Relevant bibliographies by topics / Regional disparities – european union countries

Academic literature on the topic 'Regional disparities – european union countries'

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Published: 26 July 2024
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Journal articles on the topic "Regional disparities – european union countries"

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Linhartova, Veronika. "Regional corruption variability in the European countries." Global Journal of Business, Economics and Management: Current Issues 9, no. 3 (November 30, 2019): 156–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/gjbem.v9i3.4434.

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Quantification of the corruption rate in smaller sub-national areas is still a significantly unexplored area. Sub-national resolution of corruption rate could bring an entirely new dimension to the theory of causes and consequences of regional disparities. There are numerous reasons why to focus on this issue. Perhaps the strongest one is that if corruption negatively affects the economic performance, as many studies claim, the elimination of corruption in certain regions may be the key for the elimination of regional economic disparities and thus increase the economic performance of the state. Analysis of regional corruption may also lead to the creation of regional anti-corruption provisions that can bring a reduction of corruption rate at the national level. This context is formulated the main goal of this article. A new corruption quantification method reflecting inter-regional differences in the level of corruption in the European countries is designed. Using this method, it is possible to draw a comparison of individual NUTS II regions and identify those which are more affected by corruption than the others. A high level of corruption variability was confirmed for NUTS II regions, especially in Italy. Because of this variability, it could be very deceptive to evaluate the country as a whole from the corruption level viewpoint. Keywords: Corruption, world bank, European union, economic performance, regional disparities, control of corruption.
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Linhartova, Veronika. "Regional corruption variability in the European countries." New Trends and Issues Proceedings on Humanities and Social Sciences 6, no. 8 (December 31, 2019): 21–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/prosoc.v6i8.4544.

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Quantification of the corruption rate in smaller sub-national areas is still a significantly unexplored area. Sub-national resolution of corruption rate could bring an entirely new dimension to the theory of causes and consequences of regional disparities. There are numerous reasons why to focus on this issue. Perhaps the strongest one is that if corruption negatively affects the economic performance, as many studies claim, the elimination of corruption in certain regions may be the key for the elimination of regional economic disparities and thus increase the economic performance of the state. Analysis of regional corruption may also lead to the creation of regional anti-corruption provisions that can bring a reduction of corruption rate at the national level. The main goal of this article is formulated in this context. A new corruption quantification method reflecting inter-regional differences in the level of corruption in the European countries is designed. Using this method, it is possible to draw a comparison of individual NUTS II regions and identify those which are more affected by corruption than the others. A high level of corruption variability was confirmed for NUTS II regions, especially in Italy. Because of this variability, it could be very deceptive to evaluate the country as a whole from the corruption level viewpoint. Keywords: Corruption, world bank, European union, economic performance, regional disparities, control of corruption.
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Ezcurra, Roberto, and Pedro Pascual. "Fiscal Decentralization and Regional Disparities: Evidence from Several European Union Countries." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 40, no. 5 (May 2008): 1185–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a39195.

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Maras, Marin. "The spillover effect of European Union funds between the regions of the new European Union members." Croatian Review of Economic, Business and Social Statistics 8, no. 1 (June 1, 2022): 58–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/crebss-2022-0005.

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Abstract As the differences between the regions are more pronounced than among the countries, NUTS 2 regions of the new members that joined the EU after 2000 are considered. Due to the presence of externalities between the regions, the Solow growth model using interregional externalities is used. This is modelled by spatial econometrics, the method of maximum likelihood. According to previous research, the effects of European funds in the EU on reducing disparities are not unique, but contradictory. From the mentioned research for new members, we can conclude that the research shows a positive effect of European funds on growth rates. There is a noticeable lack of research analyzing the impact of EU funding on new members after the 2008 crisis, including their mutual regional interaction. The aim is to determine the impact of EU funding on reducing regional disparities as measured by GDP per capita. The paper shows that an increase in European funding increases growth rates, thus contributing to the reduction of interregional disparities. European funding, which is mostly targeted at less developed regions, represents an opportunity for new members and potential new members to move closer to more developed old members. The spillover effect of European funds represents the key contribution to the positive effect of EU funds, i.e. the advantage of the application of spatial econometrics. Also, these spillovers have proven to be an important factor whose omission in models estimated by the OLS leads to bias. Regional externalities should be taken into account in regional divisions by regional policymakers, and in creating the distribution of funds for the next programming period. The effect of funding in the region itself without the spillover effect does not contribute to reducing disparities, which represents a future opportunity, especially for the poorest regions, such as the regions in Bulgaria and Romania.
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Stawicki, M., and A. Wojewódzka-Wiewiórska. "Regional Differentiation of GDP at the NUTS-3 Level in Selected European Countries after their Accession to the European Union." Economy of Regions 19, no. 4 (2023): 1224–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.17059/ekon.reg.2023-4-20.

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The issue of regional development is gaining importance due to the disproportions in its socio-economic aspects. The study aims to identify changes in economic development of selected countries which joined the European Union (EU) in 2004. The study examines small NUTS-3 (Nomenclature of territorial units for statistics) regions, which are territories determined for statistical purpose, that are less often analysed in the literature. Moreover, it focuses on spatial aspects, also considering rarely examined urban-rural typology of regions. The value and dynamics of gross domestic product (GDP) changes were presented using the Eurostat data for 2004–2019 on GDP per capita ratio (PPS) and GDP per capita (in % in relation to the EU-28 average). The analysis uses basic statistical and convergence measures; regional disparities were presented on graphs and maps. It was found that the examined EU countries are internally different in terms of economic development. The growth of GDP per capita was most dynamic in the Baltic States, Slovakia and Poland. The dynamics of GDP per capita in relation to the EU average was higher in regions — regardless of the type — where the value of GDP per capita was lower at the time of accession to the EU. In rural regions, the dynamics of development changes was smaller in relation to other types of regions. Convergence (both beta and sigma) is occurring at a very low level. Further research may focus on the reasons for enclosed disparities and factors of the ongoing changes.
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Petrakos, George, Andrés Rodríguez-Pose, and Antonis Rovolis. "Growth, Integration, and Regional Disparities in the European Union." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 37, no. 10 (October 2005): 1837–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a37348.

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In this paper we challenge the ability of the conventional methods initiated by Barro and Sala-i-Martin in the early 1990s to detect actual convergence or divergence trends across countries or regions and suggest an alternative dynamic framework of analysis, which allows for a better understanding of the forces in operation. With the use of a SURE model and time-series data for eight European Union (EU) member states, we test directly for the validity of two competing hypotheses: the neoclassical (NC) convergence hypothesis originating in the work of Solow and the cumulative causation hypothesis stemming from Myrdal's theories. We also account for changes in the external environment, such as the role of European integration on the level of regional disparities. Our findings indicate that both short-term divergence and long-term convergence processes coexist. Regional disparities are reported to follow a procyclical pattern, as dynamic and developed regions grow faster in periods of expansion and slower in periods of recession. At the same time, significant spread effects are also in operation, partly offsetting the cumulative impact of growth on space. Similar results are obtained from the estimation of an intra-EU model of disparities at the national level, indicating that the forces in operation are independent of the level of aggregation. Our findings challenge the view of economic growth as the main driver for a reduction of regional disparities and contribute to the growing scientific evidence that points towards the need to rethink current EU-wide regional development policies.
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Oțil, Maria Daniela, Andra Miculescu, and Laura Mariana Cismaș. "Disparities in Regional Economic Development in Romania." Annals of the Alexandru Ioan Cuza University - Economics 62, s1 (October 1, 2015): 37–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aicue-2015-0035.

