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1
Horváth, Gy. "Regional Policy in Europe." Acta Oeconomica 51, no. 1 (February 1, 2001): 131–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/aoecon.51.2000-2001.1.6.
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Among European Union policies, regional policy has always been considered a key domain due to its considerable role in negotiation of interests between mem-ber countries and distribution of European Union funds. Its significance, however, is expected to increase further as soon as countries of the Central Eastern Euro-pean region join the European Union and start lobbying for the concentration of European Union resources in the area. The new member states of the EU will stand on the periphery – not only in the geographical sense, but also regarding their level of economic development.
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Vosejpková, M. "Approaches to the rural development problems in the European Union and in some of the Central and Eastern European countries." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 48, No. 4 (February 29, 2012): 171–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5299-agricecon.
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Utilisation of regional policy helps to reduce disparities among regions. The approaches to solving these problems in the European Union differ from the approaches practised in Central and Eastern European countries. The development of rural areas in the European Union is realised through the principles of regional policy and its instruments, i.e. Structural Funds, in co-operation with the Common Agricultural Policy. The applied assistance from the Structural Funds is aimed at the objectively defined areas. The situation of countries with many socio-economic problems is reflected in the weak demographic structures of these regions. Solutions of the problematic situation can be found in implementation of the approach supporting the development of multi-functional agriculture and a broader social and territorial context of economic development in all adopted tools of rural development. The way of supporting diversification of the competitive rural economic structure based on encouraging new activities leads also through integrated programmes. Regional policy realisation in the CEECs depends on the institutional framework created in the dependence of the habits applied by the past political regime of the relevant country. The basic issue for the sustainable development of rural areas can be seen in diversification of agricultural activities, creation of small firms and development of tourism together with sustaining the countryside specifics.
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Krajišnik, Milenko, and Aleksandra Žutić. "Impact of the Enlargement of the European Union on the Foreign Trade and Development of the New Members." ECONOMICS 5, no. 1 (June 1, 2017): 36–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eoik-2017-0010.
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SummaryOne of the most important characteristics of the process of globalization is the creation of different regional economic integrations. The most developed regional economic integration in the world is the European Union. Since it was found, when six founder countries created the free trade area for coal and steel, European Union passed all the phases of development of the economic integration, through the customs union and common market to the economic and monetary union. Through the six waves of enlargement European Union has become the integration of 28 countries with over 500 million habitants. Every enlargement of this regional integration had an impact on the economic position and the development of both the old and the new members. The biggest increase in the number of members brought the 5th big enlargement of the European Union, when the number of the member countries increased in total for 12 countries, first for 10, and then for 2 more.The effects of this enlargement on former soviet countries are specially interesting not only because of the number of the new members, but also because of the fact that these countries during the joining have also pass the process of the transition to the market economy.The aim of this work is to examine the effects of the enlargement on the foreign trade of the new members, and the effects of the changes in foreign trade on the economic development of these countries. The analysis of the effects of joining the European Union could be interesting for the countries which strive to become members of this economic regional integration.
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IGNATOV, AUGUSTIN. "ANALYZING THE DETERMINANTS OF THE EUROPEAN UNION’S REGIONAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT." Global Economy Journal 19, no. 01 (March 2019): 1950002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2194565919500027.
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The European Union (EU) is a heterogeneous political and economic structure comprising 28 nations, differing in terms of size, population, economic development and institutional efficiency. National socio-economic context determines countries’ growth potential and their ability to compete for foreign markets. The socio-economic discrepancies present, respectively, between the Western, Northern, Southern and Eastern EU nations still persist, thus reducing the community’s ability to compete on the global market, especially with the USA, Japan and China, which are considered the main powerhouses of the world’s economy capable of challenging economic positions of the European Union. Consequently, the present research aims to assess to which extent economic growth determinants in the European Union differ taking into account the regional context. An individual per region regression analysis was developed intending to identify which are the determinants of economic development at the level of EU’s geographical regions. The results reached confirm this assumption underlining the fact that there are significant dissimilarities between the motivators of economic progress in the EU. This fact should particularly concern the European elites as these variations determine the further accentuation of development disparities not only among the countries but also between entire groups of states.
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Perrucchini, Celeste, and Hiroshi Ito. "European Regional Inequalities: The Other Face of Development." International Journal of Economics and Finance 9, no. 4 (March 20, 2017): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v9n4p163.
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Empirical evidence suggests an overall convergence in terms of GDP and per capita income occurring among the European Union (EU) Member States. Nevertheless, economic inequalities have been increasing at the regional level within European Union countries. Through the review of relevant literature, this study analyzes the increasing inequalities from an economical point of view, focusing on Italy and the UK as examples. First, a general overlook of the empirical evidence of the GDP and per capita income at national and sub-national levels will be presented. Second, an explanation of the possible causes of the results will be proposed through the use of economical and sociological theories. The findings of this research might uncover the relative inefficacy of EU Cohesion policies and point towards the necessity for deeper and more thoughtful measures to continue the convergence of Member States while preserving internal equilibria. This paper ends with discussions for the future directions of the EU.
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Elistania, Elistania, Farandy Nurmeiga, and Agung Permadi. "Strategy To Strengthen Cooperation Between The European Union And The Mediterranean Countries Through The Union For Mediterranean (UfM)." Global: Jurnal Politik Internasional 21, no. 2 (December 26, 2019): 242. http://dx.doi.org/10.7454/global.v21i2.398.
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The European Union is an example of regional cooperations that represents regional identity. In the midst of the process of integration and expansion of membership, the European Union has an interest in building good relations with non-member countries in the immediate region, including the Mediterranean. The process of establishing cooperation between the European Union and the Mediterranean countries continues to change. The Euro-Mediterranean Partnership (EMP) in 1995 was the place for regional cooperation with most member countries and had a well-structured pillar of cooperation. However, the two entities re-formed a new cooperative platform, The Union for Mediterranean (UfM) in 2008. This study aims to explain why the European Union and Mediterranean countries changed the Euro-Mediterranean Partnership (EMP) into The Union for the Mediterranean (UfM) in 2008. Using the theory building approach in the Alex Warleigh-Lack regionalism concept, the findings in the research resulted in an answer that EMP has negative values that are not in accordance with the development of the issue so that it becomes a reason for the formation of UfM.
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Irimia, Ana Irina. "The European Union and Minorities." Scientific Bulletin 20, no. 1 (June 1, 2015): 138–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bsaft-2015-0021.
