, whereRussiais a member, and potential partners from TPP-11 countries.

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Neufeld, Nora. "Trade Facilitation Provisions in Regional Trade Agreements: Traits and Trends." Journal of International Commerce, Economics and Policy 05, no. 02 (June 2014): 1450005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793993314500057.

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The paper first surveys the trade facilitation (TF) landscape at the regional level and analyzes the main forces shaping it. It identifies key factors driving regional facilitation approaches, examining their priorities, features and underlying philosophies. The paper also highlights significant trends in regional TF provisions and analyzes their implications. The paper then compares regional and multilateral initiatives, looking at areas of convergence and divergence, and highlighting where potential gaps exist. It analyzes negotiating positions in the respective frameworks and discusses both the benefits and limitations of the resulting TF provisions. Examining the impact of the recently concluded WTO Agreement, the study highlights its potential value added.

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Kong, Qingjiang, and Weimin Chen. "Regulatory Cooperation in Mega-Regional Trade Agreements." American Journal of Trade and Policy 9, no. 1 (April 30, 2022): 7–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.18034/ajtp.v9i1.615.

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Trade friction in the age of global value chains is primarily due to regulatory diversity. While due to the lack of disciplines in the WTO context on the exercise of regulatory powers by states, it is difficult to eradicate the diversity, regulatory cooperation is key to reducing the restraints that heterogenous regulations may impose on international trade. Recent mega-regional trade agreements have gone beyond the WTO disciplines and put forward novel and ambitious approaches to regulatory cooperation to address behind-the-border non-tariff measures. After a critical review of the new regulatory cooperation mechanisms in three mega-regional trade agreements, this article argues that these new regulatory cooperation mechanisms have spelled out a thick web of procedures that can be used to deliver better quality domestic regulations as well as enhance governmental coordination through joint institutions that monitors the consistency of proposed regulations with treaty commitments. It is still too early to assume that these new initiatives will significantly impact ameliorating the adverse effects of regulatory diversity in international trade. Nevertheless, they break new ground in international economic rule-making and hold great promise.

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Weerth, Carsten. "WTO: New Database on Regional Trade Agreements." Global Trade and Customs Journal 4, Issue 6 (June 1, 2009): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/gtcj2009026.

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Regional Trade Agreements (RTAs) are growing more and more important in the global trade in goods and services. The WTO has now launched a new database on RTAs that contains all relevant documentation received by the WTO Secretariat.

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43

Snyder, Francis. "China, Regional Trade Agreements and WTO Law." Journal of World Trade 43, Issue 1 (February 1, 2009): 1–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/trad2009001.

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China’s policy towards regional trade agreements (RTAs) will have a major impact on the international trading system, the debate about regionalism and multilateralism, and the policy of the WTO concerning RTAs. This article analyses China’s RTAs, identifies many reasons underlying them, and proposes a three–fold typology for China’s RTAs: economic integration agreements, standard regional trade agreements with other countries in the Asia–Pacific region, and bilateral free trade agreements with non–Asian countries. It then compares rules of origin, safeguards, and dispute settlement mechanisms in selected RTAs and evaluates them from the standpoint of WTO law. The article concludes, first, that the basic three–fold typology helps us to understand the objectives, organisation, and operation of China’s RTAs and their relations to China’s domestic structures, policy processes, legal and political culture and international and regional policies. Second, China’s RTAs are generally WTO–compatible since they are drafted in the shadow of WTO law, even though WTO law does not always provide a detailed normative template. Finally, China has the challenge and the opportunity of contributing to the development of a new role for the WTO in managing RTAs.

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44

V.I., Baronov, and Kostiunina G.M. "India’s Participation in the Regional Trade Agreements." MGIMO Review of International Relations 2, no. 53 (February 1, 2017): 90–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2017-2-53-90-108.

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45

Jacobs, Michael N. "The Offensive Power of Regional Trade Agreements." Journal of World Trade 45, Issue 4 (August 1, 2011): 767–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/trad2011026.

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Given the bilateral structure of the World Trade Organization (WTO) dispute settlement process, several scholars have concluded that success in the process is determined by the complainant state's ability to make a credible and potentially harmful retaliatory threat to the respondent state. Previous research has found that the trade relationship between the two states in a dispute influences the potential potency of retaliatory threats. This analysis builds off of previous studies and hypothesizes that membership in a Regional Trade Agreement (RTA) will increase a state's bargaining position and its success in the dispute process. A probit regression is used to test this hypothesis. Fifty-seven dispute settlement cases from 1995-1998 are included in the analysis. The results indicate that RTA membership does increase a state's likelihood of success in the WTO dispute settlement process, but only for the complainant state in the dispute.

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46

Estevadeordal, Antoni, and Kati Suominen. "Sequencing regional trade integration and cooperation agreements." Économie internationale 109, no. 1 (March 1, 2007): 53–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/ecoi.109.0053.

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G. Kostyunina. "South Korean Policy on Regional Trade Agreements." International Affairs 63, no. 003 (June 30, 2017): 173–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.21557/iaf.48992148.

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48

Akinkugbe, O. D. "African Regional Trade Agreements as Legal Regimes." African Affairs 112, no. 446 (December 3, 2012): 157–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/afraf/ads066.

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49

Hsu, L. "Regional Trade Agreements in the GATT/WTO." Journal of International Economic Law 6, no. 1 (March 1, 2003): 295–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jiel/6.1.295.

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50

DAVIS, G. DOUG. "Regional Trade Agreements and Foreign Direct Investment." Politics & Policy 39, no. 3 (May 26, 2011): 401–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2011.00296.x.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Regional trade agreements'

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