Relevant bibliographies by topics / Regional trade agreements

Academic literature on the topic 'Regional trade agreements'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 June 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Regional trade agreements"

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Freund, Caroline, and Emanuel Ornelas. "Regional Trade Agreements." Annual Review of Economics 2, no. 1 (September 4, 2010): 139–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.economics.102308.124455.

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SALAMATOV, V. Y. "MEGA-REGIONAL TRADE AGREEMENTS." World Economy and International Relations 60, no. 9 (2016): 17–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2016-60-9-17-27.

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Fratianni, Michele, and Chang Hoon Oh. "Size of regional trade agreements and regional trade bias." Applied Economics Letters 16, no. 16 (October 30, 2009): 1603–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13504850701604110.

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Konopek, Milan. "Trade and investment in regional trade agreements." OECD Journal: General Papers 2010, no. 2 (June 6, 2011): 9–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/gen_papers-2010-5kg9zc18x2zw.

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Zuev, V. N., E. Y. Ostrovskaya, and V. Y. Skryabina. "Trade damper effect of regional trade agreements." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 2 (February 1, 2023): 83–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2023-2-83-99.

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The authors explore the impact of crises on the dynamics of trade between partners within regional trade agreements (RTAs) with the aim to determine whether RTAs have a stabilizing effect on foreign trade. RTAs have become one of the main instruments of trade policy in recent decades. It is generally recognized that RTAs do stimulate trade at the time of stability and growth. It is logical to assume that meeting commitments between RTA partners should lead to the preservation of trade flows between them in the event of a crisis. However, this statement requires empirical confirmation. The study examines the effects of RTA networks for the three most active RTAs’ participants located on different continents — the EU, Chile and the Republic of Korea. The analysis of dynamics of these countries trade flows indicates a clear trend of strengthening trade interaction between RTA partners during crisis periods. The focus of the methodology of the study lies in computations of three trade indices: export significance index, trade intensity index and symmetric trade introversion index. They were calculated for the totality of trade partners for the EU, Chile and the Republic of Korea from 2005 to 2020 in order to identify the dominant tendencies of trade flows during periods of economic shocks of recent decades (the financial crisis of 2008—2009 and the crisis caused by the pandemic of 2019—2021). The authors come to the conclusion that for the studied countries and the EU RTAs act as a damper that reduces the negative impact of crises on foreign trade. Trade between RTA countries at the time of a crisis either decreased to a lesser extent compared to trade between countries that do not have RTA, or recovered faster. This empirically confirms yet another significant importance of RTAs. The authors suggest to make similar calculations for other countries and RTAs to support the revealed pattern.
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Freckleton, Marie, and Patrice Whitely. "Can trade agreements among small countries create trade?" International Journal of Development Issues 19, no. 2 (April 16, 2020): 205–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijdi-06-2019-0110.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of a regional trade agreement among a group of small island developing states on trade creation and trade diversion. Design/methodology/approach An augmented gravity model and panel data are used to estimate the trade creation and trade diversion effects. The generalized method of moments technique is used to account for possible endogeneity. Country pair and time fixed effects are also included. Findings The regional trade agreement had a positive effect on intra-regional trade creation, but there was no significant diversion of imports from extra-regional trade partners. Practical implications Small developing economies can benefit from regional trade agreements (RTAs) among themselves. The trade diversion effects of such agreements are likely to be limited. Originality/value To the best of authors’ knowledge, this is the only paper which investigates the impact of RTAs among small island developing states.
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Zissimos, Ben. "Why are Trade Agreements Regional?" Review of International Economics 19, no. 1 (January 18, 2011): 32–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9396.2010.00929.x.

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Laird, Sam. "Regional Trade Agreements: Dangerous Liaisons?" World Economy 22, no. 9 (December 1999): 1179–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9701.00254.

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Antkiewicz, Agata, and John Whalley. "China's New Regional Trade Agreements." World Economy 28, no. 10 (October 2005): 1539–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9701.2005.00746.x.

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Shirazi, Sarina Zainab, Muhammad Usman Kemal, and Sabina Shirazi. "Panel Analysis of Asean's Intra-Regional Trade Dynamics." Global Social Sciences Review VI, no. II (June 30, 2021): 349–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(vi-ii).35.