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Abstract We are currently in the process of making a Europe where the elements of national sovereignty will be narrowed through the sharing of sovereignty and for collective security. Another trend in the field was that of regionalization of the importance and implications of this issue, explicitly or implicitly considered as belonging to Central and Eastern Europe. Such an assessment neglects the significance of a number of factors pertaining to the historical and political developments has on the matter, particularly regarding economic development of Central and Eastern Europe areas, and that the conflictual degeneration of perceiving ethnical, cultural and regional otherness is not a phenomenon which affects this space alone, but also the West. In contradiction with this point of view, some foreign experts in the field say it is a social reality that discrimination and intolerance connected to religion and ethnicity can be found in all meetings of the world and in countries with different economic development phases.
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Skulason, Ari, and Markku Jääskelainen. "Regional co-operation within the Nordic Council of Trade Unions and across the Baltic Sea." Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research 6, no. 1 (February 2000): 78–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/102425890000600108.
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This article reviews the evolution of trade union co-operation within the Nordic Council of Trade Unions (NFS). The NFS was founded in 1972 with the aim of strengthening the already close ties between the Nordic national trade union movements in a context where several Nordic countries were making approaches to the EC and Nordic unions had been playing an active role in creating the ETUC. In recent years the work of the NFS has become more oriented, first, towards European issues and, second, towards co-operation with unions in the Baltic countries. The major changes on the geopolitical map of Europe have thus had a profound impact on the co-operation between Nordic unions, in many respects giving impetus to development of more structured and extended patterns of transnational union engagement.
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Kovačikova, Hana. "Western Balkans Regional Common Market: What lesson can be taught from EEA?: A case study of public procurement." Strani pravni zivot, no. 4 (2020): 133–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/spz64-29635.
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The European Union pursues on the international scene to safeguards its values, support the rule of law, foster the sustainable economic, social and environmental development and support the integration of all countries into the world economy including through the progressive abolition of barriers on international trade. Trade agreements are used as an effective tool to this end. Within its present external action, European Union tries to cover its trade relations regionally homogenously. Through regionally homogenous trade agreements, Union can export its values, principles, and rules easier, which is also a way of strengthening its position geopolitically. This paper analyses trade agreements concluded between the European Union and candidate countries from Western Balkans. All these agreements recognise the accession to the European Union as their final goal. To achieve it, candidate countries need to fulfil various conditions, including the approximation and harmonisation of their legal orders with the EU acquis. Just recently (in November 2020), Western Balkans countries' leaders announced the creation of Regional Common Market which shall serve as a tool for approximation with European Union's Internal Market Rules. To this regard, author analysed the European Economic Area, where the export of European Union's Internal Market Rules was successfully realised, and which might therefore serve as an example for pre-accession cooperation between Western Balkans countries and European Union. Author chose the area of public procurement as a model case study.
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Gil, Carlos, Pedro Pascual, and Manuel Rapún. "Regional Allocation of Structural Funds in the European Union." Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 20, no. 5 (October 2002): 655–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/c21m.
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Economic disparities among the regions of the European Union are more pronounced than among countries. Structural Funds have played a crucial compensatory role, promoting the economic development and real convergence of lagging regions. The amount of resources destined to regional policy and the conflicts arising from its funding and distribution create the need for an adequate theoretical foundation or model to help politicians solve the distribution problem. In this paper we propose an empirical procedure to carry out and evaluate different distributions of funds for the periods 1989 – 93 and 1994 – 99. We begin with the estimation of an augmented production function to permit the calculation of the expected GDP per capita. We then propose a nonlinear programming method to simulate alternative distributions of Structural Funds among Objective 1 regions, based upon two different approaches: equal development, and equal opportunities. For these two approaches we calculate different possibilities, ranging from highly efficient to highly equitable, with the result that we are able to show the ‘frontier’ of optimal distributions. Finally, we evaluate these results and compare them with the real distribution.
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Danilović, Nemanja. "Regional international organizations with a special focus on the European Union." Megatrend revija 18, no. 4 (2021): 233–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/megrev2104233d.
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After studying international organizations, we may freely say that their international legal personality is undeniable, while their role in international law and international relations is of great importance. For that reason, this paper is dedicated to one type of such organizations - to regional organizations, that is, to the European Union as one of the most important international organizations of the kind. Although the European Union was created with the goal of connecting and integrating European countries and its nations, today it plays one of the leading roles in world politics. The paper follows the concept and types of regional international organizations, as well as emergence, development, characteristics, values and goals, and the institutionalism of the European Union. Today, undeniably, the European Union plays one of the leading roles in international political, economic, strategic, geopolitical, cultural and social relations.
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Oțil, Maria Daniela, Andra Miculescu, and Laura Mariana Cismaș. "Disparities in Regional Economic Development in Romania." Annals of the Alexandru Ioan Cuza University - Economics 62, s1 (October 1, 2015): 37–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aicue-2015-0035.
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Abstract The issue of economic disparities within the European Union economies is not new, it is actually a topical issue. Unfortunately, the EU enlargement has determined an even stronger deepening of the regional disparities, because in the absence of adequate regional development policies, the financial instruments have proved to be ineffective. Recent studies show that the economic crisis has increased regional disparities in the European Union countries, influencing the most important regions, especially the economically less advanced ones, the significant regional differences being identified at the NUTS 3 level. Based on these issues, the present paper tries to answer the following questions: 1. How extended are the regional disparities in Romania and how did they evolve over the period 1998-2012? 2. How did the economic crisis influence disparities? Which territorial units were more affected? In order to measure regional inequalities the Hoover index was used as well as the coefficient of variation, and the indicator for assessing the level of development as well as for highlighting regional disparities was GDP per capita. The analysis and interpretation of the results provide an overview of the situation at the regional level in Romania
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Robu, Raluca Georgiana, Ana-Maria Holobiuc, Alina Petronela Alexoaei, Valentin Cojanu, and Dumitru Miron. "Regional Patterns of Pesticide Consumption Determinants in the European Union." Sustainability 15, no. 3 (January 21, 2023): 2070. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15032070.
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This article contributes to the discussion about the socioeconomic factors that reinforce pesticide dependence in the European Union and hinder the transition to more sustainable agricultural practices in light of the European Union’s Green Deal objective of reducing the use of pesticides by 50% by 2030. The analysis has a two-pronged purpose: (1) to identify the determinants of pesticide consumption in the European Union by conducting a set of four seemingly unrelated regressions and (2) to emphasize the existence of regional patterns across EU countries formed by the factors that significantly impact pesticide consumption based on a cluster analysis. Per capita GDP, selling prices, population, and real income positively influence pesticide use, whereas subsidies and organic agricultural area negatively influence them. Pesticide use is most affected by GDP per capita and least affected by subsidies. Cluster analysis highlights regional differences reflected in three clusters: (1) the most recent EU member states, (2) the European countries with large population levels, and (3) the countries with the highest GDP per capita. Our findings may contribute to the EU’s capacity to generate policy changes at the member state level and can be built into recommendations to address the persistent overuse of pesticides.
