Relevant bibliographies by topics / Regional-scale 3-D Numerical Modelling

Academic literature on the topic 'Regional-scale 3-D Numerical Modelling'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Regional-scale 3-D Numerical Modelling"

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Ziegler, Moritz O., Oliver Heidbach, John Reinecker, Anna M. Przybycin, and Magdalena Scheck-Wenderoth. "A multi-stage 3-D stress field modelling approach exemplified in the Bavarian Molasse Basin." Solid Earth 7, no. 5 (September 21, 2016): 1365–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/se-7-1365-2016.

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Abstract. The knowledge of the contemporary in situ stress state is a key issue for safe and sustainable subsurface engineering. However, information on the orientation and magnitudes of the stress state is limited and often not available for the areas of interest. Therefore 3-D geomechanical–numerical modelling is used to estimate the in situ stress state and the distance of faults from failure for application in subsurface engineering. The main challenge in this approach is to bridge the gap in scale between the widely scattered data used for calibration of the model and the high resolution in the target area required for the application. We present a multi-stage 3-D geomechanical–numerical approach which provides a state-of-the-art model of the stress field for a reservoir-scale area from widely scattered data records. Therefore, we first use a large-scale regional model which is calibrated by available stress data and provides the full 3-D stress tensor at discrete points in the entire model volume. The modelled stress state is used subsequently for the calibration of a smaller-scale model located within the large-scale model in an area without any observed stress data records. We exemplify this approach with two-stages for the area around Munich in the German Molasse Basin. As an example of application, we estimate the scalar values for slip tendency and fracture potential from the model results as measures for the criticality of fault reactivation in the reservoir-scale model. The modelling results show that variations due to uncertainties in the input data are mainly introduced by the uncertain material properties and missing SHmax magnitude estimates needed for a more reliable model calibration. This leads to the conclusion that at this stage the model's reliability depends only on the amount and quality of available stress information rather than on the modelling technique itself or on local details of the model geometry. Any improvements in modelling and increases in model reliability can only be achieved using more high-quality data for calibration.
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Li, Guodong, Guoding Chen, Pengfeng Li, and Haixiao Jing. "Efficient and Accurate 3-D Numerical Modelling of Landslide Tsunami." Water 11, no. 10 (September 29, 2019): 2033. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11102033.

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High-speed and accurate simulations of landslide-generated tsunamis are of great importance for the understanding of generation and propagation of water waves and for prediction of these natural disasters. A three-dimensional numerical model, based on Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations, is developed to simulate the landslide-generated tsunami. Available experiment data is used to validate the numerical model and to investigate the scale effect of numerical model according to the Froude similarity criterion. Based on grid convergence index (GCI) analysis, fourteen cases are arranged to study the sensitivity of numerical results to mesh resolution. Results show that numerical results are more sensitive to mesh resolution in near field than that in the propagation field. Nonuniform meshes can be used to balance the computational efficiency and accuracy. A mesh generation strategy is proposed and validated, achieving an accurate prediction and nearly 22 times reduction of computational cost. Further, this strategy of mesh generation is applied to simulate the Laxiwa Reservoir landslide tsunami. The results of this study provide an important guide for the establishment of a numerical model of the real-world problem of landslide tsunami.
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Anabor, V., U. Rizza, G. A. Degrazia, and E. de Lima Nascimento. "Numerical modelling of microburst with Large-Eddy Simulation." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 10, no. 10 (October 20, 2010): 24345–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-10-24345-2010.

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Abstract. An isolated and stationary microburst is simulated using a 3-D time-dependent, high resolution Large-Eddy Simulation (LES) model. The microburst downdraft is initiated by specifying a simplified cooling source at the top of the domain near 2 km. The modelled time scale for this damaging wind (30 m/s) is of order of few min with a spatial scale enclosing a region with 500 m radius around the impact point. These features are comparable with results obtained from full-cloud models. The simulated flow shows the principal features observed by Doppler radar and others observational full-scale downburst events. In particular are observed the expansion of the primary and secondary cores, the presence of the ring vortex at the leading edge of the cool outflow, and finally an accelerating outburst of surface winds. This result evidences the capability of LES to reproduce complexes phenomena like a Microburst and indicates the potential of LES for utilization in atmospheric phenomena situated below the storm scale and above the microscale, which generally involves high velocities in a short time scale.
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Louis-Napoléon, Aurélie, Muriel Gerbault, Thomas Bonometti, Cédric Thieulot, Roland Martin, and Olivier Vanderhaeghe. "3-D numerical modelling of crustal polydiapirs with volume-of-fluid methods." Geophysical Journal International 222, no. 1 (March 20, 2020): 474–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggaa141.

