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1
Levran, Aharon. The Middle East military balance, 1987-1988: A comprehensive data base & in-depth analysis of regional strategic issues. Jerusalem, Israel: Published for the Jaffee Center for Strategic Studies by the Jerusalem Post, 1988.
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2
Pope, Robert S. US interagency regional foreign policy implementation: A survey of current practice and an analysis of options for improvement. Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama: Air University Press, Air Force Research Institute, 2014.
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Makinda, Samuel M. Security in the Horn of Africa: An analysis of post cold-war developments in regional security and emerging strategic issues in Ethiopia, Somalia, Sudan and Djibouti. London: Brassey's for the International Institute for Strategic Studies, 1992.
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Gadzhiev, Nazirhan, Magomed Gazimagomedov, Andrey Doronin, Natal'ya Ivlicheva, Sergey Konovalenko, Sergey Lebedev, Nikolay Pilyugin, et al. Economic security. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1048684.
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The textbook contains 15 topics that reveal the specifics of the discipline Economic security". The systems of quantitative and qualitative indicators for assessing economic security are considered; the methodological principles of assessing financial and monetary policy as a sphere of economic security are studied; the conceptual foundations of the regional economic security program are formed; the theoretical foundations of economic security of enterprises are considered. The main problems of economic security are described in the light of national security issues. Security aspects such as the role of the financial system, foreign economic aspects, social security, and the impact of scientific and technical security on economic security are considered. Special attention is paid to the role of law enforcement agencies in ensuring economic security. Methods of ensuring economic security are described that allow combining the analysis of theoretical positions with real practice and providing a higher level of material assimilation by cadets and students. Meets the requirements of the Federal state educational standard of higher education of the latest generation in the specialty 38.05.01 "Economic security (specialty level)".
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Trades Union Congress. Economic and Social Affairs Department. Britain divided: Insecurity at work : analysis of regional job generation and job security in 1993-4 based on the Labour Force Survey. [U.K.]: TUC Economic and Social Affairs Department, 1995.
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Khabriyeva, Taliya, Igor' Shuvalov, Anatoliy Kapustin, Nelli Bevelikova, Rashad Kurbanov, Olga Shvedkova, Asiya Belyalova, et al. ASEAN is a driving force for regional integration in Asia. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/23222.
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The book introduces the reader to the changing nature of integration processes in Asia under the influence of globalization. The analysis of factors that promote and hinder interaction between the ASEAN countries and non-regional partners of this Association is carried out.
The study describes the dynamic processes of economic integration within the framework of the Russia - ASEAN dialogue partnership and features of cooperation in various areas of legal regulation. The author reveals the mechanisms that influence the formation of a region-wide free trade zone for the ASEAN member States, and makes recommendations on priority areas of integration trends in Asia.
Particular attention is paid to the specifics of investment regulation in South-East Asia, harmonization of ASEAN legislation in the field of security, taxation, education, prospects for cooperation and legal mechanisms that ensure the implementation of further cooperation programs developed by the ASEAN member States.
For researchers, representatives of public authorities, as well as for anyone interested in the dynamics of integration processes in the Asia-Pacific region.
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Leonardi, Laura, ed. Flessicurezza/Flexiseguridad. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6655-097-6.
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The strategy of flexicurity was adopted as a model by the European Union and proposed to all the Member States as a solution for addressing the challenges connected with the competitiveness and instability of the markets, with a view to enhancing employment levels and maintaining social cohesion. The various contributions in this book analyse the concept of flexicurity and its effective feasibility in different institutional contexts, in particular Italy and Spain and – at regional level – in Tuscany and Catalonia. The consequence of the variety of employment and social security models is that the meanings and manifestations of flexicurity are highly divergent, even in cases as analogous as Spain and Italy, since the different contexts generate significant differences. The overall analysis demonstrates that the forms of regulation and organisation of the social institutions, and their complementary nature, have a major impact on the relations between forms of flexibility and security, and do not always give rise to the virtuous process of flexicurity.
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1940-, Bühl Hartmut, and Quaden 1944-, eds. Sicherheit und Frieden: Handbuch der weltweiten sicherheitspolitischen Verflechtungen : Militärbündnisse, Rüstungen, Strategien : Analysen zu den globalen und regionalen Bedingungen unserer Sicherheit. 2nd ed. Herford: Mittler, 1985.
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Lobanov, Aleksey. Medical and biological bases of safety. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1439619.
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The textbook considers the subject and tasks of the discipline, highlights the medical and biological foundations of ensuring human security in the conditions of natural, man-made and biological-social emergencies, as well as when using modern weapons of destruction by a probable enemy.
Briefly, but quite informative, the structure of the human body and the basics of its functioning are described. The specificity and mechanism of the toxic effect of harmful substances on a person, the energy effect and the combined effect of the main damaging factors of the sources of emergency situations of peacetime and wartime are shown. The article highlights the medical and biological aspects of ensuring the safe life of people in adverse environmental conditions, including in regions with hot and cold climates (the Arctic). The methods of forecasting and assessing the medical situation in emergency zones and lesions are presented.
