Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Regional landscapes'

This thesis employs art history and critical ethnography to examine contemporary art production in the South West of Western Australia. Responding to a paucity of publications and critique, and a claim the art scene is ‘folksy’ and ‘not up-to speed’ with metropolitan art scenes, I argue that ‘being regional’ is a legitimate position on its own terms and as part of a growing global tendency to recognises the validity of regional contexts and perspectives.

Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2012.
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
"June 2012." Page [86] blank. Cataloged from student submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 77-82).
This thesis seeks to deploy landscape design as a regional economic development strategy. It investigates the relationship between economic activity and the built environment. Economies transition from one trend to the next at a faster pace than urban stock, meaning the landscape and infrastructure, is able to adjust. Thus, flows of ephemeral economic phases leave patterns of durable infrastructure elements that may not serve as relevant or useful purposes in the emerging economic movements. These landscapes and infrastructure elements can then become underutilized or obsolete. Instead of allowing these facets of the built environment to fall subject to abandonment, entirely rely upon subsidies, or solely become a commodity tourist attraction, this thesis seeks to redesign and repurpose old infrastructure to deliver productive services to the surrounding contemporary society. This paper asks if adaptively repurposing regional infrastructure can contribute positively to regional economics. In order to test this argument, it investigates a single case study - the Erie Canal in Upstate New York. The Erie Canal was a piece of 19th century infrastructure built in 1825 that gave substantial rise and economic prosperity to the region. However, since its initial opening, the Erie Canal has declined in relevance and today suffers from underutilization. This paper seeks to discover if redesigning and repurposing the Erie Canal can generate both economic benefits and ecologic benefits to contribute positively to the surrounding urban region. It applies a systems-based design approach to assess the current conditions of the Canal, and then identifies points of leverage, or catalyst sites, along the linear system that will most greatly engender positive benefits for the entire surrounding region. A full mapping assessment was conducted per the research principles of systems-based design. Further economic and site information was recalled through secondary source reports and interviews. From these research methods, three typologies of catalyst sites and spaces were identified along the linear canal system and five potential economic opportunities were identified in the Erie Canal Region. This thesis proposes three alternative trajectories to move forward with these physical and economic findings: conduct a primary source investigation to discover the true potential of the latent economic opportunities surrounding the canal; remove the subsidy from the Canal budget all together and deinfrastructuralize the waterway to a natural state; or amplify the natural strengths of the Canal by diversifying its utilization.
by Lindsay K. Reul.
M.C.P.

This thesis examines the work of the Durham pitman and artist Norman Cornish whilst analysing the economic and cultural climate which has promoted and sustained his career as a regional artist for over seventy years. Cornish’s depiction of mining life remains widely acknowledged by regional patrons and the local media as an iconic representation of the distinctiveness of North East mining communities. The fact that his work continues to receive considerable media attention whilst maintaining a strong patronage within the region, promotes several issues relating to the understanding of regional culture and identity. Why has Cornish’s work remained so enduringly popular and what does this reveal about the dynamics of North East regional culture? This research considers the interpretation and patronage of Cornish’s work during key periods of the region’s development and in doing so provides the first sustained study of Cornish’s career in relation to regional cultural identity. Industrialisation, economic change, concepts of community and nostalgia are all recognised as fundamental factors which have shaped the region’s cultural identity during the twentieth century. Essentially, it is argued that a sense of ‘Northernness’ is crucial to Cornish’s regional popularity. Significantly, this thesis identifies a variation between Cornish’s regional and national popularity. The artist’s strong local appeal has not been replicated consistently on a broader national level. It is suggested that the varying national interest in Cornish’s career should be considered in relation to wider artistic trends as well as patronage from organisations such as the National Coal Board. On a regional level, a large proportion of Cornish’s continued appeal to local audiences can be attributed to the sympathetic response from the regional media. Whilst the study of regional identity within the scope of visual culture is by no means a new or impoverished field, this study adopts a thematic treatment of culture, identity and representation, in order to understand the contribution of visual culture to regional identity during the twentieth century. By dealing with visual culture in its broadest and most fluid sense, this study consults both social and cultural history sources alongside art historical perspectives.

The thesis identifies a development integral to contemporary German documentary cinema that has not yet been taken into academic consideration: namely a new will to depict the regional, the rural, or Heimat. I have organised the research under precisely these three thematic motifs: the rural (Chapter One), the regional (Chapter Two), and Heimat (Chapter Three). The importance of the rural and the regional has to date been largely overlooked by academics in the field of film studies. Yet in the context of Germany they are key cultural markers – both are fundamental to the deep‐rooted German cultural concept of Heimat. Heimat, on the other hand, has attracted the recent attention of film scholars; their focus, however, has been mainly limited to historical analyses. I have implemented a number of theoretical frameworks in order to model a much‐needed understanding of this emerging German cinema. My examination of representations of the rural is rooted in a geographic approach to the medium of film, with an emphasis on the shaping (or lack thereof) of cinematic landscapes. My investigation of representations of the regional benefits from ethnographic concepts such as Other‐ing and exoticism. My discussion of a revival of Heimat on screen is based on historical analyses of the genre of the Heimat film. These theoretical frameworks are guided by close textual analysis of eight case study films spanning the period 1999 – 2007: Die Blume der Hausfrau (Dominik Wessely, 1999), Out of Edeka (Konstantin Faigle, 2001), Schotter wie Heu (Wiltrud Baier and Sigrun Baier, 2002), Herr Wichmann von der CDU (Andreas Dresen, 2003), Ich kenn’ keinen – Allein unter Heteros (Jochen Hick, 2003), Die Blutritter (Douglas Wolfsperger, 2004), Durchfahrtsland (Alexandra Sell, 2005), Full Metal Village (Sung‐Hyung Cho, 2007). The thesis not only identifies and analyses this new development in German cinema but also contextualises it in an academic framework.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior
A Serra de Baturità à a regiÃo do Cearà onde à mais notÃria a presenÃa de Ãreas de instabilidade geotÃcnica envolvendo movimentos de massa e erosÃo hÃdrica. As rodovias sÃo os principais agentes deflagradores dos movimentos de massa e a ocupaÃÃo de encostas nas Ãreas urbanas e rurais, os principais agentes promovedores da erosÃo acelerada, que somado Ãs caracterÃsticas climÃticas, geomorfolÃgicas, geolÃgicas e pedolÃgicas da regiÃo, concorrem para a ocorrÃncia de movimentos de massa e perda de solos implicando em prejuÃzos econÃmicos, e por vezes, em acidentes. O zoneamento geotÃcnico elaborado na Serra de Baturità contou com recursos de geoprocessamento assistidos por levantamento de campo e ensaios laboratoriais para delimitar setores de maior ou menor risco geolÃgico. Os produtos cartogrÃficos gerados atravÃs de tÃcnicas de processamento digital de imagens e anÃlise espacial apresentaram resultados satisfatÃrios ao intuito de zonear as Ãreas de maior suscetibilidade geotÃcnica e podem servir de apoio à tomada de decisÃo de gestores e comunidade civil da regiÃo. Conclui-se que asferramentas de geoprocessamento utilizadas promoveram a geraÃÃo de dados indispensÃveis ao mapeamento geotÃcnico e quando feito com o auxÃlio de ensaios geotÃcnicos laboratoriais jà consagrados na literatura, a fiabilidade dos dados levantados pode atender a contento a expectativa de profissionais e pesquisadores e aumentar a disponibilidade de informaÃÃes sobre o quadro geotÃcnico de extensas Ãreas em uma escala regional.
The Baturità Mountain is the region of Cearà where it is more noticeable the presence of areas of geotechnical instability involving landslides and erosion. The highways are the main triggering agents of mass movements and the occupation of slopes in urban and rural areas, the main promoters agents of accelerated erosion, which in addition to climate, geomorphological, geological and soil characteristics of the region, contributing to the occurrence of landslides and soil loss resulting in economic losses, and sometimes in accidents. The geotechnical zoning established in the Baturità Mountain had geoprocessing resources assisted by field survey and laboratory tests to define higher or lower geological risk sectors. Cartographic products generated through techniques of digital image processing and spatial analysis showed satisfactory to the purpose of zoning the areas of greatest susceptibility geotechnical results and may serve to support the decision making of managers and civil community of the region. It is concluded that the used geoprocessing tools promoted the generation of essential data and geotechnical mapping when done with the aid of laboratory geotechnical tests already established in the literature, the reliability of the data collected can satisfactorily meet the expectations of professionals and researchers and increase the availability of information on the geotechnical box large areas on a regional scale.