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Belinska, Stefaniia, Izabela Adamičková, Natália Turčeková, Miriam Buliková, and Peter Bielik. "Regional Disparities in the European Union from the Perspective of Environmental Context Indicators." Visegrad Journal on Bioeconomy and Sustainable Development 9, no. 2 (November 1, 2020): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/vjbsd-2020-0007.
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Abstract The agricultural sector is one of the most important sectors of the countries’ economies and agricultural production has a huge socio-economic importance. In the current conditions of globalization and diversification of production, agriculture tries to achieve continuous development, realization of the potential, growth of the quantity and quality of the agricultural production, ensuring food security of the country. The quantitative and qualitative development of the agricultural sector takes place within a certain system, which is created under the influence of economic, social, and environmental factors based on innovations associated with transformation. These components of the current development of the agricultural sector are undergoing constant transformations, leading to the imbalances and the emergence of destructive processes within the complex system of the agricultural sector. Exploring regional disparities in terms of environmental and economic context indicators of CAP is strategically important for the stable rural and regional development of countries, increasing the competitiveness of agriculture, and sustainable and integrated development of regions. Based on the results of the calculations, we confirmed the effect of catching up between poorer and richer EU countries and identified the future trends in the occurrence and reduction of regional disparities.
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Ignatov, Augustin. "Regional Development Discrepancies in the Eastern European Union Analysed through the Prism of Growth Determinants." Global Economy Journal 18, no. 4 (August 31, 2018): 20180078. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/gej-2018-0078.
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The twenty-first century is characterised by major shifts in the global economic paradigms. Europe constantly diminishes its importance in the world slowly drifting towards the secondary roles in determining the progress of human civilisation. The European Union as the main integrational structure on the continent is set to offer Europe a global perspective and consolidate the member countries’ common influence in international relations. Several enlargement waves were undertaken comprising countries of different economic development level. The main mechanism of the European Union in enhancing the economic cohesion among the member states is the Regional policy. The largest portion of financing is allocated towards enhancing the economic potential of least developed EU regions. Considering this fact, the present research is set to analyse the inter-regional development discrepancies in the Eastern European countries i. e. Poland, Hungary, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Romania and Bulgaria in the context of raising global competition and to identify the key economic growth determinants of the nations. The results underline that there is a strong necessity to empower the prerogatives of the EU to increase its ability to decide the issues related to discrepancies reduction, infrastructure investments and improvement of the regional business opportunities.
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Monedero, Pablo José Abascal. "Family Laws in the European Union." Socialinė teorija, empirija, politika ir praktika 19 (September 16, 2019): 87–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/stepp.2019.13.
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EU social policies should be complemented by contributing to a harmonious development of society, by reducing structural and regional imbalances, developing a balance between the a localized community and the national society, and improving the living standards of citizens and families of member states (Garrido 2002). Such important social policy principles as freedom and justice are addressed and represented in family laws in the EU regulations introduced during the period of 2000–2016. In this article, we studied the EU’s legal solutions in reference to national (Spain) laws on these matters: children and parental responsibility (adoption, child abduction, family benefits) and couples (matrimonial, regimes, prenuptial agreements, provisional measures). This legislation is necessary in the face of the proliferation of families whose members have different nationalities, and even in the mobilization of residences. Cooperation has intensified between national judicial authorities to ensure that legal decisions taken in one EU country are recognized and implemented in any other. This is highly important in civil cases, such as divorce, child custody, maintenance claims, or even bankruptcy and unpaid bills, when the individuals involved live in different countries. The development of family laws is one of the most important factors of family welfare in European countries.
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Valeeva, R. A. "Development of Сooperation Between Kyrgyzstan and the European Union at the Present Stage." Post-Soviet Issues 6, no. 3 (November 27, 2019): 288–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.24975/2313-8920-2019-6-3-288-296.
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After the collapse of the USSR, the West received favorable conditions for promoting its geopolitical interests. Accordingly, the European Union began to establish relations with the countries of Central Asia. The EU policy in Central Asia in the early 90s of the twentieth century is characterized by the fact that Brussels concentrated its efforts on the allocation of economic assistance, the promotion of democracy and market relations. The EU policy in the Central Asian republics was based on cooperation and partnership Agreements signed with the leadership of the countries of the region. These agreements were intended to formalize the political and economic relations of the countries of the region with the EU. The role of the Central Asian countries in EU foreign policy was more clearly defined after the adoption of the European Union Strategy for Central Asia in 2007. The European Union has taken a number of steps to strengthen its position in the region. Several formats of bilateral and regional cooperation have been created, and EU representative offices have been opened in the countries of the region.Over the past decade, the European Union has significantly intensified its foreign policy in Central Asia. It expanded diplomatic ties and successfully implemented mechanisms for developing cooperation with Central Asia. In particular, it has expanded its presence in the region, successfully launching several of its strategic programs in various areas of cooperation.In 2019, the European Union adopted a new Strategy for Central Asia. This is the first radical revision of the document adopted in 2007. This indicates a desire to update the base of interac tion and to build relations with the countries of the region in a new way. The European Union pays special attention to such areas of cooperation as energy issues, global security problems and joint struggle against the threats of terrorism, Islamic fundamentalism and radical extremism, transport and infrastructure. Particular attention is paid to the prospects and problems of the EU’s interaction with the Kyrgyz Republic, which cover various aspects: political, economic, social, trade, cultural. On 19 November 2017, the European Union and the Kyrgyz Republic began negotiations to update the existing bilateral agreement, which is intended to replace the partnership and cooperation Agreement. After the completion of the negotiations, a new agreement on expanded partnership and cooperation between Kyrgyzstan and the European Union was initialed on July 6, 2019. It includes new areas of cooperation and significantly improves the regulatory framework for trade and economic relations in accordance with WTO rules and regional economic agreements. The new agreement provides for cooperation between Kyrgyzstan and the EU in areas such as: policy and reform, enhanced cooperation in foreign policy and security issues, in the areas of justice, security and freedoms, as well as in trade.
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Aubakir, Assima. "NEW EU STRATEGY FOR CENTRAL ASIA: HISTORY, VISION, PROSPECTS." Central Asia and The Caucasus 21, no. 4 (December 17, 2020): 007–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.37178/ca-c.20.4.01.