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SUMMARY Gravitational instabilities exert a crucial role on the Earth dynamics and in particular on its differentiation. The Earth’s crust can be considered as a multilayered fluid with different densities and viscosities, which may become unstable in particular with variations in temperature. With the specific aim to quantify crustal scale polydiapiric instabilities, we test here two codes, JADIM and OpenFOAM, which use a volume-of-fluid (VOF) method without interface reconstruction, and compare them with the geodynamics community code ASPECT, which uses a tracking algorithm based on compositional fields. The VOF method is well-known to preserve strongly deforming interfaces. Both JADIM and OpenFOAM are first tested against documented two and three-layer Rayleigh–Taylor instability configurations in 2-D and 3-D. 2-D and 3-D results show diapiric growth rates that fit the analytical theory and are found to be slightly more accurate than those obtained with ASPECT. We subsequently compare the results from VOF simulations with previously published Rayleigh–Bénard analogue and numerical experiments. We show that the VOF method is a robust method adapted to the study of diapirism and convection in the Earth’s crust, although it is not computationally as fast as ASPECT. OpenFOAM is found to run faster than, and conserve mass as well as JADIM. Finally, we provide a preliminary application to the polydiapiric dynamics of the orogenic crust of Naxos Island (Greece) at about 16 Myr, and propose a two-stages scenario of convection and diapirism. The timing and dimensions of the modelled gravitational instabilities not only corroborate previous estimates of timing and dimensions associated to the dynamics of this hot crustal domain, but also bring preliminary insight on its rheological and tectonic contexts.
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Leng, K., J. Korenaga, and T. Nissen-Meyer. "3-D scattering of elastic waves by small-scale heterogeneities in the Earth’s mantle." Geophysical Journal International 223, no. 1 (July 8, 2020): 502–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggaa331.

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SUMMARY Small-scale heterogeneities in the Earth’s mantle, the origin of which is likely compositional anomalies, can provide critical clues on the evolution of mantle convection. Seismological investigation of such small-scale heterogeneities can be facilitated by forward modelling of elastic wave scattering at high frequencies, but doing so with conventional 3-D numerical methods has been computationally prohibitive. We develop an efficient approach for computing high-frequency synthetic wavefields originating from small-scale mantle heterogeneities. Our approach delivers the exact elastodynamic wavefield and does not restrict the geometry or physical properties of the local heterogeneity and the background medium. It combines the technique of wavefield injection and a numerical method called AxiSEM3D. Wavefield injection can decompose the total wavefield into an incident and a scattered part. Both these two parts naturally have low azimuthal complexity and can thus be solved efficiently using AxiSEM3D under two different coordinate systems. With modern high-performance computing (on an order of magnitude of 105 CPU-hr), we have achieved a 1 Hz dominant frequency for global-scale problems with strong deep Earth scattering. Compared with previous global injection approaches, ours allows for a 3-D background medium and yields the exact solution without ignoring any higher-order scattering by the background medium. Technically, we develop a traction-free scheme for realizing wavefield injection in a spectral element method, which brings in several flexibilities and simplifies the implementation by avoiding stress or traction computation on the injection boundary. For a spherical heterogeneity in the mid-lower mantle, we compare the 3-D full-wave solution with two approximate ones obtained, respectively, by the perturbation theory and in-plane (axisymmetric) modelling. As a comprehensive application, we study S-wave scattering by a 3-D ultra-low velocity zone, incorporating 3-D crustal structures on the receiver side as part of the background model.
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Lin, X., and Y. Tao. "A numerical modelling study on regional mercury budget for eastern North America." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 3, no. 1 (February 20, 2003): 983–1015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-3-983-2003.

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Abstract. In this study, we have integrated an up-to-date physio-chemical transformation mechanism of Hg into the framework of US EPA's CMAQ model system. In addition, the model adapted detailed calculations of the air-surface exchange for Hg to properly describe Hg re-emissions and dry deposition from and to natural surfaces. The mechanism covers Hg in three categories, elemental Hg (Hg0), reactive gaseous Hg (RGM) and particulate Hg (HgP). With interfacing to MM5 (meteorology processor) and SMOKE (emission processor), we applied the model to a 4-week period in June/July 1995 on a domain covering most of eastern North America. Results indicate that the model simulates reasonably well the levels of total gaseous Hg (TGM) and the specific Hg wet deposition measurements made by the Hg deposition network (MDN). Moreover, results from various scenario runs reveal that the Hg system behaves in a closely linear way in terms of contributions from different source categories, i.e. anthropogenic emissions, natural re-emissions and background. Analyses of the scenario results suggest that 37% of anthropogenically emitted Hg was deposited back in the model domain with 5155.2 kg of anthropogenic Hg moving out of the domain during the simulation period. Overall, the domain served as a source, which supplied a net 461.2 kg of Hg to the global background pool over the period. Our model validation and a sensitivity test further rationalized the rate constant for gaseous oxidation of Hg0 by hydroxyl radical OH used in the global scale modelling study by Bergan and Rodhe (2001). A further laboratory determination of the reaction rate constant, including its temperature dependence, stands as one of the important issues critical to improving our knowledge on the budget and cycling of Hg.
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Lin, X., and Y. Tao. "A numerical modelling study on regional mercury budget for eastern North America." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 3, no. 3 (May 26, 2003): 535–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-3-535-2003.