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Countries have liberalized their trade policies to enhance economic integration and developmental processes. In this context, this research focuses on the Association of South-East Asian Nations (ASEAN) to examine impact of economy size, geographical distances, common language, cultural variations, common border, and trade agreements on the enhancement of trade, exports, and imports. This empirical study uses the gravity model to investigate the dynamics of the constructs. Panel data analysis is conducted from 1985 to 2015. Results show that the ASEAN region's economy size and distance significantly affect trade,exports, and imports. It is also concluded that ethnicity and regional trade agreements are effective in increasing total trade. In ASEAN, common border and regional trade agreements increase exports while common border, common language, ethnicity, and regional trade agreement are effective ways to promote imports. This study can be utilized for the formulation of effective policy tools to enhance intra-regional trade of ASEAN member states.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Regional trade agreements"

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Melatos, Mark. "Modelling Regional Trade Agreements." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/486.

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In the last twenty years, regional trade agreements have proliferated. These have usually taken the form of customs unions (CUs) or free trade areas (FTAs). This thesis concentrates mostly on the formation and behaviour of CUs. Union members levy a common external tariff (CET) on non-members. Existing theoretical models, however, do not agree on how the CET rate is chosen. Every model imposes a different choice rule exogenously. In this thesis, for the first time, plausible choice rules, based on the CU's social welfare function, are derived endogenously. The strategic behaviour of members and non-members, reveals that responsibility for CET choice tends to be assumed by the member that can induce the rest of the world to levy those tariffs members prefer to face. Relatively few general results exist describing the relationship between country characteristics and trade bloc formation. Here, new light is shed on this issue, by systematically analysing bloc formation in an asymmetric world, and investigating the role of preferences in coalition formation. It is found that global free trade is most likely to arise when all countries are similar. Customs unions tend to form between relatively well-endowed countries or those with similar preferences. It is also demonstrated that CUs will usually Pareto dominate FTAs, except where preferences differ significantly. The role of transfers in CU formation has received relatively little attention in the regionalism literature. In this thesis, optimal intra-union transfers are introduced and their impact on CET choice is investigated. The impact of transfers on CU behaviour depends on the direction of the transfer. When the relatively inelastic member is the recipient, the CU responds less aggressively to non-member tariff choices than it does when transfers are not permitted. However, if the relatively elastic member is the transfer recipient, the union's aggression increases. Moreover, when one union member exercises a similar degree of control over both CET and transfer choice, then the equilibrium CET tends to be lower than in the corresponding no-transfers situation.
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Melatos, Mark. "Modelling Regional Trade Agreements." University of Sydney. Economics and Political Science, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/486.

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In the last twenty years, regional trade agreements have proliferated. These have usually taken the form of customs unions (CUs) or free trade areas (FTAs). This thesis concentrates mostly on the formation and behaviour of CUs. Union members levy a common external tariff (CET) on non-members. Existing theoretical models, however, do not agree on how the CET rate is chosen. Every model imposes a different choice rule exogenously. In this thesis, for the first time, plausible choice rules, based on the CU's social welfare function, are derived endogenously. The strategic behaviour of members and non-members, reveals that responsibility for CET choice tends to be assumed by the member that can induce the rest of the world to levy those tariffs members prefer to face. Relatively few general results exist describing the relationship between country characteristics and trade bloc formation. Here, new light is shed on this issue, by systematically analysing bloc formation in an asymmetric world, and investigating the role of preferences in coalition formation. It is found that global free trade is most likely to arise when all countries are similar. Customs unions tend to form between relatively well-endowed countries or those with similar preferences. It is also demonstrated that CUs will usually Pareto dominate FTAs, except where preferences differ significantly. The role of transfers in CU formation has received relatively little attention in the regionalism literature. In this thesis, optimal intra-union transfers are introduced and their impact on CET choice is investigated. The impact of transfers on CU behaviour depends on the direction of the transfer. When the relatively inelastic member is the recipient, the CU responds less aggressively to non-member tariff choices than it does when transfers are not permitted. However, if the relatively elastic member is the transfer recipient, the union's aggression increases. Moreover, when one union member exercises a similar degree of control over both CET and transfer choice, then the equilibrium CET tends to be lower than in the corresponding no-transfers situation.
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Nguyen, Duc Bao. "Essays on regional trade agreements and international trade." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0203/document.