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Abstract The issue of economic disparities within the European Union economies is not new, it is actually a topical issue. Unfortunately, the EU enlargement has determined an even stronger deepening of the regional disparities, because in the absence of adequate regional development policies, the financial instruments have proved to be ineffective. Recent studies show that the economic crisis has increased regional disparities in the European Union countries, influencing the most important regions, especially the economically less advanced ones, the significant regional differences being identified at the NUTS 3 level. Based on these issues, the present paper tries to answer the following questions: 1. How extended are the regional disparities in Romania and how did they evolve over the period 1998-2012? 2. How did the economic crisis influence disparities? Which territorial units were more affected? In order to measure regional inequalities the Hoover index was used as well as the coefficient of variation, and the indicator for assessing the level of development as well as for highlighting regional disparities was GDP per capita. The analysis and interpretation of the results provide an overview of the situation at the regional level in Romania
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Vosejpková, M. "Approaches to the rural development problems in the European Union and in some of the Central and Eastern European countries." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 48, No. 4 (February 29, 2012): 171–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5299-agricecon.

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Utilisation of regional policy helps to reduce disparities among regions. The approaches to solving these problems in the European Union differ from the approaches practised in Central and Eastern European countries. The development of rural areas in the European Union is realised through the principles of regional policy and its instruments, i.e. Structural Funds, in co-operation with the Common Agricultural Policy. The applied assistance from the Structural Funds is aimed at the objectively defined areas. The situation of countries with many socio-economic problems is reflected in the weak demographic structures of these regions. Solutions of the problematic situation can be found in implementation of the approach supporting the development of multi-functional agriculture and a broader social and territorial context of economic development in all adopted tools of rural development. The way of supporting diversification of the competitive rural economic structure based on encouraging new activities leads also through integrated programmes. Regional policy realisation in the CEECs depends on the institutional framework created in the dependence of the habits applied by the past political regime of the relevant country. The basic issue for the sustainable development of rural areas can be seen in diversification of agricultural activities, creation of small firms and development of tourism together with sustaining the countryside specifics.
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Negoita, Silvius Ioan, Romeo Victor Ionescu, Monica Laura Zlati, Valentin Marian Antohi, and Alexandru Nechifor. "New Regional Dynamic Cancer Model across the European Union." Cancers 15, no. 9 (April 28, 2023): 2545. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers15092545.

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Background: Can increasing levels of economic wealth significantly influence changes in cancer incidence and mortality rates? Methods: We investigated this issue by means of regression analyses based on the study of incidence and mortality indicators for lip, oral cavity, and pharyngeal; colon; pancreatic; lung; leukaemia; brain and central nervous system cancers in correlation with the levels of economic welfare and financial allocations to health at the level of the European Union member states, with the exception of Luxembourg and Cyprus for which there are no official statistical data reported. Results: The results of the study showed that there were significant disparities both regionally and by gender, requiring corrective public policy measures that were formulated in this study. Conclusions: The conclusions highlight the main findings of the study in terms of the evolution of the disease, present the significant aspects that characterise the evolution of each type of cancer during the period analysed (1993–2021), and highlight the novelty and limitations of the study and future directions of research. As a result, increasing economic welfare is a potential factor in halting the effects of cancer incidence and mortality at the population level, while the financial allocations to health of EU member countries’ budgets are a drawback due to large regional disparities.
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Protić, Marina. "European Union Investment Funds in the Western Balkans with International Audit Standards." Dialogue and Universalism 32, no. 3 (2022): 263–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/du202232351.

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The European Union conceives IPA preaccession assistance funds as an instrument of support to the countries of the Western Balkans in the process of European integra-tion. The components of assistance include the most important spheres of public life, embracing regional integration and service economy as segments of social development of the countries. The regional interconnection is realized through various forms of cross-border cooperation between countries in their accession to the European Union project. In order to use the funds, joint local and regional initiatives are formulated in the context of achieving sustainable economic and social development. Those projects comprise adequate arrangements for all relevant subjects with the use of modern technologies and modalities of implementation. Funds contribute to the improvement of inter-state cooperation, reducing regional disparities and ensuring balanced development of the Balkan countries. The generally accepted international auditing rules and standards recognize financial statements, in order to determine the accuracy of project implementation.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Regional disparities – european union countries"

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Van, der Holst Marieke. "EPA negotiations between the EU and SADC/SACU grouping: partnership or asymmetry?" Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1931.