The means and methods of medical and biological protection and first aid to the affected are shown. The main tasks and organizational structure of formations and institutions of the medical rescue service of the GO, the All-Russian Service of Disaster Medicine and medical formations of the EMERCOM of Russia are considered. Organizational issues of medical and biological protection in emergency situations are highlighted. The features of the organization of medical support for those affected by terrorist attacks are considered.
It is intended for students and cadets of educational institutions of higher education studying under the bachelor's degree program in the following areas of training: "Technosphere security", "Infocommunication technologies and communication systems", "Information systems and technologies", "State and municipal management", "Economics", "Mechatronics and robotics", "Operation of transport and technological machines and complexes", "Informatics and computer engineering", "Air Navigation", "System analysis and management". It can also be useful for researchers and a wide range of specialists engaged in practical work on planning and organizing medical and biological protection of the population.
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Institute for Security Studies (Other Contributor), ed. Prospects for a Security Community in Southern Africa: An Analysis of Regional Security in the Southern African Development Community. Institute for Security Studies, 2005.
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Davis, William A. Regional Security and Anti-Tactical Ballistic Missiles: Political and Technical Issues (Special Report (Institute for Foreign Policy Analysis)). Institute for Foreign Policy Analysis, Inc., 1987.
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Future Indonesia-East Timor Relations: An Analysis of the Regional Security Practices in the Cold War and After. Storming Media, 2001.
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Davis, William A. Regional Security and Anti-Tactical Ballistic Missiles: Political and Technical Issues (Special Report (Institute for Foreign Policy Analysis)). Institute for Foreign Policy Analysis, Inc., 1987.
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14
Rees, G. Wynn, Stuart Croft, Mark Webber, and John Redmond. The Enlargement of Europe (Political Analysis). Manchester University Press, 1999.
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Rees, G. Wyn, Stuart Croft, Mark Webber, and John Redmond. The Enlargement of Europe (Political Analysis). Manchester University Press, 1999.
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16
Solingen, Etel, and Wilfred Wan. Critical Junctures, Developmental Pathways, and Incremental Change in Security Institutions. Edited by Orfeo Fioretos, Tulia G. Falleti, and Adam Sheingate. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199662814.013.33.
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Historical institutionalism as an explicit tradition has largely remained on the sidelines in international security scholarship, with some exceptions. The chapter begins by reviewing the sources of resistance to the tradition in security studies. We then apply its analytical toolbox to two empirical realms at different levels of analysis: divergent regional security paths in East Asia and the Middle East; and the evolution of the nuclear non-proliferation regime. These cases show the utility of historical institutionalism in spanning sub-national, regional and international levels of analysis; its value for examining the role of critical junctures for evolving security arrangements; and its timely applicability beyond topical, geographical, and ontological foci that have been standard fare in security studies.
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Montenegro Velandia, Wilson, Jhon Jaime Arango Benjumea, Jhon Fredy Acevedo Restrepo, Adriana Milena Bermúdez Cardona, Vícthor Manuel Caicedo Valencia, Claudio Marco Cartagena Rendón, Jonathan Guerrero Gutiérrez, et al. Competitividad turística como motor de desarrollo regional. Edited by Wilson Montenegro Velandia. Ediciones Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.16925/9789587601589.
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Tourism growth is a trend in the 21st century. And more for Colombia, which in recent years has undergone a process of social and political transformation, which has strengthened security indicators, so the country has become a very popular international tourist destination. This book presents a competitive development model for the tourism sector in the research and implementation phases. To do this, we expose the case of the southwest of Antioquia. We begin with the analysis of the relevant strategies to achieve the competitiveness of the tourism cluster in this subregion as a development engine. From there, we present conclusions and recommendations that contribute to choosing more efficient strategies to standardize services in productive units that want to act as a network of companies. Also, we show some forms of organization that can make the management of a tourism product, resources, and competitiveness of the subregion more efficient; as well as the aspects that should continue to be strengthened for the construction of a product in this field. The southwest of Antioquia has great potential for its natural and cultural wealth. But it is essential to clearly articulate the different services to create an experience that impacts tourists and makes the territory a truly competitive space.
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Kinsella, David, and Alexander H. Montgomery. Arms Supply and Proliferation Networks. Edited by Jennifer Nicoll Victor, Alexander H. Montgomery, and Mark Lubell. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190228217.013.33.
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Network analyses of global and regional arms flows (including small arms and light weapons, major conventional weapons, and weapons of mass destruction) and related international insecurity and criminality have so far been limited. Yet the literature contains hypotheses that could be explored or tested using network analysis. This chapter discusses supply and demand effects, structural tradeoffs between security and efficiency, pressures to become more or less centralized, and the effects of geography and other network layers. It concludes by reviewing existing data sets and analyses and gauges the potential for network analysis to inform the study of arms transfer networks. Given the general import of these networks for both security studies and policy, there should be a renaissance in the study of arms supply and proliferation networks.
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Balsiger, Jörg, and Stacy D. VanDeveer. Regional Governance and Environmental Problems. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.416.