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Abstract. In this study, we have integrated an up-to-date physio-chemical transformation mechanism of Hg into the framework of US EPA's CMAQ model system. In addition, the model adapted detailed calculations of the air-surface exchange for Hg to properly describe Hg re-emissions and dry deposition from and to natural surfaces. The mechanism covers Hg in three categories, elemental Hg (Hg0), reactive gaseous Hg (RGM) and particulate Hg (HgP). With interfacing to MM5 (meteorology processor) and SMOKE (emission processor), we applied the model to a 4-week period in June/July 1995 on a domain covering most of eastern North America. Results indicate that the model simulates reasonably well the levels of total gaseous Hg (TGM) and the specific Hg wet deposition measurements made by the Hg deposition network (MDN). Moreover, results from various scenario runs reveal that the Hg system behaves in a closely linear way in terms of contributions from different source categories, i.e. anthropogenic emissions, natural re-emissions and background. Analyses of the scenario results suggest that 37% of anthropogenically emitted Hg was deposited back in the model domain with 5155 kg of anthropogenic Hg moving out of the domain during the simulation period. Overall, the domain served as a net source, which supplied ~a half ton of Hg to the global background pool over the period. Our model validation and a sensitivity test further rationalized the rate constant for gaseous oxidation of Hg0 by hydroxyl radical OH used in the global scale modelling study by Bergan and Rodhe (2001). A further laboratory determination of the reaction rate constant, including its temperature dependence, stands as one of the important issues critical to improving our knowledge on the budget and cycling of Hg.
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Mensah, Victor, and Arturo Hidalgo. "Modelling the effects of diffusive-viscous waves in a 3-D fluid-saturated media using two numerical approaches." Geophysical Journal International 224, no. 2 (September 24, 2020): 1443–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggaa457.

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SUMMARY The accurate numerical modelling of 3-D seismic wave propagation is essential in understanding details to seismic wavefields which are, observed on regional and global scales on the Earth’s surface. The diffusive-viscous wave (DVW) equation was proposed to study the connection between fluid saturation and frequency dependence of reflections and to characterize the attenuation property of the seismic wave in a fluid-saturated medium. The attenuation of DVW is primarily described by the active attenuation parameters (AAP) in the equation. It is, therefore, imperative to acquire these parameters and to additionally specify the characteristics of the DVW. In this paper, quality factor, Q is used to obtain the AAP, and they are compared to those of the visco-acoustic wave. We further derive the 3-D numerical schemes based on a second order accurate finite-volume scheme with a second order Runge–Kutta approximation for the time discretization and a fourth order accurate finite-difference scheme with a fourth order Runge–Kutta approximation for the time discretization. We then simulate the propagation of seismic waves in a 3-D fluid-saturated medium based on the derived schemes. The numerical results indicate stronger attenuation when compared to the visco-acoustic case.
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Fischer, K., and A. Henk. "3-D geomechanical modelling of a gas reservoir in the North German Basin: workflow for model building and calibration." Solid Earth Discussions 5, no. 1 (June 7, 2013): 767–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/sed-5-767-2013.

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Abstract. The optimal use of conventional and unconventional hydrocarbon reservoirs depends, amongst others, on the local tectonic stress field. For example, wellbore stability, orientation of hydraulically induced fractures and – especially in fractured reservoirs – permeability anisotropies are controlled by the recent in situ stresses. Faults and lithological changes can lead to stress perturbations and produce local stresses that can significantly deviate from the regional stress field. Geomechanical reservoir models aim for a robust, ideally "pre-drilling" prediction of the local variations in stress magnitude and orientation. This requires a~numerical modelling approach that is capable to incorporate the specific geometry and mechanical properties of the subsurface reservoir. The workflow presented in this paper can be used to build 3-D geomechanical models based on the Finite Element Method (FEM) and ranging from field-scale models to smaller, detailed submodels of individual fault blocks. The approach is successfully applied to an intensively faulted gas reservoir in the North German Basin. The in situ stresses predicted by the geomechanical FE model were calibrated against stress data actually observed, e.g. borehole breakouts and extended leak-off tests. Such a validated model can provide insights into the stress perturbations in the inter-well space and undrilled parts of the reservoir. In addition, the tendency of the existing fault network to slip or dilate in the present-day stress regime can be addressed.
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Arasa, R., M. R. Soler, and M. Olid. "Evaluating the Performance of a Regional-Scale Photochemical Modelling System: Part I—Ozone Predictions." ISRN Meteorology 2012 (November 29, 2012): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/860234.

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We present a detailed evaluation of the seasonal performance of the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) modelling system and the PSU/NCAR meteorological model coupled to a new Numerical Emission Model for Air Quality (MNEQA). The combined system simulates air quality at a fine resolution (3 km as horizontal resolution and 1 h as temporal resolution) in north-eastern Spain, where problems of ozone pollution are frequent. An extensive database compiled over two periods, from May to September 2009 and 2010, is used to evaluate meteorological simulations and chemical outputs. Our results indicate that the model accurately reproduces hourly and 1-h and 8-h maximum ozone surface concentrations measured at the air quality stations, as statistical values fall within the EPA and EU recommendations. However, to further improve forecast accuracy, three simple bias-adjustment techniques—mean subtraction (MS), ratio adjustment (RA), and hybrid forecast (HF)—based on 10 days of available comparisons are applied. The results show that the MS technique performed better than RA or HF, although all the bias-adjustment techniques significantly reduce the systematic errors in ozone forecasts.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Regional-scale 3-D Numerical Modelling"

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Helfen, Cécile Eliane [Verfasser]. "Numerical multi-scale modelling of composite plates / Cécile Eliane Helfen." Aachen : Shaker, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1051574706/34.

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Helfen, Cécile Eliane [Verfasser], and Stefan [Akademischer Betreuer] Diebels. "Numerical multi-scale modelling of composite plates / Cécile Eliane Helfen. Betreuer: Stefan Diebels." Saarbrücken : Saarländische Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1052782361/34.