This dissertation examines the interplay of history, Pan-Africanism and soft power and its impact on how hegemony should be understood on the African continent. These dynamics were demonstrated through an examination of scholarship related to South Africa’s contested status as a regional hegemon. Using the theoretical framework of the Hegemonic Stability Theory, it argues that much of the current contestation is attributed to the limitations of transposing a global theory to the regional level without taking into account the dynamics and complexities of that particular region. The study adopts a qualitative design and is grounded in an interpretivist paradigm to allow a more nuanced and richer analysis of the regional system. The study is a literature-based study that relies on secondary sources. The dissertation found that the examined contextual factors rooted in the history and ideology of the continent combine to create powerful structural forces that impede the operation of hegemony in the manner envisioned by Hegemonic Stability Theory. Any application of hegemonic discourse to South Africa therefore requires a deeper understanding of the continent’s history, its Pan-Africanist ideology, and accompanying norms and values, as they actively constrain hegemonic ambition. Domestic complexities; contested space; increased competition; waning soft power and lack of secondary state followership also impede South Africa’s hegemony in Africa.
Mini Dissertation (MDIPs)--University of Pretoria, 2019.
Political Sciences
MDIPS
Unrestricted

Under lång tid har mayafolkets landskap, av arkeologer, ansetts vara homogent. Detta har bidragit till tolkningen att det förhållande som mayabefolkningen hade till sin urbana levnadsmiljö respektive omgivande topografi, likväl som förhållande till det kulturella livet har sett likadant ut oberoende av region. I realiteten är det naturliga landskapet i Mesoamerika heterogent, vilket då även resulterar i urbana och kulturella skillnader mellan regionerna. I denna uppsats kommer undersökas och diskuteras de skillnader som finns mellan de olika mayakulturerna och hur detta kan ha påverkat jordbruket inom regionerna. Dessutom kommer regionerna jämföras med avseende på potentiella skillnader i kultur likväl som rumsliga skillnader i topografi och det urbana landskapet. Den klassiska tidsepoken (250-950 e.Kr.) kommer vara i fokus, men som referenspunkter och med grund i att olika städer uppstod vid olika epoker kommer även andra tidsperioder att behandlas i uppsatsen. Denna uppsats är baserad på litteratur studier och är en kvalitativ undersökning.

What lies beneath Our cultured constructions? The wild lies beneath. The mud and the mad, the bunyip Other, lies beneath. It echoes through our layered metaphors We hear its memories Through animal mythology in wilder places Through emotive imagination of landscape memoir Through mythic archaeologies of object art. Not the Nation, but the land has active influence. In festivals of bioregion, communities re-member its voice. Our creativity goes to what lies beneath. This thesis explores the ways we develop deeper and wilder connections to specific regional and local landscapes using art, festival, mythology and memoir. It argues that we inhabit and understand the specific nature of our locale when we plan space for the non-human and creatively celebrate culture-nature coalitions. A wilder and more active sense of place relies upon community cultural conversations with the mythic, represented in the Australian exemplar of the bunyip. The bunyip acts as a metaphor for the subaltern or hidden culture of a place. The bunyip is land incarnate. No matter how pristine the wilderness or how concrete the urban, every region has its localised bunyip-equivalent that defines, and is shaped by, its community and their environmental relationships. Human/non-human cohabitations might be actively expressed through art and cultural experience to form a wilder, more emotive landscape memoir. This thesis discusses a diverse range of landstories, mythologies, environmental art, and bioregional festivities from around Australasia with a special focus on the Sunshine Coast or Gubbi-Gubbi region. It suggests a subaltern indigenous influence in how we imagine, plan and celebrate place. The cultural discourses of metaphor, memoir, mythology and memory shape land into landscapes. When the metaphor is wild, the memoir celebratory, the mythology animal, the memory creative and complex, our ways of being are ecocentric and grounded. The distinctions between nature and culture become less defined; we become native to country. Our multi-cultured histories are written upon the earth; our community identities shape and are shaped by the land. Together, monsters and festivals remind us of the active land.

What lies beneath Our cultured constructions? The wild lies beneath. The mud and the mad, the bunyip Other, lies beneath. It echoes through our layered metaphors We hear its memories Through animal mythology in wilder places Through emotive imagination of landscape memoir Through mythic archaeologies of object art. Not the Nation, but the land has active influence. In festivals of bioregion, communities re-member its voice. Our creativity goes to what lies beneath. This thesis explores the ways we develop deeper and wilder connections to specific regional and local landscapes using art, festival, mythology and memoir. It argues that we inhabit and understand the specific nature of our locale when we plan space for the non-human and creatively celebrate culture-nature coalitions. A wilder and more active sense of place relies upon community cultural conversations with the mythic, represented in the Australian exemplar of the bunyip. The bunyip acts as a metaphor for the subaltern or hidden culture of a place. The bunyip is land incarnate. No matter how pristine the wilderness or how concrete the urban, every region has its localised bunyip-equivalent that defines, and is shaped by, its community and their environmental relationships. Human/non-human cohabitations might be actively expressed through art and cultural experience to form a wilder, more emotive landscape memoir. This thesis discusses a diverse range of landstories, mythologies, environmental art, and bioregional festivities from around Australasia with a special focus on the Sunshine Coast or Gubbi-Gubbi region. It suggests a subaltern indigenous influence in how we imagine, plan and celebrate place. The cultural discourses of metaphor, memoir, mythology and memory shape land into landscapes. When the metaphor is wild, the memoir celebratory, the mythology animal, the memory creative and complex, our ways of being are ecocentric and grounded. The distinctions between nature and culture become less defined; we become native to country. Our multi-cultured histories are written upon the earth; our community identities shape and are shaped by the land. Together, monsters and festivals remind us of the active land.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Griffith School of Environment
Faculty of Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
Full Text

In its course of development, urban and regional planning has been greatly influenced by the modernist movement, which left human environments with various problematic ecological and social conditions. In reaction to these conditions, alternative planning approaches branched from the planning profession, one of these being the development approach known as place-making. Place-making is the physical designing of a place based on locational contexts. Place-making is offered as an alternative planning approach to current planning practice to ameliorate and possibly prevent continuation of the problematic ecological and social conditions. However, this implies that there has to come about a shift in the focus and aims of current planning practice. The main implications of place-making are that planning should become more contextually driven, holistic, multidisciplinary, as well as human and quality centred. Also, it is proposed to increase research on place in the South African context. In terms of current research in South Africa, a mixed-method research approach made it possible to include symbolic locational elements, like sense of place, in the planning process. Researching the Vredefort Dome's sense of place aimed to explore sense of place in a rural area and to concretise the area's sense of place for inclusion in spatial planning. Initial qualitative research informed the quantitative phase. This way symbolic experiences and meanings of participants were linked to spatial locations and three-dimensional features, which made it possible to create place-making guidelines based on both symbolic and material contexts of the Vredefort Dome.
Thesis (M.Art. et Scien. (Town and Regional Planning))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2009.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Miami University, Dept. of English, 2005.
Title from second page of PDF document. Document formatted into pages; contains [3], iv, 143 p. Includes bibliographical references (p. 132-143).

This study constructs themes and propositions about the experiences of youth participants in the fall 2013 Food Landscapes program at the Neighborhood Resource Center in Richmond, Virginia. During the program, youth participated in cooking-based volunteerism with adults with disabilities and created short videos about their experiences. In this study, I analyzed pre- and post-program participant interviews, twice-weekly program observations, and facilitator reflections to understand how Food Landscapes affected youths’ conception of community engagement and communication strategies. This case study offers insight into how youth experience after-school programming of this design. Based on my findings, youth develop and rely upon a sense of togetherness in out-of-school programs. Togetherness as a bridge to commitment strengthens participation. Individually, youth need to form personal connections to and/or empathy with the content areas of the program in order to derive meaning, critically reflect, and problem solve. Furthermore, the youth articulated their perceptions of the community and the program by developing, organizing, and voicing their ideas of cooking/food, volunteering, and art making. By sharing research about the experiences of youth in after-school programming, organizations and educators can better construct, facilitate, and sustain youth participation and engagement.