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Only recently has international environmental politics scholarship focused more explicitly on “regionalism” as a distinct phenomenon, one which has received much more sustained attention among specialists in international security and international political economy. By the early twenty-first century, regional environmental governance had become commonplace. Since the term “region” has had different connotations in different disciplines, the analytic and empirical scope of studies of regional environmental governance has varied considerably. As such, analyses of regional environmental cooperation have incorporated both constructivist views of regions that transcend the nation-state grid, and rescaling arguments placing greater emphasis on subnational governments, transboundary mobilization, and the importance of ecoregional initiatives. Regional agreements increasingly point to some sort of ecoterritoriality, state actors are increasingly complemented by nonstate or substate actors, and the thematic scope increasingly expands beyond purely environmental issues to encompass broader notions of sustainable development. There are three typical types of regional agreements: interstate regional environmental governance, ecoregional environmental governance, and ecoregional sustainable development governance. Interstate regional environmental governance is most typical of regional economic organizations with an environmental mandate that covers single or multiple environmental issues. Meanwhile, ecoregional environmental governance is widely seen in agreements for mountain ranges, regional seas, or river basins. Case studies on marine and mountain regional environmental governance illustrate that various regional arrangement remain in quite different states of institutionalization. Yet they also illustrate the growth of ecoregionalism in transnational environmental governance.
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Johnstone, Ian. When the Security Council is Divided. Edited by Marc Weller. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780199673049.003.0011.
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This chapter examines the scope and limits of the UN Security Council’s competence in dealing with situations requiring the use of force. It discusses the Charter provisions on the delegation of enforcement action to regional organizations or coalitions of the willing, and legal issues that have arisen in practice. It looks at the establishment or authorization of robust peacekeeping missions with some enforcement powers, with both regional organizations and coalitions either occasionally acting on the basis of implicit authorizations to use force or claiming retroactive approval. It analyses three types of case that tend to arise when the Security Council is divided: imprecise authorization, implied mandates, and failure to act due to ‘unreasonable’ exercise of the veto. Although wishing the Council to be clear and consistent, the contestation surrounding these cases is to be expected from a deeply political body and reinforces its value for managing international peace and security.
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Keith, Krause, and Canada. Dept. of Foreign Affairs and International Trade., eds. Military spending and social, economic, and political development: Indicators and regional analyses. [Canada: Dept. of Foreign Affairs and International Trade, 1997.
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Yoshifumi, Tanaka. Part V Regional Perspectives on Global Ocean Governance, 12 The Asian Perspective on Global Ocean Governance. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198824152.003.0012.
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This chapter discusses issues of global ocean governance from an Asian perspective. The Asian Seas regions face four challenges relating to marine pollution, conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity, adverse impacts of climate change upon the oceans, and maritime security. Before analysing these challenges in detail, the chapter considers two paradigms of ocean governance that the international law of the sea attempts to balance: the traditional paradigm based on co-existence of States; and a new paradigm based on notions of inter-dependency between governments, human communities and the natural environment thus requiring new, more co-operative arrangements. It also examines elements of uncertainty in the Asian Seas regions and notes that there is no regional treaty concerning marine environmental protection in those regions.
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Doyle, Timothy, and Dennis Rumley. The Rise and Return of the Indo-Pacific. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198739524.001.0001.
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In the twenty-first century, the Indo-Pacific region has become the new centre of the world. The concept of the ‘Indo-Pacific’’, though still under construction, is a potentially pivotal site, where various institutions and intellectuals of statecraft are seeking common ground on which to anchor new regional coalitions, alliances, and allies to better serve their respective national agendas. This book explores the Indo-Pacific as an ambiguous and hotly contested regional security construction. It critically examines the major drivers behind the revival of classical geopolitical concepts and their deployment through different national lenses. The book also analyses the presence of India and the US in the Indo-Pacific, and the manner in which China has reacted to their positions in the Indo-Pacific to date. It suggests that national constructions of the Indo-Pacific region are more informed by domestic political realities, anti-Chinese bigotries, distinctive properties of twenty-first century US hegemony, and narrow nation-statist sentiments rather than genuine pan-regional aspirations. The book argues that the spouting of contested depictions of the Indo-Pacific region depend on the fixed geostrategic lenses of nation-states, but what is also important is the re-emergence of older ideas—a classical conceptual revival—based on early to mid-twentieth century geopolitical ideas in many of these countries. The book deliberately raises the issue of the sea and constructions of ‘nature’, as these symbols are indispensable parts of many of these Indo-Pacific regional narratives.
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Allan, Tony, Brendan Bromwich, Martin Keulertz, and Anthony Colman, eds. The Oxford Handbook of Food, Water and Society. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190669799.001.0001.
