Journal articles on the topic 'Regional landscapes'
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1
Coleman, David. "Landscape diversity in Europe: managing regional landscapes." Landscape Research 18, no. 1 (March 1993): 35–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01426399308706386.
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Gábor Kerékgyártó. "Cultural landscape on the border: érmellék." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 49 (November 13, 2012): 197–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/49/2524.
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Cultural landscapes are haunting topic of the european spatial development. Cultural landscapes as cultural heritage determine the local and regional identity. The study shows the role and the significance of the cultural landscape by the help of UNESCO World Heritage Convention, the European Spatial Development Perspective and the European Landscape Convention. The article speaks about how can we maintain and develop cross border landscapes and cultural landscapes and through introducing Érmellék it would like to draw attention to the fact that landscape level planning and development of common landscape politics are one of the main interests of Hungary. That kind of politics play an important role not only in maintaining landscapes but in the regional economic development.
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Yarkov, S. V., T. H. Nazarenko, N. B. Panteleeva, O. V. Bondarenko, and I. M. Varfolomyeyeva. "Kryvyi Rih regional landscape technical system: history of knowledge and specifics of economic development." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1049, no. 1 (June 1, 2022): 012036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1049/1/012036.
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Abstract The article is devoted to the study of Kryvbas – a unique landfill for understanding the structure of landscapes. In the history of studying the nature and landscapes of Kryvbas, the authors have identified two main stages: initial knowledge (ancient times – the first half of the XIX century) the second half of the XIX – beginning of the XXI century), which gave the opportunity for 130 years to form one of the largest not only in Ukraine but also in the world landscape and technical system. The formation of this original landscape-technical system is due to three factors: a) detailed studies of the nature and landscapes of Kryvyi Rih region, b) the richness and diversity of natural resources of the region, c) intensive development. The authors paid special attention to the functional-genetic classification of anthropogenic landscapes of Kryvbas, their characteristics and mapping. The authors note that among the industrial ones, special attention should be paid to mining and industrial landscapes, in particular dumps, which are the most suitable landscape complexes not only for reclamation works, but also for cultivating the entire landscape and technical system of Kryvbas.
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Sokolov, Aleksandr. "Quantitative assessment of landscape representativity of regional protected natural areas." Pskov Journal of Regional Studies 17, no. 4 (2021): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.37490/s221979310017159-7.
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The article proposes a method for quantitative assessment of the representation degree of the region landscape diversity in the system of specially protected natural areas by calculating the landscape representativeness index. It considers such indicators as the ecological state of landscapes, their share in the total area of the region, the share in the protected areas system, the degree of rarity, the minimum recommended share of protected areas in the total area of the territory. Proposed method is suitable for assessing landscape representativeness of protected areas system at various hierarchical levels of landscape organization and their morphological units for territories that are different in size and principles of allocation. The relevance of the study is due to the significant landscape imbalance of most of the modern systems of specially protected areas, when the role of hard-to-reach, less transformed landscapes is significantly increased in their composition and the classification categories of landscapes, significantly transformed by economic activity, are presented in insignificant extent or completely absent. The calculation of the coefficient of landscape representativeness of protected areas for the territory of Belarus and its landscape provinces showed that in general for the country this indicator is quite low, indicating the need to optimize the existing network of protected areas. Poozerye and Polessye landscape provinces are characterized by the highest representation of landscape diversity, and East Belarusian province by the lowest.
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Hynek, Alois. "If Geography, why not Regional?" Geografie 93, no. 2 (1988): 121–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.37040/geografie1988093020121.
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The paper deals with the conception of regional geography based on the knowledge of representation, links with the regional spatial level of the landscape sphere. The problems of formalization, methodology and content are discussed. Georegions, geosystems, and landscapes are considered as key concepts of geography, reflecting the geographical reality, social relevance of geography. Geographical knowledge should be used for a sustainable socioeconomic and ecological development in cultural landscape solving also regional problems.
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Renes, Hans, Csaba Centeri, Alexandra Kruse, and Zdeněk Kučera. "The Future of Traditional Landscapes: Discussions and Visions." Land 8, no. 6 (June 18, 2019): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land8060098.
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At the 2018 meeting of the Permanent European Conference for the Study of the Rural Landscape (PECSRL), that took place in Clermont-Ferrand and Mende in France, the Institute for Research on European Agricultural Landscapes e.V. (EUCALAND) Network organized a session on traditional landscapes. Presentations included in the session discussed the concept of traditional, mostly agricultural, landscapes, their ambiguous nature and connections to contemporary landscape research and practice. Particular attention was given to the connection between traditional landscapes and regional identity, landscape transformation, landscape management, and heritage. A prominent position in the discussions was occupied by the question about the future of traditional or historical landscapes and their potential to trigger regional development. Traditional landscapes are often believed to be rather stable and slowly developing, of premodern origin, and showing unique examples of historical continuity of local landscape forms as well as practices. Although every country has its own traditional landscapes, globally seen, they are considered as being rare; at least in Europe, also as a consequence of uniforming CAP (Common Agricultural Policy) policies over the last five decades. Although such a notion of traditional landscapes may be criticized from different perspectives, the growing number of bottom-up led awareness-raising campaigns and the renaissance of traditional festivities and activities underline that the idea of traditional landscapes still contributes to the formation of present identities. The strongest argument of the growing sector of self-marketing and the increasing demand for high value, regional food is the connection to the land itself: while particular regions and communities are promoting their products and heritages. In this sense, traditional landscapes may be viewed as constructed or invented, their present recognition being a result of particular perceptions and interpretations of local environments and their pasts. Nevertheless, traditional landscapes thus also serve as a facilitator of particular social, cultural, economic, and political intentions and debates. Reflecting on the session content, four aspects should be emphasized. The need for: dynamic landscape histories; participatory approach to landscape management; socioeconomically and ecologically self-sustaining landscapes; planners as intermediaries between development and preservation.
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Chen, Jinwen, Weiran Tian, and Ying Huang. "Construction Strategy of Regional Plant Landscape in Urban Gardens." E3S Web of Conferences 194 (2020): 05036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202019405036.
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By sorting out the problems existing in the construction of plant landscapes in urban gardens, the designer plans tree species, characteristics, spaces, colours, etc. from the perspective of ecosystem balance, applies local rich native plants, and explores the construction strategies of regional plant landscapes in urban gardens. Taking the city of Guilin as an example, the article analyses the construction features of the band green landscape of the two rivers and four lakes scenic spot, summarizes the construction characteristics of the regional plant landscape of Guilin, promotes the construction of an ecological garden city, and meets the people’s beautiful environmental needs.
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Liu, Hong Lin. "Study on Regional Cultural Landscape Classification of Kunming’s Leisure Agricultural Garden." Applied Mechanics and Materials 99-100 (September 2011): 546–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.99-100.546.
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Through investigating the characteristic of regional cultural landscape of leisure agricultural garden around Kunming city, seven landscape types are proposed including rural agriculture landscape, folk customs landscape, village and township landscape, leisure resort landscape, returning to nature landscape. The regional cultural landscapes are analyzed in depth and breadth. The results can provide design ideas for building leisure agricultural garden having regional culture characteristic.
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Martsinkevich, Galina I., Saveli I. Kuzmin, Elena E. Davydik, and Aliaksei V. Babko. "Methodologycal problems and approaches to identifying and evaluating typical and rare landscapes of the Republic of Belarus." Journal of the Belarusian State University. Geography and Geology, no. 2 (December 29, 2020): 34–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.33581/2521-6740-2020-2-34-46.