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Today, the Central Asian region is once again becoming a point of attraction for the interests of the international community—in geopolitical, as well as in trade and economic terms. The interests of major world powers intersect here, and each has its own approach to establishing relations with the regional countries. The European Union, which never considered this region a geopolitical priority, has been implementing its own Central Asia Strategy since 2007. In July 2017, the Council of the European Union decided to completely revise the Strategy based on new realities, as well as the ambitions and priorities of the regional states in their relations with the EU. A new strategy for relations between the European Union and Central Asia was adopted in June 2019. The revision of the strategy is slated to allow the EU to strengthen its cooperation with the Central Asian countries, highlight the most effective projects, and revise those aspects of interaction that did not bring the desired results. Currently, there is an intensification of intra-regional cooperation in Central Asia; there are positive trends in the development of dialog on important issues of the regional agenda. For this reason, the approaches and tools of European diplomacy in the implementation of its policy in Central Asia are expected to undergo significant adjustments as the Strategy is updated. The subject of this article is precisely this transit period in the relations between the European Union and Central Asia.
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Petrakos, George, Andrés Rodríguez-Pose, and Antonis Rovolis. "Growth, Integration, and Regional Disparities in the European Union." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 37, no. 10 (October 2005): 1837–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a37348.
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In this paper we challenge the ability of the conventional methods initiated by Barro and Sala-i-Martin in the early 1990s to detect actual convergence or divergence trends across countries or regions and suggest an alternative dynamic framework of analysis, which allows for a better understanding of the forces in operation. With the use of a SURE model and time-series data for eight European Union (EU) member states, we test directly for the validity of two competing hypotheses: the neoclassical (NC) convergence hypothesis originating in the work of Solow and the cumulative causation hypothesis stemming from Myrdal's theories. We also account for changes in the external environment, such as the role of European integration on the level of regional disparities. Our findings indicate that both short-term divergence and long-term convergence processes coexist. Regional disparities are reported to follow a procyclical pattern, as dynamic and developed regions grow faster in periods of expansion and slower in periods of recession. At the same time, significant spread effects are also in operation, partly offsetting the cumulative impact of growth on space. Similar results are obtained from the estimation of an intra-EU model of disparities at the national level, indicating that the forces in operation are independent of the level of aggregation. Our findings challenge the view of economic growth as the main driver for a reduction of regional disparities and contribute to the growing scientific evidence that points towards the need to rethink current EU-wide regional development policies.
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Zioło, Monika, and Lidia Luty. "Disproportions in the level of innovation in European Union countries." Scientific Papers of Silesian University of Technology. Organization and Management Series 2023, no. 166 (2023): 903–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.29119/1641-3466.2022.166.57.
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Purpose: One of the most important areas of reflection on innovation and innovativeness is regional policy and issues related to the development of the economy. The phenomena of globalisation and pressure to create a knowledge-based economy means that not only enterprises, but also countries are forced to optimise the use of their potential on a macro, meso or micro scale. For this reason, the issue of innovativeness is connected with particular economic entities and sectors of the economy, with the activity of state, regional and local authorities and the European Union. In the conditions of deepening European integration, stimulating innovation of territorial socio-economic systems is an important instrument of economic policy at the international, national and regional levels. The aim of the study is to assess the level of innovativeness of the region in spatial and dynamic terms. Multivariate Statistical Analysis will be used to determine the aggregated indicator based on data taken from Eurostat database. Design/methodology/approach: The implementation of the objective will be achieved through the evaluation and comparison of the level of innovativeness of EU countries with the use of a synthetic measure, estimated by using one of the model methods of linear ordering of objects in the years 2015, 2018 and 2021. In the proposed method, the synthetic measure is determined using the distance of the examined objects from the model objects. The dynamic approach will allow to determine the directions of changes. The level of innovation of regions (EU countries) determined by a number of indicators that were adopted in four areas: human capital, finance, business activity and intellectual property protection. Findings: The region's innovativeness is a multidimensional phenomenon, which is directly unmeasurable, hence the need to use statistical methods when measuring it. Obtained results will allow to assess the studied phenomenon, build a ranking and identify countries with a high, medium or low level of innovation. The results of the analyses confirmed that it is advisable to consider innovation by plane, because in this case there is a greater differentiation of countries. Due to the level of innovation, the highest positions in the ranking were taken by Sweden, Germany, Finland and Austria, at the end of the ranking were countries from Central and Eastern Europe, Poland, Latvia, Bulgaria and Romania. In the area of innovative activities, Estonia ranked very high being classified in the group I of the most innovative countries. The country is characterized by high employment in innovative enterprises, significant expenditure on innovation and a large share of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) introducing product innovations. The fact that the countries of Central and Eastern Europe are reducing the distance to more innovative EU countries should be assessed positively, as evidenced by lower values of the coefficients of variation in 2021 compared to 2015. Keywords: innovation of regions, dynamics, Multivariate Statistical Analysis. Category of the paper: research paper.
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Rachwał, Tomasz, Krzysztof Wiedermann, and Wioletta Kilar. "Rola przemysłu w gospodarce układów regionalnych Unii Europejskiej." Studies of the Industrial Geography Commission of the Polish Geographical Society 14 (January 1, 2009): 31–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.24917/20801653.14.4.
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The aim of the paper is to present the role of industrial activity in the economy of European Union regional systems, with a special reference to Poland, measured by the employment rate and gross added value. Defining the range of influence of regional industry should allow us to define the places of accumulation of new development advantages, which is important from the perspective of the development of these areas. To assess the recent changes in the space of European industry in regional systems, a dynamic analysis of the discussed processes was carried out, covering the period of economic transformation of the Central and Eastern Europe countries and their integration with the European Union. To analyze the function of industry in the development of knowledge-based economy, the authors identified the relationship between the amount of investment in industry and the potential employees in research and development activities. The authors also attempt to assess the suitability of various measures of industrial development to determine their role in regional economic systems in the conditions of intensifying processes of globalization and European integration.
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Habro, Irina, and Mykhailo Solomko. "Development of environmental diplomacy of the European Union." European Historical Studies, no. 18 (2021): 6–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2524-048x.2021.18.01.