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Szarawarska, Ewa. "Origin of large-scale sandstone intrusions : insights from subsurface case studies and numerical modelling." Thesis, Available from the University of Aberdeen Library and Historic Collections Digital Resources, 2009. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?application=DIGITOOL-3&owner=resourcediscovery&custom_att_2=simple_viewer&pid=53388.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Aberdeen University, 2009.
With: 3D seismic characterization of large-scale sandstone intrusions in the lower Paleogene of the North Sea: completely injected vs in situ remobilized saucer-shaped sand bodies /E. Szarawarska ...et al. In review, Basin Research. Special Issue. Includes bibliographical references.
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Peters, Andreas [Verfasser], and Moctar Bettar Ould [Akademischer Betreuer] el. "Numerical Modelling and Prediction of Cavitation Erosion Using Euler-Euler and Multi-Scale Euler-Lagrange Methods / Andreas Peters ; Betreuer: Bettar Ould el Moctar." Duisburg, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1203066783/34.

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Nixdorf, Erik [Verfasser], Olaf [Akademischer Betreuer] Kolditz, Olaf [Gutachter] Kolditz, Marc [Gutachter] Walther, and Beidou [Gutachter] Xi. "Combining measurements, remote sensing and numerical modelling to assess multi-scale flow dynamics in groundwater-dependent environmental systems / Erik Nixdorf ; Gutachter: Olaf Kolditz, Marc Walther, Beidou Xi ; Betreuer: Olaf Kolditz." Dresden : Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1160875537/34.

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Books on the topic "Regional-scale 3-D Numerical Modelling"

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Zeitlin, Vladimir. Geophysical Fluid Dynamics. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198804338.001.0001.

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The book explains the key notions and fundamental processes in the dynamics of the fluid envelopes of the Earth (transposable to other planets), and methods of their analysis, from the unifying viewpoint of rotating shallow-water model (RSW). The model, in its one- or two-layer versions, plays a distinguished role in geophysical fluid dynamics, having been used for around a century for conceptual understanding of various phenomena, for elaboration of approaches and methods, to be applied later in more complete models, for development and testing of numerical codes and schemes of data assimilations, and many other purposes. Principles of modelling of large-scale atmospheric and oceanic flows, and corresponding approximations, are explained and it is shown how single- and multi-layer versions of RSW arise from the primitive equations by vertical averaging, and how further time-averaging produces celebrated quasi-geostrophic reductions of the model. Key concepts of geophysical fluid dynamics are exposed and interpreted in RSW terms, and fundamentals of vortex and wave dynamics are explained in Part 1 of the book, which is supplied with exercises and can be used as a textbook. Solutions of the problems are available at Editorial Office by request. In-depth treatment of dynamical processes, with special accent on the primordial process of geostrophic adjustment, on instabilities in geophysical flows, vortex and wave turbulence and on nonlinear wave interactions follows in Part 2. Recently arisen new approaches in, and applications of RSW, including moist-convective processes constitute Part 3.
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Book chapters on the topic "Regional-scale 3-D Numerical Modelling"

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Pollitz, Fred F. "Regional Seismic Wavefield Computation on a 3-D Heterogeneous Earth Model by Means of Coupled Traveling Wave Synthesis." In Earthquake Processes: Physical Modelling, Numerical Simulation and Data Analysis Part I, 2085–112. Basel: Birkhäuser Basel, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-8203-3_12.

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Tucciarone, Francesco L., Etienne Mémin, and Long Li. "Primitive Equations Under Location Uncertainty: Analytical Description and Model Development." In Mathematics of Planet Earth, 287–300. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-18988-3_18.

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AbstractResolving numerically all the scale interactions of ocean dynamics in a high resolution realistic configuration is today far beyond reach, and only large scale representations can be afforded. In this work, we study a stochastic parameterization of the ocean primitive equations derived within the modelling under location uncertainty framework. First numerical assessments built with the NEMO core’s code are provided for a double-gyres configuration.
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Nader, Fadi Henri. "Numerical Modelling of Diagenesis." In Multi-scale Quantitative Diagenesis and Impacts on Heterogeneity of Carbonate Reservoir Rocks, 71–125. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46445-9_4.

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Mitkova, Teodora, and Lutz Tobiska. "Numerical Modelling of the Flow in Magnetic Liquid Seals." In Large-Scale Scientific Computing, 378–86. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45346-6_40.

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Gargett, Ann E. "Parameterizing the Effects of Small-Scale Mixing in Large-Scale Numerical Models." In Modelling Oceanic Climate Interactions, 185–204. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-84975-6_5.

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Barros, A. P., A. H. M. ter Hofstede, and H. A. Proper. "Towards real-scale business transaction workflow modelling." In Notes on Numerical Fluid Mechanics and Multidisciplinary Design, 437–50. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-63107-0_31.

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Wiechert, Lena, Andrew Comerford, Sophie Rausch, and Wolfgang A. Wall. "Advanced Multi-scale Modelling of the Respiratory System." In Notes on Numerical Fluid Mechanics and Multidisciplinary Design, 1–32. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-20326-8_1.

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Dougier, Nathanael, Pierre Garambois, Julien Gomand, and Lionel Roucoules. "Systemic Approach for Local Energy Mix Assessment." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 143–48. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70566-4_23.