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Thesis (MA (Political Science. International Studies))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009.
Europe and Africa share a long history that is characterized both by oppression and development. The relationship between the European Union (EU) and the African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) countries is a particularly important aspect of EU development cooperation policy. The developmental history between the EU and Africa started with the Yaoundé Conventions of 1963 and 1969, which were replaced by the Lomé Convention. Unfortunately, the favourable terms and preferential access for the ACP countries to Europe failed and the Lomé Convention was replaced by the Cotonou Partnership Agreement (CPA) in 2000. As a result of a WTO-waiver, the discriminatory non-reciprocal trade preferences, which were previously enjoyed under the Lomé Convention, continued until December 2007. The Cotonou Agreement points out that these trade preferences will be replaced by joint WTOcompatible Economic Partnership Agreements (EPAs). During the EPA negotiations, the EU preferred to negotiate on a regional basis instead of negotiating with the ACP as a whole or with individual countries. Consequently, Sub-Saharan Africa formed two negotiation groups; the Eastern and Southern Africa (ESA) EPA group and the Southern African Development Community (SADC) EPA group, represented by the five Southern African Customs Union (SACU) countries, together with Mozambique and Angola. Although Southern Africa is the region that leads the continent; from an economic perspective, the Southern African states show considerable disparities. Due to the economic differences between South Africa and the BLNS countries (Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia and Swaziland), the interests of the individual SACU countries are diverse and often contradictory, which resulted in complicated EPA negotiations. However, maintaining a favourable long-term trading relationship with the EU is of great importance to the economic and political well-being of the SADC, since the EU is the main trading partner of most African countries. By December 2007, an interim EPA (IEPA) was initialled by the BLNS countries as a result of the pressure to fall back to the unfavourable Generalized System of Preferences (GSP). Due to the bilateral Trade Development and Cooperation Agreement (TDCA) that is in force between South Africa and the EU, South Africa was not negatively influenced by the expiry of the WTO-waiver. The EPA will have a negative impact on regional integration within SADC and will promote distinction within the regional economic communities. Duty free, quota free access was offered to the BLNS countries, but the EU did not extend this offer to South Africa because of the developmental status of the country and the pre-existing TDCA. Consequently, South Africa will be required to export at higher prices and will experience increased competition within the region. The downside of the removal of import tariffs for the BLNS countries is that government revenues will decrease, which might result in income losses and will accentuate poverty. The standstill-clause of the IEPA prevents the SACU countries from diversifying economically and from developing new industries. The Most- Favoured Nation clause primarily impacts negatively on South Africa, since it prevents South Africa from negotiating freely with other countries such as Brazil and China. Furthermore, the strict intellectual property rules of the IEPA undermine access to knowledge and hereby fail to support innovation. The content of a chapter on liberalization of services, that will be included in the full EPA, is still being negotiated. Liberalization of services might lead to more foreign investments in the BLNS countries, as a result of which the quality of services will increase, leading to better education, infrastructure and more job opportunities. However, foreign companies will gain power at the expense of African governments and companies. South Africa is the main supplier of services in the BLNS countries and will therefore be confronted with economic losses when the services sector is liberalized. From an economic nationalist perspective, the EU included numerous provisions in the IEPA that were not necessary for WTO compatibility. However, the EU is aware of the importance of trade agreements for the BLNS countries and found itself in the position to do so to fulfil its own interests. By making use of the expiry date of the WTO waiver; the IEPA was initialled by the BLNS countries within a relatively short period of time. South Africa, in its own national interests, opposed the provisions of the IEPA, which has led to the negotiations deadlock. Because of the economic power and negotiating tactics of the EU and the selfinterested attitude of South Africa in this respect, regional integration is undermined and the poorest countries are once again the worst off. Although Economic Partnership Agreements have to be established, the partnership-pillar is, in my opinion, hard to find.
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Südekum, Jens. "Agglomeration and regional unemployment disparities : a theoretical analysis with reference to the European Union /." Frankfurt am Main [u.a.] : Lang, 2003. http://www.gbv.de/dms/zbw/369180054.pdf.

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Hengari, Alfredo Tjiurimo. "A regional economic partnership agreement between SADC and the European Union within the Cotonou framework : opportunities and challenges for the political economy of regional integration in SADC." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/49851.

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Thesis (MA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2004.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: One of the most notable features of the relations between the European Union and SADC is the current reconfiguration of their trading architecture as encapsulated in the Cotonou Agreement. Such a process of change can be shown to have inevitably been the result of policy shifts, which are salient characteristics of a global political economy, whose ontology is embedded theoretically in neo-liberalism. Nevertheless, any process of change in the structure of global trading relations has the logical outcome of systemically imposing either challenges or opportunities, and in some cases both, on the participants of that structure. This study represents a scholarly attempt at creating a lucid and descriptive embodiment of the challenges and opportunities involved for SADC in the negotiation and implementation of a Regional Economic Partnership Agreement (REPA) with the European Union. These challenges and opportunities, obligatory within a REPA framework are theoretically pronounced in as far as they shape the political economy of regional integration in SADe. The process of negotiating such a multifaceted agreement with a sophisticated partner, calls for institutional and negotiating capacity. Undoubtedly, such capacity is beyond the membership of SADe. The point is also emphasized that the process of trade liberalization, ingrained in a REPA will create a complex and difficult interface with the current SADC initiatives underway to deepen regional integration. Tellingly, these would contradict the cautious developmental and bottom up approach taken by SADC in its drive for regional integration. Conversely, this study concedes that a REPA with the EU holds a number of novel opportunities for SADC because such a process would provide scope for the fundamental restructuring of the SADC economies. The competitive pressures through decreased levels of protection within a REPA can create an upward convergence of low performing industries in the region. These, amongst others are important aspects if the political economy of SADC is to move into a virtuous cycle of deeper integration and ultimate insertion in the global economy.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Een van die mees opvallende kenmerke van verhoudinge tussen die Europese Unie (EU) en Suider-Afrikaanse Ontwikkelingsgemeenskap (SAOG) is die huidige rekonjigurasie van handelsbetrekkinge, soos vervat in die Cotonou Ooreenkoms. Hierdie proses is die onafwendbare gevolg van beleidsveranderinge in die internasionale politieke ekonomie, met 'n. ontologie wat teoreties in neo-liberalisme gewortel is. Sodanige veranderinge in die struktuur van internasionale handelsverhoudinge. bied uitdagings sowel as geleenthede, en soms beide, aan deelnemers van sodanige struktuur. Hierdie studie is 'n akademiese poging om 'n helder en deskriptiewe blik te werp op die uitdagings en geleenthede vir die SAOG met betrekking tot die onderhandeling en implimentering van die Regionale Ekonomiese Venootskapsooreenkoms (REVO) met die EU Hierdie uitdagings en geleenthede, wat verpligtend is binne die REVO struktuur, is teoreties belangrik in soverre as wat dit die politeke ekonomie van regionale integrasie in SADC beinvloed. Die onderhandelingsproses van so 'n komplekse dokument met gesofistikeerde vennote vereis intitusionele en onderhandelingskapasiteit. Hierdie kapasiteit is nie in SAOG te vinde nie. Die punt word ook benadruk dat die proses van handelsliberalisering, wat deel uitmaak van REVO, botsend kan wees met SAOG inisiatiewe om regionale integrasie te versterk. In essensie sal dit die huiwerige ontwikkelings en 'onder na ba' benadering, wat die SAOG tans volg, weerspreek. Aan die ander kant, gee die studie toe dat 'n REVO met die EU 'n hele aantal voordele inhou, aangesien so 'n proses momentum kan voorsien vir verreikende herstrukturering van SAOG ekonomieë. Die kompeterende druk a.g. v. 'n afname in beskermingsvlakke onder die REVO, kan lei tot 'n opwaartse neiging onder tradisionele swakpresterende nywerhede in die streek. Hierdie is onder andere belangrike aspekte wat SADC in gedagte moet hou, ten einde deel te word van die deugsame kringloop van dieper integrasie, en uiteindelike deelwording van die internasionale ekonomie.
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RUBIO, BARCELÓ Eulàlia. "Regional governments, territorial political restructuring and vocational education and training policies : a comparison of four cases : Catalonia, Lombardy, Valencia and Veneto." Doctoral thesis, European University Institute, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/7037.

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Defence date: 16 March 2007
Examining Board: Prof. Michael Keating (EUI); Prof. Virginie Guiraudon (EUI); Prof. Marino Regini, (Università di Milano) ; Prof. Jacint Jordana Casajuana (Pompeu Fabra University)
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digital archive of EUI PhD theses
no abstract available
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Wang, Jia. "Research on EU regional policy : its selective mechanisms, effects and role for EU integration, with reflections on its possible meaning for China." Thesis, University of Macau, 2011. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2555597.

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Ades, Moraes Felipe. "Evaluation of the disparities in trastuzumab approval, reimbursement and uptake across the 27 European Union Member States (EU-27)." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209132.