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The analysis of the studying of the problem of identifying and evaluating of typical and rare landscapes was carried out, which showed that quite a lot of knowledge has been accumulated in this area of the identification of such landscapes and the criteria for their assessment. It is established that insufficient attention is paid to the classification and mapping of landscapes, the use of mathematical methods for their assessment. A scientific concept is proposed for the study of typical and rare landscapes, which contains four levels of their study (country, regional, subregional, local), the scale of work corresponding to the level, landscape classification units, criteria and indicators for their allocation are determined. So, at the country level, the criterion for assessing typical landscapes is the degree of representativeness, depending on bioclimatic factors and the large size of the landscape contour, at the regional (provincial) – the contour size of the dominant landscapes of the province and the index of landscape diversity, at the subregional – the intensity of anthropogenic transformation, at the local – characteristic value of attractiveness. The main criteria for assessing rare landscapes at the country level are the small size of the contour and the criteria of uniqueness, at the regional (provincial) indicator of occurrence, at the subregional – naturalness, at local – vulnerability. A geographic information database has been created, a methodology has been developed for identifying typical and rare landscapes and their typology. An assessment of landscape diversity was made and the map showing that typical landscapes are characterised by a high and medium level of diversity, and rare landscapes are characterised by medium and low was created. An assessment of the occurrence of rare landscapes was carried out, which made it possible to distinguish three groups – low, medium, and high occurrence; their list and a map of occurrence were created. It has been determined that unique landscapes, which are part of a group with low occurrence, require special protection. A direct correlation has been established between the level of landscape diversity and occurrence. The proposed criteria for identifying and assessing typical and rare landscapes can be used in organising or transforming nature protected areas, in the design of their passports and conservation obligations.
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de Jong, Jolanda, and Sven Stremke. "Evolution of Energy Landscapes: A Regional Case Study in the Western Netherlands." Sustainability 12, no. 11 (June 3, 2020): 4554. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12114554.
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While the transition to renewable energy becomes a main driver of landscape change, few publications discuss the historical transformation of landscapes for the development of energy—commonly referred to as energy landscape. The research reported in this paper investigates the evolution of energy landscapes in the Western Netherlands—a region shaped by peat extraction and dotted with windmills. Five periods have been identified, dominated by wood, peat, wind, fossil fuels, and modern renewables, respectively. During each period, the landscape coevolved with the new energy source hosting new energy infrastructure. The sequence of landscape transformations over the past 10 centuries in the Western Netherlands is illustrated by means of historical paintings, photographs and a series of five georeferenced maps. Our systematic analysis confirms the long-lasting and manifold interrelations between energy development and landscape transformation at the brink of another energy transition. This paper presents the first all-encompassing application of the analytical framework for the study of energy landscapes proposed earlier. The three main qualifications—substantive, spatial, and temporal—provided a clear framework for the systematic study of landscape transformations at the regional scale.
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Kruse, Alexandra, and Bernd Paulowitz. "The Hollerroute – landscape awareness as a driving factor in regional development." Tájökológiai Lapok 17, Suppl. 1 (December 29, 2019): 19–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.56617/tl.3568.
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The Holler Landscapes are a European testimony of a marsh and dyke landscape through land reclamation starting in the High Middle Ages. This Dutch originating cope cultivation were found in many places in Europe, but spread particularly in Germany and Poland. These landscapes had, and for most of their part still have in common that they were created by Dutch water experts – most often on demand from local authorities, like archbishops or kings – and are therefore called Holler Colonies. The tangible landscape heritage was often linked to the import of many Dutch society features (e.g. related to laws, habits, equal rights of men and women), making the Holler Colonies a unique document to the intangible heritage as well. Today, the remainders of these landscapes give an important testimony to European economic and social history. These landscapes were predominately shaped during the great clearances in the High Middle Ages, with some of them, in particular Poland, dating from a later period. Of course, not all landscapes and associated traditions have survived until today. Several Holler landscapes have been completely transformed by more recent land reclamation processes or due to abandonment. The examples that still bear the vivid impression of the land transformation are therefore not only a unique but as well rare testimony of tangible and intangible heritage of European history. The article focusses on an awareness raising process that took place in the Altes Land (Lower Saxony, Germany) within the last 15 years: After a difficult beginning, finally the understanding of the historical transformations and of the particularity of this traditional cultural landscape became a trigger towards local and regional development strategies. The awareness on the Dutch landscape heritage lead to an identification process among the inhabitants and last but not least, triggered local development. It helped finally to start the will to sustain the historic regional character, allowing a sustainable economic development, and is accompanied by tourism and awareness building measures. One of them is the “Holler Route” – a project recognized within the European Year of Cultural Heritage, which will develop, among others, teaching materials about Holler Landscapes which will be integrated into the official geography curriculum for schools and will be available at the online-education server (NibiS) of the Federal State of Lower Saxonia.
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Gavrylenko, Olena. "Regional landscape studies for physical planning." Visnyk of the Lviv University. Series Geography, no. 48 (December 23, 2014): 220–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vgg.2014.48.1343.
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The landscape research essence for design and planning purposes is considered. Content and sequence of the research basic stages aimed at achieving the highest possible compliance of the economy sectoral structure with area contemporary landscape structure are substantiated. The main objectives of the research are study of landscape structure projected area, assessment of their anthropogenic transformation degree and degree of favorability for different kinds of human activity. Investigation is fulfilled by development of recommendations for improvement of landscapes’ properties in order to optimize their socio-economic functions performance. Key words: landscape analysis, district planning, regional nature management.
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Williamson, Tom. "Designed Landscapes: The Regional Dimension." Landscapes 5, no. 2 (October 2004): 16–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/lan.2004.5.2.16.
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Kurz, Peter, Gisa Ruland, and Sibylla Zech. "Towards Governance or the Management of Cultural Landscapes." European Spatial Research and Policy 21, no. 2 (January 27, 2015): 67–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/esrp-2015-0005.
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Many (World Heritage) cultural landscapes are a living environment for thousands of inhabitants, visitors, entrepreneurs, farmers and other land users. In order to manage such landscapes we have to consider the legal framework and the reality of the regional planning culture. The ‘landscape of regional players’ consists of a wide range of stakeholders. How should regions tackle natural and cultural heritage as an integrated part of regional development? The discussion of Austria’s Hallstatt-Dachstein / Salzkammergut World Heritage region involves vertical and horizontal dimensions of governance, including politics, administration, private businesses and civil society.
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Du Clos, Brianne, Francis A. Drummond, and Cynthia S. Loftin. "Noncrop Habitat Use by Wild Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) in a Mixed-Use Agricultural Landscape." Environmental Entomology 49, no. 2 (January 22, 2020): 502–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ee/nvaa001.
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Abstract Homogeneous, agriculturally intense landscapes have abundant records of pollinator community research, though similar studies in the forest-dominated, heterogeneous mixed-use landscape that dominates the northeastern United States are sparse. Trends of landscape effects on wild bees are consistent across homogeneous agricultural landscapes, whereas reported studies in the northeastern United States have not found this consistency. Additionally, the role of noncrop habitat in mixed-use landscapes is understudied. We assessed wild bee communities in the mixed-use lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.) production landscape of Maine, United States at 56 sites in eight land cover types across two regional landscapes and analyzed effects of floral resources, landscape pattern, and spatial scale on bee abundance and species richness. Within survey sites, cover types with abundant floral resources, including lowbush blueberry fields and urban areas, promoted wild bee abundance and diversity. Cover types with few floral resources such as coniferous and deciduous/mixed forest reduced bee abundance and species richness. In the surrounding landscape, lowbush blueberry promoted bee abundance and diversity, while emergent wetland and forested land cover strongly decreased these measures. Our analysis of landscape configuration revealed that patch mixing can promote wild bee abundance and diversity; however, this was influenced by strong variation across our study landscape. More surveys at intra-regional scales may lead to better understanding of the influence of mixed-use landscapes on bee communities.