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Society’s greatest use of water is in food production; a fact that puts farmers centre stage in global environmental management. Current management of food value chains, however, is not well set up to enable farmers to undertake their dual role of feeding a growing population and stewarding natural resources. This book considers the interconnected issues of real water in the environment and “virtual water” in food value chains and investigates how society influences both fields. This perspective draws out considerable challenges for food security and for environmental stewardship in the context of ongoing global change. The book also discusses these issues by region and with global overviews of selected commodities. Innovation relevant to the kind of change needed for the current food system to meet future challenges is reviewed in light of the findings of the regional and thematic analysis.
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Sridharan, Eswaran. Rising or Constrained Power? Edited by David M. Malone, C. Raja Mohan, and Srinath Raghavan. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198743538.013.50.
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This chapter analyses India’s prospects as a rising power by asking what kind of power India has the potential to be, given its military, economic, and institutional capacities and the economic and geostrategic constraints it faces. It argues that while sustained high growth is a necessary condition it is not a sufficient condition since economic growth does not necessarily convert smoothly into greater power. Due to such conversion problems India, like some other powers, might not be able to exercise commensurate regional, extra-regional, and global influence as might appear to follow from the revival of sustained high growth and increased economic weight. The more achievable and likely alternative is that of a coalitional or bridging power that can play the role of an effective partner in the security and other spheres to a range of powers, principally to the United States and in the Asia-Pacific and Indian Ocean regions.
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Pannier, Alice. UK–French Defence and Security Cooperation. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198790501.003.0025.
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The expansion and deepening of the UK–French defence partnership that came with the signing of the Lancaster House Treaties of November 2010 is of particular importance for European armed forces. The UK–French agreement concerns Europe’s two main defence players and covers both nuclear and conventional matters. This chapter first analyses the incentives that led to the cooperation treaties being signed in November 2010. It argues that it has four drivers: converging defence policies, economic necessity, the waning of traditional bilateral partnerships, and frustration with regional defence cooperation. Then the chapter assesses the progress made in the different areas of defence: training and interoperability, procurement and industrial integration, cooperation in international crises and participation in military interventions, and nuclear cooperation. The chapter concludes with a study of the challenges faced by the two countries, while also underlining the positive effects of institutionalization on their security partnership.
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Balzacq, Thierry, Peter Dombrowski, and Simon Reich, eds. Comparative Grand Strategy. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198840848.001.0001.
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The study of grand strategy has historically been confined to a few great powers—preponderantly, the United States, China, and Russia. In contrast, this volume introduces readers to the novel field of “comparative grand strategy.” Its co-editors offer a framework that expands the analysis beyond a traditional rationalist approach to incorporate significant cultural factors that influence strategists as they prioritize threats and opportunities in the global system. This framework then combines these factors with domestic political influences often understated or overlooked in the international relations literature. It considers both how grand strategy is actually formulated and the varied instruments used to implement it. Applying this framework, the volume’s remaining contributors then examine how grand strategy is conceived, formulated, and implemented by ten states. These consist of the United Nations G5 members and five other states “pivotal” to global or regional economic development and security. This group is composed of Brazil and India—two regional powers operating in very different security environments—and Iran, Israel, and Saudi Arabia, who confront each other in a truly existential conflict. Departing from a state-based analysis, an eleventh case study examines the European Union—an organization that lacks many of the trappings of a conventional state but which is able to call upon more resources than most. The volume’s concluding chapter points to both the theoretical and empirical areas of convergence and divergence highlighted by these chapters, and the prospective questions for future analysis in the emergent field of comparative grand strategy.
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Robin, Warner. Part V Regional Perspectives on Global Ocean Governance, 15 The Australian and Antarctic Perspective on Global Ocean Governance. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198824152.003.0015.
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This chapter examines issues of global ocean governance in Australia and Antarctica. It first provides an overview of Australia's law and policy framework for ocean governance as well as its maritime jurisdiction before discussing issues regarding management of rights and responsibilities on Australia's extended continental shelf. It then considers Australia's engagement with regional initiatives to conserve and sustainably use marine biodiversity, and the ways it addresses global and regional maritime security. In particular, it analyses the Australian Oceans Policy on maritime security and how it evolved in response to rising instances of ‘people-smuggling’ incidents to establish both national and regional policies against this practice. The chapter goes on to assess ocean governance in Antarctica, focusing on the Antarctic Treaty and the cooperation among its partners in the development of a comprehensive environmental protection regime which applies to marine areas both within and beyond national jurisdiction.
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Davies, Sara E., and Jacqui True, eds. The Oxford Handbook of Women, Peace, and Security. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190638276.001.0001.
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The Oxford Handbook on Women, Peace, and Security examines the significant and evolving international Women, Peace, and Security (WPS) agenda, which scholars and practitioners have together contributed to advancing over almost two decades. Fifteen years since the passage of United Nations Security Council Resolution 1325 (2000), the WPS agenda has never been more salient on the agenda of states and international organizations. The Global Study of 1325 (“Preventing Conflict, Securing Peace”) commissioned by the UN Secretary-General and released in September 2015, however, found that there is a major implementation gap with respect to UNSCR 1325 that accounts for the gaping absence of women’s participation in peace and transitional decision-making processes. With independent, critical, and timely analysis by scholars, advocates, and policymakers across global regions, the Oxford Handbook synthesizes new and enduring knowledge, collectively taking stock of what has been achieved and what remains incomplete and unfinished about the WPS agenda. The handbook charts the collective way forward to increase the impact of WPS research, theory, and practice.
