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Journal articles on the topic 'Regional slope stability analysis'
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1
He, Jian Ping, and Ya Li Wang. "Stability Analysis and Evaluation of QingXi High-Cutting Slope." Applied Mechanics and Materials 438-439 (October 2013): 1376–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.438-439.1376.
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Rock nature is mainly controlled by joint-fissur, the stability of rock slope is mainly controlled by the joint surface, the destruction of the slope caused wedge instability formed by joint plane cutting. Stereographic projection can analyze simply and intuitively spatial association relations of straight line and plane in geological body, judge high-cutting slope stability and decisive factor of judge stability of high-cutting slope by means of direction and tendency relationship of rock slope and structural plane. This paper uses stereographic projection to analyze and judge high-cutting slope stability formed by artificial mechanical excavation in Qingxi, and decisive factor of stability according to deformation and fracture and the trends in the high-cutting slope regional, puts forward the high-cutting slope control measures and methods to ensure slope stability and security.
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Wei, Fang. "Regional Stability Analysis of Red Clay Slope Based on Different Failure Modes: A Case Study in Taizaifu Area, Fukuoka." Advances in Civil Engineering 2019 (October 15, 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/1269832.
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Red clay slopes have different failure modes in different geological and climatic contexts. Underlying weak layers are frequently witnessed in integral failures because of the reverse consolidation characteristics. On the contrary, heavy rainfall often causes superficial sliding for a considerable infiltration through developed microfractures. Based on the Geographic Information System, regional stability of red clay slopes was evaluated with two failure modes, such as “integral sliding” and “planar sliding.” First, terrain and borehole data of the study area were used to construct the digital elevation model. Second, slope units were partitioned as research objects. For integral sliding, the slip surface was supposed to lie above the strata interface, and it was regarded as a lower part of an ellipsoid. After calculating safety factors of potential slip surfaces that were randomly generated by the Monte Carlo method, the minimum safety factor of the slope unit and the critical slip surface could be determined. For shallow landslides triggered by rainfall infiltration, the one-dimensional infiltration model and infinite slope model were used. Moreover, the difference between the sliding direction of each column and the main aspect of entire slope unit was considered in safety factor calculation. Finally, regional slope stability characterized by the safety factor would be available; thus, it would be beneficial to sliding prevention and disaster treatment in this region.
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Lafleur, J., V. Silvestri, R. Asselin, and M. Soulié. "Behaviour of a test excavation in soft Champlain Sea clay." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 25, no. 4 (November 1, 1988): 705–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t88-081.
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The field observations made during a sloped excavation in a soft sensitive clay are presented. The test site is located in Saint-Hilaire, in a typical Champlain Sea clay deposit, of 30 m depth. The trench was 8 m deep and 60 × 60 m square and its slopes were at 45, 34, 27, and 18° to the horizontal. The induced pore pressures and total lateral stresses have been recorded with vibrating-wire instruments since the beginning of the excavation. The steepest, 45° slope completely failed 1 day after excavating and the 34° slope, 2 weeks after. The piezometer readings have shown that the groundwater regime was modified proportionally to the changes in total stresses; these modifications took place within a time period of 5 months, after which the heads became more or less constant. The total stress cells indicated significant rotation of the principal axes at the toe of the slopes. Stability analyses using the lowest vane strength profile gave minimum factors of safety of 1.15 for the 45° slope and 1.23 for the 34° slope, thereby underestimating the risks of failure. Back analyses using regional effective shear strength parameters were made and the parameters mobilized at failure were found to be [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. Key words: case record, excavation, soft clay, slope stability, back analysis.
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Yu, Guo, Mowen Xie, and Yong Li. "Evaluation methods of regional bank slope stability based on geographic information systems and integrated information model." Journal of Geography and Cartography 5, no. 1 (January 26, 2022): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.24294/jgc.v5i1.1411.
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Through the combination of the geographic information systems (GIS) and the integrated information model, the stability of regional bank slope was comprehensively evaluated. First, a regional bank slope stability evaluation index system was established through studying seven selected factors (slope grade, slope direction, mountain shadow, elevation, stratigraphic lithology, geological structure and river action) that have an impact on the stability of the slope. Then, each factor was rasterized by GIS. According to the integrated information model, the evaluation index distribution map based on rasterized factors was obtained to evaluate the stability of the regional bank slope. Through the analysis of an actual project, it was concluded that the geological structure and stratigraphic lithology have a significant impact on the evaluation results. Most of the research areas were in the relatively low stable areas. The low and the relatively low stable areas accounted for 15.2% and 51.5% of the total study area respectively. The accuracy of slope evaluation results in the study area reached 95.41%.
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Bravo-Zapata, Matías F., Enrique Muñoz, Pablo Lapeña-Mañero, José Miguel Montenegro-Cooper, and Robert W. King. "Analysis of the Influence of Geomechanical Parameters and Geometry on Slope Stability in Granitic Residual Soils." Applied Sciences 12, no. 11 (May 31, 2022): 5574. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12115574.
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Granitic residual soils are soils formed by the in situ weathering of intrusive granitic rocks and are present in different parts of the world. Due to their large presence, many civil engineering projects are carried out on and within these soils. Therefore, a correct characterization of the slopes is necessary for slope stability studies. This investigation aims to study the influence of the values of geomechanical parameters (specific weight, cohesion, and friction angle) and the geometry of a slope (height and inclination) on slope stability of residual granitic soils in dry and static conditions. To this end, an automatic system was developed for the numerical study of cases using the finite element method with limit analysis. The system allows modeling, through Monte Carlo simulation and different slope configurations. With this system, the safety factors of 5000 cases were obtained. The results of the models were processed through the SAFE toolbox, performing a Regional Sensitivity Analysis (RSA). The results of this research concluded that the order of influence of the factors were: slope angle > slope height > cohesion > friction angle > unit weight (β > H > c > ϕ > γ).
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Ge, Qi, He Wu, and Ya Feng Gong. "Research on the Soil Slope Stability Based on Soil Strength Deterioration in Seasonal Frozen Areas." Advanced Materials Research 243-249 (May 2011): 4270–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.243-249.4270.
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Soil slope is one of the main parts of the road engineering. The stability of the slope is an essential prerequisite to ensure the safe operation of road transport. In seasonal frozen regions, shallow landslide hazards in soil slopes usually happen, which pose a serious threat to road safety operations. During the melting process, there forms stagnant water lubrication between the melting soil and freezing soil interface, which constitutes the weak interface of landslide hazard. Special methods to form the freezing – thawing (F-T) surface is designed, and takes consider the interface strength as the foundation of experimental tests, then opening to research the soil slope stability. Safety factor modification of the soil slope is presented. The conclusions of this paper present well theoretical and applied value to the regional slope failure analysis.
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Wang, Liang Qing, P. H. S. W. Kulatilake, Hui Ming Tang, and Ye Liang. "Rock Slope Stability Study for Yujian River Dam Site Based on Kinematic Analyses." Advanced Materials Research 446-449 (January 2012): 2048–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.446-449.2048.
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Lithological information, rock mass fracture data and discontinuity shear strength obtained through field investigations have been used in conducting kinematic analyses for the rock slopes that exist in the Yujian River dam site to evaluate the stability of the slopes. Results given in the paper can be considered as conservative because of several conservative assumptions used in the analyses. Dam site slopes seem quite stable up to 40º dip angle. Out of the three basic failure modes, possible wedge sliding seems to be the most likely one followed up with possible plane sliding as the second. Irrespective of the considered slope regions, slope dip direction ranges 270-315º and 200-210º seem to be the worst cases for possible instability of slopes in the dam site. Regional slopes in the dam site can be ranked with respect to safety from the lowest to highest in the following order: R-c-1, R-e-2, R-c-2, R-d-1, R-b, R-a, R-d-2 and R-e-1. Note that the dam site slopes are currently stable and the existing slope angles agree well with the results obtained from the rock slope stability analyses.
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López-Vinielles, Juan, José A. Fernández-Merodo, Pablo Ezquerro, Juan C. García-Davalillo, Roberto Sarro, Cristina Reyes-Carmona, Anna Barra, et al. "Combining Satellite InSAR, Slope Units and Finite Element Modeling for Stability Analysis in Mining Waste Disposal Areas." Remote Sensing 13, no. 10 (May 20, 2021): 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13102008.