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Cette thèse s’inscrit dans le contexte de prolifération des accords commerciaux régionaux (ACR) et traite des effets des ACR sur le commerce international. Nous visons à mieux comprendre et à apporter des points de vue nouveaux sur le rôle des ACR et du régionalisme en général en tant qu’élément important de la politique commerciale international aujourd’hui. Dans le premier chapitre, nous revisitons les effets ex post des ACR sur le commerce des pays membres et le commerce extrabloc en adoptant une approche empirique. Nous cherchons à déterminer la manière dont les blocs commerciaux régionaux affectent le commerce non seulement entre pays membres mais aussi entre pays membres et pays extérieurs à l’accord. Notre analyse confirme que les ACR augmentent de manière significative le commerce intra-bloc ; néanmoins, dans de nombreux cas, les ACR impliquent des effets de détournement d’échanges qui sont préjudiciables au reste du monde. Le chapitre deux examine de quelle manière la période de mise en œuvre de l’accord et les niveaux de développement des pays membres déterminent, en dynamique, l’effet des ACR sur le commerce international. Nous obtenons des tendances distinctes des effets ex post de l’ACR sur le commerce entre les accords Nord-Nord, Sud-Sud et Nord-Sud. Nous vérifions empiriquement que les ACR conclus par des partenaires commerciaux ayant un statut de développement économique analogue (les accords Nord-Nord ou Sud-Sud) sont susceptibles d’engendrer une augmentation plus forte du commerce des membres pendant une période de mise en œuvre plus courte. Le chapitre trois porte sur la manière dont les interactions entre ACR et développement financier influencent les flux d'échanges entre partenaires commerciaux. Dans ce travail conjoint avec Anne-Gaël Vaubourg, nous montrons que le développement financier (particulièrement sous sa forme intermédiée) encourage les échanges commerciaux mais que cet effet est atténué dès lors que les partenaires commerciaux ont signé un ACR
The subject of this dissertation focuses on the analysis of different aspects of the relationship between regional trade agreements (RTAs) and the multilateral trading system. We aim to provide a fresh understanding and views of the role of RTAs and regionalism in general as an important feature of international trade policy today. In chapter one we revisit the ex post effects of RTAs on member countries’ trade and extrabloc trade by adopting an empirical approach. We explore how regional trading blocs have influenced trade among members as well as trade with nonmembers. Our analysis confirms the widespread trade-enhancing effects of RTAs on member countries’ trade; however, in many cases, they lead to trade diversion effects that are detrimental to the rest of the world. Chapter two takes a closer look at how the implementation period of trade liberalization and partners’ levels of development affect the RTA dynamic effects on trade over time. We obtain distinct patterns of ex post RTA effects on trade across North-North RTAs, South-South RTAs and North-South RTAs. We empirically validate that RTAs formed by trading partners experiencing similar economic development status (North-North RTAs or South-South RTAs) are likely to lead to a larger increase in members’ trade during a shorter implementation period. Chapter three studies the mechanism through which RTAs impact the effect of financial development on trade flows between exporting and importing countries. In this joint work with Anne-Gaël Vaubourg, we show that the trade-enhancing role of financial development in the exporting country—especially through intermediated finance—is mitigated when there is an RTA between this country and its trading partner
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Alhassan, Osman. "Economic determinants of regional trade agreements." Kansas State University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/34513.

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Master of Arts
Department of Economics
Peri da Silva
The literature concerning the economics of regional trade agreements (RTAs) has evolved from a theoretical perspective to an empirically based approach over the past decade. Specifically, this report examines the various empirical studies on the economic determinants of RTAs and the likelihood of RTAs between country-pairs. Scott L. Baier and Jeffrey H. Bergstrand (2004) or BB (2004) provide us the first empirical work on the economic determinants of RTAs. Their model predicts fairly accurately, 85% of the 286 RTAs in 1996 among 1431 country-pairs, and 97% of the remaining 1145 pairs with no RTAs based on economic features. In this report, we begin with an introduction to RTAs, and then we will explore the contribution of BB (2004), as well as other economists’ empirical findings on the economics of RTAs, using empirical strategies similar to BB’s (2004) study.
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Liu, Yu-Tsyr. "Regional trade agreements and GATT Article XXIV." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0026/MQ50947.pdf.

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Liu, Yu-Tsyr 1971. "Regional trade agreements and GATT article XXIV." Thesis, McGill University, 1998. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=20989.