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The article is devoted to the analysis of the development of environmental diplomacy of the European Union. Today environmental diplomacy has become an important way for states to promote their course of environmental diplomacy, to protect their environmental rights and interests, to promote their own economic and environmental development. The most striking example of the application of green diplomacy on a regional and global scale is the environmental policy implemented by EU member states. Within the EU there is a huge number of environmental programs for the development of renewable energy sources, protection of flora and fauna, as well as combating pollution of water and land resources. To implement its own environmental diplomacy, the EU has adopted a number of important regulations, which are analyzed in the article. The most thorough legal act in the field of environmental diplomacy was Council Directive 85/337 / EEC of 1985 on the assessment of the effects of public and private projects on the environment. This directive reflects the EU’s desire to draw the attention of government agencies and the public to environmental issues and to encourage their collective solution. EU environmental diplomacy is carried out through diplomatic missions, missions, delegations, as well as at the individual level. It involves European politicians and officials who are able to influence international public opinion, employees of foreign ministries and diplomatic missions. The EU also involves third countries as partners to discuss the most pressing environmental issues and their future solutions: climate change, biodiversity conservation, soil depletion, forest and water resources, and renewable energy. Environmental protection is one of the priority areas for European integration. States wishing to join the EU must meet its environmental standards and implement key principles of environmental legislation. It is noted that the EU countries are trying to transfer the economy to clean technologies and diplomatically encourage others to take measures to improve the environmental situation.
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Jovančević, Radmila, Tomislav Globan, and Vedran Recher. "Does the Cohesion Policy Decrease Economic Inequalities in the European Union?" Zagreb International Review of Economics and Business 18, no. 2 (November 1, 2015): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zireb-2015-0006.
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Abstract This paper examines the impact of the EU Cohesion Policy on the relative development of EU countries as well as on the development of NUTS-2 regions within member states. The main hypothesis is that the Cohesion Fund payments are reducing inequalities between member states, while failing to decrease the regional inequalities within member states in the European Union. The basic conclusion is that Cohesion funds should not be viewed as the only solution for the problem of regional inequalities in the EU, but rather as a complementary policy instrument to national regional policies. However, the problem of creating institutional capacity for the withdrawal of the Cohesion resources remains emphasized, especially in new member states with lower real GDP growth, in order to compete for projects of highest multiplicative effects on the economy.
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Voronkov, L. S. "Nothern European Lessons for Eurasian Integration." Russia & World: Sc. Dialogue 1, no. 1 (September 30, 2021): 79–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.53658/rw2021-1-1-79-91.
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The paper is dedicated to the differences between the classical instruments for regulating interstate political and trade-economic relations from those used in the development of regional integration processes. Traditionally, the Eurasian Economic Union is compared with the European Union, considering the EU as a close example to follow in the development of integration processes. At the same time, there exist the other models of integration. The author proposes to pay attention to the other models of integration and based on the analysis of documents, reveals the experience of Northern Europe, which demonstrates effective cooperation without infringing on the sovereignty of the participants. The author examines the features of the integration experience of the Nordic countries in relation to the possibility of using its elements in the modern integration practice of the Eurasian Economic Union.
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Świstak, Marek. "Fundusze Unii Europejskiej w Polsce: dekada doświadczeń." Przegląd Europejski, no. 3-2016 (December 11, 2016): 48–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.31338/1641-2478pe.3.16.3.
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The purpose of this article is to summarise more than a decade of Polish participation in the use of European Union Funds. During this period, we have seen an acceleration of economic growth, increasing Polish exports (mainly to EU countries) and a significant inflow of foreign investments. The development, however, have proved to be uneven in nature. The more developed regions gained the most from participation in EU funding, which does not reflect the regional policy objectives. So far, the regional policy in Poland is largely (though not exclusively) focused on investment that could only modernise the Polish economy in a superficial way. Examples are infrastructure investments that only raise living conditions. The ability to use EU funds in strengthening the competitiveness and innovativeness of Polish economy is utilised to a small extent.
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Waniak‑Michalak, Halina, Maciej Woźniak, and Robert Lisowski. "Credit Guarantee Schemes – Are They Efficient? Experience from European Union Countries." Comparative Economic Research. Central and Eastern Europe 25, no. 4 (December 16, 2022): 87–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1508-2008.25.31.
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The paper aims to assess selected elements of the business models of credit guarantee schemes (CGSs) implemented in 20 European Union countries within the financial framework between 2007 and 2013. This paper focuses on the CGSs’ financial additionality that depends mainly on how these programs are managed, the institutions implementing them, the objectives set and their distribution constraints. We analyse the implementation costs and the use of the funds allocated to implement the schemes. To reach the goal, we used several methods: the Kruskal‑Wallis by ranks, the median test, discriminant analysis, multidimensional scaling, and correlation. We also did the power analysis. We discovered that the efficiency of CGS implemented by non‑governmental organisations, mutual guarantee funds and regional agencies is related to the level of regional development. The relationship is not visible only when banks are engaged, which may be due to the impossibility of assigning a bank’s activities to a single region. However, we did not find differences in efficiency between types of organisations that implement CGSs. The answers to the research questions posed in the article can help policymakers and researchers conclude whether it is cost‑effective to continue supporting CGSs and whether the management of these schemes should change. The paper contributes to the economic policy theory in the area of state aid to SMEs and public finance.
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Skowronek-Gradziel, Agnieszka. "Analysis of the differentiated Internet use in the activity of the EU enterprises in 2014." Scientific Journal of the Military University of Land Forces 191, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 36–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.2397.
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The article aims at identification of dependencies occurring in relation to the Internet use in the activities of enterprises in the European Union countries in 2014. The research hypothesis assumed that the spatial diversity exists in the European Union in the area under study. The article presents the results of research conducted on the basis of data from the European Statistical Office regarding the use of the Internet in the activities of enterprises in 2014. The study covered 28 countries in the European Union. On account of the nature of research, the methods of Multidimensional Comparative Analysis were employed. The acquired knowledge has a cognitive dimension and can be applied in practice to set tasks for leveling out the development differences with regard to the European regional policy in the subsequent financial perspectives.
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Manea, Gheorghe Cosmin. "Theories and Strategies of Economic Development in the Region." Proceedings of the International Conference on Business Excellence 14, no. 1 (July 1, 2020): 984–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/picbe-2020-0093.