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Slope failures pose a substantial threat to mining activity due to their destructive potential and high probability of occurrence on steep slopes close to limit equilibrium conditions, which are often found both in open pits and in waste and tailing disposal facilities. The development of slope monitoring and modeling programs usually entails the exploitation of in situ and remote sensing data, together with the application of numerical modeling, and it plays an important role in the definition of prevention and mitigation measures aimed at minimizing the impact of slope failures in mining areas. In this paper, a new methodology is presented; one that combines satellite radar interferometry and 2D finite element modeling for slope stability analysis at a regional scale, and applied within slope unit polygons. Although the literature includes many studies applying radar interferometry and modeling for slope stability analysis, the addition of slope units as input data for radar interferometry and modeling purposes has, to our knowledge, not previously been reported. A former mining area in southeast Spain was studied, and the method proved useful for detecting and characterizing a large number of unstable slopes. Out of the 1959 slope units used for the spatial analysis of the radar interferometry data, 43 were unstable, with varying values of safety factor and landslide size. Out of the 43 active slope units, 21 exhibited line of sight velocities greater than the maximum error obtained through validation analysis (2.5 cm/year). Finally, this work discusses the possibility of using the results of the proposed approach to devise a proxy for landslide hazard. The proposed methodology can help to provide non-expert final users with intelligible, clear, and easily comparable information to analyze slope instabilities in different settings, and not limited to mining areas.
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Deng, Yuan-Chang, Jin-Hung Hwang, and Yu-Da Lyu. "Developing Real-Time Nowcasting System for Regional Landslide Hazard Assessment under Extreme Rainfall Events." Water 13, no. 5 (March 8, 2021): 732. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13050732.
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In this research, a real-time nowcasting system for regional landslide-hazard assessment under extreme-rainfall conditions was established by integrating a real-time rainfall data retrieving system, a landslide-susceptibility analysis program (TRISHAL), and a real-time display system to show the stability of regional slopes in real time and provide an alert index under rainstorm conditions for disaster prevention and mitigation. The regional hydrogeological parameters were calibrated using a reverse-optimization analysis based on an RGA (Real-coded Genetic Algorithm) of the optimization techniques and an improved version of the TRIGRS (Transient Rainfall Infiltration and Grid-based Regional Slope-Stability) model. The 2009 landslide event in the Xiaolin area of Taiwan, associated with Typhoon Morakot, was used to test the real-time regional landslide-susceptibility system. The system-testing results showed that the system configuration was feasible for practical applications concerning disaster prevention and mitigation.
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Masi, Elena Benedetta, Samuele Segoni, and Veronica Tofani. "Root Reinforcement in Slope Stability Models: A Review." Geosciences 11, no. 5 (May 13, 2021): 212. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences11050212.
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The influence of vegetation on mechanical and hydrological soil behavior represents a significant factor to be considered in shallow landslides modelling. Among the multiple effects exerted by vegetation, root reinforcement is widely recognized as one of the most relevant for slope stability. Lately, the literature has been greatly enriched by novel research on this phenomenon. To investigate which aspects have been most treated, which results have been obtained and which aspects require further attention, we reviewed papers published during the period of 2015–2020 dealing with root reinforcement. This paper—after introducing main effects of vegetation on slope stability, recalling studies of reference—provides a synthesis of the main contributions to the subtopics: (i) approaches for estimating root reinforcement distribution at a regional scale; (ii) new slope stability models, including root reinforcement and (iii) the influence of particular plant species, forest management, forest structure, wildfires and soil moisture gradient on root reinforcement. Including root reinforcement in slope stability analysis has resulted a topic receiving growing attention, particularly in Europe; in addition, research interests are also emerging in Asia. Despite recent advances, including root reinforcement into regional models still represents a research challenge, because of its high spatial and temporal variability: only a few applications are reported about areas of hundreds of square kilometers. The most promising and necessary future research directions include the study of soil moisture gradient and wildfire controls on the root strength, as these aspects have not been fully integrated into slope stability modelling.
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Jiang, Peng Ming, Zhong Lei Yan, and Peng Li. "Soil Strength Reduction Method Induced by Variation of Water Content." Applied Mechanics and Materials 170-173 (May 2012): 847–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.170-173.847.
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As the complexity of unsaturated soil theory, and it must have a long test period when we study the unsaturated soils, so the conventional design analysis software does not provide such analysis, so we can imagine that such a slope stability analysis does not accurately reflect the actual state of the slope. Based on the known soil moisture content，this paper use the soil water characteristic curve and strength theory of unsaturated soil to calculate the strength reduction parameters of soil which can calculate the stability of the soil slope when using the common calculation method. It is noticeable that this method can be extended and applied if we establish regional databases for this simple method, and these databases can improve the accuracy of the calculation of slope stability.
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Wang, Kai, Hui Xu, Shaojie Zhang, Fangqiang Wei, and Wanli Xie. "Identification and Extraction of Geomorphological Features of Landslides Using Slope Units for Landslide Analysis." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 9, no. 4 (April 22, 2020): 274. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9040274.
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A slope unit is commonly used as calculation unit for regional landslide analysis. However, the capacity of the slope unit to reflect the geomorphological features of actual landslides still needs to be verified. This is because such accurate representation is critical to ensure the physical meaning of results from subsequent landslide stability analysis. This paper presents work conducted on landslides and slope extraction in two areas in China: The Jiangjia Gully area (Yunnan Province) and Fengjie County (Chongqing Municipality). Ground-based light detection and ranging (LiDAR) data are combined with field landslide terrace measurements to allow for the comparison of slope unit extraction methods (conventional vs. MIA-HSU) in terms of their ability to reflect the geomorphological features of shallow and deep-seated landslides. The results indicate that slope unit boundaries extracted by the conventional method do not match the geomorphological variations of actual landslides, and the method is therefore deficient in meaningfully extracting slope units for further landslide analysis. By contrast, slope units obtained using the MIA-HSU method accurately reflects the geomorphological features of both shallow and deep-seated landslides, and thus provides clearer geomorphological meaning and more reasonable calculation units for regional landslide assessment and prediction.
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Salvatici, Teresa, Veronica Tofani, Guglielmo Rossi, Michele D'Ambrosio, Carlo Tacconi Stefanelli, Elena Benedetta Masi, Ascanio Rosi, et al. "Application of a physically based model to forecast shallow landslides at a regional scale." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 18, no. 7 (July 10, 2018): 1919–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-18-1919-2018.
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Abstract. In this work, we apply a physically based model, namely the HIRESSS (HIgh REsolution Slope Stability Simulator) model, to forecast the occurrence of shallow landslides at the regional scale. HIRESSS is a physically based distributed slope stability simulator for analyzing shallow landslide triggering conditions during a rainfall event. The modeling software is made up of two parts: hydrological and geotechnical. The hydrological model is based on an analytical solution from an approximated form of the Richards equation, while the geotechnical stability model is based on an infinite slope model that takes the unsaturated soil condition into account. The test area is a portion of the Aosta Valley region, located in the northwest of the Alpine mountain chain. The geomorphology of the region is characterized by steep slopes with elevations ranging from 400 m a.s.l. on the Dora Baltea River's floodplain to 4810 m a.s.l. at Mont Blanc. In the study area, the mean annual precipitation is about 800–900 mm. These features make the territory very prone to landslides, mainly shallow rapid landslides and rockfalls. In order to apply the model and to increase its reliability, an in-depth study of the geotechnical and hydrological properties of hillslopes controlling shallow landslide formation was conducted. In particular, two campaigns of on site measurements and laboratory experiments were performed using 12 survey points. The data collected contributed to the generation of an input map of parameters for the HIRESSS model. In order to consider the effect of vegetation on slope stability, the soil reinforcement due to the presence of roots was also taken into account; this was done based on vegetation maps and literature values of root cohesion. The model was applied using back analysis for two past events that affected the Aosta Valley region between 2008 and 2009, triggering several fast shallow landslides. The validation of the results, carried out using a database of past landslides, provided good results and a good prediction accuracy for the HIRESSS model from both a temporal and spatial point of view.
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Tran, The Viet, Hoang Viet Hung, Huy Dung Pham, Go Sato, and Hoang Hiep Vu. "A Non-Linear, Time-Variant Approach to Simulate the Rainfall-Induced Slope Failure of an Unsaturated Soil Slope: A Case Study in Sapa, Vietnam." Journal of Disaster Research 16, no. 4 (June 1, 2021): 512–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2021.p0512.
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In this study, the Transient Rainfall Infiltration and Grid-Based Regional Slope-Stability Analysis (TRIGRS), v2.1 program, and module SLOPE/W in the Geostudio package were adopted for assessing rainfall-induced slope failure. TRIGRS was developed by the United States Geological Survey to determine the time-varying groundwater table at the regional scale under rainfall infiltration. The program employs partial differential equations represented by one-dimensional vertical flow in homogeneous materials for unsaturated conditions. With the application of a simple runoff routing scheme combined with the mass balance between rainfall, infiltration, and runoff over the study area, the distribution of the transient pore-water pressures within the entire landscape was simulated considering both the surface and subsurface flow. Additionally, compared to the traditional two-dimensional approach, the topographical conditions were also considered during the groundwater simulation. For conducting the slope stability analysis, a typical cross-section was constructed based on the site description. The predicted water-tables at the observed time of failure of the typical section were extracted and used in SLOPE/W to conduct the time-dependent modelling of rainfall-induced slope failures. In this study, the non-linear method was employed for simulating unsaturated soil shear strength, and the stability of the slope was evaluated using Bishop’s simplified method. We applied the approach to the landslide event that occurred on August 5, 2019, in Sapa district, Lao Cai province, Vietnam. The event resulted in severe damage and blocked the road for days. The predicted results on the stability of the slope as the factor of safety were compared with the actual slope failure during the event. The results showed that, by inputting accurate data, the applied approach could provide valuable evidence about the time of the slope failure.