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AbstractWhereas energy mainly comes from main national power plants, distributed energy resources and storage technologies would allow local territories to choose their energy sources and increase their autonomy. This paper presents a decision-support tool that propose to find new system architecture based compromises between economic, technical and environmental objectives. Based on a systemic approach, it takes into account a broad range of technologies and assesses multi-scale territories thanks to a physical modelling. Numerical simulations show the influence of different parameters on the ability of a system to balance power demand.
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Wetzel, Tim, and Claus Wagner. "Subgrid Scale Modelling of Relaminarization Effects in a Differentially Heated Channel." In Notes on Numerical Fluid Mechanics and Multidisciplinary Design, 499–508. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64519-3_45.

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Xia, Meng Fen, Yu Jie Wei, Fu Jiu Ke, and Yi Long Bai. "Critical Sensitivity and Trans-scale Fluctuations in Catastrophic Rupture." In Earthquake Processes: Physical Modelling, Numerical Simulation and Data Analysis Part II, 2491–509. Basel: Birkhäuser Basel, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-8197-5_16.

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Conference papers on the topic "Regional-scale 3-D Numerical Modelling"

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Kim, Jihyeon, and Narakorn Srinil. "3-D Numerical Simulations of Subsea Jumper Transporting Intermittent Slug Flows." In ASME 2018 37th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2018-77299.

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Subsea jumper is the steel pipe structure to connect wellhead and subsea facilities such as manifolds or processing units in order to transport the produced multiphase flows. Generally, the jumper consists of a goalpost with two loop structures and a straight pipe between them, carrying the multiphase oil and gas from the producing well. Due to the jumper pipe characteristic geometry and multi-fluid properties, slug flows may take place, creating problematic fluctuating forces causing the jumper oscillations. Severe dynamic fluctuations cause the risk of pipe deformations and resonances resulting from the hydrodynamic momentum/pressure forces which can lead to unstable operating pressure and decreased production rate. Despite the necessity to design subsea jumper with precise prediction on the process condition and the awareness of slug flow risks, it is challenging to experimentally evaluate, identify and improve the modified design in terms of the facility scale, time and cost efficiency. With increasing high computational performance, numerical analysis provides an alternative approach to simulate multiphase flow-induced force effects on the jumper. The present paper discusses the modelling of 3-D flow simulations in a subsea jumper for understanding the development process of internal slug flows causing hydrodynamic forces acting on the pipe walls and bends. Based on the fluctuating pressure calculated by the fluid solver, dynamic responses of the jumper pipe are assessed by a one-way interaction approach to evaluate deformation and stress. A potential resonance is discussed with the jumper modal analysis. Results from the structural response analyses show dominant multi-modal frequencies due to intermittent slug flow frequencies. Numerical results and observed behaviors may be useful for a comparison with other simulation and experiment.
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Nielsen, Ulrik D. "Response-Based Estimation of Sea State Parameters." In ASME 2007 26th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2007-29672.

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Reliable estimation of the on-site sea state parameters is essential to decision support systems for safe navigation of ships. The sea state parameters can be estimated by Bayesian Modelling which uses complex-valued frequency response functions (FRF) to estimate the wave spectrum on the basis of measured ship responses. It is therefore interesting to investigate how the filtering aspect, introduced by FRF, affects the final outcome of the estimation procedures. The paper contains a study based on numerical generated time series, and the study shows that filtering has an influence on the estimations, since high frequency components of the wave excitations are not estimated as accurately as lower frequency components. Moreover, the paper investigates how the final outcome of the Bayesian Modelling is influenced by the accuracy of the FRF. Thus, full-scale data is analysed by use of FRF calculated by a 3-D time domain code and by closed-form (analytical) expressions, respectively. Based on comparisons with wave radar measurements and satellite measurements it is seen that the wave estimations based on closed-form expressions exhibit a reasonable energy content, but the distribution of energy appears to be incorrect.
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Anthony, R. J., J. P. Clark, J. Finnegan, and J. J. Johnson. "3D Heat Transfer Assessment of Full-Scale Inlet Vanes With Surface-Optimized Film Cooling: Part 1 — Experimental Results." In ASME Turbo Expo 2019: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2019-91919.