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Tassinari, Patrizia, and Daniele Torreggiani. "Special Issue “Landscape Analysis, Planning and Regional Development”." Sustainability 14, no. 15 (August 4, 2022): 9617. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14159617.
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Landscape analysis and planning have been facing more and more challenging goals with the rapid evolution of socioeconomic and environmental processes, the increasingly strict connections between urban and rural areas and the progressively multifaceted nature of many landscapes, the increasing need of activating virtuous circular processes among the various landscape resources, and the need of more and more integrated policies and plans at the various scales [...]
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Cieszewska, Agata, Maciej Wasilewski, Renata Giedych, and Piotr Wałdykowski. "Priority landscapes in Brudzeń Landscape Park conservation plan." Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW. Land Reclamation 50, no. 4 (December 1, 2018): 339–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sggw-2018-0027.
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Abstract The implementation of the European Landscape Convention in Poland requires the identification and landscape assessment in the form of a landscape audit made for each region (voivodeship), as enshrined in the Act on Spatial Planning and Land Development. The Act assumes that as part of landscape audit within regional parks priority landscapes as well as zones of landscape protection will be indicated. There are methodical tools prepared by the Ministry of the Environment to realize both main landscape audit elements – the instruction and the recommendations. Currently (at the end of 2018) no region of the audit is yet to be found, and the newly adopted conservation plans for regional parks enforce, in accordance with the Nature Conservation Act reference to both priority landscapes and zones. This article presents testing of the methodology proposed by the Ministry of the Environment for determining priority landscapes (the instruction) and landscape protection zones (the recommendations). The reference field was the conservation plan for Brudzeń Landscape Park (BLP) located in the Masovian Voivodeship. An attempt to implement particularly the Instructions and identify priority landscapes in the BLP conservation plan proved to be not fully possible. The analyzes carried out in the BLP call for the opinion that apart from the current landscape, it is necessary to take into account other than land use features of the environment that determine the specificity of the landscape – mainly terrain, additionally the catalog of current types of landscapes should be open. Tools prepared by the Ministry of the Environment – still need to be refined.
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Myga-Piątek, Urszula, and Oimahmad Rahmonov. "Winery regions as the oldest cultural landscapes: remnants, signs, and metamorphoses." Miscellanea Geographica 22, no. 2 (June 30, 2018): 69–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mgrsd-2018-0009.
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Abstract Considering the general typology of landscapes, winery landscapes are a subtype of agricultural landscapes. A winery landscape is an area in which the dominant land use or indigenous vegetation consists of extensive grapevine crops, that is, vineyards and/or areas covered by wild grapevines; where a specific wine culture has evolved, or grapes constitute an important part of the local diet. In this paper, winery landscapes are studied at two levels: typological (as a repeatable, specific type of area with precisely defined characteristic features), and regional (regional areas that are unique and individual). The authors analyze the evolution of winery landscapes over time and describe their natural and historical aspects. A wide range of factors were taken into consideration: historical and political, socio-economic, cultural and religious influences, as well as the natural environmental background. This paper aims to describe the evolution of winery landscapes in Europe and beyond by considering the Mediterranean Basin, Asia Minor, Transcaucasia, and Central Asia.
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Ladik, Elena, and T. Prohorova. "ASSESSMENT OF AESTHETIC ATTRACTIVENESS OF LANDSCAPES WHEN PLANNING OF RECREATION AREAS (Belgorod region as an example)." Technical Aesthetics and Design Research 2, no. 1 (September 26, 2020): 36–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.34031/2687-0878-2020-2-1-36-50.
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The article is focused on studies of domestic and foreign scientists concerning the aesthetic properties of landscapes. Different methodological approaches of analysis and description of the visual quality of landscapes are presented. The world experience in the application of methods to assess the landscape attractiveness of territories when arranging of recreational zones was studied. The analysis of different types of landscapes, their aesthetic advantages and disadvantages, as well as characteristics from the point of view of the arrangements of recreational areas was carried out. The relation between natural features of the area, its aesthetic parameters and the demand degree among vacationers was revealed. The features of the natural framework of the Belgorod region were determined; characteristic of regional landscape features, affecting the emotional perception of landscapes (chalk outcrops, wetlands of riverine lands, etc.) were identified. The assessment of the aesthetic attractiveness of landscapes is carried out using the territories of the Valuysky municipal district as an example. The localization of the areas with the greatest aesthetic attractiveness was determined and the promising territories for the development of recreational zones were identified. The compositional structure of the gully-like landscape was analyzed as one of the characteristic features for this region as a whole. Recommendations on the application of the assessment method for aesthetic of landscape attractiveness, taking into account regional characteristics the Belgorod region as an example were proposed.
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Nadirov, Magir. "ASSESSMENT OF MODERN LANDSCAPE POTENTIAL IN THE CASPIAN COASTAL PLAINS." SCIENTIFIC ISSUES OF TERNOPIL VOLODYMYR HNATIUK NATIONAL PEDAGOGICAL UNIVERSITY. SERIES: GEOGRAPHY 53, no. 2 (November 17, 2022): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.25128/2519-4577.22.2.8.
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The main purpose of the research is to assess the natural landscape reserve potential and to propose measures that reflect the character of the landscape and its regional-ecological importance. The research area is the Caspian coastal plains from the Pirsaat River to the Astara River in Azerbaijan. For the assessment, the landscape potential of the study area was divided into weak, medium, and strong categories according to the criteria. During the assessment, it was revealed that landscapes with a low natural resource potential cover 42% of the area, landscapes with an average natural resource potential - 23%, and landscapes with a strong natural resource potential - 11%. Protected landscapes cover 24% of the study area. Evaluation of the sensitivity of landscapes to technogenic impacts showed that most of the territory (41%) is at a severe ecological level.
Keywords: natural landscape, ecological potential, coastal zone, ecological stress, optimization.
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Michael Stewart, R. "Broadening perspectives on regional quarry-related studies." North American Archaeologist 42, no. 3 (January 5, 2021): 313–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0197693120980545.
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Any productive or technological activity takes place in a social context and is embedded in a history of native practices, perceptions, and use of multiple landscapes. This paper explores topics that supplement and build upon technological and cultural historical approaches to quarry research. Briefly considered are: quarries as common ground and loci of group interaction; a taskscape/landscape approach to quarry selection and history of use; color and the selection of toolstone; and the relationship between settlement patterns, landscape learning, lithic preferences, quarry selection, social memory, and changing lithic technologies.
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Lee, Young-Chang, Hae-Joon Jung, and Keun-Ho Kim. "Analysis of the Characteristics of Stone Signposts in Korean Rural Landscapes." Sustainability 10, no. 9 (September 3, 2018): 3137. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10093137.
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Korean rural landscapes have been influenced by major events in modern Korean history, and have undergone many sociocultural and lifestyle changes. This study examines the characteristics of stone signposts, which physically represent the landscape entrance to Korean rural villages, and provide comprehensive information for the sustainable management of rural landscape elements having heritage value. We conducted field surveys and interviews in 313 rural villages in Korea and cross-tabulated the collected data with five question items. We designed one descriptive variable for the cause, set four question items for dependent variables, and analyzed the relationship among the variables. This study reveals that the installation times of stone signposts are related to the major issues of modern Korean history, and discusses how the signposts evolved into rural landscape elements. In addition, the study reveals that stone signposts can be considered a tactic designed to preserve regional identities in modern society and improve the quality of rural village landscapes. Over time, due to the complex long-term interactions that occurred between the landscape and the sociocultural environment of such regions, stone signposts evolved into elements of cultural heritage and representations of regional knowledge and history. Therefore, in order to improve Korean rural landscapes, their value must be assessed and managed independently based on historical, regional, and landscape considerations.