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Pilecka, Elżbieta, and Magdalena Moskal. "Numerical analysis of landslide next regional route No. 975 in Borowa before and after securing it." AUTOBUSY – Technika, Eksploatacja, Systemy Transportowe 19, no. 6 (September 7, 2018): 202–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/atest.2018.064.
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In the paper the problem of landslides in road engineering is discussed. An example is given of a landslide next to regional road No. 975 in Borowa. The analysed slope was modeled in the MIDAS GTS NX . The slope stability analysis and the FoS coefficient were carried out using the shear strength reduction method (SRM). In the next step a numerical analysis was carried out after the security measures were implemented. The results show the capability of numerical simulation programs.
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Kundu, Jagadish, Kripamoy Sarkar, Ebrahim Ghaderpour, Gabriele Scarascia Mugnozza, and Paolo Mazzanti. "A GIS-Based Kinematic Analysis for Jointed Rock Slope Stability: An Application to Himalayan Slopes." Land 12, no. 2 (February 2, 2023): 402. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land12020402.
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GIS-based kinematic stability analysis in rock slopes is a rare practice in geological engineering despite its immense potential to delineate unstable zones in a mountainous region. In this article, we have used a GIS-based modified technique to assess the efficiency of kinematic analysis in predicting shallow landslides in the rock slopes of the Himalayan mountains on a regional scale. The limited use of this technique is primarily due to the complexities involved in its practical application. To make this technique more effective and convenient usability, we present modified methods and a new application, ‘GISMR’, that works with the aid of GIS software for the determination of kinematic susceptibility. A modified kinematic analysis method was implemented to define the stability in terms of failure susceptibility on a scale of 0 to 100 rather than a conservative result, such as failure or non-failure. We also present another functionality of the GISMR that provides optimised slope angles over a region. This functionality could aid the decision-making process when selecting a suitable location for a road path or other engineering constructions that are impacted by unstable mountain slopes. The applicability of this new method was demonstrated in a rock failure-prone region in the mountains of the Indian Himalayas. The outcomes delineate the unstable slopes in the region, which are intersected by a strategic National Highway 05 and have a long history of landslide-related hazards. It was found that 9.61% of the area is susceptible to failure. However, 2.28% is classified as a low susceptible region, and 2.58% of the area is very-low susceptible. The regions with moderately high, high, and very-high susceptibility cover 2.78%, 1.49%, and 0.46% of the whole area, respectively. The results were evaluated by receiver operating characteristic curve and a frequency ratio method to represent the association between kinematic susceptibility and the mass movement inventory in the area. It is concluded that kinematic susceptibility has a strong relationship with landslide activity in the rock slopes of the Himalayan region.
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Tang, Dong Qi, Xiu Fang Yao, and Jian Bing Peng. "Loess Joints Development Characteristics and Space Partition." Applied Mechanics and Materials 501-504 (January 2014): 312–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.501-504.312.
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The extensive development vertical joints is one of the major features in the loess region. The joint destroyed the loess slope integrity, reduces the slope stability. First of all, through the field investigation and analysis the loess joint development characteristics, joint with slope tendency towards a big angle oblique, joints control slope trend. Secondly, according to the different regional slope stress analysis, tableland soil area is mainly by collapsibility tension, soil in the slope zone mainly by horizontal thrust produced by unloading effect, the slope area joint development is divided into collapsibility joint development zone, tension joint development zone, compression joint development zone and the excavation unloading joint development zone.
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Kang, Sinhang, Sung-Eun Cho, Byungmin Kim, and Gyu-Hyun Go. "Effects of Two-Phase Flow of Water and Air on Shallow Slope Failures Induced by Rainfall: Insights from Slope Stability Assessment at a Regional Scale." Water 12, no. 3 (March 14, 2020): 812. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12030812.
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Over 160 shallow landslides resulted from heavy rainfall that occurred in 26–27 July 2011 at Umyeon Mountain, Seoul, South Korea. To accurately reflect the fluid flow mechanism in the void spaces of soils, we considered the two-phase flow of water and air for rainfall infiltration analysis using available historical rainfall data, topographic maps, and geotechnical/hydrological properties. Variations in pore water and air pressure from the infiltration analysis are used for slope stability assessment. By comparing the results from numerical models applying single- and two-phase flow models, we observed that air flow changes the rate of increase in pore water pressure, influencing the safety factor on slopes with a low infiltration capacity, where ponding is more likely to occur during heavy rainfall. Finally, several slope failure assessments were conducted to evaluate the usefulness of using the two-phase flow model in forecasting slope stability in conditions of increased rainfall sums. We observed that the two-phase flow model reduces the tendency of over-prediction compared to the single-phase model. The results from the two-phase flow model revealed good agreement with actual landslide events.
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Zhang, Hao, Zaiqiang Hu, Xingzhou Chen, and Hongru Li. "Formation Mechanism and Stability Analysis of the Hejia Landslide." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2021 (December 26, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/1372621.
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The existing research data show that, after reservoir impoundment, due to the repeated rise and fall of water level and water-rock interaction, the mechanical parameters of landslide are reduced, which will have an adverse effect on the stability of landslide. Therefore, sufficient attention must be paid to the stability of slope after reservoir impoundment. Hejia landslide is the largest landslide near the bank of Miaojiaba hydropower station, and its stability plays an important role in the normal operation of the hydropower station. Through field investigation and analysis of regional geological conditions, it is concluded that Hejia landslide is a large-scale landslide, through long-term sliding-bending deformation; it is generated from the external hard rock with thick layers and sliding zone for layered soft rock; the formation mechanism of landslide is as follows: (1) high-steep and hard-soft layered slope is the slope structure condition that caused the large landslide; (2) the existence of thick soft rock belt provides material conditions for the formation of slip surface; (3) certain air conditions provide displacement space for the separation and disintegration of the sliding body, and the landslide is stable at present. Numerical analysis results show that reservoir impoundment will adversely affect the stability of landslide. In order to ensure the normal operation of power station, certain engineering measures must be taken to treat Hejia landslide. After taking measures, years of monitoring data show that the deformation of Hejia landslide tends to be stable, and the current operation is normal, indicating that the engineering treatment measures are reasonable and feasible.
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Ray, R. L., and F. De Smedt. "Slope stability analysis on a regional scale using GIS: a case study from Dhading, Nepal." Environmental Geology 57, no. 7 (June 28, 2008): 1603–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00254-008-1435-5.
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Palazzolo, Nunziarita, David Peres, Massimiliano Bordoni, Claudia Meisina, Enrico Creaco, and Antonino Cancelliere. "Improving Spatial Landslide Prediction with 3D Slope Stability Analysis and Genetic Algorithm Optimization: Application to the Oltrepò Pavese." Water 13, no. 6 (March 15, 2021): 801. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13060801.
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In this study, we compare infinite slope and the three-dimensional stability analysis performed by SCOOPS 3D (software to analyze three-dimensional slope stability throughout a digital landscape). SCOOPS 3D is a model proposed by the U. S. Geological Survey (USGS), the potentialities of which have still not been investigated sufficiently. The comparison between infinite slope and 3D slope stability analysis is carried out using the same hydrological analysis, which is performed with TRIGRS (transient rainfall infiltration and grid-based regional slope-stability model)—another model proposed by USGS. The SCOOPS 3D model requires definition of a series of numerical parameters that can have a significant impact on its own performance, for a given set of physical properties. In the study, we calibrate these numerical parameters through a multi-objective optimization based on genetic algorithms to maximize the model predictability performance in terms of statistics of the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) confusion matrix. This comparison is carried out through an application on a real case study, a catchment in the Oltrepò Pavese (Italy), in which the areas of triggered landslides were accurately monitored during an extreme rainfall on 27–28 April 2009. Results show that the SCOOPS 3D model performs better than the 1D infinite slope stability analysis, as the ROC True Skill Statistic increases from 0.09 to 0.37. In comparison to other studies, we find the 1D model performs worse, likely for the availability of less detailed geological data. On the other side, for the 3D model we find even better results than the two other studies present to date in the scientific literature. This is to be attributed to the optimization process we proposed, which allows to have a greater gain of performance passing from the 1D to the 3D simulation, in comparison to the above-mentioned studies, where no optimization has been applied. Thus, our study contributes to improving the performances of landslide models, which still remain subject to many uncertainty factors.