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AbstractThe concern for increasing macroeconomic stability is specific to both, small and large countries within the European Community. In that paper are presented ways in which are made links between the states of the world policies and economies development characteristics. That study has imposed a new type of characterization sustained by the national economies manifestation whose is correlated with the interaction between governmental policies and also with national and regional factors. This interaction is conditioned by specify effect of the economic, scientific, demographic, social and cultural development of each country, part of European Union. Taking into account all the imminent obstacles over the years of nations existence, is demonstrated that the European Union is supposed over and over of a new development process, being considered one of the most economically prosperous areas in the world and also one of the most competitive. However, major weaknesses arise due to the existence of significant disparities in prosperity and productivity between Member States and component regions. The complexity of the regional development policy arises at the level of the European Union, from its objective of reducing the economic and social disparities existing between the different region of Europe’s that was and will be an objective that it has implications on important areas for development, such as economic growth, labor force, transport, agriculture, urban development, environmental protection, education. Registered at different levels (local, regional, national and European) - regional policy, deals with the coordination of the different sectors and with the cooperation between the decision levels and the balancing of the financial resources. The conclusion is related with the idea of a must follow regional development economies starting from national level respecting a certain dynamic. That aspect must also take into account the continuous changes determined by the restructuring of the production and the increase of the competitiveness at national and local level.
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Lunt, Ingrid. "Education and training for psychology in Europe: an overview." Psychology Teaching Review 7, no. 2 (September 1998): 4–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpsptr.1998.7.2.4.
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In this article I attempt to give an overview of education and training trends in European countries. This is a complicated task, since the countries of Europe differ considerably in their traditions of education and training for psychology. It is, however, possible to identify some patterns and broad regional trends. Directives of the European Union aim to facilitate free movement of professionals between member states of the Union, and to require individual states to develop procedures for judging equivalence of qualifications. EFPPA, the European Federation of Professional Psychologists’ Associations, a Federation of 28 European psychologist organizations, has carried out some work to compare university curricula in different countries; there is a commitment within the Federation to move towards European titles, and to consider the development of a European Diploma. These issues are discussed.
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Amjad, Faiza, and Naheed Zia Khan. "External Determinants of Growth and Growth Projections: SAARC and Pakistan." Pakistan Development Review 43, no. 4II (December 1, 2004): 737–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v43i4iipp.737-755.
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The world is increasingly being divided into regions. The regional trading blocs are becoming more and more deepened and widened around the globe. The European Union (EU) has already reached a stage approximating to the trading relations usually found within a country rather than between the countries. The existence of regional economic groups, particularly in European and American continents, pose a range of theoretical, empirical and organisational questions for developing countries like Pakistan who depend on the countries of these regions for a significantly high share of their international trade. This paper focuses on the prospects of extended economic cooperation of Pakistan with the member countries of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC).1 The argument is structured around three parts. Part I reviews the theoretical rationale of regional economic cooperation and the recent developments shaping the trading relations within the cooperating blocs. Part II critically evaluates the relative size and significance of the external sector of the SAARC region countries, along with presenting statistical estimates of the major external determinants of the region’s economic growth. Finally, Part III estimates the relationship of major directions of Pakistan’s exports with the economic growth of the country and presents the growth projections by increasing and diverting the exports to the SAARC and ASEAN region countries.
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Vlad, Cristina, and Petre Brezeanu. "Fiscality - A Relevant Factor Influencing Regional Development in Romania and the European Union." Studia Universitatis „Vasile Goldis” Arad – Economics Series 26, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 48–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sues-2016-0009.
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Abstract The paper aims to examine taxation in the EU in correlation with regional development measures implemented. We started with the EU vision on regional development. If during the 2007-2013 period, were pursued three major objectives (convergence, regional competitiveness and territorial cooperation), in the current 2014-2020 funding period, money is allocated differently between countries that are deemed to be more developed, in transition and less developed. These categories are set according to GDP per capita. Next we exposed the fiscal changes made in the EU in 2010-2011 period and then we corelate them with the strategy for regional development for five member states: Romania, Bulgaria, Czech Republic , Hungary and Poland. We used data reported by Eurostat regarding the evolution of unemployment rate and for the foreign direct investments in 2007-2012 period. We also brought up and changes required by the new Romanian Fiscal Code. According to it, measures such as reduction of income tax for new micro enterprises or extending the VAT reverse charge mechanism in many sectors of activity, are meant to encourage foreign capital inflows and also to increase the level of regional development. As a general conclusion, we found that there is a direct link between fiscal policy and regional development; fiscal measures implemented influence the level of unemployment, economic growth, and competitiveness in the private sector.
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Горобець, Ігор, and Андрій Мартинов. "BALKAN INTEGRATION PROCESSES: HISTORY AND MODERNITY." КОНСЕНСУС, no. 2 (2022): 77–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.31110/consensus/2022-02/077-090.
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The aim of the article is to highlight the attempts of Balkan regional integration in the twentieth century and early XXI century. The Balkan region occupies a special place in European history. Various civilization influences intersect in the Balkans, and trade routes from Europe to the Middle East have traditionally passed. The uneven historical development of the Balkan peoples has led to the severity of the formation of nation-states and the dominance of conflicting internal regional and external interests in the Balkans. The conflict potential of Balkan history was due to the clash of ideas of "great" state formations in the form of "Greater Serbia", "Greater Albania", "Greater Serbia", "Greater Macedonia". An attempt to resolve these contradictions on an international basis was an attempt to implement the Yugoslav project. This project had two different implementation attempts. After the First World War, Yugoslavism was embodied in the format of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. After the Second World War, a more successful attempt at international integration was made in the form of Yugoslav federalism. However, exogenous processes have overturned the achievements of endogenous regional integration. The implementation of the European integration project of the Balkan countries depends on the readiness of the European Union to accept them and on the readiness of the Balkan countries to become part of the European Union. The European integration of the Balkan countries raises the question of the borders of the European Union. Turkey remains on the verge of civilization influences. Turkey's accession to the European Union is of strategic global importance. The qualitative characteristics of the European Union depend on the solution of this issue. The EU does not synchronize the accession process of the Balkan countries with the negotiation process with Turkey. It is impossible to do that, because Turkey is more than all the six Balkan countries that emerged after the breakup of Yugoslavia.
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KAPINOS, Natallia, Viktor GONCHAROV, Olena RYBINA, and Nataliia PROKOPENKO. "EXPERIENCE OF LAND USE DEVELOPMENT PLANNING AT THE LOCAL (MUNICIPAL) LEVEL IN THE EUROPEAN UNION." AgroLife Scientific Journal 10, no. 2 (December 31, 2021): 83–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.17930/agl2021210.
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The article examines the development of theoretical and methodological approaches and practical recommendations for improving the ecological and economic foundations of land management and land management at the local level in the example of the European Union. In practice, regional, spatial, strategic, landscape, and integrated types of land use development planning are most often used in the European Union. With the development of the market economy of European society, environmental problems arose, which prompted the development of landscape planning, both landscape-ecological and socio-economic aspects of territorial development. The experience of landscape planning was introduced in Germany, which later became used in almost all European countries. The study and direct comparison of existing landscape planning systems in different European countries, and their reduction to several basic features are not possible and impractical because these systems are very different. This is due to a number of reasons: history, features of political systems, cultural traditions, level of economic development, the nature of legal systems and property relations. Landscape planning in the European Union is going to be one of the tensest areas of activity in the future, and Ukraine must take an active part in this process.