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Denysyk, Hryhoriy, Volodymyr Kanskyi, Viktoriia Kanska, Bohdan Denysyk, and Mykhailo Vinnytsia. "Anthropogenic landscapes of Ukraine and their reconstruction." Czasopismo Geograficzne 93, no. 3 (November 8, 2022): 417–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.12657/czageo-93-16.
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The aim of the research was to analyze the structure of Ukraine’s anthropogenic landscape and the directions of its development for the purposes of further reconstruction and rational use. The current state of ten types of anthropogenic landscapes was assessed. In the research based on the maps of natural and contemporary landscapes, use was primarily made of historical and archaeological methods, including historical and genetic sequences. The present landscape of Ukraine can be described as the coexistence of three types of landscapes: natural, natural-anthropogenic and anthropogenic. Anthropogenic landscapes which are definitely dominating nowadays, started to be formed in the late Paleolithic. The classification of ten types of anthropogenic landscapes should be improved and supplemented as the new types of anthropogenic landscapes are created, e.g. garden and park landscapes. Anthropogenic landscapes do not exist in isolation, but interact with one another and with natural landscapes. What is particularly noteworthy is the reconstruction of the anthropogenic landscape of the Forest-Field zone. The restoration of landscapes should begin with the creation of an eco-network. The national ecological network is ineffective because it does not take into account anthropogenic landscape changes. The reconstruction of all types of anthropogenic landscapes must allow for their zonal and regional specificity as well as their cultural importance. The cultural landscape will be the basis of the new structure of the national eco-network and will increase its range.
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Tabor, Richard, and Paul Johnson. "Sigwells, Somerset, England: regional application and interpretation of geophysical survey." Antiquity 74, no. 284 (June 2000): 319–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00059378.
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Work by the South Cadbury Environs Project shows that analysing the alignment and morphology of large-scale geophysical data plots can greatly enhance diachronic and synchronic interpretation of a landscape. A pilot study demonstrates that discontinuity of boundary systems features as strongly as continuity in succeeding landscapes.
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Alhumaima, A. S., and S. M. Abdullaev. "Tigris Basin Landscapes: Sensitivity of Vegetation Index NDVI to Climate Variability Derived from Observational and Reanalysis Data." Earth Interactions 24, no. 7 (December 2020): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/ei-d-20-0002.1.
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AbstractThe primary aim of this work is to study the response of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) of landscapes in the lower Tigris basin to current global and regional climate variability presented, respectively, by the global circulation indices and monthly temperatures and precipitation extracted from five observational/reanalysis datasets. The second task is to find the dataset that best reflects the regional vegetation and climate conditions. Comparison of the Köppen–Trewartha bioclimatic landscapes with the positions of botanical districts, land-cover types, and streamflow estimates led to the conclusion that only two datasets correctly describe regional climatic zones. Therefore, searching for the NDVI response to regional climate variability requires the use of normalized analogs of temperatures and precipitations, as well as the Spearman rank correlation. We found that March/April NDVI, as proxies of the maximum biological productivity of the regional landscapes, are strongly correlated with October–March precipitation derived from three datasets and January–March temperatures derived from one dataset. We discovered the significant impact of autumn–winter El Niño–Southern Oscillation and winter Indian Oceanic dipole states on regional weather (e.g., all five recent severe droughts occurred during strong La Niña events). However, the strength of this impact on the vegetation was clearly linked to the zonal landscape type. By selecting pairs of the temperature/precipitation time series that best correlated with NDVI at a given landscape, we have built a synthetic climate dataset. The landscape approach presented in this work can be used to validate the viability of any dataset when assessing the impacts of climate change and variability on weather-dependent components of Earth’s surface.
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Walz, Jonathan. "Historical archaeologies of spatial practices and power." Antiquity 89, no. 346 (August 2015): 985–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.15184/aqy.2015.57.
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Archaeologists who employ regional landscapes as an organising principle tend to be more concerned about how landscapes—natural, built and imagined—reflect cultural values than how landscapes shape human relations and community perspectives. As the authors of these two volumes skilfully demonstrate, communities deploy landscapes to materialise, and even to naturalise, claims to political authority and power. They reveal how the study of landscape at multiple scales spurs narratives and counter-narratives about how people experience the world and vie for control of it. Together, J. Cameron Monroe and James Delle advance the inherent possibilities of space and scale in historical archaeology.
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Riitters, Kurt, Karen Schleeweis, and Jennifer Costanza. "Forest Area Change in the Shifting Landscape Mosaic of the Continental United States from 2001 to 2016." Land 9, no. 11 (October 29, 2020): 417. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land9110417.
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The landscape context (i.e., anthropogenic setting) of forest change partly determines the social-ecological outcomes of the change. Furthermore, forest change occurs within, is constrained by, and contributes to a dynamic landscape context. We illustrate how information about local landscape context can be incorporated into regional assessments of forest area change. We examined the status and change of forest area in the continental United States from 2001 to 2016, quantifying landscape context by using a landscape mosaic classification that describes the dominance and interface (i.e., juxtaposition) of developed and agriculture land in relation to forest and other land. The mosaic class changed for five percent of total land area and three percent of total forest area. The least stable classes were those comprising the developed interface. Forest loss rates were highest in developed-dominated landscapes, but the forest area in those landscapes increased by 18 percent as the expansion of developed landscapes assimilated more forest area than was lost from earlier developed landscapes. Conversely, forest loss rates were lowest in agriculture-dominated landscapes where there was a net loss of five percent of forest area, even as the area of those landscapes also increased. Exposure of all land to nearby forest removal, fire, and stress was highest in natural-dominated landscapes, while exposure to nearby increases in developed and agriculture land was highest in developed- and agriculture-dominated landscapes. We discuss applications of our approach for mapping, monitoring, and modeling landscape and land use change.
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Meyer, Burghard Christian, Gábor Mezősi, and Ferenc Kovács. "Landscape degradation at different spatial scales caused by aridification." Moravian Geographical Reports 25, no. 4 (December 1, 2017): 271–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mgr-2017-0023.
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Abstract Landscape responses to degradation caused by aridification bring the landscape system into a new equilibrium state. The system transformation may entail irreversible changes to its constituting parameters. This paper analyses the impact of aridification on landscape degradation processes in the sand-covered landscapes of the Hungarian Danube-Tisza Interfluve region at the regional, landscape, and local site scales. Changes in groundwater level (well data), lake surface area (Modified Normalized Difference Water Index) and vegetation cover (Enhanced Vegetation Index) were analysed over time periods of 12–60 years. Significant regional variation in decreasing groundwater levels is observed and limits the regional applicability of this indicator. Applying the lake surface area parameter from remote sensing data demonstrated greater utility, identifying several local lakes in the landscapes which have dried out. Analysis of the vegetation response indicated minor changes over the 2000–2014 time period and did not indicate a landscape system change. Landscape degradation as a result of changes in groundwater, vegetation, land cover and land use is clearly identified exclusively in local lake areas, but at the landscape scale, changes in the water balance are found in phases of system stability and transformation. Thresholds are identified to support policy and management towards landscape degradation neutrality.
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Liu, Jiaying, Menghu Wang, and Weiwei Lei. "Research on the Historical and Regional Cultural Elements in Cityscapes of Yili, Xinjiang." E3S Web of Conferences 198 (2020): 04028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202019804028.