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Abstract Full-scale annular experimental evaluation of two different high pressure turbine first stage vane cooling designs was carried out using high frequency surface heat-flux measurements in the Turbine Research Facility at the Air Force Research Laboratory. A baseline film cooling geometry was tested simultaneously with a genetically optimized vane aimed to improve efficiency and part life. Part 1 of this two-part paper describes the experimental instrumentation, test facility, and surface heat flux measurements used to evaluate both cooling schemes. Part 2 of this paper describes the result of companion conjugate heat transfer posttest predictions, and gives numerical background on the design and modelling of both film cooling geometries. Time-resolved surface heat flux data is captured at multiple airfoil span and chord locations for each cooling design. Area based assessment of surface flux data verifies the genetic optimization redistributes excessive cooling away from midspan areas to improve efficiency. Results further reveal key discrepancies between design intent and real hardware behavior. Elevated heat flux above intent in some areas led to investigation of backflow margin and unsteady hot gas ingestion at certain film holes. Analysis shows areas toward the vane inner and outer endwalls of the aft pressure side were more sensitive to reduced aft cavity backflow margin. In addition, temporal analysis shows film cooled heat flux having large high frequency fluctuations that can vary across nearly the full range of film cooling effectiveness at some locations. Velocity and acceleration of these large unsteady heat flux events moving near the endwall of the vane pressure side is reported for the first time. The temporal nature of the unsteady 3-D film cooling features are a large factor in determining average local heat flux levels. This study determined this effect to be particularly important in areas on real hardware along the HPT vane pressure side endwalls towards the trailing edge, where numerical assumptions are often challenged. Better understanding of the physics of the highly unsteady 3D film cooled flow features occurring in real hardware is necessary to accurately predict distress progression in localized areas, prevent unforeseen part failures, and enable improvements to turbine engine efficiency. The results of this two-part paper are relevant to engines in extended service today.
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Sui, P. C., N. Djilali, and Qianpu Wang. "A Pore Scale Model for the Transport Phenomena in the Catalyst Layer of a PEM Fuel Cell." In ASME 2008 First International Conference on Micro/Nanoscale Heat Transfer. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/mnht2008-52152.

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In a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), the catalyst layer is a porous medium made of carbon-supported catalysts and solid electrolyte, and has a thickness in the order of 10 μm. Within this layer, complex transport phenomena take place: transport of charged species (H+, electrons and ionic radicals), non-charged species (gaseous H2O, O2, H2, N2 and liquid water) and heat transfer occur in their own pathways. Furthermore, phase change of water and physiochemical/electrochemical reactions also take place on phase boundaries. These transport process take place in an intertwined network of materials having characteristic length scale ranging from nano-meters to micro-meters. The objective of the present study is two-fold, i.e., to develop a rigorous theoretical framework based on which the transport in the micro-structural level can be modelled, and to construct a pore scale model that resolves the geometry of the phases (carbon, ionomer and gas pores) for which direct numerical simulation can be performed. The theoretical framework is developed by employing the volume-averaging techniques for multi-phase porous media. The complete set of the conservation equations for all species in all phases are derived and every interfacial transport is accounted. The problem of model closure on the terms in the transport equations is addressed by the pore-scale model reported in the present study. A 3-D pore-scale model is constructed by a solid model that consists of packing spherical carbon particles and simulated ionomer coating on these carbon aggregates. The index system of the pore-scale model allows easy identification of volumetric pathway, interfaces and triple phase boundaries. The transport of charged and non-charged species is simulated by solving the equations based on first principle in the entire representative element volume (REV) domain. The computational domain contains typically several million cells and a parallelized, iterative solver, GMRES, is employed to solve the coupled transport with complex geometries. Computational results based on the pore-scale model show that the effective transport properties of the species are strongly affected by the micro-structure, e.g. morphology and phase-connectivity. Further simulations and investigation on the coupling effects of the transport are underway. Combination of the proposed theoretical framework and pore-scale model will lay a foundation for the construction of multi-scale modelling of the PEMFC catalyst layer. On the one hand, the pore-scale model helps close the macroscopic volume-averaged equations in the framework. On the other hand, the pore-scale model provides a platform to include microscopic or atomistic simulations.
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Smith, J. Torquil, Eric L. Sonnenthal, and William J. Milliken. "Continuum Modelling of Cyclic Steam Injection in Diatomite." In SPE Western Regional Meeting. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/209331-ms.

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Abstract Objectives/Scope Steam injection in diatomite reservoirs results in permeability changes owing to fracture propagation, and compaction as a result of thermal effects and pressure changes during injection and production. The purpose of this work is to evaluate these coupled thermal, hydrological, and mechanical (THM) processes over several years of cyclic steam injection and production. A single well model in a diatomite reservoir was created to evaluate these processes at a higher resolution near wellbore than used in a 3-D reservoir-scale model. Methods, Procedures, Process Simulations include tensile failure, shear failure with simultaneous shear on multiple planes, coupling of porosity and permeability changes with multiphase flow, and diatomite compaction with temperature and effective stress. Initial isotropic horizontal stresses are 1.0375 of vertical (azimuthal average, part of San Joaquin Valley). Injection interval (437-528 m) pressure is fixed, 6.3 MPa, 930 psi (injection), and ~4 MPa (production), with a soak period between injection and production. Three degree dilation on shearing is assumed. To the extent that fracture opening is tensile, fractures close on fluid pressure drop, but shear components remain. Permeability changes due to mechanical failure are simulated using a cubic law. Results, Observations, Conclusions During injection over multiple cycles, the diatomite surrounding the well is heated to over 250 °C and pressurized by the injected steam. During soak (shut-in) and subsequent production, pressure drops, dropping the boiling point, inducing further vaporization. Geomechanical changes show tensile opening accompanied by a greater amount of shearing. Total shearing increases with each injection cycle, resulting in a greater porosity increase from shearing than tensile opening. Fracture propagation was limited to the diatomite reservoir and did not penetrate the caprock. Novel/Additive Information Inclusion of an empirical effective stress/temperature diatomite compaction law together with porosity and permeability changes due to mechanical failure more closely models the mechanics of cyclic steaming of diatomite.
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Lin, Pandong, Junfeng Nie, and Meidan Liu. "Modelling the Brittle-Ductile Transition Temperature of Irradiated A508-3 Steel With CPFEM." In 2022 29th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone29-90986.