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Tao, Zhigang, Mengnan Li, Chun Zhu, Manchao He, Xiaohui Zheng, and Shibo Yu. "Analysis of the Critical Safety Thickness for Pretreatment of Mined-Out Areas Underlying the Final Slopes of Open-Pit Mines and the Effects of Treatment." Shock and Vibration 2018 (May 28, 2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/1306535.
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Where a mined-out area underlies a slope, it is a direct threat to slope safety and stability. This is of particular concern where a mined-out area underlies the slope of an open-pit mine, and it has a serious impact on the design and safety measures used for the mine. If a mined-out area underlying the final slope of an open-pit mine is not treated adequately and at the appropriate time, it may cause the slip failure of the final slope during the service life of the mine, posing a serious threat to the safety of personnel and equipment during the stripping phase. In light of the potential for such problems, this paper analyzes the instability mode and failure characteristics of an open-pit slope near a mined-out area in China using geological field survey and the polar stereographic projection method. The scale span method, in combination with engineering analogy and consideration of open-pit mining technology, is then used to determine the critical safety thickness at which pretreatment of mined-out areas should be carried out. A pretreatment process to infill the mined-out area during construction of open-pit mine steps is put forward, and its effects on slope stability and reliability are comprehensively evaluated. The results show that circular sliding is the most appropriate instability mode for a slope near a mined-out area. The failure initiates through breakage in the roof of the mined-out area, which induces subduction sliding of the free face of the slope at the left boundary of the mined-out area and subsequent failure of the entire regional slope. Comprehensive analysis methods are used to determine that the critical safety thickness at which a mined-out area under the final open-pit slope should be pretreated is 24 m. The recommended treatment countermeasure is to transfer filling slurry into the mined-out area through drilling holes in benches. This can satisfy the stability and reliability requirements for the slope under different working conditions.
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Chiu, Yen-Yu, Hung-En Chen, and Keh-Chia Yeh. "Investigation of the Influence of Rainfall Runoff on Shallow Landslides in Unsaturated Soil Using a Mathematical Model." Water 11, no. 6 (June 5, 2019): 1178. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11061178.
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Infiltration and groundwater have been widely considered as the main factors that cause shallow landslides; however, the effect of runoff has received less attention. In this study, an in-house physical-process-based shallow landslide model is developed to demonstrate the influence of runoff. The model is controlled by coupling the shallow water equation (dynamic) and Richards’ equation. An infinite slope stability analysis is applied to evaluate the possibility of regional landslides. A real, small catchment topography is adopted as a demonstration example. The simulation illustrates the variations of runoff and the factor of safety (FS) during a storm. The results indicate that, after the surface becomes saturated, the FS may keep varying due to the increasing pressure head, which is caused by increasing surface water depth. This phenomenon most likely occurs downstream where the slopes easily accumulate water. The depth of the surface water may also be a factor of slope failure. Therefore, it is essential to increase the accuracy of calculating the runoff depth when assessing regional shallow landslides.
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Bordoni, M., C. Meisina, R. Valentino, M. Bittelli, and S. Chersich. "From slope- to regional-scale shallow landslides susceptibility assessment using TRIGRS." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences Discussions 2, no. 12 (December 11, 2014): 7409–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhessd-2-7409-2014.
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Abstract. Rainfall-induced shallow landslides are common phenomena in many parts of the world, affecting cultivations and infrastructures and causing sometimes human losses. Assessing the shallow landslides susceptibility is fundamental for land planning at different scales. This work defines a reliable methodology to extend the slope stability analysis from the local to the regional scale by using a well established physically-based model (TRIGRS-Unsaturated). The model is applied at first for a sample slope and then to the surrounding area of 13.4 km2 in Oltrepo Pavese (Northern Italy). In order to obtain more reliable input data for the model, a long-term hydro-meteorological monitoring has been carried out at the sample slope, that has been assumed as representative of the study area. Field measurements allowed for identifying the triggering mechanism of shallow failures and were used to calibrate the model. After obtaining modelled pore water pressures at the slope scale consistent with those measured during the monitoring activity, more reliable trends have been modelled also for past landslide events, as the April 2009 event that has been assumed as benchmark. The shallow landslides susceptibility assessment obtained using TRIGRS-Unsaturated for the benchmark event appears good for both the monitored slope and the whole study area, with better results if a pedological instead of geological zoning is considered at regional scale. The scheme followed in this work allows for obtaining better results of shallow landslides susceptibility assessment in terms of reduction of overestimation of unstable areas with respect to other distributed models applied in the past.
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Jucá, José Fernando, Alison Norberto, José Ivan Santos Júnior, and Fernando Marinho. "Brasília municipal solid waste landfill: a case study on flow and slope stability." Soils and Rocks 44, no. 3 (September 17, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.28927/sr.2021.067321.
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For geotechnical and environmental reasons, landfills are positioned above the regional water table and thus are formed in unsaturated conditions. This condition can be different if the drainage system and the rain regime of the site are such that they create a level of internal liquid in the landfill. During January and February 2019, excessive movements occurred in the slopes of the Brasília sanitary landfill. A geotechnical investigation indicated that the raised leachate level caused by the clogging of the drainage system contributed to the landfilled waste movements. The limit equilibrium analysis was used to predict the relationship between leachate level and slope stability. In order to understand the process that led to the rupture, flow and stability analysis by limit equilibrium were performed. The parameters associated with flow, water retention capacity, and shear strength were obtained based on literature evaluations. In addition, data from tests were used, which allowed to define more accurately the distribution of pore pressures of liquid that led to the failure. This study allowed to define the cause of failure and also to establish the role of the drainage system in maintaining the stability of the landfill. The studies indicated that although the gain of shear strength of landfill due to the unsaturated condition is negligible, the process of flow in unsaturated medium, associated with climatic aspects, are fundamental for a medium- and long-term analysis.
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Yin, Wenhua, Fang Wang, Weizheng Liu, Yongxiang Wu, and Xu Wang. "Analysis of Rainfall Erosion and Protective Measures for the Aeolian Sand Subgrade Slope of the Wuma Expressway." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2022 (May 30, 2022): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2000083.
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It is difficult to build roads in the desert areas with wind-blown sands because the prevailing harsh environment and the characteristics of the aeolian sands inhibit strategies and measures for road damage prevention and control that are typically effective in other settings. Typically, the rainfall period in aeolian sand areas worldwide is concentrated and the rainfall volume is relatively large, which combined with small and unstable nature and the aeolian sand particles means roads built in these areas can be easily washed away and are vulnerable to water damage. Given geological conditions, topographic features and hydrometeorological conditions differ depending on the region, basic research into water damage in highway roadbed slopes in aeolian sand areas is necessary to formulate treatment measures that are versatile and applicable in different regions. Towards that end, this study strengthens the evaluation of roadbed and pavement drainage and protective measures given aeolian sand erosion caused by rainwater infiltration in certain longitudinal length sections of the Expressway K165 + 250 mileage pile section, and includes verification of the design scheme. The effects of rainwater drainage, storage, and subgrade reinforcement on the seepage and stability of drainage in a long longitudinal slope in the desert hinterland were quantitatively analyzed using numerical analysis. Additionally taking into account the regional climate environment characteristics that locally prevail, the necessity and applicability of geotechnical reinforcement in practical engineering applications is demonstrated. The research found the stability of the subgrade slope given potential for rainfall erosion due to concentrated-rainfall periods in an aeolian sand region is promoted through measures including slope drainage on the highway combined with side ditch drainage, strengthening of the box culvert under embankment ditches, and local protection by laying geogrid in the embankment to produce a significant lateral diffusion effect.
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Fonataba, Brenda, Prima Jiwa Osly, and Irfan Ihsani. "CLASSIFICATION OF LAND CAPABILITY IN MANOKWARI AREA USING GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM (GIS)." Jurnal Infrastruktur 6, no. 2 (October 30, 2020): 129–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.35814/infrastruktur.v6i2.1721.
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The Land is a natural resource that has limitations to accommodate human activities in land use. Utilization of land for residential land, regional development or, other land uses sometimes creates many environmental problems such as degradation of land quality and disturbance of natural balance. The increasing need for and competition in land use for regional development in Manokwari Regency requires careful thought in making decisions about the most beneficial use of limited land resources. Land Capability Classification is directed to determine the potential of land for broad land use based on suitable methods of use. The research variables used are nine Land Capability Units (LCU), namely LCU Morphology, LCU Slope Stability, LCU for Foundation Stability, LCU Water Availability, LCU Ease of Doing, LCU Against Erosion, LCU for Waste Disposal, LCU for Drainage and LCU for Natural Disasters. All LCU are analyzed using input in the form of factors limiting land capability consisting of maps of elevation, slope, soil type, rainfall, watershed, geology, natural disasters, and land use. The analysis produces an output in the form of a land capability classification map from the results of the digital spatial analysis process using a Geographical Information System (GIS).