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Xinjiang, since it became affiliated with the central plain dynasty once again in the middle of the Qing Dynasty, has been committed to city building and construction in batches, aiming to reinforce military defense and develop economy through reclaiming outlying wasteland. Yili is a area of renown in history that remains geographically essential to the military defense of China’s northwestern border. Starting from its regional culture, this paper analyzes the cultural elements incorporated in its historical cityscape planning, which principally encompass geographical landmarks, ethnicities, religions among other cultural landscapes, and elucidates the necessity of integrating regional culture and landscape design, in an attempt to furnish approaches to exploring and carrying forward traditional regional culture, preserving cultural landscapes unique to this area, and displaying the peculiar enchantment.
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Fu, Bo-jie, and Yi-he Lu. "The progress and perspectives of landscape ecology in China." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 30, no. 2 (April 2006): 232–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/0309133306pp479ra.
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After 20 years of research and application, landscape ecology in China has gained many achievements and established a concrete foundation for further development. The major progress of landscape ecology in China was in the fields of land-use structure and ecological processes, landscape pattern and dynamics analysis, theoretical and methodological development, and landscape ecological applications. Past researches emphasized particularly the theories and applications, while the methodological study accounted for a comparatively small part; urban and suburban landscapes, regional and catchment scale landscapes, cold and arid zone landscapes, forest landscapes, agricultural landscapes and wetland landscapes were the main research subjects. Major problems with past researches include the following. 1) There was unbalanced attention on conceptual/theoretical analysis, monitoring, methodological development and applications. 2) Landscape metrics were widely used, whereas the ecological implications were not fully addressed. 3) The researches on the relationship between landscape pattern and ecological processes and scaling were largely preliminary. 4) The risk, uncertainty and accuracy of the data processing were seldom mentioned. 5) The original methodological innovation was scant. To solve these problems effectively and promote landscape ecology in China to full development at a whole new stage of the twenty-first century, the following four closely interrelated and complementary tasks should be addressed: 1) establishing appropriate strategies for the development of landscape ecology; 2) enhancing experiment-based and long-term research; 3) improving landscape planning, design, conservation and management; 4) initiating and advancing the development of unified landscape ecology with Chinese characteristics.
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Venturi, Martina, Francesco Piras, Federica Corrieri, Beatrice Fiore, Antonio Santoro, and Mauro Agnoletti. "Assessment of Tuscany Landscape Structure According to the Regional Landscape Plan Partition." Sustainability 13, no. 10 (May 12, 2021): 5424. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13105424.
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The landscape is considered a strategic asset by the Tuscan regional government, also for its economic role, meaning that a specific Landscape Plan has been developed, dividing the region into 20 Landscape Units and representing the main planning instrument at the regional level. Following the aims of the Landscape Plan and the guidelines of the European Landscape Convention, it is necessary to develop an adequate assessment of the landscape, evaluating the main typologies and their characteristics. The aim of this research is to carry out an assessment of the landscape diversity in Tuscany based on 20 study areas, analyzing land uses and landscape mosaic structures through the application of landscape metrics: number of land uses, mean patch size (MPS), Hill’s diversity number, edge density (ED), patch density (PD), land use diversity (LUD). The results highlight a correlation between the landscape typologies (forest, agricultural, mixed, periurban) and the complexity of the landscape structure, especially in relation to MPS and PD, while the combination of PD and LUD calculated on the basis of a hexagonal grid allows obtaining landscape complexity maps. Despite the phenomena of reforestation and urban sprawl of recent decades, Tuscany still preserves different landscape typologies characterized by a good level of complexity. This is particularly evident in mixed landscapes, while agricultural landscapes have a larger variability because of different historical land organization forms. The methodology applied in this study provided a large amount of data about land uses and the landscape mosaic structure and complexity and proved to be effective in assessing the landscape structure and in creating a database that can represent a baseline for future monitoring.
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Bolliger, Janine, and Felix Kienast. "Landscape Functions in a Changing Environment." Landscape Online 21 (November 8, 2010): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3097/lo.201021.
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Landscapes provide a broad range of services to society. To date, however, only few regional to continental scale studies assess the capacity of landscapes to provide these services under changing environmental conditions. This is required if the maintenance of current landscape multifunctionality remains a long-term goal. The presented mini review highlights and promotes the concept of landscape functions, defined as the capacity or potential of landscapes to provide services. Ultimately, spatially explicit landscape-function assessments may provide baseline information for society to engage in an open discussion on future landscape development and its potential impact on landscape character. Our mini review is supported with recent literature as well as insights gained at a symposium held at the IALE 2009 conference in Salzburg, Austria as well as a workshop held in Salzau, Germany 2010 and the Global Initiative of the The Ecosystem Services Partnership (http://www.fsd.nl/esp, 30. May 2010).
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Bidegain, Íñigo, César A. López-Santiago, José A. González, Rodrigo Martínez-Sastre, Federica Ravera, and Claudia Cerda. "Social Valuation of Mediterranean Cultural Landscapes: Exploring Landscape Preferences and Ecosystem Services Perceptions through a Visual Approach." Land 9, no. 10 (October 14, 2020): 390. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land9100390.
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Mediterranean cultural landscapes have been recognized as multifunctional landscapes that are currently threatened by two opposing trends: rural abandonment and agricultural intensification. Uncovering people’s perceptions of different landscape configurations, and how inhabitants value the contributions of nature to human wellbeing, is essential to understanding current landscape trends. In this study, we analyze the social perception of the cultural landscapes of Sierra Morena (Andalusia, Spain) based on 389 face-to-face visual questionnaires in an attempt to understand individuals’ landscape preferences, the reasons behind those preferences and how those landscapes are perceived as suppliers of ecosystem services by different groups of stakeholders. Four groups of stakeholders were identified that differed in how they perceive and value the cultural landscape. An urban-related group was characterized by their preferences for pine plantations and “green” landscapes, guided mostly by aesthetic criteria. A livestock-related group showed a clear preference for wood–pasture landscapes (dehesas) due to their ability to supply multiple ecosystem services. An environmentally aware group showed preferences for dehesas and Mediterranean forests, mainly guided by ecological criteria. Finally, an olive-related group showed a clear preference for olive grove landscapes as key for the regional economy and their cultural identity. Overall, the local inhabitants of Sierra Morena perceived a higher supply of ecosystem services in moderately disturbed landscapes, such as dehesas and mosaic landscapes, than in highly disturbed ones, such as conventional olive groves and pine plantations, or in less used landscapes, such as the Mediterranean forest. Understanding the differences in valuation/demand for ecosystem services among groups of stakeholders, characterized by their landscape preferences, provides important information with which to identify potential trade-offs and conflicts, thereby providing insights into the improvement of landscape planning and decision making.
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Zhang, Jian, Yan Hui Sui, Yang Zheng, and Xue Biao Geng. "Study on Low Carbon Ideas in the Formation of Regional Landscapes: Ecology, Function and Culture." Advanced Materials Research 361-363 (October 2011): 1105–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.361-363.1105.
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Global climate changes are threatening the survival of our species. Landscape architecture adaptive to climate change has become a hotspot. Many low-carbon ideas are involved in the process of formation of some regional landscape. This paper discussed the low-carbon ideas in some regional landscape from scientific landscape pattern, technology of using clean energy, usage of local materials, ecological design for construction and so on. These ideas are valuable to modern landscape architecture. In order to create new landscapes accordant with the spirit of the times, more attention should been paid to how to integrate ancient low-carbon ideas, new technology, local characteristics and function into modern landscape architecture.
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Brereton, Pat, and Danielle Barrios-O’Neill. "Irish energy landscapes on film." Journal of Environmental Media 2, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 101–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jem_00042_1.