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Introduction: The European Union (EU) is a political and economic confederation

composed by 27 member states (EU-27). The EU implemented several standardizations in laws,

justice and home affairs and shares the consensus that health care should be regulated by the

state. A high level of human protection should be ensured in all its member states. European

health systems are funded and managed by each national government and for historical

reasons health policy and health expenditure are not homogeneous.

Whereas cancer incidence is dependent on factors such as population age, life-style and

genetic predisposition, cancer mortality in general is dependent on the efficacy of health

systems in providing cancer prevention, efficient screening methods and treatments.

Around 20% of the breast cancers show amplification/overexpression of HER2 that is

associated with a more aggressive disease and worse clinical outcome. By targeting the HER2

receptor trastuzumab has significantly improved overall survival and changed the natural

course of this disease.

Objectives: This study aims to evaluate (1) the association of health expenditure with

breast cancer outcome, (2) to explore to which degree the differences in breast cancer survival

are related to the speed of uptake of trastuzumab and its determinants and (3) to evaluate the

real usage of trastuzumab and its relation to breast cancer survival in the EU.

Results: Breast cancer survival was found strongly correlated with health expenditure. A

clear cutoff divides Western and Eastern Europe in that regard, with western countries showing

higher health expenditure and higher breast cancer survival than Eastern Europe. Trastuzumab

reimbursement was faster in Western European countries, a factor associated with higher

health expenditure and better health policy performance. Trastuzumab uptake is increasing all

over Europe in the last 12 years, however it is still being under used in Eastern countries while

in Western Europe the uptake is sufficient to treat virtually all patients in need of the drug.

Conclusion: Important discrepancies in breast cancer survival exist in the EU. Western

Europe has higher breast cancer survival and higher health expenditure than Eastern Europe.

This can be partially explained by the faster approval and increased uptake of trastuzumab in

Western countries. Higher health expenditure and better health policy performance were

factors linked to faster reimbursement and uptake of trastuzumab.
Doctorat en sciences médicales
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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Li, Jinxiang. "The European Union relationship to the Africa, Caribbean and Pacific countries in terms of the Cotonou Agreements: will the economic partnership agreements aid regional integration." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&amp.

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The main purpose of this paper was to explore the role economic partnership agreements play in regional integration. The whole paper was premised on identifying the nature of economic partnership agreements that is conceived as a free trade arrangement. Therefore the paper discussed the feasibility of the reciprocal principle between the European Union and ACP countries, and further indicated that there is no need to implement the principle of reciprocity at present. The paper also discovered that, due to the fact that unequal trade relations between the EU and the ACP countries still exist, the implementation of the EPAs is most likely to generate the complementary but non-competitive trade relations between the EU and the ACP countries. Such a situation could result in the ACP countries over-independence on the EU's market. ACP countries are not expecting to such integration. In addition the paper ascertains that the EPAs themselves could contain the intrinsic negative impacts such as discrimination against the third countries on regional integration.
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Oguzsoy, Cenk Mehmet. "The Structure Of National And Subnational Institutons In European Union Candidate Countries And Eu Implications." Thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/1260459/index.pdf.

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The European Union is now facing with the enormous enlargement processes, which comprise thirteen new countries. Different from the European Union member states, these candidate countries are suffering significant socio-economic problems and have to face with the need for adjustment of their regional policies, administrations and institutions. In this process, the EU is intervening actively into the development of the Central and Eastern European Countries&rsquo
regional policies and institutional structures. While twelve of these countries (Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Cyprus, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Romania, the Slovak Republic and Slovenia) will be definitely the member states until the year of 2007, Turkey is not currently negotiating her membership and is highly backward status in comparison with the other candidate countries. In this context, the thesis study is composed of four main parts: 1. the changing system of the European Union regional policy, 2. the realized applications of the candidate countries in the field of regional policy after the year 1989, 3. the developments of the candidate countries&rsquo
institutional structures on regional policy, and 4. the position of Turkish regional policy and institutional structure. Basically, the thesis investigates how the European Union is following a similar system for the candidate countries in the field of regional policy and institutional structure and tries to provide significant outputs in Turkish case.
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Cardoso, Catarina. "The role of human capital in the Iberian countries' growth and convergence." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2011. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/8523.

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This thesis examines the role of human capital in the growth and convergence of the Iberian countries. Using a newly computed series for human capital at the NUTS III level for the Portuguese regions, the comparison between Portugal and Spain suggests a positive role for human capital proxied by the average years of schooling in both Iberian countries regional growth, which supports the hypothesis that higher levels of education improved the regions‟ ability to adopt new technology; although the levels of education indicate that secondary schooling is important for technology adoption in Portugal, but not in Spain, and its effect is higher than that of tertiary education. Using Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis (ESDA), two convergence clubs are identified within the Iberia Peninsula (Core and Periphery), but convergence occurs mainly in the Periphery group and education plays a positive and significant role only in the Core club.
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Oliveira, Denise Lícia Boni de. "Problemas e perspectivas da integração na União Europeia = um olhar sobre os progrssos de alargamento." [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/279404.

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Orientador: Shiguenoli Miyamoto
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-17T14:16:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Oliveira_DeniseLiciaBonide_M.pdf: 2244858 bytes, checksum: 71ad8156e762baafc235ebd4a87674d7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011
Resumo: Este trabalho tem por objetivo apresentar uma visão da União Europeia, através dos processos de alargamento, para observar as possíveis perspectivas futuras a que o bloco pode optar. A União Européia é um processo de integração regional sem um projeto específico, sem um fim conhecido, ainda em constante construção. Observá-la a partir dos processos de alargamento traz uma dimensão mais dinâmica às alterações sofridas pelo bloco ao longo do tempo e apresenta duas opções como perspectivas de futuro: o aprofundamento da integração - com a delimitação de novas competências para a União e a conseqüente oposição que isso suscita nos Estados-membros - e o alargamento, que ao permitir a entrada de novos Estados acrescenta o debate sobre até onde devem ir as fronteiras do bloco. Esta dissertação está organizada em quatro capítulos. O primeiro apresenta a UE, suas características e um pouco de sua história, importante para entender as motivações do processo. O segundo faz uma abordagem sobre as etapas do crescimento da integração na Europa, os novos Tratados introduzidos e os alargamentos, que transformaram a CECA do pós-guerra e a CEE da Guerra Fria na UE dos dias de hoje. O terceiro capítulo trata dos principais problemas que envolvem o processo. Alguns deles existem desde os primeiros passos da integração, não tendo sido solucionados com as constantes reformulações do bloco. Outros são fruto de fatores do contexto internacional dos dias atuais, como o neoliberalismo e o final da Guerra Fria. Encerramos com um quarto capítulo que faz a discussão sobre os futuros possíveis a que a UE pode perseguir, decidindo entre aprofundar a integração ou ampliar o número de Estados participantes. E, na conclusão, temos o entendimento permitido a partir da observação do desenvolvimento da integração, de seus problemas e das possíveis soluções e caminhos a seguir
Abstract: This work has in its objectives to present a view of the European Union, through the enlargement processes, to observe the possible future perspectives that the EU can choose. The European Union is an integration process without a specific project, without a known end and in incessant construction. To observe it from the enlargement processes brings a more dynamic dimension to the modifications took by the european process as the passing of the time and presents two options as perspectives of future: the deepening of the integration - determining new competences to the Union and the sequent opposition that it brings to the member States - and the enlargement, when the permission of the access of new members increases the debate on where should end the European Union's frontiers. This dissertation is organized in four chapters. The first one presents the UE, its characteristics and a bit of its history, very important to understand the motivations of this process. The second makes an approach on the european integration growing fases, the new Treaties introduced and the enlargement processes, that turned the ECSC from the post-war period and the EEC from the Cold War period in the current EU. The third chapter discuss mabout the problems the EU is involved. Some of them came since the first steps of the integration, unsolved even with the constant reforms of the EU. Other problems are results of factors of the international context of the current days, such as the neoliberalism and the Cold War. Ending the dissertation we have a forth chapter that debate about the possiblefutures the EU can choose, the deepening or the enlargement. End in the conclusion, we have the understanding arrived from the observation of the EU's development, its problems and the possible solutions and paths to follow
Mestrado
Relações Internacionais
Mestre em Ciência Política
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Books on the topic "Regional disparities – european union countries"