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Muntohar, Agus S., Gayuh Aji Prasetyaningtiyas, and Rokhmat Hidayat. "The Spatial Model using TRIGRS to determine Rainfall-Induced Landslides in Banjarnegara, Central Java, Indonesia." Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum 7, no. 3 (August 31, 2021): 289. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jcef.55282.
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Severe landslides followed by debris flow were recorded to have occurred on 12 December 2014 and discovered to have ruined infrastructures and buried hundreds of peoples in Karangkobar subdistrict of Banjarnegara district, Central Java. There was, however, a high rainfall of up to 200 mm per day for two days before the disaster. Therefore, this research was conducted to predict and assess the landslide area using Transient Rainfall Infiltration and Grid-Based Regional Slope-Stability (TRIGRS) version 2.0 model to calculate the pore water pressure and safety factor (FS) during rainfall infiltration. The TRIGRS model focused on spatial analysis. The data used as input for this analysis include the DEM, geological and geotechnical properties, infiltration variables, and rainfall intensity. Meanwhile, the FS value was observed to be lowest at the initial condition before rainfall infiltration by ranging between 1 and 1.2 and distributed at the steep slope area near Jemblung. The results were validated through the back analysis of a reference landslide event and the instability in the area was confirmed to be initiated in the 3 three hours of rainfall while the hazards area occurs majorly at the steep slopes with slope angles greater than 30o after 24 hours. The simulation results showed the steep slope area with an inclination angle greater than 30o is susceptible to failure during the rainfall infiltration due to FS < 1.2 while some locations with steep slopes were likely not to fail as indicated by FS >1.2. This study generally concluded that the TRIGRS was able to predict the location of the failure when compared with the results from the field observation of the landslide occurrences.
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Zhang, Juanjuan, Haijun Qiu, Bingzhe Tang, Dongdong Yang, Ya Liu, Zijing Liu, Bingfeng Ye, Wenqi Zhou, and Yaru Zhu. "Accelerating Effect of Vegetation on the Instability of Rainfall-Induced Shallow Landslides." Remote Sensing 14, no. 22 (November 13, 2022): 5743. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14225743.
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Rainfall-induced shallow landslides are widespread throughout the world, and vegetation is frequently utilized to control them. However, in recent years, shallow landslides have continued to frequently occur during the rainy season on the vegetated slopes of the Loess Plateau in China. To better probe this phenomenon, we considered vegetation cover in the sensitivity analysis of landslide hazards and used the transient rainfall infiltration and grid-based regional slope stability (TRIGRS) model to quantitatively describe the impacts of different types of vegetation cover on slope stability. Based on the rainfall information for landslide events, the spatiotemporal distributions of the pore water pressure and the factor of safety of the vegetated slopes were inverted under the driving changes in the soil properties under different vegetation types, and the average prediction accuracy reached 79.88%. It was found that there was a strong positive correlation between the cumulative precipitation and the proportion of landslide-prone areas in woodland covered by tall trees, grassland covered by shrubs and grasses, and cultivated land. The highest landslide susceptibility, which has the greatest potential to hasten the occurrence of rainfall-induced landslides, is found in woodland with tall trees. Therefore, this paper proposes the promoting relationship between vegetation and landslide erosion, which provides a new scientific perspective on watershed management to prevent shallow landslide disasters and manage and develop watershed vegetation.
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Gong, Qinghua, Jun Wang, Ping Zhou, and Min Guo. "A Regional Landslide Stability Analysis Method under the Combined Impact of Rainfall and Vegetation Roots in South China." Advances in Civil Engineering 2021 (July 19, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5512281.
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The aim of this study was to develop a regional landslide stability analysis method considering the combined impact of rainfall and the roots of vegetation in densely vegetated areas. A typical mountainous watershed in the Nanling National Nature Reserve of South China was chosen as the study area. First, the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) method was used to obtain surface element information including topography, vegetation, and landslides. Five main plant species were identified. The RipRoot model was then used to calculate the additional cohesion of these five plant species, and the relationship between the root systems of the different plant species and the soil shear strength was subsequently revealed. Finally, the root cohesion was introduced into the stability index mapping model (SINMAP), and the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) method was used to calculate the accuracy of slope stability when considering only soil cohesion as well as the composite cohesion of both soil and roots. The results showed significant differences in the root cohesion of different plants in the study area and a significant increase in the calculation accuracy (from 90% to 95.6%) when root cohesion was considered in the landslide stability calculation. These study results not only enrich theoretical studies on the impact of vegetation roots on landslide stability but also provide a scientific support for preventing disasters in mountainous landslide-prone areas.
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Matossian, Alice O., Hayk Baghdasaryan Baghdasaryan, Ara Avagyan, Hayk Igityan Igityan, Mikayel Gevorgyan Gevorgyan, and Hans-Balder Havenith. "A New Landslide Inventory for the Armenian Lesser Caucasus: Slope Failure Morphologies and Seismotectonic Influences on Large Landslides." Geosciences 10, no. 3 (March 20, 2020): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences10030111.
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Landslide hazard analyses in Armenia require consideration of the seismotectonic context of the Lesser Caucasus. As it is located near the center of the Arab-Eurasian collision, the Lesser Caucasus is characterized by its complex geology, dense fault network and mountainous relief; it is marked by recent volcanic and seismic activity largely influencing slope stability at different scales. We therefore sought to identify all major landslides in the Armenian Lesser Caucasus and to understand the environmental factors contributing to regional landslide susceptibility. We performed spatial and size-frequency analyses using two landslide catalogues as inputs: “Georisk”, provided by the Georisk Scientific Research Company, and “Matossian”, herein. Our spatial analyses show that landslide susceptibility depends on many factors according to the area considered: near faults, a tectonic influence on slope stability is clearly observable, whereas high concentrations of landslides in northern mountain regions, marked by a wetter climate and far from known active faults, show that climatic factors also strongly contribute to slope-failure potential. The influence of volcanoes and volcanic deposits on the development of mass movements is unclear and requires further analysis. The aforementioned inventories do not include any records of volcanic flank collapses, although we expect at least one case in the eastern Lesser Caucasus.
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Anderson, Kevin K., and Wesley L. Nicholson. "A relative magnitude model for measurements of Soviet underground nuclear explosions from regional stations." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 83, no. 5 (October 1, 1993): 1563–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/bssa0830051563.
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Abstract Recent research has shown the stability of root-mean-square Lg measurements for the accurate estimation of yields of Soviet underground nuclear explosions. Hansen, Ringdal, and Richards (1990) presented log-rms Lg data for 16 well-recorded Soviet underground nuclear explosions from eight seismic stations in Norway, the USSR, and China and a worldwide mb measurement for the same events. These data were analyzed using a relative magnitude model in which the parameters represent relative or normalized versions of the station intercepts, slopes and log-yields from the usual seismic magnitude / yield relationship. These normalized parameters are estimable without yield data and are simple transformations of the actual station intercepts, station slopes, and log-yields. Relative magnitude modeling permits comparisons of the seismic magnitude / yield relationships of the individual stations and the worldwide mb measurements without yield data. The slope at the China Digital Seismograph Network station Hailar was found to be significantly different from that of the other stations in the study. The residual analysis estimated the precision of the log-rms Lg measurements of well-recorded explosions to be 0.0279 in magnitude units, which is in agreement with the findings of Hansen, Ringdal, and Richards (1990).
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Wang, Jun, and Cheng Jun Peng. "Macro-Mechanical Parameters Analysis of Rock Slope Based on the Partition Classification Method." Advanced Materials Research 790 (September 2013): 310–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.790.310.
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Accurate mechanics parameters are the precondition of reasonable calculation in the finite element method to calculate the deformation and stability of the rock mass engineering stability. Partition classification method can be used in the simulation of macro-mechanics parameters of rock mass, for the distribution of multiple sets of multi-level joint fissure in some engineering rock, the parameters of the rock mass can be simulated using the numerical method step by step or by group. Based on the partition classification method, the paper simulated the macro-mechanics parameters of natural slope upstream the left bank toe board of Maerdang hydropower station. The slope is divided into three areas according to the rock types and intensity, weathering degree, fracture, the trend and tendency of the fault, spacing and connected rate of the structure surface, the mechanics parameters of the structure surface, the groundwater conditions, and then use the partition classification method to calculate the region's macro-mechanical parameters, the results can be used to provide amount of reasonable parameters for the stability calculation of the slope in the subsequent deformation.
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Fusco, Francesco, Benjamin Mirus, Rex Baum, Domenico Calcaterra, and Pantaleone De Vita. "Incorporating the Effects of Complex Soil Layering and Thickness Local Variability into Distributed Landslide Susceptibility Assessments." Water 13, no. 5 (March 5, 2021): 713. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13050713.