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Moser, Carolyn. Accountability in EU Security and Defence. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198844815.001.0001.
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This book offers the first comprehensive legal analysis and empirical study of accountability concerning the EU’s peacebuilding endeavours—also referred to as civilian crisis management. Since 2003, the EU has launched more than twenty civilian missions under the CSDP in conflict-torn regions in Eastern Europe, the Western Balkan, sub-Saharan Africa, the Middle East, and South East Asia with the aim of restoring stability and security. Mission mandates cover a broad range of multidimensional tasks, such as border monitoring, rule of law support, police training, law enforcement capacity building, and security sector reform. In light of these numbers and tasks and given (recent) alarming insights from practice, it begs the question who is accountable (to whom) for the EU’s manifold extraterritorial peacebuilding activities. With a view to answering this question, this book combines tools of legal scholarship with insights from political science research, both in analytical and conceptual terms. The thorough analysis of the law and practice of political, legal, and administrative accountability in civilian CSDP leads to the following conclusion: when scrutinizing the institutional and procedural framework set out by law, the accountability assessment is sobering, but when approaching it from a practice angle, the verdict is promising—in particular as regards accountability at the EU level.
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Sullivan, Charlotte M. U. S. National Strategy for the Arctic and Analysis of Changes and Issues for the Region. Nova Science Publishers, Incorporated, 2014.
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OSZE-Jahrbuch 2018. Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783748906414.
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As the world’s largest regional organization for security and co-operation, the OSCE also contributes to global security through regional conflict prevention and crisis management. The contributions in the 24th edition of the Yearbook analyse, among other things, the evolution of European security since 1990 and describe current developments and political trends in the shadow of the Ukrainian crisis. The book’s special focus in 2018 is on the Western Balkans/South-Eastern Europe, featuring contributions on Albania’s and Serbia’s prospects of EU accession, the still controversial status of Kosovo, and challenges posed by rising authoritarian tendencies and increasing migration. Other contributions deal with the work of the OSCE’s Special Monitoring Mission to Ukraine, specifically in the human dimension, as well as innovative concepts such as insider mediation and status-neutral approaches to solving protracted conflicts. The Yearbook contains an appendix with facts and figures on the 57 participating States as well as an extensive selected bibliography.
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Wippman, David. Pro-Democratic Intervention. Edited by Marc Weller. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780199673049.003.0037.
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This chapter examines the debates concerning pro-democratic intervention and its implications for the use of force in international relations. It begins by looking at the disagreement over the nature of governmental legitimacy before turning to the legal bases of pro-democratic intervention such as UN Security Council-authorized interventions and interventions by contemporaneous invitation of sitting or recently ousted officials. Interventions by regional organizations and interventions combining two or more of these forms are also discussed. In addition, the chapter considers consent, either by an ousted government or through the use of treaties by regional and sub-regional organizations to authorize military intervention in advance under specified circumstances. Finally, it analyses post-Charter treaties of guarantee and pro-democratic intervention pacts in Africa.
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Teitt, Sarah. Asia Pacific and South Asia. Edited by Alex J. Bellamy and Tim Dunne. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198753841.013.20.
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There is a tendency to view R2P diffusion in the Asia Pacific region as a function of ‘norm containment’, which explains endorsement of R2P as a result of the weakening, deconstruction, or dilution of R2P to render it more compatible with the region’s state-centred security norms and practices. This chapter demonstrates, however, that R2P has diffused in the Asia Pacific region through a dynamic process of negotiation and compromise between international R2P norm advocates and Asia Pacific actors, which has witnessed concession and accommodation on both sides. Through case study analysis of how the governments of Japan and India have engaged with R2P, the chapter argues that the Asia Pacific’s socialization to R2P is most aptly characterized as a balance of R2P norm containment and localization, witnessed in Asia Pacific actors shaping the contours of the R2P norm and accommodating its prescriptions through gradual, incremental normative and institutional change.
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Wiener, Antje, Tanja A. Börzel, and Thomas Risse. European Integration Theory. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hepl/9780198737315.001.0001.
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European Integration Theory provides an overview of the major approaches to European integration, from federalism and neofunctionalism to liberal intergovernmentalism, social constructivism, normative theory, and critical political economy. Each chapter represents a contribution to the ‘mosaic of integration theory’. The contributors reflect on the development, achievements, and problems of their respective approach. In the fully revised and updated third edition, the contributors examine current crises with regard to the economy, migration, and security. Two concluding chapters assess, comparatively, the strengths and weaknesses of each approach, and look at the emerging issues. The third edition includes new contributions on the topics of regional integration, discourse analysis, federalism, and critical political economy.
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Feierstein, Daniel. National Security Doctrine in Latin America. Edited by Donald Bloxham and A. Dirk Moses. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199232116.013.0025.