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Abstract Crystal Plasticity Finite Element Model (CPFEM) is the powerful tool to bridge the meso-scale and marco-scale and study the mechanical properties of metals systematically. In this paper, crystal plasticity theory coupling with irradiation effect is proposed. Note that it is based on density of dislocation and irradiation-induced full-absorption and partial-absorption dislocation loop and their interaction between each other. Then the model is numerically implemented in UMAT on ABAQUS platform. Secondly, A508-3 steel, the typical BCC crystal material, has specific brittle-ductile transition. The cleavage failure probability theory model (CFPTM) which assumes that the failure probability of specimen depends on its Cauthy stress filed is presented. The tensile tests for A508-3 steel are simulated by CPFEM in a combination of CFPTM to obtain the brittle-ductile transition temperature (BDTT). Results show that failure probability for specimen increases with increasing strain and decreasing temperature. In terms of BDTT, the numerical and experimental result are in close agreement whether there is under irradiation condition or not. Furthermore, the obvious irradiation embrittlement phenomenon is observed.
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D’souza, Rohann, and Rajnish Sharma. "Numerical Investigation of Flow Through an Ultra-Micro Scale Gas Turbine." In ASME 2017 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2017-70265.

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The ultra-micro scale gas turbine (UMGT) is an ongoing area of research, as an alternate power source for portable electronic devices. To advance our understanding that will help in its development, this paper focuses on a numerical analysis via computational fluid dynamics (CFD) of flow through a 3 dimensional (3D) blade profiled UMGT turbine. CFD modelling was based off an integrated turbine that consists of a volute, nozzle guide vanes (NGV) and rotor. Firstly, the flow through the integrated system as well as each component was analyzed. Secondly, the turbine was simulated under three different isothermal conditions and compared to the adiabatic situation, in order to understand the loss mechanisms. Lastly, the effect of tip clearance was studied, where it was varied between 0–10% of the blade height. CFD results showed, the flow through the turbine was quite well behaved, however separation of flow at the NGV leading edge, and residual swirl at the rotor trailing edge, were observed. The effects of the isothermal wall boundary condition was very pronounced at the volute and NGV, resulting in a large amount of good heat to be conducted away, at the rotor however conduction was only a percentage of the viscous heat generated. Lastly tip clearance proved to have a linearly detrimental effect on power.
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Skauge, Arne, Tormod Skauge, Kenneth Stuart Sorbie, Marcel Justin Bourgeois, and Paulo Lee Kung Caetano Chang. "Impact of Viscous Instabilities on WAG Displacement." In ADIPEC. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/211448-ms.

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Abstract In earlier studies, we have investigated water-oil displacement at adverse mobility ratios, and the impact polymer may have to improve the oil recovery. This paper addresses gas-oil displacement which is inherently an unstable displacement process, due to the low phase viscosity and density of the gas phase. In this work, a systematic study of viscous fingering for gas injection and WAG is performed as a function of rock heterogeneity, viscosity ratio, and density difference. The results of these studies aim to improve the design of gas injection and WAG to optimize sweep and total oil recovery with least possible amount of gas recycling. The numerical modelling has been carried out using commercial reservoir simulators. The methodology for describing viscous fingering is similar to that presented by Sorbie et al. (2020), where a 4-stage approach was proposed; viz. (i) choosing the form of the fractional flow curve, (ii) from fractional flow deriving a set of relative permeability curves which gives the maximum total mobility function, (iii) establishing an appropriate random correlated permeability field and (iv) simulating the process with a sufficiently fine grid. Simulations have been performed with fine grid 2D, using variations in viscosity ratio and phase densities. The impact of heterogeneity has been studied by varying the local distribution of rock permeabilities. Here we use experimental data from different sources to determine WAG parameters. Horizontal gas injection gives viscous fingers, and the unstable flow leads to very early gas breakthrough. We studied the influence of gravity on formation and development of viscous fingers. By combining experimental data with simulations, we show that viscous instability of the gas-liquid front can be captured in simulation models based on relative permeabilities gained from gravity stable core floods. Numerical simulation studies confirm the recommendations and show the benefit of altering the core positioning. The simulation of generic core flow experiments was performed by using mm scale grid cells and heterogeneous permeability fields with rather short correlation lengths. In immiscible gas displacement, the finger pattern appears to be mostly dominated by the viscosity ratio. However, these observations will mainly apply in the viscous limit when the other forces, capillarity and gravity, are small. Trapped gas during WAG injection is found to dampen the gas fingers, even in a 2D cross-sectional case. In a full 3-D case the extent of the three-phase zone adds to the differences between the WAG and gas injection cases. Simulation studies show examples where stabilized flow relative permeability can model unstable displacement in fine grid models. The unstable horizontal oriented flow gives early gas breakthrough and viscous fingers dominate the flow. Shorter WAG cycles seem to be beneficial to optimize oil recovery and reduce gas recycling.
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Venugopal, Vengatesan, and Arne Vögler. "Modelling Wave-Current-Turbulence Interactions for Tidal Energy Applications." In ASME 2020 39th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2020-19298.