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Incorporating the influence of soil layering and local variability into the parameterizations of physics-based numerical models for distributed landslide susceptibility assessments remains a challenge. Typical applications employ substantial simplifications including homogeneous soil units and soil-hydraulic properties assigned based only on average textural classifications; the potential impact of these assumptions is usually disregarded. We present a multi-scale approach for parameterizing the distributed Transient Rainfall Infiltration and Grid-Based Regional Slope-Stability (TRIGRS) model that accounts for site-specific spatial variations in both soil thickness and complex layering properties by defining homogeneous soil properties that vary spatially for each model grid cell. These effective properties allow TRIGRS to accurately simulate the timing and distribution of slope failures without any modification of the model structure. We implemented this approach for the carbonate ridge of Sarno Mountains (southern Italy) whose slopes are mantled by complex layered soils of pyroclastic origin. The urbanized foot slopes enveloping these mountains are among the most landslide-prone areas of Italy and have been subjected to repeated occurrences of damaging and deadly rainfall-induced flow-type shallow landslides. At this scope, a primary local-scale application of TRIGRS was calibrated on physics-based rainfall thresholds, previously determined by a coupled VS2D (version 1.3) hydrological modeling and slope stability analysis. Subsequently, by taking into account the spatial distribution of soil thickness and vertical heterogeneity of soil hydrological and mechanical properties, a distributed assessment of landslide hazard was carried out by means of TRIGRS. The combination of these approaches led to the spatial assessment of landslide hazard under different hypothetical rainfall intensities and antecedent hydrological conditions. This approach to parameterizing TRIGRS can be adapted to other spatially variable soil layering and thickness to improve hazard assessments.
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Yunarto, Yunarto. "DEVELOPING OF TRIGRS (TRANSIENT RAINFALL INFILTRATION AND GRID-BASED REGIONAL SLOPE–STABILITY ANALYSIS) INTO TRIGRS MAP FOR LANDSLIDE SUSCEPTIBILITY MAPPING." JURNAL ILMIAH GEOMATIKA 22, no. 1 (May 31, 2016): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.24895/jig.2016.22-1.569.
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<p class="judulabstrakindo">ABSTRACT</p><p>TRIGRS is a modeling program for slope stability against the occurrence of landslide and pore water pressure changes due to infiltration of rainfall. There are two problems in TRIGRS operation. Firstly, whole data must have no mistake before being executed in TRIGRS. Secondly, TRIGRS is not completed by spatial visualization based on Geographic Information System (GIS), so it needs GIS <em>e.g.</em> MapInfo, ArcGIS, and ILWIS to visualize its result. The purpose of this paper is present the result of development of TRIGRS MAP by using integrated mapping technique between MapInfo and Visual Basic. Implementation of TRIGRS MAP for Bandung Regency area has generated a landslide susceptibility map of the area. By using TRIGRS MAP, user can avoid a mistake in data initialization and directly visualize its result as a map. Thus, TRIGRS MAP can be used to process data from other area for creating the landslide susceptibility map more easily and efficiently</p><p> </p>
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Sui, Haoyue, Tianming Su, Ruilin Hu, Dong Wang, and Zhengwei Zheng. "Study on the Risk Assessment Method of Rainfall Landslide." Water 14, no. 22 (November 14, 2022): 3678. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14223678.
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Quantitative risk assessment of landslides has always been the focus and difficulty in the field of landslide research. In this paper, taking Mayang County, Hunan Province as an example, the risk assessment of rainfall-induced landslides was carried out from the regional and individual scales. On the regional scale, the risk factors of geological disasters were analyzed. Based on the slope unit, the risk analysis of slope geological disasters and the vulnerability risk assessment of hazard-bearing bodies were carried out to form the block plan. On an individual scale, based on the analysis of rainfall extreme value, the variation law of landslide seepage field and stability under different rainfall recurrence periods was simulated. Then, the vulnerability of the disaster-bearing body was studied according to the analysis of the impact range and the field investigation. Combined with the evaluation results of landslide hazard and vulnerability of the disaster-bearing body, the life and economic risks under different working conditions were further obtained. Therefore, the research results could provide not only a reference for the risk assessment of rainfall-induced landslides in other regions but also a theoretical basis for the early warning and prediction of landslide disasters.
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Park, D. W., N. V. Nikhil, and S. R. Lee. "Landslide and debris flow susceptibility zonation using TRIGRS for the 2011 Seoul landslide event." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences Discussions 1, no. 3 (June 5, 2013): 2547–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhessd-1-2547-2013.
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Abstract. This paper presents the results from application of a regional, physically-based stability model: Transient Rainfall Infiltration and Grid-based Regional Slope-stability analysis (TRIGRS) for a catchment on Woomyeon Mountain, Seoul, Korea. This model couples an infinite-slope stability analysis with a one-dimensional analytical solution to predict the transient pore pressure response to the infiltration of rainfall. TRIGRS also adopts the Geographic Information Systems (GIS) framework for determining the whole behaviour of a slope. In this paper, we suggest an index for evaluating the results produced by the model. Particular attention is devoted to the prediction of routes of debris flow, using a runoff module. In this context, the paper compares observed landslide and debris flow events with those predicted by the TRIGRS model. The TRIGRS model, originally developed to predict shallow landslides, has been extended in this study for application to debris flows. The results predicted by the TRIGRS model are presented as safety factor (FS) maps corresponding to transient rainfall events, and in terms of debris flow paths using methods proposed by several researchers in hydrology. In order to quantify the accuracy of the model, we proposed an index called LRclass (landslide ratio for each predicted FS class). The LRclass index is mainly applied in regions where the landslide scar area is not well defined (or is unknown), in order to avoid over-estimation of the model results. The use of the TRIGRS routing module was proposed to predict the paths of debris flow, especially in areas where the rheological properties and erosion rates of the materials are difficult to obtain. Although an improvement in accuracy is needed, this module is very useful for preliminary spatiotemporal assessment over wide areas. In summary, the TRIGRS model is a powerful tool of use to decision makers for susceptibility mapping, particularly when linked with various advanced applications using GIS spatial functions.
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Park, D. W., N. V. Nikhil, and S. R. Lee. "Landslide and debris flow susceptibility zonation using TRIGRS for the 2011 Seoul landslide event." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 13, no. 11 (November 14, 2013): 2833–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-13-2833-2013.
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Abstract. This paper presents the results from the application of a regional, physically based stability model: Transient Rainfall Infiltration and Grid-based Regional Slope-stability analysis (TRIGRS) for a region on Woomyeon Mountain, Seoul, South Korea. This model couples an infinite-slope stability analysis with a one-dimensional analytical solution to predict the transient pore pressure response to the infiltration of rainfall. TRIGRS also adopts the geographic information system (GIS) framework for determining the whole behaviour of a slope. In this paper, we suggest an index for evaluating the results produced by the model. Particular attention is devoted to the prediction of routes of debris flow, using a runoff module. In this context, the paper compares observed landslide and debris flow events with those predicted by the TRIGRS model. The TRIGRS model, originally developed to predict shallow landslides, has been extended in this study for application to debris flows. The results predicted by the TRIGRS model are presented as safety factor (FS) maps corresponding to transient rainfall events, and in terms of debris flow paths using methods proposed by several researchers in hydrology. In order to quantify the effectiveness of the model, we proposed an index called LRclass (landslide ratio for each predicted FS class). The LRclass index is mainly applied in regions where the landslide scar area is not well defined (or is unknown), in order to avoid overestimation of the model results. The use of the TRIGRS routing module was proposed to predict the paths of debris flow, especially in areas where the rheological properties and erosion rates of the materials are difficult to obtain. Although an improvement in accuracy is needed, this module is very useful for preliminary spatio-temporal assessment over wide areas. In summary, the TRIGRS model is a powerful tool of use to decision makers for susceptibility mapping, particularly when linked with various advanced applications using GIS spatial functions.
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Rosenberg, Peter, Jacques Provençal, Guy Lefebvre, and J. Jacques Paré. "Influence of the groundwater on the stability of a clay bank in Baie James, Québec." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 22, no. 3 (August 1, 1985): 409–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t85-053.
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The Rivière Broadback in northern Québec flows westward almost parallel to latitude 51 °N to discharge into Baie James at its southern end. Near the estuary the river banks are in clay. Surveys of the landsliding activity showed that many of the slides are superficial, with depths seldom greater than about 2 m, and are usually in the clay crust.Instrumentation revealed regional groundwater pattern close to the river banks that showed areas varying from those with significant underdrainage to those with hydrostatic pressure conditions. The stability of 26 m high river slopes inclined at 27° in an area of underdrainage was investigated.Triaxial testing on undisturbed tube samples was used to obtain the postpeak parameters. Stability analyses gave a factor of safety close to one for shallow failure surfaces. With underdrainage, the factor of safety for deep failure surfaces is appreciably higher. When hydrostatic pore pressure conditions are assumed, analysis gave a factor of safety for deep failure that was reduced by about 30%.The results of the analyses emphasize the relation between the morphology of the landslide activity and the groundwater regime. With underdrainage, effective stresses increase much faster with depth and the critical failure surface is always close to the surface, as confirmed by field observations. Key words: natural slope, clay, pore pressure, field measurements, stability failure surface, failure morphology.