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Landscape, and its relation to place identity, is a powerful tool for visualizing and making legible the effects of environmental change. So often the operations of resource consumption and conservation occur in a way that shapes and changes particular regional landscapes. This is significant in an era where inspiring audiences and policy-makers to respond to unsustainable resource use and environmental change is difficult, but where we are still compelled to care for particular elements of place as they relate to identity. In this article we examine how resource use and landscape change are communicated through Irish films, where the interactions of place identity and landscape are central. A key through line argument is how landscape is an important vehicle for expressing anxieties and contexts for resource interdependency; another is how elements of local and regional identity compete and interact with global concerns, such as climate change or globalization, in complex ways. We analyse these interactions to demonstrate how energy resource use and environmental change are linked, highlighting ‘small nation’ tensions concerning geographic identity and resource ownership that are relevant to real-world energy transitions and apply much more broadly.
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Mikesell, Marvin W., Carole L. Crumley, and William H. Marquardt. "Regional Dynamics: Burgundian Landscapes in Historical Perspective." Geographical Review 79, no. 1 (January 1989): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/215688.
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Wells, Peter S., Carole L. Crumley, and William H. Marquardt. "Regional Dynamics: Burgundian Landscapes in Historical Perspective." American Journal of Archaeology 93, no. 2 (April 1989): 311. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/505115.
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Angelstam, Per, Michael Manton, Taras Yamelynets, Ole Sørensen, and Svetlana Kondrateva (Stepanova). "Landscape Approach towards Integrated Conservation and Use of Primeval Forests: The Transboundary Kovda River Catchment in Russia and Finland." Land 9, no. 5 (May 9, 2020): 144. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land9050144.
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Regional clear-felling of naturally dynamic boreal forests has left remote forest landscapes in northern Europe with challenges regarding rural development based on wood mining. However, biodiversity conservation with higher levels of ambition than what is possible in regions with a long forest history, and cultural heritage, offer opportunities for developing new value chains that support rural development. We explored the opportunities for pro-active integrated spatial planning based on: (i) landscapes’ natural and cultural heritage values in the transboundary Kovda River catchment in Russia and Finland; (ii) forest canopy loss as a threat; and (iii) private, public and civil sector stakeholders’ views on the use and non-use values at local to international levels. After a 50-year history of wood mining in Russia, the remaining primeval forest and cultural heritage remnants are located along the pre-1940 Finnish-Russian border. Forest canopy loss was higher in Finland (0.42%/year) than in Russia (0.09%/year), and decreased from the south to the north in both countries. The spatial scales of stakeholders’ use of forest landscapes ranged from stand-scale to the entire catchment of Kovda River in Russia and Finland (~2,600,000 ha). We stress the need to develop an integrated landscape approach that includes: (i) forest landscape goods; (ii) other ecosystem services and values found in intact forest landscapes; and (iii) adaptive local and regional forest landscape governance. Transboundary collaboration offers opportunities for effective knowledge production and learning.
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Cheng, Deqiang, Chunliu Gao, Tiantian Shao, and Javed Iqbal. "A Landscape Study of Sichuan University (Wangjiang Campus) from the Perspective of Campus Tourism." Land 9, no. 12 (December 6, 2020): 499. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land9120499.
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University campus tourism is an important component and extension of urban tourism. The campus landscapes at universities act as major reflections of the interaction between regional natural and humanistic environments and initiate a strong visual perception or sensory feelings of the campus, which play a positive guiding role in campus tourism resource development. In order to better understand the role of landscapes in campus tourism, the Wangjiang Campus of Sichuan University was selected as the study area. Campus landscapes under the comprehensive influence of natural and humanistic environments were studied based on three different multi-level (scale) perspectives including: (i) point scale, (ii) line scale and (iii) plane scale, as well as different research themes comprising: (i) landscapes of buildings and vegetation, (ii) color landscapes, (iii) landscapes of campus space utilization, and (iv) thermal landscapes. The results show that the Wangjiang Campus landscapes have strong environmental natural landscape components linked with strong humanistic landscapes, which may provide lively, positive and relaxed visual feelings to tourists in the form of affirmative landscape services. The formation and development of the campus landscapes are affected by the geographic environments and campus culture, and it is conducive to the formation of unique campus genius loci. Nowadays, the landscapes of Wangjiang Campus have become a distinctive visiting card of campus tourism. This study would be helpful in better understating of the campus landscapes using new perspectives, as well as could be used as references for the development of university-campus-tourism.
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Proverbs, Tracey, and Trevor Lantz. "Cumulative Environmental Impacts in the Gwich’in Cultural Landscape." Sustainability 12, no. 11 (June 8, 2020): 4667. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12114667.
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Environmental changes are impacting northern environments and human communities. Cumulative impact assessments are vital to understanding the combined effects of regional industrial developments and natural disturbances that affect humans and ecosystems. A gap in cumulative impacts literature includes methods to evaluate impacts in cultural landscapes. In this study, we utilized spatial overlay analysis to assess cumulative environmental impacts in the cultural landscape of northern Canada’s Gwich’in Settlement Region. In three analyses, we quantified and mapped: (1) Cultural feature density, (2) cumulative environmental disturbance, and (3) potential overlap between disturbances and cultural features. Our first analysis depicts the extent and pattern of cultural relationships with regional landscapes and illustrates the Gwich’in cultural landscape, with widespread harvesting trails, named places, traditional use areas, and archaeological sites found in highest densities near important waterways. Our second analysis suggests that spatial overlay can track multiple disturbances, illustrating diffuse, lower intensity cumulative environmental impacts. The final analysis shows that overlaying disturbance and cultural feature data provides a novel way to investigate cumulative impacts in a cultural landscape, indicating relatively low levels of potential overlap between Gwich’in cultural features and disturbances. These methods provide one way to investigate cumulative impacts, relevant for well- documented cultural landscapes.
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Jiren, Tolera Senbeto, Jannik Schultner, David J. Abson, and Joern Fischer. "A multi-level assessment of changes in stakeholder constellations, interest and influence on ecosystem services under different landscape scenarios in southwestern Ethiopia." PLOS Sustainability and Transformation 1, no. 5 (May 9, 2022): e0000012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pstr.0000012.
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Growing global interconnections facilitate inter-regional flows of ecosystem services (ES). Several studies have focused on the opportunities, risks, and governance of telecoupled ES. However, considerable theoretical, methodological, and empirical gaps exist regarding how future demand for ES will shape trajectories of land use change, the bundles of ecosystem services and related livelihoods provided by future landscapes. This paper explores how multi-level stakeholder constellations, interests, and influence on ES change with a shift in the landscape from the current landscape to alternative future scenario landscapes. We integrated three methodological concepts: space-for-time substitution, scenario planning, and multi-level stakeholder interest and influence mapping. We focused on a smallholder farming landscape in southwestern Ethiopia that is characterized by, and sensitive to, rapid social-ecological change. We build on previous research that developed four plausible scenarios of landscape change for the landscape over the coming 20 years: the “Cash crops”, “Coffee investors”, “Biosphere reserve”, and “Food first” scenarios. We treated the current (focal) landscape as the baseline. Based on space-for-time substitution, we selected four existing landscapes nearby as proxies representing the types of changes described in the four scenarios. In both focal and scenario landscapes, we then identified stakeholders and interviewed them about their interest and influence related to ES (n = 122). Stakeholder constellations, interests, and influences on ES differed considerably between the focal and the scenario landscapes. Generally, a shift to the “Cash crops”, “Coffee investors”, and “Food first” scenarios increased the proportion of local, regional and global private organizations that engaged with the landscape. Many of these stakeholders sought to maximize profit through commercializing a few provisioning ES, often relying on regulatory and economic power to influence the landscape. In contrast, a change to the “Biosphere reserve” scenario increased the proportion of non-governmental organizations engaging with the landscape, and drew on stakeholders from multiple governance scales that were interested in diverse provisioning, cultural, regulating, and supporting ES. Our findings suggest that future landscapes imply divergent changes in stakeholder constellations and interests, both from proximate and remote locations. Landscape management should consider such possible changes in multi-level stakeholder constellations, interests, and influence. Our methodological approach enriches existing scenario narratives with empirically grounded social and governance layers that can improve proactive land management decisions.