Orientador: André Munhoz de Argollo Ferrão
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T10:06:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 D'Alessandro_RobertoJose_M.pdf: 12204871 bytes, checksum: a18995a117077a3bb7e9f5d6d629775a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012
Resumo: Jaguariúna [SP], por sua localização privilegiada às margens do rio Jaguari integra o conjunto das cidades classificadas como estâncias hidrominerais do interior do estado conhecido como o "Circuito das Águas Paulistas". A ocupação de seu território data de cerca de 9.000 a.C., conforme registros arqueológicos e mais recentemente, por bandeirantes colonizadores de acordo com registros do século XVIII. Da formação inicial por sesmarias, originaram-se fazendas, situadas às margens dos rios Jaguari e Camanducaia, produtoras de cana-de-açúcar e depois café, entre os séculos XIX e início do século XX. Tais fazendas desempenharam papel relevante no processo de formação e ordenação do território, onde hoje se encontra o município, cujo auge se dá com a implantação da Companhia Mogiana de Estradas de Ferro. Portanto, os rios, as fazendas e a ferrovia, constituem os vetores de ordenação territorial de Jaguariúna no último quartel do século XIX. As marcas deste processo ainda permanecem desempenhando importante papel de ordenação do território, e constituem o patrimônio - hídrico, rural, ferroviário - de Jaguariúna. A pesquisa procura demonstrar como se da à integração deste processo
Abstract: Jaguariúna [SP], located on the edge of river Jaguari, integrates the set of cities classified as hydro-mineral spas known as the "Circuito das Águas Paulistas". The occupation of its territory dates from about 9,000 BC, according to archaeological records and pioneers settlers of 18th century. This research aims to demonstrate the process of Jaguariúna territorial management. From the sesmarias, farms were established on the watersheds of Jaguari and Camanducaia rivers, producing sugarcane and after coffee, between nineteenth and twentieth century. Such farms played a relevant role in occupation and territorial management of Jaguariúna city, whose peak occurs with the implementation of the "Companhia Mogiana de Estradas de Ferro". Therefore, rivers, coffee farms and railroads are the vectors of territorial management in Jaguariúna in the last quarter of the 19th century. The results of this process are still playing an important role in regional planning, constituting the hydrical, rural and railway Jaguariúna's heritage
Mestrado
Recursos Hidricos, Energeticos e Ambientais
Mestre em Engenharia Civil

Prior to the Iraqi invasion and occupation, there was limited landscaping in Kuwait. Public gardens, highways, streets, governmental and private buildings had been planted to some extent. In the post invasion days the Amir of Kuwait has set a goal to beautify Kuwait by intensified landscaping. Responsibility for this Plan was given to the Public Authority for Agriculture and Fisheries (PAAF) which in turn, commissioned the Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research (KISR) to develop the Plan, in collaboration with PAAF staff. Currently, a Strategic and Master Plan for "Greenery" Development (1995-2010) is being prepared. The plan will consist of guidelines for the gradual landscaping of Kuwait focusing on the urban areas. The objectives of this thesis is to ensure the development of guidelines into a comprehensive body of knowledge which takes these categories into consideration: sociocultural factors, functional factors, environmental/ecological factors and aesthetic factors. It is hoped that this information could be synthesized into a thoughtful, utilitarian landscape design guideline for Kuwait.

This thesis compares the landscape planning goals and procedures of Pima County and Landkreis Hannover as they enter regional planworks. The literature provides three significant approaches to landscape planning, from which are extracted significant valuation criteria including biophysical and sociocultural landscape characteristics as well as data handling and implementation considerations. Landkreis Hannover employs a landscape and a comprehensive planwork, the latter coordinating the missions of all spatial disciplines and the first representing a conservation component. Pima County develops a comprehensive plan based on pro-growth policy which attempts primary issue integration. Both counties demonstrate strengths and weaknesses uncovered by assessment of the valuation criteria. Learning from each other, Hannover can improve in data handling whereas Pima County can improve in organizational cooperation and promotion of the concept of sustainable development.

Orientador: Andre Munhoz de Argollo Ferrão
Anexo 2 Mapas de Preservação do Patrimonio Cultural
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-15T15:25:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Michelin_GuilhermeAntonio_M.pdf: 19808093 bytes, checksum: d1c653b396e3199d0fdd11b16e52625a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010
Resumo: Com uma evolução histórica singular, a Fazenda Lageado desenvolveu-se como propriedade particular produtora de café para exportação no último quartel do séc XIX. Em 1934, passa ao controle do governo federal, transformando-se Estação Experimental. Em 1972, o governo estadual recebe a fazenda através de cessão de uso por 99 anos para implantação de unidade de Ensino Superior. Esta singularidade com que a Fazenda Lageado vem se desenvolvendo ao longo do tempo, sua divisa direta com o perímetro urbano de Botucatu e a arquitetura característica dos períodos por que passou trazem uma carga histórica muito forte e uma intensa relação com o desenvolvimento da região onde está inserida. Através da análise transdisciplinar aliada ao enfoque sistêmico e à visão de processos, propõe-se auxiliar o leitor a visualizar relações existentes entre os processos co-evolutivos da fazenda e da área urbana, no intuito de possibilitar a explicitação do próprio processo de formação da paisagem local, em seu caráter físico e, também, cultural
Abstract: Not informed
Mestrado
Recursos Hidricos, Energeticos e Ambientais
Mestrte em Engenharia Civil

Colonia Solana neighborhood in Tucson, Arizona was designed in 1928 by landscape architect Stephen Child. The use of native plants and topography as the basis for the site plan was unusual in 1928, and also has applicability today as the basis for an ecologically sound, self-sustaining landscape. Factors influencing Tucson's early development were examined as the background of this subdivision. Thus Colonia Solana neighborhood, the last work known to have been designed by Child prior to his death in 1936, became the starting point for inqueries into the life and other works of the landscape architect. It was discovered that Stephen Child (1866-1936) was not only a landscape architect, and one of the early advocates for the use of native plants; he was also a charter member of the American City Planning Institute in 1917. His works in Boston, Santa Barbara, San Francisco, and Tucson were documented.