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This thesis examines the wave of regionalism currently being experienced in international trade, which is manifested by the proliferation of free trade areas and customs unions, regional trade agreements (RTAs). This thesis attempts to determine whether regionalism is welfare-enhancing and is liberalising the global economy as envisioned by GATT Article XXIV. The answer is: not necessarily.
Chapter One briefly discusses the principle of non-discrimination and provides a general account of the recent development of RTAs. Chapter Two examines the economic and political-economic aspects of RTAs, while Chapter Three examines their legal aspects. To put the two chapters into perspective, a case study of the North American Free Trade Agreement is conducted in Chapter Four. Chapter Five suggests that the global economy should revert its attention back to the multilateral trading system and/or RTAs should incorporate "open regionalism" into their framework to effectively counter the diversionary problems they cause. In closing, Chapter Five introduces the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) forum, which is the only regional trading arrangement that is openly pursuing "open regionalism" and "multilateralism", as a model for all RTAs and as a bridge between regionalism and multilateralism.
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Sanchez, Bizot Gustavo. "Endogenous trade protection under regional trade agreements: the Andean case." Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/3780.

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Endogenous tariff formation has been the subject of theoretical studies that attempt to determine the fundamental economic variables that influence the structure of industry protection implemented by international trade policy makers. An empirical analysis of endogenous tariff formation under the framework of a regional trade agreement implemented by the Andean Community Group is offered in this dissertation. Econometric models for the group’s common external tariff (CET) and for individual country tariff deviations with respect to the CET are estimated. The analysis is based on cross-sectional industrial and trade data for 1996, collected at four digit level of aggregation. The level of aggregation refers to the specific definition of industrial sectors included in the International Standard Industrial Code (ISIC). While previous studies on another regional integrated group in South America (MERCOSUR) use data at the three digit level, the aggregation used in this research implies a significant increase in the sample size, and also a more homogeneous specification regarding the composition of the industrial sectors under analysis. The causal links among the variables are obtained by using the directed acyclical graphs (DAGs) approach. This allows for a refined search for causal relationships. The approach is particularly appealing for the analysis of endogenous trade protection since it allows analyzing economic systems that involve policy intervention. The empirical analysis supports several of the classic theoretical models on trade protection. The results are consistent with the equity concern model, which suggests that governments tend to protect industrial sectors that employ a significant number of low wage unskilled workers. The estimated models also support the interest group and the adding machine theoretical formulations. However, a rather interesting result derived from the DAG analysis is the feedback interaction that seems to operate between tariffs and policy variables. The current literature restricts the estimation of trade protection by imposing tariffs as the dependent variable with no reverse effect from this variable to the policy variables. Our results challenge this unidirectional causality view, since an effect from tariffs to the policy variables shows up in most of the estimated specifications.
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Huang, Yangyang. "Trade remedy measures in the WTO and regional trade agreements." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/7784.

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Trade remedy measures (TRMs) in international economic law refer to antidumping measures, countervailing duties and safeguard measures. They are designed to respond to unfair trade practices or to compensate the negative impact on domestic industries resulting from tariff concessions made under the trade liberalization arrangements. Due to the importance of these instruments, the rules on TRMs are strengthened in the WTO legal framework and established on non-discriminatory basis towards all WTO Members. However, with the proliferation of regional trade agreements (RTA) in recent decades, it was noticed that, most RTAs adopted innovative approaches on TRMs among their regional partners. Such incoherence has brought a series of trade disputes and arguments concerning the conflicts between the WTO and RTA. Current central issues in this area are whether those innovative TRMs are consistent with WTO law and what is the appropriate approach to examine the legality of those measures. Against the canvas of WTO trade remedy rules, this research first investigates the diversified trade remedy approaches in RTAs and their impact on international trade. It then clarifies the ambiguous legal criteria against which TRMs in RTAs should be judged in order to be WTO-consistent. Thereafter, a methodology through which a RTA-specific TRM could be tested against the WTO’s criteria is also developed. It is argued that facilitating TRMs in RTAs must always adhere to the criteria laid down by the WTO, e.g. GATT Article XXIV. In particular, a “necessity test” should be applied when examining the legality of a special TRM in RTAs, in the case where a dispute arises between the RTA members and third countries on the issue. In order to bring the RTA-specific TRMs into compliance with WTO law, this research also looks at the WTO surveillance mechanism on RTAs. Considering a number of difficulties that have arisen in the GATT/WTO’s surveillance of RTAs in the past, the thesis addresses what positive measures can be taken in the future and whether TRMs in RTAs should be scrutinized by WTO political organs or through the dispute settlement mechanism.
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Smith, James Patrick. "Non-Economic Motivations for Joining Regional Trade Agreements." Thesis, Boston College, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/488.