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Melnyk, Anatolyj, Valeryj Petlin, and Semen Kukurudza. "Landscape studies at the Ivan Franko National University of Lviv at the beginning of the 21st century (2004–2014)." Visnyk of the Lviv University. Series Geography, no. 48 (December 23, 2014): 24–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vgg.2014.48.1290.
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During the last decade, basic research on landscapes at the Franko University was concentrated on the development history, structure, dynamics, and functioning of natural terrain and aquatic complexes of Western Ukraine. Several scientific trends have developed in applied landscape science – namely, landscape monitoring, environmental landscape science, recreational landscape science, regional landscape science, tourist landscape science, studies on natural resources, geoecology, and geosozology. Key words: landscape, natural terrain complex, landscape diversity, landscape studies, applied landscape science.
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Nadirov, Magir Abdulali oghlu. "ASSESSMENT OF MODERN LANDSCAPE POTENTIAL IN THE CASPIAN COASTAL PLAINS." GEOGRAPHY AND TOURISM, no. 68 (2022): 44–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2308-135x.2022.68.44-51.
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Aim: In recent decades, high population growth rates have increased the impact on nature. The expansion of agricultural areas and the rapid appropriation of land require landscape assessment and systematic planning of nature management mechanisms. The main purpose of the study is to assess the natural landscape potential of the territory and propose measures that reflect the nature of the landscape and its regional and ecological significance. Methodology: The Caspian coastal plains of Azerbaijan, chosen as the study area, are distinguished by their sensitivity to anthropogenic impacts. In the evaluation process, the landscapes of the study area were categorized as weak, medium, and strong in terms of natural resource potential, productivity, and recreational potential. For determining the levels of sensitivity to technogenic impacts, landscapes were grouped according to the level of ecological tension into satisfactory, stressed, critical, and crisis levels and an expert assessment was carried out using a 100-point system. Results: According to the calculation, 54% of the coastal plains of the Caspian Sea that make up the study area are semi-arid landscapes, 14% are forests and meadows, 26% are dry steppes, and 5% are hydromorphic-intrazonal landscapes. During the assessment, it was revealed that landscapes with a low natural resource potential cover 42% of the area, landscapes with an average natural resource potential - 23%, and landscapes with a strong natural resource potential - 11%. Protected landscapes cover 24% of the study area. Evaluation of the sensitivity of landscapes to technogenic impacts showed that most of the territory (41%) is at a severe ecological level. Scientific novelty: The landscapes of the study area were evaluated in terms of natural resource potential and anthropogenic impacts. As a result, a system of measures for optimal management of landscape complexes was proposed taking into account the separated zones.
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Gao, Jun Jing, Shi Hai Lv, Zhi Rong Zheng, Chao Yang Feng, Sheng Xing Ye, and Chen Zhang. "Ecological Safety Assessment in Hulunbeier Steppe Based on the Landscape Pattern." Advanced Materials Research 726-731 (August 2013): 1121–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.726-731.1121.
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Based on TM remote sensing image and topographic map, the spatial information of landscape pattern was extracted in Hulunbeier steppe in 1995, 2000, 2005 and 2010. With the principles and methods of landscape ecology, landscape fragmentation index, division index, dominance index and fragility index were selected to construct the ecological safety index which was used to quantitatively analyze the dynamic changes of landscape pattern and elucidated ecological safety status in study area. Result showed that the overall landscape tended to become fragmentized and complicated with the total number of patches increasing in the study area from 1995 to 2010. The ecological safety index of landscape types can be classified into four grades, grassland > unused land, wood land > water body, crop land > construction land. Overall, the regional ecological safety status got worse with the ecological safety index of natural landscapes decreasing and the ecological safety index of artificial landscapes increasing. In particular, the area of construction land had a continuous increase with a higher growth rate (7.41% per year during 2005~2010), which will be unfavorable to regional ecological safety as the biggest potential risk.
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Kotru, R., R. S. Rawal, P. K. Mathur, N. Chettri, S. A. Chaudhari, K. Uddin, M. S. R. Murthy, and S. Singh. "Effective Management of Trans boundary Landscapes – Geospatial Applications." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-8 (November 28, 2014): 1309–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-8-1309-2014.
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The Convention on Biological Diversity advocates the use of landscape and ecosystem approaches for managing biodiversity, in recognition of the need for increased regional cooperation. In this context, ICIMOD and regional partners have evolved Transboundary Landscape concept to address the issues of conservation and sustainable use of natural resources and systems (e.g., biodiversity, rangelands, farming systems, forests, wetlands, and watersheds, etc.). This concept defines the landscapes by ecosystems rather than political/administrative boundaries. The Hindu Kush Himalayan (HKH) region is extremely heterogeneous, with complex inter linkages of biomes and habitats as well as strong upstream-downstream linkages related to the provisioning of ecosystem services. Seven such transboundary landscapes, identified across west to east extent of HKH, have been considered for programmatic cooperation, include: Wakhan, Karakoram-Pamir, Kailash, Everest, Kangchenjunga, Brahmaputra-Salween, and Cherrapunjee- Chittagong. The approach is people centered and considers the cultural conservation as an essential first step towards resource conservation efforts in the region. Considering the multi-scale requirements of study, the geospatial technology has been effectively adopted towards: (i) understanding temporal changes in landscapes, (ii) long term ecological and social monitoring, (ii) identifying potential bio corridors, (iii) assessing landscape level vulnerability due to climatic and non-climatic drivers, and (iv) developing local plans on extractions of high value economic species supporting livelihoods, agroforestry system and ecotourism, etc. We present here our recent experiences across different landscapes on assessment of three decadal changes, vegetation type mapping, assessment of socio-ecological drivers, corridor assessment, ecosystem services assessment, models for optimal natural resource use systems and long term socio-ecological monitoring.
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Zhang, Hang, Hai Chen, Tianwei Geng, Di Liu, and Qinqin Shi. "Evolutionary Characteristics and Trade-Offs’ Development of Social–Ecological Production Landscapes in the Loess Plateau Region from a Resilience Point of View: A Case Study in Mizhi County, China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 4 (February 18, 2020): 1308. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17041308.
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Social-ecological production landscape resilience (SELPR) is a significant representation of the continuous supply capacity of landscape services. It is a quantitative assessment of the spatial-temporal evolution of SELPR under internal and external disturbances that provides a scientific basis for regional ecological environments and socio–economic development. Taking Mizhi County for the study of the Loess Plateau region, a three-dimensional (social system, ecosystem, and production system) SELPR evaluation framework was constructed. Data integration was performed using the watershed as the evaluation unit. This study quantitatively evaluated the spatial–temporal differentiation of the social–ecological production landscape (SELPs) subsystem’s resilience and the total SELPR in the study area and classified the areas from the three-system resilience combination level to achieve regional development trade-offs. The results were as follows: (1) In 2009–2018, the change in the social–ecological production landscapes pattern in Mizhi County showed a significant reduction in agricultural production landscapes, relatively stable social living landscapes, and an increase in ecological landscapes; (2) in 2009–2018, the SELPR increased by 12.38%. The spatial distribution of resilience was significantly different, showing a distribution pattern of high central and low surrounding areas; (3) the county’s watershed development zones were divided into five partitions: synergistic promotion areas, ecological restoration areas, social development areas, production optimization areas, and comprehensive remediation areas. The five types of zones have a certain agglomeration effect. In addition, the main obstacle factors affecting the SELPR of each zone are quite different. The key issues and development directions of different types of watersheds are also proposed in this paper.