La aproximación a los servicios del ecosistema ha constituido un campo de investigación puntero en las últimas dos décadas, ya que se trata de una vía efectiva para reforzar la conexión entre los ecosistemas y el bienestar humano. Los servicios de paisajismo, en tanto que una rama de los servicios del ecosistema, han ido suscitado interés académico; sin embargo, no disponemos de una teoría general científica y sistematizada de los servicios de paisajismo. La evaluación y el mapeo de los servicios de paisajismo pueden llevar a cabo, de una manera efectiva, el análisis espacial en una escala específica que ayude a mantener paisajes multifuncionales, así como a planificar infraestructura verde urbana. A su vez, la infraestructura verde puede proporcionar una amplia variedad de servicios y funciones paisajísticos, lo que promueve su sostenibilidad. Aun así, todavía se mantiene el gran desafío relativo a la evaluación cuantitativa y al mapeo de los servicios de paisajismo como apoyo a la planificación urbana y paisajística. Esta tesis adopta la idea de que la aproximación de los servicios de paisajismo es una metodología mucho más adecuada que la de los servicios del ecosistema, puesto que la evaluación y los análisis espaciales de la capacidad de suministro de los servicios de paisajismo funcionarían mejor como guía para planificar infraestructuras verdes urbanas. Además, tomar en cuenta los servicios de paisajismo ofrece la posibilidad de incluir en la definición de las infraestructuras verdes urbanas a un tipo diferente de áreas con diferentes roles que suministren diferentes servicios (medioambientales, culturales). Para verificar las hipótesis, en primer lugar se propone una teoría general de los servicios de paisajismo en el contexto del paisaje, incluyendo su identificación y clasificación, mediante un estudio de caso (Parque Natural de Collserola) que justifica en qué situaciones estos servicios pueden tomar el relevo a los servicios del ecosistema. En segundo lugar, se utilizan varios servicios de paisajismo (eje X) y diferentes usos del suelo (eje Y) para crear una matriz de evaluación de servicios de paisajismo que contribuya a evaluar y a mapear el suministro de servicios de paisajismo. En el estudio de caso se toma el municipio de Barcelona para analizar las características de la distribución espacial de los servicios de paisajismo. A continuación, se identifican las posibles áreas espaciales características —es decir, las que pueden suministrar servicios de paisajismo, las infértiles y las obstruidas— mediante la superposición de mapas de evaluación de servicios de paisajismo. Finalmente, y sobre esta base, se ofrece una referencia para la planificación de infraestructuras verdes urbanas a través del reconocimiento de áreas protegidas prioritarias, áreas de nueva construcción, áreas potenciales y áreas de renovación. En estas distintas áreas se proporcionan varias estrategias para planificar tanto infraestructuras verdes urbanas como paisajes, donde se incluyen: (1) protección y mantenimiento de los espacios verdes de alta calidad existentes y de patrimonio paisajístico y cultural en las áreas protegidas prioritarias; (2) protección de los servicios culturales existentes y consideración de la demanda de nuevos servicios paisajísticos en áreas de nueva construcción; (3) identificación y regeneración de nuevos espacios verdes en parcelas vacías de los centros urbanos mediante el uso de estrategias innovadoras (por ejemplo, cubierta y paredes verdes); (4) se debería emprender una renovación ecológica y aplicar medidas de restauración en las áreas de renovación. En resumen, este trabajo pretende establecer una metodología para planificar mejor la infraestructura verde urbana basándose en la aproximación de los servicios de paisajismo, y proporcionar una nueva visión para promover un desarrollo sostenible regional con la integración del concepto y del enfoque de los servicios de paisajismo en la planificación de infraestructuras verdes urbanas.
The ecosystems services approach has represented a hot research area in academia during the past two decades as it is an effective way of strengthening the connection between ecosystems and human well-being. Landscape services, as a particular way of ecosystem services, have been increasingly valued highly by researchers. However, the scientific and systematic general theory of landscape services is still blank. Landscape services assessment and mapping can effectively carry out the spatial analysis on a specific scale that helps to maintain multi-functional landscapes and plan urban green infrastructure. In return, green infrastructure can deliver a wide variety of landscape functions and services, which promotes landscape sustainability. However, there is still a huge challenge regarding quantitative assessment and mapping of landscape services to support urban / landscape planning. This dissertation assumes landscape services approach is a much better and suitable methodology than ecosystem services approach, so the assessment and spatial analysis of the supply capacity of landscape services would be better guide urban green infrastructure planning. Besides, the consideration of landscape services offers the possibility for including in the definition of urban green infrastructures a different type of areas playing different roles and supplying different services (environmental plus cultural). In order to verify the hypotheses, first, this study proposes the general theory of landscape services in the context of landscape, including identification and classification, through the case study (the Collserola Natural Park) that justifying in which situation the landscape services can replace the ecosystem services. Second, this study uses various landscape services (as X-axis) and different land use types (as Y-axis) to build a landscape service assessment matrix, which contributes to assess and map the supply of landscape services. It takes the Barcelona municipality as the case study to analyse the spatial distribution characteristics of landscapes services within the investigation area. Then, this dissertation identifies the possible spatial characteristic areas, which are the landscape services provision, barren and obstructed areas by overlapping the supply of landscape services assessment maps. Finally, on this basis, it provides a reference for urban green infrastructure planning by recognising the priority protected areas, new construction areas, potential areas and renewal areas. In these different areas, several strategies for urban green infrastructure planning and landscape planning are provided, including: (1) the protection and maintenance of the existing high-quality green spaces, landscape and cultural heritage in the priority protected area; (2) the protection of the existing cultural services and consideration of the demand for other landscape services in the new construction area; (3) identification and regeneration of new green spaces in the vacant lots of compact urban cores using innovative strategies (e.g., green roof and wall); (4) ecological renewal and restoration measures should be done in the renewal area. To sum up, this dissertation aims to seek a methodology to plan urban green infrastructure better based on the landscape services approach, and to provide a new vision to promote sustainable regional development by integrating the concept and approach of landscape services into urban green infrastructure planning.