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Zhao, Xuejiao, Chaoying Shi, and Yangjie Li. "Can European Union (EU) Enlargement Boost Regional Economic Common Growth? Multi-Period Difference-in-Difference (DID) Method." Journal of Environmental and Public Health 2022 (August 30, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4502628.
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Under the dual background of Britain’s blatant “Brexit” and the steady “expansion” of the European Union (EU) audit list, the economic effect of the development of regional alliances, in the end, is a question worthy of in-depth discussion. Using data from a sample of 27 EU member states from 2000 to 2018, this study examines and compares the impact of EU enlargement on economic growth for countries as a whole, developed and developing countries, and Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries using a multi-period difference-in-difference (DID) method and explores the mechanisms underlying that. The results show that EU enlargement contributes to the expected regional economic growth, and the effect is more evident in developed countries and CEE countries; the robustness of the results is tested by the dynamic effect test and counterfactual method; EU enlargement improves the spatial allocation of factor markets through regional integration, increases productivity, and positively promotes the overall national economic growth. As a typical quasi-natural experiment of the development of regional integration, the research results of this study on the enlargement of the EU provide a useful reference for the promotion of the development of cross-administrative integration around the world.
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Ferasso, Marcos, Lydia Bares, Daniel Ogachi, and Miguel Blanco. "Economic and Sustainability Inequalities and Water Consumption of European Union Countries." Water 13, no. 19 (September 29, 2021): 2696. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13192696.
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Water scarcity is becoming a global concern for many reasons as its consumption increases. This research aimed to analyze sustainability inequalities in the water consumption of EU countries. Descriptive statistics using data for four AQUASTAT periods (2002, 2007, 2012, and 2017), and quotients for the AQUASTAT 2017 period, were calculated using a proposed econometric model. The main results were that countries with high GPD and population showed high water stress and total water withdrawal. Countries with lower industry-value-added-to-GDP quotients were among those with higher industrial water use efficiency, while low water-services-use-efficiency quotients were associated with high services value added to GDP. Suggestions for policymakers are provided and formula application guidelines for regional-level comparisons are described.
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Gylka, K. "Prospects for European Integration of the Republic of Moldova and the Constitutional Component." Scientific Research and Development. Economics of the Firm 10, no. 2 (August 6, 2021): 84–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2306-627x-2021-10-2-84-89.
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The European Union (EU) is an economic and political union of 28 European countries. The population is 508 million people, 24 official and working languages and about 150 regional and minority languages. The origins of the European Union come from the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) and the European Economic Community (EEC), consisting of six states in 1951 - Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg and the Netherlands. These countries came together to put an end to the wars that devastated the European continent, and they agreed to share control over the natural resources needed for war (coal and steel). The founding members of ECSC have determined that this European project will not only be developed in order to share resources or to prevent various conflicts in the region. Thus, the Rome Treaty of 1957 created the European Economic Community (EEC), which strengthened the political and economic relations between the six founding states. The relevance of the topic stems from their desire of peoples and countries to live better. The purpose of the study is to identify the internal and external development mechanisms of European countries and, on this basis, to formulate a model of economic, legislative and social development for individual countries. The results of the study provide a practical guideline for determining the vector of the direction of efforts of political, economic, legislative, humanitarian, etc.
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Baer-Nawrocka, Agnieszka, and Wioleta Barczak. "PRODUCTION POTENTIAL OF HOLDINGS SPECIALIZING IN COW MILK PRODUCTION IN MACROREGIONS OF THE EUROPEAN UNION – A TYPOLOGICAL ANALYSIS." Annals of the Polish Association of Agricultural and Agribusiness Economists XXII, no. 1 (February 8, 2020): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.7982.
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The purpose of this paper was to classify FADN macroregions in the European Union into types by production potential of farms specializing in cow milk production in 2008 and 2017. The production of cow milk is one of the most important branches of animal production both in Poland and other European Union countries, therefore it is the subject of numerous publications. Most often, cow milk production is the subject of research in global terms, European Union countries or regional diversity in Poland. Relatively rarely does the subject of milk production cover a regional approach throughout the European Union. Due to dynamic changes in factors affecting milk production and, in particular, the abolition of the cow milk production quota system in EU countries in 2015, it is important to continue to monitor changes in the milk market, especially on the supply side. Hellwig’s method was employed in the calculation of the synthetic indicator of production potential for each macroregion in order to determine types. The study demonstrated that the most advantageous characteristics of the production potential of milk farms, in both years covered, were mostly reported by EU-15 macroregions located in western and northern Europe. Macroregions of new member countries, except Slovakia, were less competitive in terms of their potential. As demonstrated by this analysis, development disparities persist between milk farms located in different EU macroregions.
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Michalopoulos, Evangelos, Andreas Georgiou, and Konstantinos Paparrizos. "Risk-based decision making and risk management of European Union regional programs." Yugoslav Journal of Operations Research 18, no. 1 (2008): 75–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/yjor0801075m.
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This paper presents a generalized method for management decision making incorporating risk assessment techniques. The risk based decision making methodology is applied to European Union expenditure programs used to implement its regional policy, such as the community support framework, community initiatives, special initiatives and other European policies. An example is presented for the development of an audit (inspection) program in the region of West Macedonia, Greece, during the implementation of the 3rd Community Structural Support Framework Operational Program. The generic nature of the method permits its use in the management of similar European regional programs in Greece and other European countries. It is also applicable to many other industries interested in applying risk-based management decisions to physical or process based systems. .
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Vasilescu, Laura Giurca. "Agricultural Development in European Union: Drivers, Challenges and Perspectives." Pakistan Development Review 47, no. 4II (December 1, 2008): 565–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v47i4iipp.565-580.