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Olien, William C., David C. Ferree, and Bert L. Bishop. "ANALYSIS OF POTENTIAL AND STABILITY ACROSS ENVIRONMENTS OF NINE APPLE ROOTSTOCKS IN THEIR INFLUENCE ON GROWTH AND YIELD." HortScience 25, no. 9 (September 1990): 1173f—1173. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.25.9.1173f.
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Nine apple rootstocks grafted with `Starkspur Supreme Delicious' were evaluated in 19 states over 9 to 10 years by the NC 140 Regional Project as a randomized complete block with 10 replications in each site. Effects on trunk cross-sectional area (TA), cumulative yield per tree (Yc), and cumulative yield efficiency (YEc=Yc/TA) were evaluated. Rootstock differences in mean potential (mean performance at the mean site) and environmental stability (slope across sites) were compared by analysis of rootstock performance within a site linearly regressed on mean performance of all rootstock in that site. MAC 24 had the highest mean potential of Yc and TA with lowest stability, giving this rootstock the highest Yc and TA in best sites, and lowest in poor sites. M.27 EMLA was the opposite, having low potential and high stability in Yc and TA. In YEc, M.27 EMLA and MAC9 had high potential and low stability, while OAR1, M.7 EMLA, and especially MAC 24 were the opposite. YEc of Ott.3 and M.26 were average in both respects. M.9 had high potential YEc with average stability. M.9 EMLA was unique in having both high potential and high stability of YEc.
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Zhong, Shiyuan, and C. David Whiteman. "Downslope Flows on a Low-Angle Slope and Their Interactions with Valley Inversions. Part II: Numerical Modeling." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 47, no. 7 (July 1, 2008): 2039–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2007jamc1670.1.
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Abstract The characteristics of well-developed downslope winds observed by tethered balloon soundings at multiple locations over a low-angle slope in the Salt Lake Valley are studied using the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS). The model successfully simulated the key properties of the observed wind and temperature structure and evolution and provided insight into the forcing mechanisms. The results show that, although the slope angle is only 1.6°, the buoyancy force associated with the local temperature perturbation caused by nocturnal cooling of the slope surface is capable of producing the unusually strong and deep downslope winds observed by the tethersondes. The hypothesis that the flow is produced locally by the temperature deficit is further confirmed by analysis of the momentum budget that indicates a very small contribution from advection to the downslope mass flux. The analysis also reveals the importance of the along-slope pressure gradient force, which has been neglected by some previous investigators. On an isolated slope, the pressure gradient force, which develops as the downslope-flow layer deepens with downslope distance, is important mostly in the upper part of the downslope wind layer where it counterbalances the buoyancy force. On a slope in a valley, the pressure gradient force interacts with the valley inversion to produce intermittency in the downslope jet and may also significantly slow the flow as the inversion strengthens during the night. The simulations for two different observational nights indicate that the maximum downslope wind speed is sensitive to ambient stability, with near-neutral ambient stability yielding a stronger downslope jet than does a more stable ambient atmosphere. Sensitivity studies suggest that an increase in down-valley winds leads to a decrease in the maximum downslope wind speed and an increase in the thickness of the downslope wind layer. An increase in slope roughness, on the other hand, increases the height of the downslope jet but has little effect on other properties. The downslope wind is stronger over a gentle 1.6° slope than over a much steeper slope of 11°, mainly because of the combination of the stronger buoyancy and weaker pressure gradient over the gentle slope.
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Wei, Fang. "Erratum to “Regional Stability Analysis of Red Clay Slope Based on Different Failure Modes: A Case Study in Taizaifu Area, Fukuoka”." Advances in Civil Engineering 2021 (June 16, 2021): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/7956426.
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Cobos, Guillermo, Miguel Ángel Eguibar, Francisco Javier Torrijo, and Julio Garzón-Roca. "A Case Study of a Large Unstable Mass Stabilization: “El Portalet” Pass at the Central Spanish Pyrenees." Applied Sciences 11, no. 16 (August 4, 2021): 7176. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11167176.
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This case study presents the engineering approach conducted for stabilizing a landslide that occurred at “El Portalet” Pass in the Central Spanish Pyrenees activated due to the construction of a parking lot. Unlike common slope stabilization cases, measures projected here were aimed at slowing and controlling the landslide, and not completely stopping the movement. This decision was taken due to the slow movement of the landslide and the large unstable mass involved. The degree of success of the stabilization measures was assessed by stability analyses and data obtained from different geotechnical investigations and satellite survey techniques such as GB-SAR and DinSAR conducted by different authors in the area under study. The water table was found to be a critical factor in the landslide’s stability, and the tendency of the unstable slope for null movement (total stability) was related to the water table lowering process, which needs more than 10 years to occur due to regional and climatic issues. Results showed a good performance of the stabilization measures to control the landslide, demonstrating the effectiveness of the approach followed, and which became an example of a good response to the classical engineering duality cost–safety.
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Martínez Carvajal, Hernan Eduardo, Edier Vicente Aristizábal Giraldo, and Edwin Fabian Garcia Aristizabal. "A case study on causation of the landslide on 26 October 2016 in the northern Colombian Andes." DYNA 88, no. 216 (February 22, 2021): 22–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/dyna.v88n216.88600.
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This paper presents the results of a technical investigation on the causation of the landslide that occurred in Las Nieves quarry on October 26, 2016 in the municipality of Copacabana, located in the northern part of the Colombian Andes. This landslide caused the highest number of fatalities in Colombia in 2016, totalling 16 deaths. The study included field visits, soil sampling, study of the geology and geomorphology, as well as analysis of rainfall and groundwater flows presented in the area. The information collected in this study is consistent with the hypothesis that the regional groundwater flow which comes from recharge zones, generated an increase in water levels in the landslide zone thus triggering the landslide. Finally, a stability analysis (statistical analysis and sensitivity analysis) was performed using the limit equilibrium method, where the effect of the rise in the ground water table was modelled as the trigger. The results of the stability analysis showed a low safety factor for the slope, even when low water levels were considered.
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Sejati, Andri Estining, and I. Gede Purwana Edi Saputra. "Analysis of Mapping Forest, Settlement, and Rice Field Areas in Konawe Selatan District, Indonesia." Geosfera Indonesia 6, no. 3 (December 20, 2021): 334. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/geosi.v6i3.27484.
Full textAbstract:
The rampant land-use change in Konawe Selatan District and the uncontrolled use leads to disaster and environmental stability effect, consequently, mapping the area function is important for controlling land-use activities to reduce the risk of disaster. Therefore, this study aims to determine the direction, distribution, and effective area of the function of forests, settlements, and rice fields. This study used a regional survey with a quantitative approach. Base map data of administrative, slope class, soil type, rainfall, and land-use obtained from the regional planning agency and SAS Planet were used and analyzed with quantitative descriptive analysis overlayed with scoring. The result showed that the direction of area functions was dominated by limited production forests by 50.05% while the distribution of protected forest function was spread across 14 sub-districts with limited production forests in all sub-districts, production forests in 17 sub-districts, settlements in 21 sub-districts, and rice fields in 9 sub-districts. Furthermore, the effective area shows that all area functions are accordance with the directions, except for rice fields which took over the function of forest while the effective area controlled by the regional planning shows that all area functions need correction following the regulation of the Minister of Agriculture of Indonesia. Areas which do not accordance with the function need to be evaluated, hence, regional planning is required to be revised by the people's representative in Konawe Selatan.
Keywords: Analysis; Forest; Rice field; Settlement; Mapping
Copyright (c) 2021 Geosfera Indonesia and Department of Geography Education, University of Jember
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share A like 4.0 International License
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Raia, S., M. Alvioli, M. Rossi, R. L. Baum, J. W. Godt, and F. Guzzetti. "Improving predictive power of physically based rainfall-induced shallow landslide models: a probabilistic approach." Geoscientific Model Development 7, no. 2 (March 25, 2014): 495–514. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-7-495-2014.