The presented dissertation entitled „Development and Validation of a Landscape Metrics Based Approach for Standardized Landscape Assessment Considering Spatial Patterns” addresses three main questions: I. Which ecosystem services depend on landscape structure? II. How can landscape metrics be used to achieve a standardized routine for assessing the impact of landscape structure on the hereon dependent ecosystem services? III. How can regional planning benefit from the consideration of landscape structural effects on the provision of ecosystem services? The PhD study was carried out in the context of the Climate Change adaptation project REGKLAM (funding code 01 LR 0802). The work package “Land Use” was conducted at the Institute of Soil Science and Site Ecology of the TU Dresden under the direction of Prof. Dr. Makeschin. The PhD study took place in the framework of a sub-work package of it, which was called “Integrated Land Use Assessment”. The aim of this sub-work package was the evaluation of Climate Change adaptation strategies at the landscape scale in a cross-sectoral manner. The ecosystem services concept was chosen as methodological framework for this purpose. Particular motivation of this PhD study was that landscape structural aspects are often not sufficiently considered in commonly used ecosystem services assessment approaches. A standardized assessment procedure regarding the impact of the composition and configuration of land use/ land cover types is not yet existent in contemporary planning approaches, neither in strategic environmental assessment. In my thesis, I developed in the period from 2010 to 2014 a methodological basis which addresses this challenge. My thesis was realized as cumulative dissertation, which consists of three articles. These articles are published in peer-reviewed, ISI-listed international journals, whereas the third article still is in press. The short introduction in chapter one gives information on the motivation and the structure of the thesis. In chapter two, the research hypothesis is formulated and scope and objectives are explained. Chapter three gives an overview of the history of landscape metrics, the state-of-the-art, and current research in topic. In chapter four, the model region, focus areas, and the methodological basis are described. The fifth chapter summarizes results of the three articles (Frank et al. 2012, 2013, in press). Discussions in chapter six critically reflect the methodology and identify limitations, strengths, and its contribution to regional planning and to decision-making. Furthermore, some suggestions for extending the approach to other ecosystem services, especially regulating services, are made and perspectives towards different research questions are shown. Chapter seven summarizes the main outcomes of the PhD study. The central output of the dissertation is a module of GISCAME, a land use change impact assessment platform for supporting regional planning. The landscape metrics based ecosystem services assessment approach facilitates calculation, combination, and interpretation of a choice of landscape metrics and, hence, the evaluation of the impact of composition and configuration of land use patterns on ecosystem services. I selected eleven focus areas in the planning region “Upper Elbe Valley/Eastern Ore Mountains” to demonstrate the application and validation of the landscape metrics based approach that I propose in my dissertation. With these use cases, I show that the landscape structure significantly influences the provision of the ecosystem services ecological integrity and landscape aesthetics. Within the first use case I could demonstrate that the afforestation planning can be enhanced by including landscape metrics in the planning process. Actual priority areas for afforestation do not contribute to ecological integrity at the regional scale. Landscape fragmentation, habitat connectivity, and landscape diversity must be taken into account in order to identify most efficient priority areas for afforestation in terms of enhancing ecological integrity. The second use case focused on the question, how landscape structure influences scenic beauty. By means of a survey, I performed a comparison between the landscape metrics based approach and landscape perception of 153 respondents. This test underpinned my assumption that a landscape metrics based routine allows conclusions on the value of landscape aesthetics. The third use case gives practical advice in the current planning challenge about how to enhance water erosion protection planning in the context of Climate Change. Here, I demonstrated that not only land use change in preferential water erosion paths, but especially the change of management strategies combined with an improvement of landscape structure have the capacity to reduce water erosion potential by 92 %. The results show that it is of great importance to consider landscape structural aspects in current and future regional planning questions because additional, relevant planning information becomes tangible. The comparison of the presented method with other landscape metrics based approaches for ecosystem services assessment shows that the interpretation of the landscape metric values in the GISCAME platform module goes one step further towards usability for planning support: its transparency, spatial transferability, and flexibility are the main strengths of the approach. However, there is a clear need to involve the impact of landscape structure aspects also regarding other ecosystem services
Die vorgelegte Dissertation mit dem Titel „Entwicklung und Validierung eines auf Landschaftsstrukturmaßen basierten Ansatzes zur standardisierten Landschaftsbewertung unter Berücksichtigung räumlicher Muster“ behandelt die drei Hauptfragen I. Welche Ökosystemdienstleistungen hängen von der Landschaftsstruktur ab? II. Wie können Landschaftsstrukturmaße genutzt werden, um ein standardisiertes Bewertungsverfahren dieser abhängigen Ökosystemdienstleistungen zu ermöglichen? III. Wie kann die Regionalplanung von der Berücksichtigung der Effekte von Landschaftsstruktur auf die Bereitstellung von Ökosystemdienstleistungen profitieren? Die Promotions-Studie wurde im Rahmen des Klimawandel-Anpassungs-Projektes REGKLAM (Förderkennzeichen 01 LR 0802) durchgeführt. Das Arbeitspaket „Landnutzung“ wurde am Institut für Bodenkunde und Standortslehre der TU Dresden unter Leitung von Prof. Dr. Makeschin bearbeitet. Die Promotions-Studie erfolgte im Rahmen des Teil-Arbeitstaktes „Integrierte Landnutzungsbewertung“. Ziel dieses Teil-Arbeitspaketes war die Bewertung von Klimawandel-Anpassungs-Strategien auf Landschaftsebene in Sektor-übergreifender Weise. Zu diesem Zweck wurde das Ökosystemdienstleistungskonzept als methodischer Rahmen gewählt. Der spezielle Anlass dieser Promotion-Studie war, dass landschaftsstrukturelle Aspekte in gebräuchlichen Ökosystemdienstleistungs-Bewertungsansätzen oft ungenügend berücksichtigt sind. Ein standardisiertes Bewertungsverfahren des Einflusses von Zusammensetzung und Anordnung von Landnutzungs-/Landbedeckungstypen existiert weder in aktuellen Planungsansätzen noch in Umweltverträglichkeitsprüfungen. In meiner Dissertation entwickelte ich im Zeitraum von 2010 bis 2014 eine methodische Grundlage, welche diese Herausforderung angeht. Meine Promotion wurde als kumulative Dissertation, welche aus drei Artikeln besteht, umgesetzt. Diese Artikel wurden in begutachteten, ISI-gelisteten, internationalen Journalen veröffentlicht, wobei sich das dritte aktuell im Druck befindet. Die kurze Einleitung im ersten Kapitel informiert über die Beweggründe und die Struktur der Dissertation. Im zweiten Kapitel ist die Forschungshypothese formuliert sowie Geltungsbereich und Zeile erläutert. Kapitel drei gibt einen Überblick über die Geschichte der Landschaftsstrukturmaße, den aktuellen Forschungsstand und aktuelle Forschungsfelder. Im vierten Kapitel sind die Modellregion, die Fallstudien-Gebiete, sowie methodische Grundlagen beschrieben. Das fünfte Kapitel fasst die Ergebnisse der drei Artikel (Frank et al. 2012, 2013, im Druck) zusammen. Diskussionen in Kapitel sechs reflektieren die Methodik kritisch und identifizieren ihre Grenzen und Stärken sowie den Beitrag der Ergebnisse zu Regionalplanung und Entscheidungsfindung. Darüber hinaus werden einige Empfehlungen zur Erweiterung des Ansatzes für weitere Ökosystemdienstleistungen, insbesondere regulierende Leistungen, getroffen und Perspektiven zur Anwendung für andere Forschungsfragen werden aufgezeigt. Kapitel sieben fasst schließlich die wichtigsten Ergebnisse der Promotions-Studie zusammen. Das zentrale Ergebnis der Dissertation ist eine Erweiterung des Entscheidungsunterstützungs-Werkzeuges GISCAME. Der auf Landschaftsstrukturmaßen basierende Ökosystemdienstleistungs-Bewertungsansatz ermöglicht die Berechnung, Kombination und Interpretation einer Auswahl von Landschaftsstrukturmaßen und somit die Bewertung des Einflusses von Zusammensetzung und Anordnung von Landnutzungsmustern auf Ökosystemdienstleistungen. Ich wählte elf Fokusgebiete in der Planungsregion „Oberes Elbtal/Osterzgebirge“ aus um die Anwendung und Validierung des auf Landschaftsstrukturmaßen basierenden Ansatzes, den ich in der Dissertation vorschlage, zu demonstrieren. Mittels dieser Anwendungsfälle zeige ich, dass die Landschaftsstruktur die Bereitstellung der Ökosystemdienstleistungen ökologische Integrität und Landschaftsästhetik erheblich beeinflusst. Im ersten Anwendungsfall konnte ich zeigen, dass die Aufforstungsplanung durch die Einbeziehung von Landschaftsstrukturmaßen in den Planungsprozess verbessert werden kann. Vorranggebiete für Waldmehrung in ihrer derzeitigen Form tragen nicht zur ökologischen Integrität auf der regionalen Ebene bei. Landschaftszerschneidung, Biotopverbund und Landschaftsdiversität müssen vermehrt beachtet werden, um Vorranggebiete für Waldmehrung für eine Verbesserung der ökologischen Intaktheit effizienter anzuordnen. Der zweite Anwendungsfall richtete sich auf die Frage, wie Landschaftsstruktur die Landschaftsästhetik beeinflusst. Mithilfe einer Befragung verglich ich den auf Landschaftsstrukurmaßen basierenden Ansatz mit der Landschaftswahrnehmung von 153 Befragten. Dieser Test untermauerte meine Annahme, dass das auf Landschaftsstrukurmaßen basierende Vorgehen Rückschlüsse auf den ästhetischen Wert einer Landschaft zulässt. Der dritte Anwendungsfall gibt praktische Hinweise bezüglich der aktuellen Planungs-Herausforderung, wie Erosionsschutzplanung im Kontext des Klimawandels verbesset werden kann. In diesem Fall konnte ich zeigen, dass nicht nur Landnutzungsänderungen in präferenziellen Abflussbahnen, sondern insbesondere eine Änderung der Bodenbearbeitungsstrategie in Kombination mit verbesserter Landschaftsstruktur das Potential hat, die potentielle Wassererosion um 92 % zu reduzieren. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass es von großer Bedeutung ist, landschaftsstrukturelle Aspekte in aktuellen und zukünftigen Planungsfragen zu berücksichtigen, da somit zusätzliche, maßgebliche Informationen greifbar werden. Der Vergleich der vorliegenden Methodik mit anderen Ansätzen, die Landschaftsstrukturmaße nutzen um Ökosystemdienstleistungen zu bewerten, zeigt, dass die automatisierte Interpretation der Landschaftsstrukturmaße mittels des neuen Moduls in GISCAME einen Schritt in Richtung Nützlichkeit für Planungsunterstützung geht: Transparenz, räumliche Übertragbarkeit und Flexibilität sind weitere Stärken des Ansatzes. Jedoch gibt es eindeutig den Bedarf den Einfluss von Landschaftsstruktur auf weitere Ökosystemdienstleistungen einzubeziehen

Att bevarandet av biologisk mångfald är en grundpelare för att nå en hållbar utveckling enades världens länder om i Konventionen om biologisk mångfald (CBD) som upprättades under toppmötet i Rio de Janeiro 1992. I konventionen förespråkas den s.k. ekosystemansatsen (EA), vilket är en strategi som innebär en helhetssyn på ekosystem. Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka i vilken grad EA tillämpas på nationell och regional nivå. Frågan är också om EA är en bra utgångspunkt för att upprätthålla biologisk mångfald på landskapsnivå samt vad som kan öka tillämpningen av EA på regional nivå. På nationell nivå analyserades två delar i miljömålspropositionen och på regional nivå analyserades de landskapsstrategier som sju län har fått i uppdrag av regeringen att upprätta i ett pilotprojekt. Min teoretiska utgångspunkt har varit ekosystemansatsen och dess principer och vägledande punkter. Metoden bestod av främst en kvantitativ innehållsanalys med kvalitativa inslag och som komplement utfördes fyra intervjuer.

Resultatet visade att de delar av miljömålspropositionen som analyserades i hög grad följde ekosystemansatsen. En brist i propositionen var dock att det saknades riktlinjer om att det behövdes involvering av olika aktörer när den ursprungliga definitionen av landskapsavsnittet i strategierna skulle bestämmas. Att denna aspekt var implicit ledde troligtvis till det faktum att den även var implicit i landskapsstrategierna. Tillämpningen av EA i landskapsstrategierna skedde, trots att länsstyrelserna endast tillämpade den indirekt, i ganska hög grad och särskilt togs hänsyn till sociala aspekter som involvering av olika aktörer i själva processen och kontakt med vetenskapliga discipliner. Det som däremot var bristfälligt gällde tillämpningen av komplexa aspekter, vilka inte klart hade uttryckts i riktlinjerna till länsstyrelserna från regeringen. Dessa faktorer var beaktande av förvaltning av ekosystem inom ramen för dess funktion, processer i ekosystem samt adaptiv förvaltning. Alla intervjupersoner var överens om att EA är övergripande och ganska luddig, men det måste den vara för att gälla globalt. Av vikt är att konkretisera den på nationell och regional nivå. Ett förslag är att Naturvårdsverket i detta projekt ger tydliga riktlinjer angående tillämpningen av EA i landskapsstrategierna och att det är en tvåvägskommunikation mellan Naturvårdsverket och länsstyrelserna så att det blir en iterativ process. Genom en konkretisering kan tillämpningen av EA öka och därmed ett steg tas mot en hållbar utveckling.