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Scott, Joanne. Development dilemmas in the European Community: Rethinkingregional development policy. Buckingham: Open University Press, 1995.

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Scott, Joanne. Development dilemmas in the European Community: Rethinking regionaldevelopment policy. Buckingham: Open University Press, 1994.

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J, Baun Michael, and Marek Dan 1969-, eds. EU cohesion policy after enlargement. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan, 2009.

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Scott, Joanne. Development dilemmas in the European Community: Rethinking regional development policy. Buckingham [England]: Open University Press, 1995.

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1945-, Meeusen Wim, and Villaverde José 1950-, eds. Convergence issues in the European Union. Northampton, Ma: Edward Elgar Pub., 2002.

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Grzeszczak, Jerzy. Przestrzenne zróżnicowanie społeczno-gospodarcze "północ-południe" w krajach Unii Europejskiej, Wielka Brytania, Niemcy, Francja =: "North-South" socio-economic differentiation in the European Union countries of Great Britain, Germany and France. Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk, Instytut Geografii i Przestrzennego Zagospodarowania, 1995.

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Baldi, Carlo E. Per un'Europa possibile: Libro nero dei fondi strutturali. Napoli: Editoriale scientifica, 1997.

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Ronald, Hall, Smith Alasdair, and Tsoukalis Loukas, eds. Competitiveness and cohesion in EU policies. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001.

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Harrop, Jeffrey. Structural funding and employment in the European Union: Financing the path to integration. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Pub., 1996.

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Michael, Schulz, and European Union, eds. The EU and world regionalism: The makability of regions in the 21st century. Burlington, VT: Ashgate Pub. Company, 2010.

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Book chapters on the topic "Regional disparities – european union countries"

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Huber, Peter. "Regional Labour Market Disparities in an Enlarged European Union." In Regional Diversity and Local Development in the New Member States, 122–65. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230247017_6.

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Gramatzki, Hans-Erich. "Regional Employment Policies in East European Countries." In Employment Policies in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe, 171–95. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-08756-3_8.

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Leonardi, Robert. "Regional Disparities and Centre—Periphery Relations in the European Union." In Convergence, Cohesion and Integration in the European Union, 33–59. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230372788_2.

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Quiliconi, Cintia, and Stephen Kingah. "Conclusions: Leadership of the BRICS and Implications for the European Union." In Global and Regional Leadership of BRICS Countries, 243–53. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-22972-0_14.

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Petrakos, George, Yannis Psycharis, and Dimitris Kallioras. "Regional Inequalities in the EU Accession Countries: Evolution and Challenges." In Integration, Growth and Cohesion in an Enlarged European Union, 45–64. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-387-22854-3_3.

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Ranaldi, Valentina. "The Role of the European Border and Coast Guard Agency (Frontex) in the Management of the External Borders of the European Union: The Cooperation Agreements with the Western Balkans Countries." In Regional Law Review, 157–68. Belgrade ; Hungary ; Osijek: Institute of Comparative Law ; University of Pécs Faculty of Law ; Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Faculty of Law, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18485/iup_rlr.2020.ch12.

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Stiers, Dieter. "EU Issue Voting in Simultaneous Elections: The Case of Belgium." In Palgrave Studies in European Union Politics, 169–203. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-29187-6_7.

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AbstractIn terms of electoral rules, Belgium is an odd case out among the countries investigated in this volume on several levels. Elections for the regional, national and European level are held on the same day, and all voters are obligated to turn out to vote. This combination of circumstances makes Belgium a least-likely case to find evidence for EU voting on the national level: voters can express their European interests with a vote for that level specifically at the same moment, and the forced and less interested part of the electorate is less likely to express strong issue preferences with their vote. This study first shows that, overall, the European issue is not very salient in Belgium, and that there is a generally positive consensus among the parties and in the media. However, still, there are some effects of the EU issue on national voting behaviour. While these are limited overall, also other well-known determinants of the vote do not show strong effects. Explaining voting behaviour in the complex Belgian case remains challenging, and the EU issue seems to provide one piece of the puzzle.
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Malacka, Michal. "Sharia – Conflict of Law and Culture in the European Context." In Universal, Regional, National – Ways of the Development of Private International Law in 21st Century, 54–80. Brno: Masaryk University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9497-2019-3.

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Sharia and its conflict with the private law within the EU is one of the most current problems in the conflict of laws. In accordance with the doctrine of ordre public, a foreign law that is otherwise applicable is disregarded if its application would violate some fundamental interest, basic policy, general principle of justice, or prevailing concept of good morals in the forum state. This doctrine is used and followed by judicial procedures not only at “the old continent” but also in Islamic countries. This article shows the basic aspects of Sharia, Islamic legal tradition and the reflection of all the connected aspects in European Union private law and legislation. Some selected chapters analyse the most important differences in the legislation and judicial practice in the EU member states.
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Churski, Paweł, Tomasz Herodowicz, Barbara Konecka-Szydłowska, and Robert Perdał. "Cross-Country Evidence on the Redefinition of Factors of Regional Development and Its Impact on Spatial Disparities in the European Union." In Economic Geography, 151–219. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-84659-6_5.

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Hrušovská, Dana. "Hodnotenie výkonnosti EKO-inovačných systémov líderských krajín európskej únie." In Socio-economic Determinants of Sustainble Consumption and Production II, 65–74. Brno: Masaryk University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-8640-2021-7.