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During the second half of the twentieth century, large sections of the population were exterminated in various parts of Latin America. Most of these events followed a similar pattern and were the result of what became known as the National Security Doctrine. The practice of systematic annihilation of political enemies in Latin America, which began as early as 1954 with the military coup in Guatemala, continued almost until the beginning of the twenty-first century, spreading throughout practically all of Latin America. This article analyses the general characteristics of these developments, their similarities and differences, and the possible connections between civil wars in the region and processes of mass extermination, taking into account that there were no real wars in many of the territories in which these practices were applied. It examines the cases of Guatemala and Argentina.
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Pierobon, Chiara, Nora Becker, and Steve Schlegel, eds. Central Asia After Three Decades of Independence. Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783748924845.
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On the 30th anniversary of the dissolution of the USSR, this book collects selected contributions which analyse patterns of stability and transformation that characterise the politics and societies of three Central Asian countries—Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan—along with those of Central Asia as a region. In particular, this edited volume investigates gender equality discourses in Uzbekistan, the electoral rights of people with disabilities in Kyrgyzstan, neo-realism in the regional context of Central Asia, the role of Islam in Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan as a provider of international security as well as the EU’s support of civil society and social capital in Kazakhstan. With contributions by Nora Becker, Dr. Shalva Dzebisashvili, Aziz Elmuradov, Prof. Dr. Matthias Kortmann, Dr. Aliia Maralbaeva, Laura Karoline Nette, Dr. Chiara Pierobon and Dr. Steve Schlegel.
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Hedberg, Masha, and Andres Kasekamp. Baltic States. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198790501.003.0012.
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Since the end of the cold war, Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania have been confronted with four major milestones that necessitated the cardinal transformation of their national security and defence policies: the collapse of the Soviet Union, NATO membership, EU accession, and the resurgence of Russia under Putin. This chapter analyses the countries’ responses to these changes and challenges, tracing and explaining the evolution of Estonian, Latvian, and Lithuanian national strategies, military doctrines, and capabilities since 1989. It both provides an analytical overview of how the countries collectively have adjusted to the new regional and international security order, as well as compares the similarities and differences in their security outlooks, postures, and actions, in order to shed light on the degree of convergence and divergence among these three post-communist states.
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Çali, Başak. Influence of the ICCPR in the Middle East. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198825890.003.0007.
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This chapter surveys the legal influence of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) on the domestic laws of States in the Middle East region. It analyses ratification, reservation, and reporting practices, the domestic legal status of the ICCPR, and State responses to the Human Rights Committee’s concluding observations. The chapter argues that the ICCPR’s legal influence in the region is structurally hampered due to its lack of authoritative legal status and the dominance of defensive domestic legalism. A significant gap remains between the HRC’s vision of civil and political rights protection grounded in the entrenchment of liberal, democratic, and multicultural laws and the region’s authoritarian or majoritarian political structures that foreground security and treat non-majority identities as threats. The influence of the ICCPR on domestic laws in the Middle East remains a long-term battle, whereby small gains under limited legal opportunity structures remain the overarching norm.
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Feinberg, Melissa. That Funny Feeling Creeping Up Your Back. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190644611.003.0004.
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This chapter analyzes interviews that the radio stations Radio Free Europe and the Voice of America conducted with refugees from Eastern Europe. It examines how these interviews were used to create knowledge about the region and how refugee stories reflected the paradigms of East European and Western (primarily American) propaganda. This chapter concentrates on the fears refugees had about the Communist security services and their networks of informers. Refugees often made claims about Communist security services that wildly overstated their numbers. These claims then resurfaced in RFE radio broadcasts, further supporting beliefs in Eastern Europe about the omniscience of police informers. This chapter also speculates on the reluctance of Western analysts to consider information that contradicted claims about the ubiquity of police terror in Eastern Europe, even when it came directly from the same refugees.
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Samuels, Richard J. Special Duty. Cornell University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501741586.001.0001.
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The prewar history of the Japanese intelligence community demonstrates how having power over much, but insight into little can have devastating consequences. Its postwar history—one of limited Japanese power despite growing insight—has also been problematic for national security. This book dissects the fascinating history of the intelligence community in Japan. Looking at the impact of shifts in the strategic environment, technological change, and past failures, it probes the reasons why Japan has endured such a roller-coaster ride when it comes to intelligence gathering and analysis, and concludes that the ups and downs of the past century—combined with growing uncertainties in the regional security environment—have convinced Japanese leaders of the critical importance of striking balance between power and insight. Using examples of excessive hubris and debilitating bureaucratic competition before the Asia-Pacific War, the unavoidable dependence on U.S. assets and popular sensitivity to security issues after World War II, and the tardy adoption of image-processing and cyber technologies, the book highlights the century-long history of Japan's struggles to develop a fully functioning and effective intelligence capability, and makes clear that Japanese leaders have begun to reinvent their nation's intelligence community.
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Mukherjee, Rohan. India’s International Development Program. Edited by David M. Malone, C. Raja Mohan, and Srinath Raghavan. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198743538.013.13.