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Thesis advisor: David Deese
The proliferation of regional trade agreements is a well-documented phenomena. This thesis focuses on the relatively unexplored area of non-economic motivations states may have for joining regional trade agreements. It uses the formation of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and the negotiation of the European Community's Single European Act as case studies
Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2004
Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Political Science
Discipline: College Honors Program
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Powers, Kathy Leniece. "International institutions, trade and conflict : African regional trade agreements from 1950-1992." The Ohio State University, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1283185178.

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Books on the topic "Regional trade agreements"

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Katada, Saori N., and Mireya Solís, eds. Cross Regional Trade Agreements. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-79327-4.

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Rensmann, Thilo, ed. Mega-Regional Trade Agreements. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56663-4.

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Rabinovych, Maryna. EU Regional Trade Agreements. 1 Edition. | New York : Routledge, 2021. | Series: Routledge studies in european foreign policy: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003031505.

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Trade facilitation in regional trade agreements. New York: United Nations, 2012.

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Lester, Simon, and Bryan Mercurio, eds. Bilateral and Regional Trade Agreements. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511575983.

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Lester, Simon, and Bryan Mercurio, eds. Bilateral and Regional Trade Agreements. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511575990.

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Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development., ed. Environment and regional trade agreements. Paris: OECD, 2007.

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Antkiewicz, Agata. China's new regional trade agreements. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2004.

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Hoa, Tran Van, and Harvie Charles 1954-, eds. Regional trade agreements in Asia. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar, 2007.

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H, Roberts Donna, and United States. Dept. of Agriculture. Economic Research Service., eds. Trade agreements: Liberalizing multilateral and regional trade. [Washington, D.C.?]: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, 1993.

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Book chapters on the topic "Regional trade agreements"

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Suominen, Kati. "Regional trade agreements." In Handbook of International Trade Agreements, 9–16. New York, NY : Routledge, 2018.: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351046954-2.

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Sundaram, Jae. "Regional Trade Agreements." In WTO Law and Policy, 609–28. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780367028183-19.

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Wang, Zhiqiong June, and Jianfu Chen. "Regional Trade Agreements." In International Trade Regulation, 49–72. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003275510-4.

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Brown, Catherine A. "Regional Free Trade Agreements." In Non-discrimination and Trade in Services, 51–98. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-4406-9_3.

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Lester, Simon, and Inu Manak. "Addressing Regulatory Trade Barriers in Mega-Regional Trade Agreements." In Mega-Regional Trade Agreements, 337–63. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56663-4_14.

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Stoll, Peter-Tobias. "Mega-Regionals: Challenges, Opportunities and Research Questions." In Mega-Regional Trade Agreements, 3–24. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56663-4_1.

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Mercurio, Bryan. "Safeguarding Public Welfare? Intellectual Property Rights, Health and the Evolution of Treaty Drafting in International Investment Agreements." In Mega-Regional Trade Agreements, 241–71. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56663-4_10.

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Frey, Christopher. "The Role of Mega-Regionals in the Decarbonization of the Economy." In Mega-Regional Trade Agreements, 275–97. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56663-4_11.

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Krajewski, Markus. "Liberalizing Trade in Energy Services and Domestic Regulation: New Approaches in Mega-Regionals?" In Mega-Regional Trade Agreements, 299–316. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56663-4_12.

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Hoekman, Bernard. "Trade Agreements and International Cooperation on Public Procurement Regulation." In Mega-Regional Trade Agreements, 319–36. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56663-4_13.

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Conference papers on the topic "Regional trade agreements"

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Ciglovska, Biljana, and Jeton Shaqiri. "Effects of Regional Trade Agreements on International Agricultural Trade." In University for Business and Technology International Conference. Pristina, Kosovo: University for Business and Technology, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.33107/ubt-ic.2012.34.

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Esina, Yulia Leonidovna, Natalia Mikhailovna Stepanenkova, and Elena Evgenievna Agafonova. "Regional trade agreements as factor of expansion of foreign trade relations of Russia." In Proceedings of the International conference "Economy in the modern world" (ICEMW 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icemw-18.2018.2.

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Gültekin, Raşit, and Mustafa Erkan Üyümez. "Free Trade Agreement between Turkey and Russian Federation and its Possible Effects to these Countries’ Trade and Taxational Reflections." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c06.01300.