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Abstract This paper presents the nature of turbulence parameters produced from 3-dimensional numerical simulations using an ocean scale wave-tidal current model applied to tidal energy sites in the Orkney waters in the United Kingdom. The MIKE 21/3 coupled wave-current model is chosen for this study. The numerical modelling study is conducted in two stages. First, a North Atlantic Ocean large-scale wave model is employed to simulate wave parameters. Spatial and temporal wind speeds extracted from the European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecast (ECMWF) is utilised to drive the North Atlantic wave model. Secondly, the wave parameters produced from the North Atlantic model are used as boundary conditions to run a coupled wave-tidal current model. A turbulence model representing the turbulence and eddy viscosity within the coupled model is chosen and the turbulence kinetic energy (TKE) due to wave-current interactions are computed. The coupled model is calibrated with Acoustic Doppler and Current Profiler (ADCP) measurements deployed close to a tidal energy site in the Inner Sound of the Pentland Firth. The model output parameters such as the current speed, TKE, horizontal and vertical eddy viscosities, significant wave height, peak wave period and wave directions are presented, and, their characteristics are discussed in detail.
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Adam, Rusli Bin, Siti Hasmah Ayub, Huu Nghi Nguyen, Rahim Masoudi, Thanapala Singam Murugesu, Muhammad Hanif Haziq Mohammad, Fauzi Kadir, et al. "Enhancement of a Complex Field's Reservoir Model Through Novel Application of Forward Stratigraphic Modeling." In Offshore Technology Conference Asia. OTC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/31503-ms.

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Abstract The objective of this paper is to demonstrate the success of an alternative numerical modeling approach to build a static model by incorporating Forward Stratigraphic Modelling (FSM) as geological input. This new methodology was performed on a field in the Malay Basin where early production wells indicated the high uncertainty in oil-originally-in-place, facies distribution and reservoir connectivity. For this reason, a new approach was developed for a static model in the area that provides new insights of subsurface reservoirs, de-risking future field assets and mitigates the subsurface uncertainty. Process-based simulations as presented with FSM present realistic scenarios of lithology distribution and vertical barriers that enable advanced subsurface characterization. FSM process built a quantitative method that simulate sediment distribution from regional to reservoir architecture for A field D and E sands. The main parameters for simulation run include regional understanding of sediment sources, in-situ organic sediment production, global sea-level curve enhanced by Milankovitch cycles and main long-term processes that control the subsidence of the area. FSM prediction combined with regional seismic, cores and well log data have provided a robust scenario of reservoir characteristics for static model. The results of the study detailed high-resolution sequence stratigraphy, significant changes in the depositional system and sand accumulation through time. The results of FSM were quality-checked with the A field well dataset for consistency. After performance of sensitivity analysis, the best-matched model was chosen for subsequent static model building process. In generating static depo- and rock type models, the FSM result were compared with the Geostatistical Stochastic Inversion (GSI) for property distribution away from the well control. The result of FSM guided model building showed A field D reservoirs as relatively having better sand quality with good lateral connectivity. A field E sand however is a more complex reservoir with limited areal and vertical connectivity. Overall, the total STOIIP for D reservoirs improved significantly while E reservoirs are comparable with existing model. The dynamic modelling was calibrated to field and wells performance (production history, MDT, DST, etc.) taking into account main remaining uncertainties and risks and evaluation of multiple field development options. With thorough integrated analysis of A field and its surroundings, integrated FSM and GSI derived static model reflects accurate facies distribution of the area compared with conventional workflows. It was used as an aid for Field A development optimization and increased the probability to find good reservoir facies as proven from findings of recently drilled development wells.
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Reports on the topic "Regional-scale 3-D Numerical Modelling"

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Carter, T. R., C. E. Logan, J K Clark, H. A. J. Russell, E. H. Priebe, and S. Sun. A three-dimensional bedrock hydrostratigraphic model of southern Ontario. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/331098.

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A hydrostratigraphic framework has been developed for southern Ontario consisting of 15 hydrostratigraphic units and 3 regional hydrochemical regimes. Using this framework, the 54 layer 3-D lithostratigraphic model has been converted into a 15 layer 3-D hydrostratigraphic model. Layers are expressed as either aquifer or aquitard based principally on hydrogeologic characteristics, in particular the permeability and the occurrence/absence of groundwater when intersected by a water well or petroleum well. Hydrostratigraphic aquifer units are sub-divided into up to three distinct hydrochemical regimes: brines (deep), brackish-saline sulphur water (intermediate), and fresh (shallow). The hydrostratigraphic unit assignment provides a standard nomenclature and definition for regional flow modelling of potable water and deeper fluids. Included in the model are: 1) 3-D hydrostratigraphic units, 2) 3-D hydrochemical fluid zones within aquifers, 3) 3-D representations of oil and natural gas reservoirs which form an integral part of the intermediate to deep groundwater regimes, 4) 3-D fluid level surfaces for deep Cambrian brines, for brines and fresh to sulphurous groundwater in the Guelph Aquifer, and the fresh to sulphurous groundwater of the Bass Islands Aquifer and Lucas-Dundee Aquifer, 5) inferred shallow karst, 6) base of fresh water, 7) Lockport Group TDS, and 8) the 3-D lithostratigraphy. The 3-D hydrostratigraphic model is derived from the lithostratigraphic layers of the published 3-D geological model. It is constructed using Leapfrog Works at 400 m grid scale and is distributed in a proprietary format with free viewer software as well as industry standard formats.
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