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Unlike many other aspects of its foreign policy, India’s international development program—or foreign aid, for short—displays a fairly stable pattern of continuity since independence. Although largely focused on South Asia, India has always given aid in some form to the rest of the developing world. Contrary to the claims of many analysts and Indian officials, India’s aid giving is neither unique nor uniquely attuned to developing country needs. Indian aid projects have largely served Delhi’s strategic interests, which used to be primarily military or diplomatic and since the 1980s are primarily economic. However, it is unclear to what extent aid has been effective in securing India’s foreign policy interests. In the final analysis, India’s aid program reflects the regional priorities of a rising power that is not yet able to buy the kind of influence it seeks.
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Dosenrode, Søren. Federalism as a Theory of Regional Integration. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228637.013.148.
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Federations have existed in a modern form since the constitution of the United States entered into force in 1789. Riker defines a federation as follows (1975, p. 101) “a political organization in which the activities of government are divided between regional governments and a central government in such a way that each kind of government has some activity on which it makes final decision.” The process of getting to the federation, the integration process, is best described as federalism.There is some agreement on the core of what a federation is, and some disagreement over whether to apply the term “federation” strictly to states and state-like actors or in a broader sense. Federations are concrete ways to organize government, but in many writings, they are also given positive attributes, such as enhanced democracy and efficiency, too.There are two ways to think about federalism: as a politico-ideological theory of action and as an academic theory of regional integration. The first theory is propagated by writers such as Richard Coudenhove-Kalergi, Jean Monnet, and Altiero Spinelli. This theory is of political rather than academic interest. Academic theories of regional integration are divided into two groups, following the common practice in international relations theory: liberal theories (by far the largest group) and realist theories.Federalism theory as a theory of regional integration was abandoned too early because, inter alia, it had been linked to the development of the European Community, which was in crisis from the mid-1970s till the mid-1980s. This was a mistake. Federalism theory provides the scholar with at least two tools. First, under the title “federation,” it introduces a large number of theories, methods, and empirical studies on how to analyze the European Union and other regional integration projects. Second, as a federalism theory, especially in the realist or the Riker-McKayian version, it provides a theory of how countries may unite peacefully. This approach must be developed in terms of (a) the concept of threat, which must be broadened to include economic, social, and cultural elements, and (b) the role of a basic common culture, which primarily facilitates the founding of the federation and constitutes the foundation securing the maintenance of the new federation.A brief analysis of the development of today’s European Union, following the realist approach, demonstrates that, broadly speaking, a correspondence exists between threat and the integration process: In times of threat, the process of integration and federalization advances; in periods of peace and no crisis, the integration process stagnates.
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Susan, Breau. Part 2 The Post-Cold War Era (1990–2000), 43 The ECOWAS Intervention in Sierra Leone—1997–99. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198784357.003.0043.
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This chapter analyses the intervention by the Economic Community of West African state forces, known as ECOMOG, into Sierra Leone from 1997-1999. After a brief review of the very complex facts surrounding this intervention and the generally positive reaction from the international community, this chapter reviews the legal justifications for this intervention and tests them against the jus ad bellum existing at that time. Reasons given were the restoration of a democratically elected government, self-defence, humanitarian intervention, intervention by consent or invitation and retrospective authorisation by the Security Council to a regional peacekeeping operation. None of these are found to have met the tests for legality within jus ad bellum. A final justification argues that this case study is a precedent as an African exception to the prohibition on the use of force with delegation or assumption of powers by an African regional organisation. This would be a troubling challenge to the United Nations Charter regime but might well be part of a larger trend of African use of force initiatives.
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Williams, Paul D. Fighting for Peace in Somalia. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198724544.001.0001.
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Fighting for Peace in Somalia provides the first comprehensive analysis of the African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM), an operation deployed in 2007 to stabilize the country and defend its fledgling government from one of the world’s deadliest militant organizations, Harakat al-Shabaab. The book’s two parts provide a history of the mission from its genesis in an earlier, failed regional initiative in 2005 up to mid-2017, as well as an analysis of the mission’s six most important challenges, namely, logistics, security sector reform, civilian protection, strategic communications, stabilization, and developing a successful exit strategy. These issues are all central to the broader debates about how to design effective peace operations in Africa and beyond. AMISOM was remarkable in several respects: it would become the African Union’s (AU) largest peace operation by a considerable margin, deploying over 22,000 soldiers; it became the longest running mission under AU command and control, outlasting the nearest contender by over seven years; it also became the AU’s most expensive operation, at its peak costing approximately US$1 billion per year; and, sadly, AMISOM became the AU’s deadliest mission. Although often referred to as a peacekeeping operation, AMISOM’s personnel were given a range of daunting tasks that went well beyond the realm of peacekeeping, including VIP protection, war-fighting, counterinsurgency, stabilization, and state-building as well as supporting electoral processes and facilitating humanitarian assistance.
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Bolt, Paul J., and Sharyl N. Cross. China, Russia, and Twenty-First Century Global Geopolitics. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198719519.001.0001.