The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) promotes the Ecosystem Approach (EA), which is a strategy that endeavours to take a comprehensive approach to managing ecosystems. The aim of this report is to study to what degree the EA is being followed on a national and regional level. A key question of the research is whether EA is conceptually sound and whether it has been operationalised effectively at both national and regional scale. Using articulated EA principles and operational guidelines from the CBD this study analyzed the Government's national environmental directive concerning biodiversity. The same approach was also applied to an analysis of several regional landscape strategies that are being developed as part of a pilot project. The results show that the national biodiversity directive is largely consistent with an EA. Although one area of inadequacy was the level of involvement by different stakeholders in the original decision about defining the landscape area in the pilot studies. This was also a weakness in the landscape strategies- perhaps because communication on this issue was not explicit in the directive from the government.

The implementation of EA in the landscape strategies at the regional level was also found to be good, especially the participation from different stakeholders (especially local stakeholders) in the process and scientific institutions. However inadequate factors not represented in these strategies were complex ecological aspects such as principle 6 (ecosystem must be managed within the limits of their functioning) and operational guideline 1 (focus on the functional relationships and processes within ecosystems). Adaptive management (operational guideline 3), a relatively new approach in Sweden, was also found to be deficient. All the respondents agreed that the EA needed to be made more concrete on a national and regional level. A suggestion from the research to improve the development and adoption of the EA would be to develop iterative mechanisms between regional and national authorities to ensure national guiding principles are informed by more concrete regional experience. When the EA is implemented more effectively we will take one step further on the way to reaching a sustainable development.

Darbe analizuojami Lenkijos lietuvių rašytojo Sigito Birgelio dešimt poezijos rinkinių: „Tarp krantų“ 1992, „Tarp durų ir dulkių“ 1993, „Eilėraščiai iš anapus Dievo“ 1997, „Septynios dienos, septyneri metai“ 1998, „75 eilėraščiai“ 1999, „Iš toli ir arti“ 2003, „Holograma“ 2004, „Tarp trijų Šešupės krantų“ 2005, „Visadan esma“ 2006 ir „Septintas nakty“ 2012. Pasirinktoje lyrikoje ieškoma Punsko ir Seinų krašto, Lietuvos, Lenkijos ir kitų regionų kraštovaizdžio, vietų reikšmės kultūros kontekste. Dėmesys skiriamas poeto gimtosios vietos jotvingiškajam kraštovaizdžiui. Darbe neapsiribojama žvilgsniu į kaimo vietas, pasižyminčias aiškiu kultūros vaizdiniu, bet tiriama ir miesto topografija. Poeto kuriamas individualus žemėlapis lyrikoje atveria ribos vaizdinį, kurį formuoja gyvenimas prie dviejų valstybių – Lenkijos ir Lietuvos ribos.
This paper analyses ten collections of poems written by Lithuanian poet living in Poland Sigitas Birgelis: „Tarp krantų” (1992), „Tarp durų ir dulkių” (1993), „Eilėraščiai iš anapus Dievo” (1997), „Septynios dienos, septyneri metai” (1998), „75 eilėraščiai” (1999), „Iš toli ir arti” (2003), „Holograma” (2004), „Tarp trijų Šešupės krantų” (2005), „Visadan esma” (2006) and „Septintas nakty” (2012). The meaning of places in the cultural context are sought in chosen lyrics including Punskas and Seinai regions as well as Polish, Lithuanian and other landscapes. The most attention is paid for Yotvingian landscape of the poet’s homeland. This work does not confine to taking a glimpse into the village landscape, which are characterized by clear cultural scenery, instead, it examines the topography of the city. Personal map created by Birgelis’ in lyrics opens the border image, which is being formed by the everyday life near the border of two countries - Poland and Lithuania.

Um dos grandes desafios na esfera do planejamento e gestão ambiental reside na necessidade de superar as distintas formas de regionalização. Desde os primórdios são inúmeros os esforços de unificação de bases que permitam uma gestão conciliatória de limites e intervenções no espaço. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a dinâmica de paisagens no Baixo Curso do Rio Ipojuca (Pernambuco), possibilitando a identificação de diferentes níveis de complexidade para o planejamento e gestão dessa área objeto, a partir das transformações e permanências de atividades econômicas responsáveis pela dinâmica sócio-espacial da área. O recorte aqui adotado tem sua escolha justificada por pontos de pressão que caracterizam significativos impactos na dinâmica da bacia em sua totalidade, sendo estes: a presença do Complexo Portuário-Industrial de Suape e a existência secular de atividades em larga escala relacionadas à produção e transformação da cana-de-açúcar. O entendimento de paisagem neste trabalho se dá de forma sistêmica e integrada, pela qual os constituintes abióticos, bióticos e antrópicos são compreendidos de forma interdependente. A análise dessas paisagens possibilitou uma aproximação de sua atual configuração, assim como projetaram-se tendências no sentido das alteração mediante alteração, introdução ou ainda modificação de seu padrão por meio de grandes empreendimentos estatais e privados. O Complexo Industrial Portuário de Suape recebe uma atenção maior, já que apresenta uma um contexto em termos de planejamento totalmente diferenciado do seu entorno, a partir da verificação de uma regionalização que privilegia aspectos socioeconômicos e coloca os elementos / recursos naturais em segundo plano. A sobreposição desse quadro junto à uma análise regional por meio de dados estatísticos apontam para um direcionamento de total modificação da região, demandando urgentemente novas políticas de planejamento voltadas para a geração de um quadro de sustentabilidade socioeconômica e cultural.
One of the greatest challenges in environmental planning and management is related to the need of overcoming the different regionalization forms. Since the beginnings, several are the unifying the basis efforts which allow a conciliatory limits management and space interventions. This project aims to analyze the landscape dynamics of the lower course of Ipojuca River (Pernambuco) enabling the identification of different complexity levels towards the planning and management of this object area, from the transformations and continuities of economic activities responsible for the dynamic of the socio-spatial area. The cutting choice here proposed if justified by the pressure points which characterize significant impacts in the dynamic of the basin in its whole such as: the presence of Suapes port-industry complex and the century existence of large scale activities related to sugar cane production and transformation. The landscape understanding in this work is presented in a systemic and integrated form, which the abiotic, biotic and anthropic components are understood in a interdependent way. These landscapes analysis allowed an approximation of its current configuration, as well as projected trends are towards the amendments, introduction or modification of its standards by large state or private enterprises means. The Suapes Port- Industry Complex receives a greater attention, as it presents a context in planning terms, completely different from its surroundings, since the verification and a regionalization which favors socioeconomic aspects and presents the natural elements/resources in second place. The overlap of such situation along with a regional analysis by statistic data points to a total region modification direction, urgently requiring new planning policies aimed at generating a framework for socioeconomic and cultural sustainability.

Insekten spielen eine bedeutende Rolle im Erhalt von Waldökosystemen, haben aber auch eine nicht zu vernachlässigende ökonomische Bedeutung. Obwohl die ökologische sowie ökonomische Bedeutung von Insekten bekannt ist, gibt es bisher wenig Forschung zu den Dynamiken von herbivoren Insekten in der westamerikanischen Nadelholzzone, insbesondere durch die Art Choristoneura occidentalis. Der Mangel an Studien kann durch ein Fehlen von geeigneten Methoden zur Quantifizierung von Insektenausbrüchen auf der Landschafts- und Regionalskala erklärt werden. Die Nutzung von Fernerkundung vermag diese Wissenslücke zu schließen. Das übergeordnete Ziel dieser Dissertation ist daher, anhand von Fernerkundung ein besseres Verständnis der raumzeitlichen Muster von Insektenausbrüchen in der nord-west amerikanischen Nadelholzzone zu erlangen. Die spezifischen Forschungsfragen der Dissertation sind: (1) Inwieweit kann Fernerkundung die Kartierung und Quantifizierung von Insektenausbrüchen, insbesondere durch Herbivoren, unterstützen? (2) Was sind die raumzeitlichen Muster und Prozesse von Ausbrüchen des Choristoneura occidentalis in der west-nord-amerikanischen Nadelholzzone? Anhand des rezenten Ausbruches in Britisch Kolumbien, Kanada, wurde gezeigt, dass Fernerkundung ein geeigneter Weg ist um die raumzeitlichen Muster von Choristoneura occidentalis zu rekonstruieren. Mit dieser Erkenntnis konnten die hauptsächlichen Triebkräfte hinter diesen raumzeitlichen Mustern erklärt werden. So zeigte sich, dass sich die Dynamiken durch Ausbreitung adulter Motten, eine hohe Abundanz von Wirtsbäumen, Wetter, sowie deren Interaktion erklärt werden konnte. Aus den Ergebnissen kann geschlossen werden, dass Ausbrüche herbivorer Insekten in der westamerikanischen Nadelholzzone durch Prozesse welche über ein Management auf Standesebene hinausgehen bestimmt werden. Ein nachhaltiges Waldmanagement sollte daher neben Standfaktoren auch Faktoren auf Landschafts- und Regionalebene berücksichtigen.
Insect disturbances play a key role for maintaining healthy forest ecosystems, though they are also important for the timber industry, reducing yields and wood quality during major outbreaks. Despite the ecological and economic importance of insect disturbances, the outbreak dynamics of defoliating insects of the coniferous forests of western North America -- in particular the western spruce budworm Choristoneura occidentalis - are yet poorly understood. This is partly caused by a lack of suitable methods for quantifying landscape to regional scale outbreak patterns. Remote sensing time series analysis can help overcoming this challenge. Consequently, the overall goal of this dissertation was to increase the understanding of landscape to regional scale patterns and processes of insect defoliator disturbances in the coniferous forests of western North America with the help of Landsat remote sensing. Precisely, the research questions of the dissertation were: (1) How can Landsat remote sensing be used to map and quantify insect defoliator outbreaks? (2) What are the spatiotemporal patterns and processes of outbreaks of western spruce budworm in the coniferous forests of western North America? Using the current outbreak in British Columbia as example, it could be demonstrated that Landsat time series can be used to map and quantify the spatial and temporal dynamics of budworm outbreaks at the landscape and regional scale. The outbreak dynamics were mainly driven by direct effects and interactions of moth dispersal, host abundance, and weather patterns. Concluding from my results, it is suggested that outbreaks of forest defoliators in the coniferous forests of western North America are governed by factors that go beyond stand level management. Forest management thus should consider those factors in their operational planning, as well as in their models of future forest change.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, School of Public and Environmental Affairs, 2005.
Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 66-02, Section: A, page: 0755. Adviser: Elinor Ostrom. Title from dissertation home page (viewed Oct. 18, 2006).