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The last period of international trade in goods covers a process carried out with globalization and regionalization efforts. Many countries, on the one hand, take part in arrangements that are executed under the leadership by global actors and aim at removing or reducing conventional obstacles to international trade, on the other hand, participate in various and regional economic integrations to provide a more deep and comprehensive economic cooperation and to cope with the competition and trade restrictions which continually increasing due to political, commercial and economical motives. Trade relations between Turkey and Russian Federation is an important element of the two countries' multidimensional cooperation. The most effective attempt to raise the top level of the volume and quality of existing commercial relationships will be the signing and putting into practice of a comprehensive free trade agreements between the two countries that have not been done previously. The purpose of this study is to determine the potential effects of such a free trade agreements between Turkey and Russian Federation in terms of trade in goods between two countries. To this end, in this study, theoretical aspects of free trade agreements' effects and place within regional integration types will be considered the impact of the possible Turkey-Russia free trade agreement will be examined in a framework of basic provisions with customs duties that set out in free trade agreements, recent trade data and key issues related to these countries.
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Marin, Nikolay, and Mariya Paskaleva. "AN ANALYSIS OF THE EU’S INVESTMENT POLICY AFTER CETA: EFFECTS ON THE BULGARIAN ECONOMY." In 4th International Scientific Conference – EMAN 2020 – Economics and Management: How to Cope With Disrupted Times. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/eman.2020.55.

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In this paper we analyze the changes of the EU’s investment policy provoked by the mixed trade agreements. The EU’s investment policy has turned towards attaining bilateral trade agreements. One of these “new-generation” agreements is the Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA). It is in a process of being ratified by the national parliaments of the EU members. This study is focused on the general characteristics of CETA and the eventual problems posed by its regulatory and wide-ranging nature. We prove that the significance of this agreement pertains not only to the economic influence, that it will have on the European and Canadian economies, but CETA is also the first trade agreement to have been negotiated with a focus on investment protection and a change in the EU’s investment policy. The current study reveals the influence arising from the conclusion of CETA on the Bulgarian economy with an emphasis on electronic industry, machinery industry and manufacturing. We estimate both – the direct and indirect effects on Bulgaria’s exports, imports, value added and employment. In order to estimate the influence, we apply the multi-regional input-output model. It is proved that CETA will have a low but positive impact on the Bulgarian economy. After constructing different scenarios of development, we prove that the influence of CETA on the Bulgarian economy will amount to 0.010% GDP. The average total employment will be increased by more than 172 jobs in Bulgaria, which in turn, relative to the labor market, represents less than 0.01% of the total employment.
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Lobanov, Natalia. "Challenges for the international trading system in the context of global security." In Economic Security in the Context of Systemic Transformations, 3rd Edition. Academy of Economic Studies of Moldova, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.53486/escst2023.05.

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The article analyzes the challenges to the security and functionality of the international trade system, consisting of the trade flows between the states of the world, as well as a series of international regulatory institutions.Among the main challenges we mention military and trade conflicts, divergent growth trends in different regions, volatility of raw material prices, economic instability, governance issues within the World Trade Organization, the increase in the number and importance of regional trade agreements that gradually shift the focus of to the multilateral trade system to regional rules, the friendshoring trend. These factors increase the fragmentation of the single trade space, by eroding the basic principles of the international trade system, such as non-discrimination (the most favored nation clause, equal treatment for domestic and foreign products), progressive trade liberalization, predictability through consolidation and transparency, promoting fair competition, encouraging economic development and reforms. The outlook for the international trading system remains uncertain. At the same time, even if in the current conditions the countries aim, as a priority, to protect their national interests, we mention that from a strategic point of view, all WTO members will benefit from the development of multilateral cooperation. Thus, it is extremely important that the efforts of the world community support the multilateral systemic development of trade relations. When conducting the study, methods such as the systemic approach, analysis and synthesis, generalization, comparative analysis were used. International statistical data, WTO, UNCTAD publications, official documents of the European Union, international publications were used as informational support.
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Savrul, Mesut, and Ahmet İncekara. "The Effect of Globalization on International Trade: The Black Sea Economic Cooperation Case." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c06.01374.

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Globalization including political, social and economic processes is frequently associated with multinational companies and investment, international trade and regionalism, global finance and money. While globalization process reduced activity and control of national governments on their economy and trade their place is substituted by international companies. The national economies on the other hand try to keep pace with the change in economic system by deregulating their international trade barriers via regional trade agreements and economic integrations. Based on the assumption that the globalization has liberalized their infrastructure of trade, this study investigates the balance of trade in the member countries of The Black Sea Economic Cooperation Organization (BSEC). The data is collected from international trade database of UNCTAD and globalization index of KOF Swiss Economic Institute. The variables are evaluated using panel data analysis and the results have shown that globalization has a significant impact on international trade and the globalization process had a positive effect on the liberalization of trade in the member countries of the BSEC.
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Manasov, Zamirbek. "Multilateralism versus Regionalism in Eurasia: Theoretical Reasons of Choosing Sides for Kyrgyzstan." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c02.00319.