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This book provides a comprehensive analysis of the Chinese–Russian bilateral relationship, grounded in a historical perspective, and discusses the implications of the partnership between these two major powers for world order and global geopolitics. The volume compares the national worldviews, priorities, and strategic visions for the Chinese and Russian leadership, examining several aspects of the relationship in detail. The energy trade is the most important component of economic ties, although both sides desire to broaden trade and investments. In the military realm, Russia sells advanced arms to China, and the two countries engage in regular joint exercises. Diplomatically, these two Eurasian powers take similar approaches to conflicts in Ukraine and Syria, and also cooperate on non-traditional security issues, including preventing colored revolutions, cyber management, and terrorism. These issue areas illustrate four themes. Russia and China have common interests that cement their partnership, including security, protecting authoritarian institutions, and reshaping aspects of the global order. They are key players challenging the United States and the Western liberal order, influencing not only regional issues, but also international norms and institutions. Nevertheless, Western nations remain important for China and Russia. Both seek better relations with the West, but on the basis of “mutual respect” and “equality.” Lastly, Russia and China have frictions in their relationship, and not all of their interests overlap. While the relationship has grown, particularly since 2014, China and Russia are partners but not allies.
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Cohen, Richard I., ed. David Silberklang, Gates of Tears: The Holocaust in the Lublin District. Jerusalem: Yad Vashem, 2013. 497 pp. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190912628.003.0018.
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This chapter reviews the book Gates of Tears: The Holocaust in the Lublin District (2013), by David Silberklang. Gates of Tears tells the story of the administrative structure of the Lublin district in Poland during the Holocaust. It explores forced population movements during the first year of German occupation, forced labor, resettlements and ghettos during 1940 and 1941, deportations, and the forced labor camps after 1942. Silberklang analyzes the interplay of center and periphery within the Nazi Party apparatus in the development of German policy toward the Jews, refracted through the multiple lenses of the civil administration and the security bureaucracy. The book, based on massive archival research, highlights the importance of regional history and local studies for historians of the Holocaust in Poland.
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Weller, Marc, ed. The Oxford Handbook of the Use of Force in International Law. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780199673049.001.0001.
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This Oxford Handbook is a comprehensive and authoritative study of the modern law on the use of force. Over 50 experts in the field offer a detailed analysis, and to an extent a restatement, of the law in this area. The Handbook reviews the status of the law on the use of force and assesses what changes, if any, have occurred as a result of recent developments. It offers cutting-edge and up-to-date scholarship on all major aspects of the prohibition of the use of force. Part I reviews the history of the subject and its recent challenges, and addresses the major conceptual approaches. Part II covers collective security, in particular the law and practice of the UN organs, and of regional organizations and arrangements. Part III considers the substance of the prohibition of the use of force and the right to self-defence and associated doctrines. Part IV is devoted to armed action undertaken on behalf of peoples and populations, including self-determination conflicts, resistance to armed occupation, and forcible humanitarian and pro-democratic action. The possibility of the revival of classical, expansive justifications for the use of force is addressed in Part V, followed by Part VI which considers new security challenges and the emerging law in relation to them. Part VII ties the key arguments developed in the book into a substantive conclusion. The Handbook is essential reading for scholars and students of international law and the use of force, and legal advisers to both governments and NGOs.
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Joyner, Daniel. The Implications of the Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction for the Prohibition of the Use of Force. Edited by Marc Weller. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780199673049.003.0049.
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This chapter examines the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction (WMD) between states and non-state actors and its implications for international law governing the use of force. It considers whether WMD proliferation and changes in security realities have brought a crisis in international law on the use of force and discusses the use of pre-emptive force for preventing states and non-state actors ‘of concern’ from developing and using WMD. It analyses the shift in the policy positions of the US and other relatively powerful states, from more multilateral and diplomacy-based ‘non-proliferation’ to increased emphasis on proactive and often unilateral or small-coalition-based ‘counterproliferation’. It looks at concerns that several states will be emboldened to apply the doctrine of counterproliferation-oriented pre-emption to their regional conflicts. Finally, it evaluates proposals to reform the provisions and procedures of the UN Charter system for regulating the use of force, including the law on self-defence.
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Freilich, Charles D. Israel’s New Strategic Setting. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190602932.003.0003.
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Chapter 2 analyzes the changes in Israel’s strategic environment in recent decades and presents an overview thereof today. Israel no longer faces existential threats or major conventional ones, the Arab world is in crisis, and the primary threat it now poses stems from its weakness. Peace with Egypt and Jordan is a strategic boon. Conversely, the de facto annexation of the West Bank negates the strategic depth provided by the 1967 borders and incorporates Palestinian terrorism into Israel itself. Acquisition of additional territory has become a liability, and military decision is hard to achieve without it. Hezbollah and Hamas have become significant threats, Iran a major one. The prospects for peace with the Palestinians are meager for now, and it is unclear whether the conflict with them is resolvable. The United States remains the primary player for Israel, but its decreasing regional stature affects its security adversely, as does Russia’s increasing influence.