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In our paper, we deal with the evaluation of the performance of innovation systems of the leading countries of the European Union using the Regional Innovation Scoreboard. By comparing the four areas of the Eco-Innovation Index, we evaluate the performance and relatively strengths and weaknesses of national innovation systems. Overall, the most innovative region in Europe is Stockholm in Sweden, followed by Helsinki-Uusimaa in Finland and Oberbayern in Germany. In the previous year, it was also Luxembourg.
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Conference papers on the topic "Regional disparities – european union countries"

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SCUTARIU, Adrian Liviu. "The Evolution of Regional Disparities in the Central and Eastern European Countries of European Union." In 8th LUMEN International Scientific Conference Rethinking Social Action. Core Values in Practice | RSACVP 2017 | 6-9 April 2017 | Suceava – Romania. LUMEN Publishing House, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/lumproc.rsacvp2017.73.

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İncekara, Ahmet, and Burcu Kılınç Savrul. "Regional Development Policies of the European Union: An Evaluation in the Framework of Structural Funds and Other Financial Instruments." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c02.00307.

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Regional policy of the European Union (EU) is implemented in order to improve welfare and quality of life in specific regions of EU member countries, minimize inter-regional income differences and restructure less developed industrial areas. regions of the EU countries has urban and regional development differences in themselves. Regional policies have gained importance in the process of EU enlargement. Increases regional disparities has been observed to occur with the first expansion. Although the tools that the Community could use for regional inequality were initially limited, they began to increase over the years in the process of development of regional policy of the EU. In this respect, this study will focus primarily on the EU regional development policies, the structural funds in line with the measures taken to ensure economic and social cohesion in EU countries and European Investment Bank and the new tools such as community tool will be discussed.
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Kaposzta, Jozsef, and Balazs Lorinc. "Economic analysis of emergence of bipolar European Union, 2011-2022." In 23rd International Scientific Conference Engineering for Rural Development. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technologies, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/erdev.2024.23.tf074.

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Looking at the economies of the 27 Member States of the European Union, we see a significant degree of polarisation. These disparities are reflected in marked differences in the levels of social and economic development of the EU Member States. The enlargement process of recent decades has clearly reinforced these trends. Generally speaking, the economic performance of the less developed Member States (generally those that joined in 2004 or later) has moved closer to the EU average, but it can also be said that the NUTS 2 regions with the highest levels of underdevelopment are mainly located in these EU Member States, and thus tend to be further away from the EU average. On the basis of these results, we have analysed the bipolar economic development of the EU Member Countries. The aim of our study was to identify the links between employment rates and their changes and economic performance that would provide a comprehensive picture of the deep-rooted structural differences that are nowadays proving to be of crucial importance in the EU Member States. Our results show that employment trends in the EU Member Countries that joined in 2004 or later have caught up with the average of the pre-2004 Member States by 2022, but their economic performance has evolved at a much slower pace, and economic gaps between the two groups of countries have increased, contributing to the almost permanent differences in economic competitiveness between the two poles of Europe and between the groups of countries.
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Klímová, Viktorie, and Vladimír Žítek. "Mění se pozice evropských výzkumných lídrů?" In XXIII. mezinárodní kolokvium o regionálních vědách / 23rd International Colloquium on Regional Sciences. Brno: Masaryk University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9610-2020-15.

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The article is based on the assumption that research and development is a crucial source for creating innovations and increasing competitiveness. There are significant disparities in research and development across the regions of the European Union. Some regions have long been considered European research leaders, and other regions perceive them as an inspiration for themselves. However, the position of leaders may not be permanent. The aim of the paper is to assess how stable is the position of European regions, which have long been considered European leaders in R&D. For this purpose, gross and business expenditures on research and development were analysed, and their changes between the periods 2007-2009 and 2015-2017 were assessed. The analysis has shown that the Nordic countries, such as Finland and Sweden, are losing their good position. Increasing research activity has been observed only in the West Sweden region. On the other hand, growing trends have been detected mainly in some regions of Germany, Austria and the Czech Republic.
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Jánošková, Kristína. "Impact of European Structural and Investment Funds on the Slovak Economy." In EDAMBA 2023: 26th International Scientific Conference for Doctoral Students and Post-Doctoral Scholars. Bratislava: University of Economics in Bratislava, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.53465/edamba.2023.9788022551274.301-309.

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The European Structural and Investment Funds (ESIF) represent a valuable tool of the European Union. EU countries use the funds to finance activities focused on different areas. They are primarily aimed at reducing regional disparities between regions. The objective of this paper is to examine the effect of the European Structural and Investment Funds on economic indicators in Slovakia. To achieve this aim, the paper examines the evolution of economic indicators between the years 2007 and 2021. Secondary data on the drawing of the European Structural and Investment Funds in Slovakia in the period under review are identified. The impact is detected in the paper based on regression and correlation analysis. Established on the correlation and regression analysis outcome, we can argue that there is a dependence between the implementation of ESIF and the economic indicators, although the implementation of the ESIF has a small impact on gross domestic product and unemployment.
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Zepp, Raymond. "Analysis of a Multi-Country University Collaboration: The Erasmus + Friends Project." In ACBSP Region 10 Annual Conference 2023. CamEd Business School, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.62458/camed/oar/acbsp/17-22.

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The paper examines the pros and cons of a three-year collaboration among 11 universities from 5 Asian countries and 4 Eastern European universities. The FRIENDS project, sponsored by the European Union, was centered on the theme of Internationalization at Home (IaH), to provide international experiences to university students staying on their home campuses, without traveling abroad. The methodology and analysis are based on interviews, over three years of the Project, with delegates from the 11 participating universities. Key focal points of the interviewees (of their choosing) were the nature of Europe-Asia collaboration, variations among the universities (especially disparities in size), unexpected consequences arising from the collaboration, and difficulties in the implementation of project activities. Suggestions are made regarding future such collaborations, especially for small universities that find it difficult to meet stringent targets for student numbers and other outputs. Keywords: Collaboration, project, internationalization, goals.
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Kaposzta, Jozsef, and Balazs Lorinc. "Examining regional role of industrial production in transformation of Hungarian economic structure." In 22nd International Scientific Conference Engineering for Rural Development. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Engineering, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/erdev.2023.22.tf059.

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Following the economic crisis of 2008, most developed countries, including the European Union member states, have experienced an economic paradigm shift. The rethinking of economic production has led to a shift towards knowledge-intensive, innovative and high-tech industries. As a result, today’s technological innovations are having a markedly more mature and powerful impact on changes in social relations, the labour market and its strategic development. As it has been observed in the technological innovations of recent decades, the industrial sector (manufacturing, energy, IT, automotive) has played a prominent role. At the macroeconomic level, almost all of the strategically comprehensive innovations have been closely linked to the development of this sector. All these visible macroeconomic links have led us to focus our attention on the strengthening of industrial production and its regional disparities, and to explore the regional differentiation in development resulting from FDI. We have chosen the period 2008-2020 as the interval for our analysis, in which we have examined the correlation between the value of industrial production per capita and its changes, as well as the spatial distribution of the value of industrial production. In our study, we sought to answer the question of how spatial inequalities in production change as the value of industrial production increases, and, in a complex model, how the level and unequal spatial distribution of foreign direct investment affect the development of a given economic space in Hungary.
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Korsaka, Tereza, and Gunta Grinberga-Zalite. "Theoretical characteristics of using leverage instruments in the context of rural entrepreneurship." In 21st International Scientific Conference "Economic Science for Rural Development 2020". Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies. Faculty of Economics and Social Development, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/esrd.2020.53.022.