Perceptions of compatibility of residential structures in Tucson's natural landscape were evaluated. Designers and non-designers, architecture and psychology students, respectively, rated 25 digital images of houses. Computer image processing techniques were used to vary color on the houses to test for contrast effects. The two groups' perceptions of compatibility were congruent while their judgments differed for color and style compatibility.

This thesis is an examination of National Recreation Areas managed by the National Park Service, the Forest Service, and the Bureau of Land Management. It is exploratory in nature and seeks to illustrate their history, how well they are working today, and prospects for the decade of the 1990's. Included is information about the history, benefits, and trends of federal provision of outdoor recreation opportunities. Also included is a section on planning theory and conceptual frameworks--the concept of Multiple-Use, and the theory of Transactive Planning, as developed by John Friedmann. Managers of thirty-six of thirty-seven existing national recreation areas were interviewed by telephone concerning area attributes, the designation process, public support, enabling legislation, impacts of designation, and management mechanisms. A second research effort consisted of the creation of a computer database that serves as an index to the enabling legislation of all thirty-seven areas.

This thesis is based on a model of critical feminist ethnography, designed to explore how practice nurses experience their daily work life in rural and regional general practice. Here, rural and regional practice includes small and large organisations based outside the metroploitan area that employ practice nurses, some in large regional centres and others in small regional communities. Ownership of the general practicioners, local government, regional health services, Aboriginal medical services, universities and private-for-profit businesses.

This study examines landscape regulations and their potential to improve the urban environments of developing countries. The literature on environmental problems of developing countries suggests that landscape solutions must be both economic and environmentally sound. Religion and cultural ethics are the basis for landscape values in the Muslim society. Religion governs Muslims. The religious landscape values would be readily acceptable by Islamic society when used as an implementation strategy. Model landscape guidelines are presented for Karachi, Pakistan which should be helpful in preparing actual landscape regulations. Karachi's economic constraints pose unavoidable restrictions. Setting up design standards requires a careful and realistic approach. Suggestions are made to build up a conceptual policy umbrella at the national, and provincial level, providing a basis for developing landscape regulations by local governments.

The growing pressure on natural resources and biodiversity has led to a widespread acknowledgement of the services nature provides for humans. The appropriate representation of the benefits of sustainable land use in decision-making is still a challenge and tools that facilitate land use planning processes are needed. The dissertation presents a multicriteria assessment approach for a qualitative estimation of regional potentials to provide ecosystem services. This approach has been applied in several case studies in Saxony, Eastern Germany and Brasil. The ecosystem services concept builts the methodological framework for the assessment as it offers a universal approach to evaluate the impact of Land use/ Land cover change (LULCC) on human well-being. Since standardized methodical approaches for ecosystem services assessment at the landscape level are lacking, a particular requirement was to conceive a method that is easily transferable to other case study areas. Further the method should enable the use of existing and easily available environmental data, and it should be transparent for stakeholders and decision makers. The results of our study show that the combination of selected ecosystem services and land cover data such as CORINE Land Cover (CLC) can contribute to regional planning by communicating the effect of LULCC on ecosystem services, especially when applied as an evaluation basis in the tool GISCAME. The approach supports also the assessment of the performance of a region to provide ecosystem services and the comparison of regions towards this aspect. In the discussion section, the limitations of the developed approach are discussed. Main sources of uncertainty are related to coarse land cover data, lacking knowledge on the provision of ecosystem services at a landscape scale, and the difficulty to make relevant the ecosystem services concept in regional planning processes.

The idea of "region" in America has often served to isolate places from each other. Whether in the nostalgic celebration of folk cultures or the urbane distaste for "hicks," certain regions of the country are identified as static, and culturally disconnected from everywhere else. This title explores this trend and offers alternatives to it.
https://dc.etsu.edu/alumni_books/1005/thumbnail.jpg

Significance: Through the medium of a pilot study on the Garden Cities Wolfson Economics Prize (UK) and the three main case studies (Catalonia/Netherlands/UK), the thesis investigates the key ideas of each project, evaluating their effectiveness related to sustainability and quality concepts. The exploration of European and UK large-scale projects is interpreted on a journey to innovative and successful landscape schemes, giving the opportunity to this thesis to evaluate their effectiveness and delivery with regards to low carbon and spatial quality. Rigour: The examination of the state of the art in regional landscape design concepts was based on the identification of the key ideas by current theory, the communication methods, and their impact to large-scale project development. Establishing collaborations with pioneer projects in Catalonia, the Netherlands and the UK, the study has developed a specific methodology that allows the identification of key issues, such as low carbon and quality of space, as well as the evaluation of their dissemination and interpretation through the landscape project process. A pilot study (Garden cities – Wolfson economics prize) followed by three case studies (Landscape Observatory, the Netherlands and HS2/HS2LV) are the main steps to evaluate the effectiveness of the processes followed and the best practices towards a sustainable and quality landscape design. Originality: The contribution to knowledge of this thesis lies upon the identification and creation of sustainable strategic schemes that work effectively at the scale of landscape projects, affecting positively the way regions are conceptualized and addressed. The need for a project framework supported by policies and legislation that will secure the early integration of ideas such as low carbon, spatial quality and drawings, is identified as a significant step towards successful project implementation and impacts on the extent to which key issues will be delivered in strategic schemes. The recognition of drawings and visuals as communication tools, through the landscape project process, improves the understanding of the land and acts significantly in the interpretation of the landscape vision as well as the integration of key issues in strategic schemes. Evidence collected during the study indicates that innovative projects can form theory and therefore that the key issues of low carbon and spatial quality can be interpreted differently across Europe, playing distinct roles, and gaining significant importance to the landscape project process. Impact: The proposal for a common European and UK agenda related to strategic landscape schemes will share lessons of good practice suggesting ways to strengthen the areas of sustainable landscape development and it will improve understanding, communication, and implementation of low carbon and spatial quality, by sharing knowledge and adopting best practices, creating a sustainable environment.