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This paper asks whether Kyrgyzstan should take part in the newly established Customs Union among Belarus, Kazakhstan and Russia or in the World Trade Organization (WTO). From the start of the foundation of the new Customs Union there have been deep discussions among the proponents and opponents of organization. This issue attracted extra attention and interest because the new Customs Union includes non-members of the World Trade Organization such as Russia, Belarus, and Kazakhstan. In Addition, the new Customs Union, unlike previous regional trade agreements, has formed a supranational body –the Custom Union Commission - which will decide on Common External Tariffs. Kyrgyzstan is already a member country of WTO and is going to join the new Customs Union. How will this membership work for Kyrgyzstan in short and long-term period? Will the new Customs Union be substitutive or complementary to the WTO in the development of international trade of Kyrgyzstan? Which side would be more beneficial for Kyrgyzstan: membership to a regional Customs Union or to a multilateral WTO? This paper hopes to answer these main questions. This paper will have five sections. Section one will provide a brief introduction. Section two will analyze the development of regionalism and multilateralism in the region. In section three, theoretical compatibility of regionalism and multilateralism will be discussed. Section four will determine what can be proposed for the current situation of Kyrgyzstan according to selected theoretical literature. Concluding remarks will be given in last section.
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Piekutowska, Agnieszka. "THE GROUNDS OF PROTECTIONISM IN INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN THE 21st CENTURY IN THE CONTEXT OF MULTILATERAL TRADE NEGOTIATIONS." In Economic and Business Trends Shaping the Future. Ss Cyril and Methodius University, Faculty of Economics-Skopje, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47063/ebtsf.2021.0020.

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As the importance of tariffs diminishes, to avoid underestimation, analysis of the dynamics of protectionism implies the use of more complex data. Hence, this research explores the Global Trade Alert database, which covers a wide range of measures used by countries within trade policy. Once the dynamics of protectionism in trade is presented, the analysis of its grounds might be undertaken to answer the question: what are the reasons for high levels of protectionist tendencies in the 21 st century? Is this a post-crisis repercussion only? Or is the failure of multilateral negotiations under the auspices of the WTO which, in turn, makes space for increased levels of protectionism? While many analyses highlight the indisputable impact of the crisis on the growing protectionist tendencies in the 21 st century, it has been over ten years since the crisis, which requires a search for alternate or additional premises. The hypothesis was therefore adopted that the failure of multilateral negotiations within the Doha Round may make space for increased protectionism in the 21 st century. Taking into consideration all of the negative consequences of protectionism, the analysis of its causes has a justification. Successful treatment requires a diagnosis of the sources of the problem; only once these are identified can an appropriate action be undertaken. The main conclusion from the research is that because of the diversification within the WTO, the multilateral liberalization agenda has been limited. Hence, “next generation” issues are addressed elsewhere, like within regional trade agreements, which, as a result, became very popular after 2001. However, RTAs should not be perceived as an alternative to liberalization under the auspices of the WTO, as they are not free from protectionist tendencies.
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Haydaroğlu, Ceyhun, and Çağdaş Zarplı. "Is Eurasia Energy Association Possible?" In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c01.00140.

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The end of the Soviet hegemony over the Eurasia region after the dissolution of Soviet Union and the terrorist attacks targeting the USA in 11 September 2001, posed a threat for energy transfer. In addition to these, the instable situation in the Middle East brings forward the search for the alternate energy sources. The interest in the energy issue was directed to Eurasia from Middle East. The integration attempts such as energy association between the countries in the Eurasia region, lead up to utilize the resources they have more productively and economic development by promoting the trade within the region. The solution seeking of the countries in Eurasia to the problems in the region and the survival attempts in the growing global competition gave cause for the necessity to make regional cooperation agreements between countries in the region. Considering the fact that the nations in the Eurasia should utilize the resources in the Eurasia in spite of the fact that the USA uses force, the local constituent of Eurasia began to respond. In this context, the object of the study is to develop a point of view for establishing Eurasia Energy Association by discussing the possibility of the integration attempts in the region in a political and economic sense. Solutions will be offered in the following steps with a situation analysis of political and economic conditions necessary for establishing a Eurasia Energy Association, obstacles to establish the desired energy association in the Eurasia region and the encouraging facts.
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Fernández, Carrasco Pedro, Carrasco Pedro Fernández, Nawel Khelil, Nawel Khelil, Rachid Bninha, and Rachid Bninha. "COASTAL ESSAOUIRA DEVELOPMENT FAIR TRADE PROJECT. MOROCCO." In Managing risks to coastal regions and communities in a changing world. Academus Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31519/conferencearticle_5b1b93720ce3b6.46377074.