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Today, the matters pertaining to regional and urban development in the EU are increasingly integrated into EU development plans and strategies. The EU actively facilitates regional development by supporting the development of small and medium-sized enterprises in the regions to contribute to employment, education and social integration. The strategic goal of the National Development Plan of Latvia 2021-2027 is to promote also regional development in Latvia in order to ensure long-term balanced growth in the country. Promoting entrepreneurship in the regions is of great importance, as Latvia is still one of the countries in the European Union experiencing unbalanced regional development and having socio-economic disparities. Consequently, financial performance and financial stability play an important role in sustainable business development. Rural entrepreneurs whose business is seasonal often lack an awareness of the role of financial leverage degrees, which could lead to making wrong decisions. Performing an assessment of the degrees of financial leverage could be useful not only in a situation when experiencing a business expansion but also when a business decline occurs, which is specific to rural entrepreneurship. A hypothesis of the present research is based on the authors’ opinion that by meaningfully applying the degrees of financial leverage, it is possible to enhance the financial performance of enterprises, which is particularly important for rural entrepreneurship. The aim of the research is to define the degrees of financial leverage – the degree of operating leverage (DOL), the degree of financial leverage (DFL) and the degree of combined leverage (DCL) – as measures of financial performance of enterprises and classify the principles of measure assessment in relation to whether the indicator percentage changes used in financial leverage calculations are positive or negative. The research employed the following methods: induction – to make scientific assumptions and identify similarities based on individual elements – and deduction – to logically systematize and explain empirical data. Applying the empirical and logical construction methods, the authors analysed six different theoretically possible situations, gave six different examples, defined and classified the principles of leverage degree assessment as different (positive and negative) in relation to the indicator percentage changes used in financial leverage calculations.
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Koreník, Filip, and Tatiana Remencová. "Public support of regional airports in european countries." In Práce a štúdie. University of Žilina, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.26552/pas.z.2023.1.18.

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Nowadays, regional airports play several important roles. Their main benefit is the positive impact on the economy in many regions, and they also help to relieve the dense and congested air network in several European countries. However, one of the problems with regional airports is that they are not able to generate a profit. This problem is increasingly becoming a trend. The European Union try to provide public support and state aid to this type of airport, but in spite of this fact, their economic situation is not improving. This article is focused on the issue of providing public support and state aid to regional airports. One of the goals is to clarify in what form public support can be granted, for what purpose, who can grant it and also how much it can be granted. Another objective is to analyse and compare the provision of public support to regional airports in different countries before, during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on the findings, there were evaluated the effectiveness of public support provision in terms of whether the amount of public support provided was sufficient for airports. The final section suggests options for the future direction of regional airports, taking into account current market conditions.
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Dudaiti, A. K., E. V. Galkina, and B. G. Koibaev. "Problems of Interaction of the European Union with the South Caucasian Countries as Part of the European Neighborhood Policy." In International Session on Factors of Regional Extensive Development (FRED 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/fred-19.2020.118.

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Reports on the topic "Regional disparities – european union countries"

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Park, Cyn-Young, Yuya Yamamoto, and Maria Anne Lorraine Doong. European Union Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism: Economic Impact and Implications for Asia. Asian Development Bank, November 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/brf230561-2.

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This brief assesses the impact of the European Union’s carbon tariffs on energy-intensive exports from Asia and the Pacific and shows how upgrading product value, boosting energy efficiency, and cutting emissions can help mitigate its effect. It explains how the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) is designed to prevent carbon leakage–where industries shift to countries with less stringent environmental rules. Providing a regional breakdown, the brief shows how sectors including Indian steel and Georgian fertilizer are among those hit. It outlines how steps such as developing and integrating regional carbon markets and increasing decarbonization can reduce countries’ CBAM risk exposure.
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Moccero, Diego, and Carlos Winograd. Macroeconomic Coordination Policies: Why and How?: From Europe to MERCOSUR. Inter-American Development Bank, January 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011153.

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This paper was prepared within the framework of "Deeper Integration of MERCOSUR: Dealing with Disparities", a joint initiative between the Integration and Regional Programs Department and the Operations Department 1 of the Inter-American Development Bank. Given the relatively lower political incentives for interdependence in MERCOSUR than in the European experience, economic disturbances and economic lobbies may prevail in times of crisis increasing the risks of derailing the integration process. The authors of this paper draw from the lessons from the European experience of macroeconomic coordination since the early days of the European Economic Community and discuss the main differences between MERCOSUR and the European Union regarding the economic and institutional environment. In the first section of the paper, they combine the lessons obtained from the European experience and the fundamental disparities to be faced in the MERCOSUR to design a specific macroeconomic policy coordination agenda for the region. In the second section they account for the European history of macroeconomic coordination, whereas the third section analyses the main disparities constraining the cooperation policies in MERCOSUR. In light of the previous sections, the fourth part of the study will discuss the appropriate design of macroeconomic coordination in the region, with the fifth section containing the conclusions.
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Pielen, Britta, and R. Andreas Kraemer. Economic Instruments in Water Management: Global Experience and Relevance for Latin American and Caribbean Countries. Inter-American Development Bank, February 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0006745.

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This presentation was commissioned by the Environment Network of the Regional Policy Dialogue for the 2nd Hemispheric Meeting celebrated on February 25th and 26th, 2003. This presentation discusses functions and typology of economic instruments in water management. This presentation also discusses the new European Water Framework Directive, as well as European Union (EU) and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) experience, as it pertains to countries in Latin America and the Caribbean.
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Cavallo, Eduardo A., and Eduardo Fernández-Arias. Coping with Financial Crises: Latin American Answers to European Questions. Inter-American Development Bank, October 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008422.

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Europe faces challenges reminiscent of Latin American financial crises. The failure of recent liquidity support to normalize the situation in Europe suggests the need to refocus the policy debate on fundamentals: structural reform for growth and, where needed, restructuring to resolve banking crises and the debt overhang. Latin America's experience yields relevant policy lessons for Europe on those fronts except concerning the use of sharp real devaluations to spearhead recovery: euro-zone countries following suit by reintroducing devalued national currencies would invite catastrophe. Despite this constraint, Europe stands a better chance of navigating the path out of the crisis because it has cooperative mechanisms unavailable in Latin America. European cooperation can provide support for orderly crisis resolution as well as growth and competitiveness within the currency union fold, to the benefit of all members. However, the path is uncharted, and successful regional cooperation will require innovation and political will.
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Machinea, José Luis. The Impact of Western Hemisphere Free Trade Agreements on the Foreign Sector and Debt Sustainability. Inter-American Development Bank, August 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011460.