xvii, 397 p. : ill., maps.
Thousands of films are produced every year in the United States, and only a fraction of these is made by mainstream Hollywood film studios. Independent filmmakers working in regional locations produce the majority of these films, retaining financial, creative and distribution control and working with locally-based cast and crew members. This film activity must be acknowledged in order to fully understand the American film industry. This study examines regional independent filmmaking through case studies of two film communities: Portland, Oregon and Seattle, Washington. Using political economy of communication as the primary theoretical foundation, this study focuses on the infrastructure (systems, policies, resources and practices) that supports and/or limits the production and distribution of independent films. The research utilizes extensive document analysis of historical materials and contemporary documents produced by organizations and individuals, as well as a survey of 60 film professionals and interviews with over 40 film professionals. A central challenge to independent filmmaking is the term "independent," which has been contested by film professionals and scholars; therefore, this study analyzes and offers a new definition of "independent filmmaking." The history of filmmaking activity in Portland and Seattle is presented, as well as an extensive discussion of the contemporary landscape of regional independent filmmaking in these two communities. The study finds that there are a multitude of contradictions pertaining to financing, distribution, labor and myths of independent filmmaking. These contradictions present a range of opportunities and challenges that often simultaneously conflict with each other. The filmmaking communities in Portland and Seattle have notable networks of support, including professional and educational organizations, film festivals, government initiatives and a few locally-operated distributors. However, filmmakers in both cities also share challenges in financing, distribution and labor. The study argues that regional independent filmmaking has made a dynamic and influential contribution to the American film industry and cultural production but has been under-explored in academic scholarship. The research also points to the need to examine and understand the contradictions of independent filmmaking to improve the circumstances and infrastructure that support regional independent filmmaking.
Committee in charge: Dr. Janet Wasko, Chairperson; Dr. Gabriela Martinez, Member; Dr. H. Leslie Steeves, Member; Dr. Michael Aronson, Outside Member

This study focused on using a mapping tool, Space Syntax, to analyze the connectivity of the Cache County road network and its use to plan for bicycles. Space Syntax is being compared to another method that is already used by city planners called Bicycle Level of Service, or BLOS. The two analyses used data from Cache County and, after they were modeled and evaluated, a statistical analysis was done to see how similar one is to the other. The analyses were done at both a regional and a local scale. At both scales the analyses were not similar. Data was added to the Space Syntax analysis at both scales to see if it would influence making it more similar to BLOS. Adding the data had no effect in making them similar. It was determined that Space Syntax and BLOS are not similar and more research would need to be done to attempt to make them similar. They both have advantages and disadvantages to them when being used for planning for bicycles. One is not necessarily better than the other, as they are two different methods that could be used.

For Maori the cultural landscape is the foundation of traditional, historical and spiritual values and is fundamental to their cultural ideology. It is the relationship between people and the land that bestows Maori with a sense of cultural identity and belonging. At present the cultural landscape is under increasing pressure from inappropriate development, resulting not only in the destruction of the physical landscape but also defilement of associated intrinsic values. Planning for Maori cultural landscape values at the district level is challenging, with limited sucess in curbing landscape degradation under a dominant western planning regime. This study examines the planning process incorporating the cultural landscape values of Maori within the context of the Dunedin district. An overview of cultural landscape significance is provided. The study also assesses the current measures employed onto the landscape. The study also assesses the current measures employed for protecting the cultural landscape and offers recommendations for improving the integration of cultural landscape values into the planning process, both at a general level and with particular reference to three case studies of culturally significant landscapes in Dunedin. A combination of in-depth interviews with local Maori and Dunedin City Council planners, literature review, district plan content analysis and case studies established that current protection measures engaged by the Dunedin City Council are insufficient and lack the specificity required for adequate cultural landscape protection. A general lack of comprehension regarding cultural landscape meaning amongst planners was also found. It is recommended that cultural landscape planning extends beyond statutory requirements to adopt a collaborative approach, with Maori having a more significant role in the planning process. Three main recommendations for future management of the cultural landscape are provided: identification, co-management and public education. Together these recommendations promote a move towards a planning system with a greater bi-cultural focus. Improved protection provisions in planning will ensure the continuation and enhancement of the Maori cultural landscape into the future, as part of New Zealand�s heritage.

Tourism is an economic alternative to revitalise Turkey's economy. However, without good planning, it can turn out to be a big damage on natural resources of an area. Yumurtalik is a study area of this thesis. Yumurtalik is a small town (population, 3970) located on the east Mediterranean coast 74 kilometre from the fourth biggest city, Adana, of Turkey. Tourism is in beginning stage in the town, though possible boom is expected because of town's natural, historic resources and availability to all budget types. Review of literature on tourism, coastal and historic planning and our surveys indicate that integrated form of tourism that respect local landscapes as well as local culture and heritage is the most appealing way to benefit from tourism for Yumurtalik. National scale tourism is suggested. Revitalisation of Old Town and creating new attractions are proposed along with preserving natural open space along the coast.

Based upon literature search, field investigation, examination of the halophyte collection at the Environmental Research Laboratory in Tucson, Arizona, and an expert survey, 97 salt-tolerant plants have been identified for the use as landscape plants. The plants were screened at salinity levels between 5 and 40 ppt which are critical for plant survival. The globally gathered data revealed information about landscape criteria, such as aesthetic value, climate amelioration, soil stabilization, color, form and drought tolerance, which were organized into architectural, engineering and design categories. These landscape halophytes range from herbaceous ground covers to woody trees. The data were filed in a computer data base, including detailed information about the description and performance of every plant, habitat requirements, maintenance, landscape values and economic uses. The data base, which is continually up-dated, is a search-type, which functions as an information storage system and is designed to provide plant selection by needed characteristics or intended use.

Jesse Graves was born and raised in Sharps Chapel, Tennessee, where his ancestors settled in the 1780s. His poems and essays have appeared in Prairie Schooner, Southern Quarterly, Connecticut Review, and other journals, anthologies, and collections. He teaches at East Tennessee State University, where he is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Literature and Language. "I admire the assurance, the formal authority of Graves’ craft."—Robert Morgan
https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu_books/1096/thumbnail.jpg

Between 1960 and 1991, the population of Rondonia, Brazil increased from 70,000 to 1.3 million. This increase occurred during the thirty-year period bracketing the rise to statehood, during which a rural population also became largely urban. Simultaneously, the loss of tropical rain forest in the state progressed at unparalleled rates. This dissertation examines some of the ways in which these two rapidly changing aspects of Rondonia's landscape are related to each other. The research project employs a framework grounded in realist philosophy, a flexible approach that facilitates research into processes that are unfolding at a regional scale but which occur within the context of broader national and international structures. Several kinds of connections between urban population growth and deforestation are examined, including land conversion for urban use, food consumption in urban areas, wood consumption for housing in urban areas, and power consumption in urban areas. Urban sprawl is found to be significantly and positively correlated with deforestation at the municipio level, but the absolute magnitude of urban sprawl is very small relative to total deforestation. No spatial correlation is found between urban settlement and the dedication of land to food crops. A weak but positive correlation is found between urban demand for timber and total deforestation, but the absolute magnitude of local timber demand is found to be very small in comparison to forest clearing. The recent diversification of the timber industry in order to absorb urban labor may have profound implications for demand on forest resources in the future. Electricity generation has been destructive of rain forest, and capacity already under construction is likely to have further such impacts. The cultural landscape of Rondonia reflects an orientation that is increasingly outward-looking. Rondonia's cities and towns are becoming more closely connected with one another and more fully integrated with the outside world. Early incentives to settle in Rondonia contributed to deforestation, but the curtailment of these incentives did not curtail deforestation. Rondonia is a place caught between two opposite pressures: the pressure to preserve the rain forest and the pressure to participate in the world economy as consumers.

"February 2002" Bibliography: leaves 117-128. This work explores traditional Inuit and Western scientific ways of knowing and seeing the Arctic through a number of cultural expressions of landscape. Inuit and Western perceptions of the Arctic are analysed by examining a series of thematic and cognitive 'maps', drawings and satellite imagery. The study focuses on how these forms of landscape representation and methods of navigation shape the way in whcih the Arctic is perceived. Centred on Inuit coastal villages in Nunavik (Northern Quebec), Canada, the study illustrates different and converging ways of reading the landscape through maps.

The author argues the imperative of the regional landscape and the benefits of preserving experience of regional identity. The author identifies the freeway landscape as the optimal territory for one s experience of a region. The dissertation focuses on the R21 freeway route connecting O.R Tambo International Airport to the city of Pretoria. The route is well used commuter and transportation network within the region of Gauteng. The route also serves as the international gateway to South Africa. The current condition of the roadside environment has been neglected by design. Few initiatives have been taken in considering the route as the first impression of the country. The design intervention celebrates the unique character of the Gauteng Highveld landscape in general and specifically the qualities of the landscape seen along the R21 freeway. The author identifies a series of problematic and opportune cultural, social and ecological aspects along the freeway and aims to address them through embracing the spirit of the Gauteng Highveld. The design objective is to unlock elements of the landscape that are not necessarily seen or appreciated in attempt to challenge current perceptions about beauty and aesthetics.
Mini Dissertation (ML(Prof))--University of Pretoria, 2015.
tm2016
Architecture
ML(Prof)
Unrestricted