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The city of Essaouira on the Atlantic Coast of Morocco is actively searching for an important change in its economic model, traditionally based on artisanal fisheries and tourism since the sixties of the past century. The circumstances of Morocco, such as the high dependence of import for energy needs (fuel and gas), low development of infrastructures and population growth, have generated in 2014 the opportunity of cooperation between the Commerce Chamber of Essaouira [1] and the research study group, headed by Professor Dr. Pedro Fernández, from Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. A cooperation agreement has been signed on the 15th October 2014. Within this agreement several activities have been implemented. Among them, 5 research projects [2] have been developed during 2015: Study of a New Bus Station Terminal, Creativity Entrepreneur Area (Dermocosmetics industry, agro bio organic market, Renewable Energy, Wood artisanal and Fair Fashion), Viability of Wave Energy Station, Harbor New uses, Offshore Wind Energy Farm. Here it is summarized the outcome of these researches, measured in terms of invest needed and benefits generated, in terms of active participation of people of Essaouira, new activities and companies generated, and profits potentially gained in a short and long term under sustainable and respectful environmental, cultural and social behavior where fair trade, health, person to person business and less is more are the bones and the heart of all proposals.
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Reports on the topic "Regional trade agreements"

1

Antkiewicz, Agata, and John Whalley. China's New Regional Trade Agreements. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, December 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w10992.

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Li, Chunding, Jing Wang, and John Whalley. China's Regional and Bilateral Trade Agreements. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, January 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w19853.

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Whalley, John. Why Do Countries Seek Regional Trade Agreements? Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, April 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w5552.

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Estevadeordal, Antoni. Impact of Free Trade Agreements on Trade. Inter-American Development Bank, August 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0006951.

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This presentation was commissioned by the Trade and Integration Network of the Regional Policy Dialogue for the V Hemispheric Meeting celebrated on August 14th and 15th, 2003. This presentation tries to offer a preliminary empirical assessment of the impact of regional market access liberalization on trade.
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Marconini, Mario. Revisiting Regional Trade Agreements and Their Impact on Services Trade. Geneva, Switzerland: International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.7215/re_ip_20100129.

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Suominen, Kati, Matthew Shearer, and Antoni Estevadeordal. Market Access Provisions in Regional Trade Agreement. Inter-American Development Bank, May 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011067.

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Regional trade agreements (RTAs) have proliferated over the past decade around the world to cover nearly half of global trade. The number of RTAs notified to the WTO is approaching 200, while the total number of RTAs around the world exceeds 300. The global RTA spree has forged a veritable spaghetti bowl of multiple and often overlapping agreements.
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Abman, Ryan, Clark Lundberg, John McLaren, and Michele Ruta. Child Labor Standards in Regional Trade Agreements: Theory and Evidence. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, February 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w30908.

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Estevadeordal, Antoni. The Impact of Free Trade Agreements on the Pattern of Trade. Inter-American Development Bank, May 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0012272.

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This document discusses the impact of Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) and their effect on the pattern of trade. Specifically, this document addresses trade liberalization, preferential tariff liberalization, and obstacles to market access liberalization. This document is based on chapter 3 of the IDB report "Economic and Social Progress in Latin America: Beyond Borders: The New Regionalism in Latin America" (IPES-2003) and was presented at the Regional Policy Dialogue of the Meeting of the Trade and Integration Network held on May 29th and 30th, 2003 in Washington, DC.
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Moser, Christoph, and Andrew Rose. Who Benefits from Regional Trade Agreements? The View from the Stock Market. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, September 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w17415.

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Granados, Jaime. Managing Asymmetries in Trade Agreements in the Western Hemisphere. Inter-American Development Bank, December 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0006646.

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This presentation was commissioned by the Trade and Integration Network of the Regional Policy Dialogue for the Caribbean Subregional Meeting celebrated on december 15th, 2004 in Montego Bay Jamaica. Approaches for managing asymmetries in the WH Mapping out the mechanisms General trends and conclusions
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