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This document is part of a series of papers commissioned by the Inter-American Development Bank for the Regional Policy Dialogue. The paper basically discusses the macroeconomic impacts of trade agreements between Latin American countries and the United States, whether they be bilateral or a result of the creation of a Free Trade Agreement of the Americas (FTAA). Taking into account that the greater impact of a trade agreement in the Western Hemisphere is linked to the participation of the United States, it is especially useful to analyze the experience of agreements which include countries that contrast strongly with regards to their relative development. Included in this category are "North-South" agreements or "North-North" agreements that include countries that are very different in regards to their relative development. NAFTA and the expansion of the European Union to include Eastern countries belong to the first category and the impact of the European Union on countries like Spain, Portugal, Greece and Ireland belong in the second. This is the latest version available.
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Page, Sheila. How to Deepen the Dialogue between the Andean Community and the EU. Inter-American Development Bank, April 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011123.

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This paper discusses the European Union trade policy making process and implications for the Andean community. The European Union (EU) divides its agreements with other countries into three types: neighbourhood, trade and development, and is currently classifying the negotiations with the Andean Community as development. The Andean Community must examine how the EU has approached its agreements in the past and what the Andean countries need from an agreement, and decide whether it wants to negotiate on the trade or development models. In the light of this choice, it must then identify the negotiating approaches, the non-governmental allies, and the economic and social information which will be most effective in convincing the EC and the EU member countries to sign a favourable agreement. This document was presented by the Trade and Integration Network of the Regional Policy Dialogue for the Andean Subregional Meeting held on April 23rd and 24th, 2007 in Lima, Peru.
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Jenkins, Glenn P., and George G. Poufos. Economic Integration and the Transformation of the Tax Mix: Cyprus 1990-2001. Inter-American Development Bank, September 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0006639.

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This presentation was commissioned by the Trade and Integration Network of the Regional Policy Dialogue for the Tax Workshop on Fiscal Impact of FTAA celebrated on September 18th and 19th, 2002 in Washington, DC. Proposals for Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA) have similar implications for the fiscal systems of the participating countries as now faced by countries preparing to gain entry into the European Union. Involves reducing taxes on international trade and increasing some combination of sales taxes (usually VAT), excise taxes, and income taxes.
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8

Leipprand, Anna, Britta Pielen, and R. Andreas Kraemer. Global Review of Economic Instruments for Water Management in Latin America and the Caribbean: Executive Summary. Inter-American Development Bank, February 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0007901.

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This paper discusses the importance and applicability of economic instruments in the context of water management. The paper presents a typology and associated examples of implementation from European Union (EU) countries and Organization of Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries. This report intends to assist in the identification of economic instruments appropriate for application in the Latin American water management context, therefore in the last section, comparisons between the presented examples and Latin American countries are assessed. This report has been initiated to support discussion among participants in the Regional Policy Dialogue on Environmental Management celebrated on February 25th and 26th, 2003.
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9

Frohmann, Alicia, Jaume Ventura, Rainer Schweickert, Michel Fouquin, Omar Licandro, Jacques Ziller, Helen Wallace, Rolf J. Langhammer, and Claudio Bravo Ortega. Euro-Latin Study Network on Integration and Trade (ELSNIT): 2nd Annual Conference. Inter-American Development Bank, January 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0006622.

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The process of economic reform and trade liberalization in Latin America and the Caribbean, under way since the end of the 1980s, has brought about an increasing integration of the countries in the region into the world economy, both in terms of commercial and investment flows. At the same time, Latin American countries have been pursuing the process of deepening economic integration at the subregional level, negotiating trade liberalization at the regional and hemispheric level, as well as engaging in multilateral trade negotiations. Latin American countries are also negotiating cooperation and free trade agreements with other countries and regions of the world, both developing and industrial ones. These developments, as well the emergence of new powerful players on the international arena, such as China and India, represent opportunities but also enormous challenges for Latin America. In facing these challenges, the countries of Latin America and the Caribbean are open to ideas, experiences and good practices that may contribute to their successful integration into an increasingly open and competitive international economy. In this regard, the rich European experience in the process of regional integration over the last decades that has brought about not only mutual trade liberalization, but also the establishment of joint institutions, a common currency as well as political cooperation and a strong component of solidarity among member countries could be of benefit for the region. Moreover, Latin America is an important market for the European Union as it positions itself in global competition and seeks partners for economic as well as political cooperation. With this in mind, in 2002, the Inter-American Development Bank, through the Special Office in Europe and the Integration and Regional Programs Department, through the Institute for the Integration of Latin America and the Caribbean (INTAL), launched the Euro-Latin Study Network on Integration and Trade (ELSNIT). The Network operates with the collaboration of partner European centers, leaders in research in the area of integration and trade. ELSNIT represents a platform for an exchange of ideas between European and Latin American experts, and ultimately a source of support for policy makers on both sides of the Atlantic. This publication provides an account of the main findings of the second cycle of activities of the Network during 2004/2005.
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10

Ventura, Jaume, Rainer Schweickert, Michel Fouquin, Omar Licandro, Jacques Ziller, and Rolf J. Langhammer. Euro-Latin Study Network on Integration and Trade (ELSNIT): 3rd Annual Conference. Inter-American Development Bank, September 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0006623.

Full text
Abstract:
The process of economic reform and trade liberalization in Latin America and the Caribbean, under way since the end of the 1980s, has brought about an increasing integration of the countries in the region into the world economy, both in terms of commercial and investment flows. At the same time, Latin American countries have been pursuing the process of deepening economic integration at the subregional level, negotiating trade liberalization at the regional and hemispheric level, as well as engaging in multilateral trade negotiations. Latin American countries are also negotiating cooperation and free trade agreements with other countries and regions of the world, both developing and industrial ones. These developments, as well the emergence of new powerful players on the international arena, such as China and India, represent opportunities but also enormous challenges for Latin America. In facing these challenges, the countries of Latin America and the Caribbean are open to ideas, experiences and good practices that may contribute to their successful integration into an increasingly open and competitive international economy. In this regard, the rich European experience in the process of regional integration over the last decades that has brought about not only mutual trade liberalization, but also the establishment of joint institutions, a common currency as well as political cooperation and a strong component of solidarity among member countries could be of benefit for the region. Moreover, Latin America is an important market for the European Union as it positions itself in global competition and seeks partners for economic as well as political cooperation. With this in mind, in 2002, the Inter-American Development Bank, through the Special Office in Europe and the Integration and Regional Programs Department, through the Institute for the Integration of Latin America and the Caribbean (INTAL), launched the Euro-Latin Study Network on Integration and Trade (ELSNIT). The Network operates with the collaboration of partner European centers, leaders in research in the area of integration and trade. ELSNIT represents a platform for an exchange of ideas between European and Latin American experts, and ultimately a source of support for policy makers on both sides of the Atlantic. This publication provides an account of the main findings of the second cycle of activities of the Network during 2005/2006.
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