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Wyshynski, Sarah A., and Thomas D. Nudds. "Pattern and process in forest bird communities on boreal landscapes originating from wildfire and timber harvest." Forestry Chronicle 85, no. 2 (March 1, 2009): 218–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc85218-2.
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Policy direction to emulate natural disturbance in managed boreal forests has spurred a need to contrast the dynamics of biota on landscapes originating from timber harvest and from wildfire (hereafter, “managed” and “natural”). Typically, emphasis is on pattern emulation, and less on processes, such as competition, predation or habitat selection. Knowing how communities in the boreal forest assemble can provide further insight to the effects of anthropogenic disturbance on the processes responsible, permitting assessments about whether forestry practices emulate processes as well as patterns. We contrasted variation in species richness among forest types, with stand area, and between local (forest stand) and regional (landscape) scales on managed and natural boreal landscapes in NW Ontario. Species richness varied more among forest stand types than between landscapes, or with stand area, on either landscape. On both landscapes, mean local species richness was 1/3 of regional richness, consistent with the hypothesis that competition structured stand-level assemblages regardless of stand origin. We further compared the structure of stand-level assemblages from randomized null models using presence/absence and abundance data with observed assemblages on each landscape, while controlling for variation in habitat structure among stands. Local bird assemblages were over-dispersed in niche space relative to random assemblages, also consistent with the competition hypothesis, regardless of stand origin. We found no evidence that patterns of variation in diversity of songbirds and woodpeckers, nor the processes that govern them, differed between managed and natural boreal forest landscapes. Our results suggest that past forest practices in this region, if by default, nevertheless emulated natural patterns of variation in diversity and species assembly of bird communities. Key words: boreal forest, songbirds, woodpeckers, community assembly, null models, natural disturbance emulation, forestry, Ontario
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Ritter, Camila D., Camila C. Ribas, Juliana Menger, Sergio H. Borges, Christine D. Bacon, Jean P. Metzger, John Bates, and Cintia Cornelius. "Landscape configuration of an Amazonian island-like ecosystem drives population structure and genetic diversity of a habitat-specialist bird." Landscape Ecology 36, no. 9 (June 19, 2021): 2565–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10980-021-01281-z.
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Abstract Context Amazonian white-sand ecosystems (campinas) are open vegetation patches which form a natural island-like system in a matrix of tropical rainforest. Due to a clear distinction from the surrounding matrix, the spatial characteristics of campina patches may affect the genetic diversity and composition of their specialized organisms, such as the small and endemic passerine Elaenia ruficeps. Objectives To estimate the relative contribution of the current extension, configuration and geographical context of campina patches to the patterns of genetic diversity and population structure of E. ruficeps. Methods We sampled individuals of E. ruficeps from three landscapes in central Amazonia with contrasting campina spatial distribution, from landscapes with large and connected patches to landscapes with small and isolated patches. We estimated population structure, genetic diversity, and contemporary and historical migration within and among the three landscapes and used landscape metrics as predictor variables. Furthermore, we estimated genetic isolation by distance and resistance within landscapes. Results We identified three genetically distinct populations with asymmetrical gene flow among landscapes and a decreasing migration rate with distance. Within each landscape, we found low differentiation without genetic isolation by distance nor by resistance. In contrast, we found differentiation and spatial correlation between landscapes. Conclusions Together with previous studies, the population dynamics of E. ruficeps suggests that both regional context and landscape structure shape the connectivity among populations of campina specialist birds. Also, the spatial distribution of Amazonian landscapes, together with their associated biota, has changed in response to climatic changes in the Late Pleistocene.
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Martsinkevich, Galina I., Natallia V. Hahina, Dzmitry M. Kurlovich, and Olga M. Kovalevskaya. "Structure and mapping of landscapes of the Pripyatsky National Park using geoinformation technologies." Journal of the Belarusian State University. Geography and Geology, no. 1 (June 8, 2021): 65–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.33581/2521-6740-2021-1-65-74.
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The article considers new approaches to the study of the structure of natural landscapes, the identification of typical and rare landscapes of Pripyatsky National Park and their mapping using GIS-technologies that allow the creation of digital landscape maps. The relevance of the work is to create the first digital maps for the Pripyatsky National Park, which can be used to expand the network of ecological routes, increase the number of objects of inspection of the territory by tourists, monitoring forests and swamps. The created digital landscape map reflects the hierarchical levels and structure of natural complexes in the rank of genera, species and tracts, as well as the principles of their selection, which correspond to scientific approaches to the classification of landscapes of the Belarusian school of landscape studies. As a result, the main factor of the selection of genera is the genesis, species – the nature of relief, tracts – features of relief and soil-vegetation cover. The mapping of landscapes of specially protected natural areas (SPNA) of the Republic of Belarus using GIS-technologies was first tested on the example of the Berezinsky Biosphere Reserve and three national parks (Narochansky, Braslavskie Ozera, Belovezhskaya Pushcha). The digital landscape map of the Pripyatsky National Park, which illustrates the territorial distribution of 4 genera, 19 types of landscapes and 3 types of tracts, helped to clarify the boundaries of landscape units and served as the basis for identifying typical and rare landscapes, which is especially important for identifying rare landscapes that have preserved their natural appearance and have a special nature conservation value and in need of special protection. A digital map of typical and rare landscapes shows that within the boundaries of the park are widely represented species of lake-swamp and alluvial terraced landscapes, typical for the Polesie region, rare landscapes are confined to the floodplain landscape of the Pripyat River with ridged relief, old lakes, floodplain oak forests and tall grass meadows. In general, the identified typical landscapes of the Pripyatsky National Park are representative of the Polesie landscape province and reflect its regional features, and rare ones are found only in this region and emphasize its individuality. Digital maps made it possible to reveal the complex structure of landscapes, to discover not only typical and rare landscapes, but also unique objects in the rank of a natural boundary, and thereby show a more diverse landscape structure of the park than is reflected in the Landscape map of the Republic of Belarus (2014).
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Nonaka, Etsuko, Thomas A. Spies, Michael C. Wimberly, and Janet L. Ohmann. "Historical range of variability in live and dead wood biomass: a regional-scale simulation study." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 37, no. 11 (November 2007): 2349–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x07-064.
Full textAbstract:
The historical range of variability (HRV) in landscape structure and composition created by natural disturbance can serve as a general guide for evaluating ecological conditions of managed landscapes. HRV approaches to evaluating landscapes have been based on age-classes or developmental stages, which may obscure variation in live and dead stand structure. Developing the HRV of stand structural characteristics would improve the ecological resolution of this coarse-filter approach to ecosystem assessment. We investigated HRV in live and dead wood biomass in the regional landscape of the Oregon Coast Range by integrating stand-level biomass models and a spatially explicit fire simulation model. We simulated historical landscapes of the region for 1000 years under pre-Euro-American settlement fire regimes and calculated biomass as a function of disturbance history. The simulation showed that live and dead wood biomass historically varied widely in time and space. The majority of the forests historically contained 500–700 Mg·ha–1 (50–70 kg·m–2) of live wood and 50–200 Mg·ha–1 (5–20 kg·m–2) of dead wood. The current distributions are more concentrated in much smaller amounts for both biomass types. Although restoring the HRV of forest structure is not necessarily a management goal for most landowners and managing agencies, departure from the reference condition can provide relative measure to evaluate habitat conditions for managers seeking to use forest structure as a means to maintain or restore ecosystem and species diversity.