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Abstract. Distributed models to forecast the spatial and temporal occurrence of rainfall-induced shallow landslides are based on deterministic laws. These models extend spatially the static stability models adopted in geotechnical engineering, and adopt an infinite-slope geometry to balance the resisting and the driving forces acting on the sliding mass. An infiltration model is used to determine how rainfall changes pore-water conditions, modulating the local stability/instability conditions. A problem with the operation of the existing models lays in the difficulty in obtaining accurate values for the several variables that describe the material properties of the slopes. The problem is particularly severe when the models are applied over large areas, for which sufficient information on the geotechnical and hydrological conditions of the slopes is not generally available. To help solve the problem, we propose a probabilistic Monte Carlo approach to the distributed modeling of rainfall-induced shallow landslides. For this purpose, we have modified the transient rainfall infiltration and grid-based regional slope-stability analysis (TRIGRS) code. The new code (TRIGRS-P) adopts a probabilistic approach to compute, on a cell-by-cell basis, transient pore-pressure changes and related changes in the factor of safety due to rainfall infiltration. Infiltration is modeled using analytical solutions of partial differential equations describing one-dimensional vertical flow in isotropic, homogeneous materials. Both saturated and unsaturated soil conditions can be considered. TRIGRS-P copes with the natural variability inherent to the mechanical and hydrological properties of the slope materials by allowing values of the TRIGRS model input parameters to be sampled randomly from a given probability distribution. The range of variation and the mean value of the parameters can be determined by the usual methods used for preparing the TRIGRS input parameters. The outputs of several model runs obtained varying the input parameters are analyzed statistically, and compared to the original (deterministic) model output. The comparison suggests an improvement of the predictive power of the model of about 10% and 16% in two small test areas, that is, the Frontignano (Italy) and the Mukilteo (USA) areas. We discuss the computational requirements of TRIGRS-P to determine the potential use of the numerical model to forecast the spatial and temporal occurrence of rainfall-induced shallow landslides in very large areas, extending for several hundreds or thousands of square kilometers. Parallel execution of the code using a simple process distribution and the message passing interface (MPI) on multi-processor machines was successful, opening the possibly of testing the use of TRIGRS-P for the operational forecasting of rainfall-induced shallow landslides over large regions.
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Raia, S., M. Alvioli, M. Rossi, R. L. Baum, J. W. Godt, and F. Guzzetti. "Improving predictive power of physically based rainfall-induced shallow landslide models: a probabilistic approach." Geoscientific Model Development Discussions 6, no. 1 (February 21, 2013): 1367–426. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmdd-6-1367-2013.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. Distributed models to forecast the spatial and temporal occurrence of rainfall-induced shallow landslides are deterministic. These models extend spatially the static stability models adopted in geotechnical engineering and adopt an infinite-slope geometry to balance the resisting and the driving forces acting on the sliding mass. An infiltration model is used to determine how rainfall changes pore-water conditions, modulating the local stability/instability conditions. A problem with the existing models is the difficulty in obtaining accurate values for the several variables that describe the material properties of the slopes. The problem is particularly severe when the models are applied over large areas, for which sufficient information on the geotechnical and hydrological conditions of the slopes is not generally available. To help solve the problem, we propose a probabilistic Monte Carlo approach to the distributed modeling of shallow rainfall-induced landslides. For the purpose, we have modified the Transient Rainfall Infiltration and Grid-Based Regional Slope-Stability Analysis (TRIGRS) code. The new code (TRIGRS-P) adopts a stochastic approach to compute, on a cell-by-cell basis, transient pore-pressure changes and related changes in the factor of safety due to rainfall infiltration. Infiltration is modeled using analytical solutions of partial differential equations describing one-dimensional vertical flow in isotropic, homogeneous materials. Both saturated and unsaturated soil conditions can be considered. TRIGRS-P copes with the natural variability inherent to the mechanical and hydrological properties of the slope materials by allowing values of the TRIGRS model input parameters to be sampled randomly from a given probability distribution. The range of variation and the mean value of the parameters can be determined by the usual methods used for preparing the TRIGRS input parameters. The outputs of several model runs obtained varying the input parameters are analyzed statistically, and compared to the original (deterministic) model output. The comparison suggests an improvement of the predictive power of the model of about 10% and 16% in two small test areas, i.e. the Frontignano (Italy) and the Mukilteo (USA) areas, respectively. We discuss the computational requirements of TRIGRS-P to determine the potential use of the numerical model to forecast the spatial and temporal occurrence of rainfall-induced shallow landslides in very large areas, extending for several hundreds or thousands of square kilometers. Parallel execution of the code using a simple process distribution and the Message Passing Interface (MPI) on multi-processor machines was successful, opening the possibly of testing the use of TRIGRS-P for the operational forecasting of rainfall-induced shallow landslides over large regions.
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Liu, Xiangping, Mengying Ran, Huimin Xia, and Mingjun Deng. "Evaluating Vertical Accuracies of Open-Source Digital Elevation Models over Multiple Sites in China Using GPS Control Points." Remote Sensing 14, no. 9 (April 21, 2022): 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14092000.
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Digital elevation models (DEMs) are widely used across a range of fields. Several open-source global DEMs have been released, including the advanced land observing satellite world 3D 30 m DEM (AW3D30DEM), advanced spaceborne thermal emission and reflection radiometer global DEM (ASTER GDEM), shuttle radar topography mission DEM (SRTMDEM), and TerraSAR-X for digital elevation measurement (TanDEM-X). ASTER and SRTM are the most widely used DEMs, while the newer models AW3D30DEM and TanDEM-X are becoming increasingly popular. Many studies have evaluated the qualities of these DEMs; however, few multi-regional studies have been conducted in China. To comprehensively and systematically evaluate the qualities of these DEMs in China, the vertical accuracies of AW3D, ASTER, STRM (all 30 m), and TanDEM-X (90 m) were tested across 16 regions in China. Using high-precision global positioning system control points for reference, error values were determined by subtracting these reference values from corresponding global DEM elevation values. As the study only covered flat areas (slope < 5°), slope was treated as a controlled variable. After assessing the impacts of the slope aspect and land cover type, variations in vertical accuracy were examined with respect to longitude and latitude. Overall, TanDEM-X exhibited the highest stability and accuracy, AW3D30 and SRTM also performed well, while ASTER exhibited the worst accuracy. The DEMs showed relationships with the slope aspect and land cover type, assuming that slope had no influence on vertical accuracy. In general, vertical accuracy in high latitudes was slightly better than that in low latitudes, and no evident variations were observed with respect to longitude. This study is the first to conduct DEM analysis across many regions in China from open sources. Since most of the users rely on public domain DEM datasets, this work contributes to their analysis in academic and engineering fields.
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Chae, B. G., J. H. Lee, H. J. Park, and J. Choi. "A method for predicting the factor of safety of an infinite slope based on the depth ratio of the wetting front induced by rainfall infiltration." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 15, no. 8 (August 18, 2015): 1835–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-15-1835-2015.
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Abstract. Most landslides in Korea are classified as shallow landslides with an average depth of less than 2 m. These shallow landslides are associated with the advance of a wetting front in the unsaturated soil due to rainfall infiltration, which results in an increase in water content and a reduction in the matric suction in the soil. Therefore, this study presents a modified equation of infinite slope stability analysis based on the concept of the saturation depth ratio to analyze the slope stability change associated with the rainfall on a slope. A rainfall infiltration test in unsaturated soil was performed using a column to develop an understanding of the effect of the saturation depth ratio following rainfall infiltration. The results indicated that the rainfall infiltration velocity due to the increase in rainfall in the soil layer was faster when the rainfall intensity increased. In addition, the rainfall infiltration velocity tends to decrease with increases in the unit weight of soil. The proposed model was applied to assess its feasibility and to develop a regional landslide susceptibility map using a geographic information system (GIS). For that purpose, spatial databases for input parameters were constructed and landslide locations were obtained. In order to validate the proposed approach, the results of the proposed approach were compared with the landslide inventory using a ROC (receiver operating characteristics) graph. In addition, the results of the proposed approach were compared with the previous approach used: a steady-state hydrological model. Consequently, the approach proposed in this study displayed satisfactory performance in classifying landslide susceptibility and showed better performance than the steady-state approach.
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Chae, B. G., J. H. Lee, H. J. Park, and J. Choi. "A method for predicting the factor of safety of an infinite slope based on the depth ratio of the wetting front." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences Discussions 3, no. 1 (January 28, 2015): 791–836. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhessd-3-791-2015.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. Most landslides in Korea are classified as shallow landslides with an average depth of less than 2 m. These shallow landslides are associated with the advance of a wetting front in the unsaturated soil due to rainfall infiltration, which results in an increase in water content and a reduction in the matric suction in the soil. Therefore, this study presents a modified equation of infinite slope stability analysis based on the concept of the saturation depth ratio to analyze the slope stability change associated with the rainfall on a slope. A rainfall infiltration test in unsaturated soil was performed using a column to develop an understanding of the effect of the saturation depth ratio following rainfall infiltration. The results indicated that the rainfall infiltration velocity due to the increase in rainfall in the soil layer was faster when the rainfall intensity increased. In addition, the rainfall infiltration velocity tends to decrease with increases in the unit weight of soil. The proposed model was applied to assess its feasibility and to develop a regional landslide susceptibility map using a Geographic Information System (GIS). For that purpose, the spatial databases for input parameters were constructed and landslide locations were obtained. In order to validate the proposed approach, the results of the proposed approach were compared with the landslide inventory using ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristics) graph. In addition, the results of the proposed approach were compared with the previous approach used steady state hydrological model. Consequently, the approach proposed in this study displayed satisfactory performance in classifying landslide susceptibility and showed better performance than the steady state approach.