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Globalisation of world trade, consumer-led quality requirements and EU enlargement are the new realities and challenges facing European agriculture today. The changes will affect not only agricultural markets, but also local economies in rural areas. The future of the agricultural sector is closely linked to a balanced development of rural areas. The Community dimension in this relationship is therefore clear: agricultural and rural policy have an important role to play in the cohesion of EU territorial, economic and social policy. With over 56 percent of the population in the 27 Member States of the European Union (EU) living in rural areas, which cover 91 percent of the territory, rural development is a vitally important policy area. Farming and forestry remain crucial for land use and the management of natural resources in the EU’s rural areas, and as a platform for economic diversification in rural communities. The strengthening of EU rural development policy is, therefore, an overall EU priority. The European Union has an active rural development policy because this helps to achieve valuable goals for the country sides and for the people who live and work there. The policy is funded partly from the central EU budget and partly from individual Member States' national or regional budgets. Theoretically, individual EU Member States could decide and operate completely independent rural development policies. However, this approach would work poorly in practice. Not all countries in the EU would be able to afford the policy which they needed and many of the issues addressed through rural development policy do not divide up neatly at national or regional boundaries. Also, rural development policy has links to a number of other policies set at EU level. Therefore, the EU has a common rural development policy, which nonetheless places considerable control in the hands of individual Member States and regions. The EU’s rural development policy is all about meeting the challenges faced by our rural areas, and unlocking their potential.
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KUPALOVA, Halina. "DEVELOPMENT OF PRODUCTION POTENTIAL OF TOURISM BUSINESS IN EU COUNTRIES." Herald of Khmelnytskyi National University. Economic sciences 304, no. 2(2) (March 18, 2022): 30–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.31891/2307-5740-2022-304-2(2)-5.
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Tourism entrepreneurship in a modern post-industrial society is an important component of the economy of Ukraine, as it allows the development of adjacent areas of production, contributes to regional development through the creation of additional jobs, employment of the population, and tax revenues. With Ukraine obtaining the status of a candidate for membership in the European Union, there is a need to analyze the evolution of tourism entrepreneurship in European countries, predict the scale of development of its production potential in the coming years. At the same time, first of all, it is advisable to clarify the understanding of the production potential of entrepreneurship essence from the point of view of theory. The purpose of the article is to clarify the essence, identify the main trends and calculate the forecast indicators of the tourism entrepreneurship production potential development in the EU countries, taking into account which will contribute to the accelerated integration of Ukraine into the international market of tourist services. The article discusses modern approaches to the interpretation of the “production potential” concept. The expediency of using the resource approach to the assessment of the production potential development of tourism entrepreneurship is substantiated. The structure of the production potential of tourism entrepreneurship of the EU was analyzed. The trends of changes in the structure of the tourism entrepreneurship production potential in the EU during 2011–2020 have been determined. The ranking of European countries by the growth rate of the total number of beds in tourist accommodations in 2011–2020 was carried out. With the help of VAR modeling, a forecast of the production potential development of the EU tourism business until 2030 was made.
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Calignano, Giuseppe. "Nanotechnology as a proxy to capture regional economic development? New findings from the European Union Framework Programmes." Nanotechnology Reviews 6, no. 2 (April 1, 2017): 159–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ntrev-2016-0028.
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AbstractThe European Union has included nanotechnology in the Key Enabling Technologies helping countries to tackle current and future societal challenges thanks to their applications in multiple industries. Furthermore, one theme named “Nanosciences, Nanotechnologies, Materials and New Production Technologies” was included in the Sixth and Seventh Framework Programmes with the purpose of financing organizations specifically involved in nanotechnology activities. The empirical analysis presented in this paper aims to reconstruct the participation of the Italian private, public and public-private organizations at the regional level in the European Union nanotechnology network. The hypothesis is that a high share of private organizations and a well-balanced proportion of private and public entities are beneficial for knowledge circulation potentially leading to innovation. This paper confirms the findings of other recent studies by revealing that the participation of private, public and public-private organizations at the European Union level overlaps the distribution of the nanotechnology activities in Italy and the regional disparities in the country. More in general, this paper strengthens the concept that the interdisciplinary nature of nanotechnology and the collaborations fostered by the Framework Programmes enable researchers to capture regional economic development from a global viewpoint.
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Suchoń, Aneta. "Legal Determinants of Development of Agricultural Cooperatives in the Countries of the European Union. European, National and Regional Aspects." Studia Iuridica Lublinensia 26, no. 1 (October 3, 2017): 383. http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/sil.2017.26.1.383.
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Melnikas, Borisas. "CREATION OF KNOWLEDGE - BASED ECONOMY IN THE EUROPEAN UNION: THE MAIN TYPICALITIES AND NEW IDEAS OF CLUSTERIZATION." Journal of Business Economics and Management 6, no. 2 (June 30, 2005): 87–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16111699.2005.9636097.
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Possibilities for the development of new forms of economic, social and technological headway designed to create and further improve economies based on knowledge are analyzed here. The main emphasis is put on national and regional economic specialization and creation of new networks of clusters in the situation of the development of the European Union. We have found that clusterization oriented towards the increase of efficiency of various national and regional economies is a critical precondition for successful creation of modern economy based on knowledge, both in the whole space of the European Union and particular countries. Another idea - a concept of creation of regional and cross-regional clusters and their networks also known as ,,economic oazes"‐ is suggested here. It is explained in the paper that in the economies based on knowledge development of clusters and their networks will soon become one of the core forms of economic and technological advancement.
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Maslov, Yurii. "THE EU STRATEGY FOR THE DANUBE REGION AS AN INCLUSIVE FORM OF CROSS-BORDER ECONOMY." Baltic Journal of Economic Studies 4, no. 5 (February 11, 2019): 200. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2256-0742/2018-4-5-200-208.
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The article considers the process of creation and features of activities of various types of transborder formations peculiar for the European Union. Today the cooperation within Euroregions becomes more and more widespread practice both in the EU and among the regions of countries-participants of the Union and those ones neighbouring to the EU, including Ukraine. The problem of modernization of the EU regional policy in the context of the intensification of globalization processes is touched upon. The influence of global factors and changes in the EU regional policy on the transformation of Ukrainian regional policy is determined. In the context of the development of the regional policy of Ukraine, problems of economic development and well-being of citizens in Ukrainian regions are identified; development directions for the cooperation of Ukraine and the EU in this area are established. The purpose of the article is to consider issues of cross-border economy, cross-border region, classify them, define features of Euroregion and, based on the analysis conducted, consider imperatives and problems related to the development and introduction of the Danube Strategy and identify the place and opportunities of Ukraine in this association. The macro-regional approach to solving the tasks of the integration policy of the European Union chosen by the European Union Committee allows uniting the territories according to the principle of their mutual supplementation, reducing the barriers of national borders and creating new opportunities for cross-border regions. The Danube Strategy, despite the common principles and methodologies for the formation of Euroregions, has obvious features. Firstly, the region is characterized by deep imbalances both between countries and within countries themselves. Secondly, the Strategy is an example of a multidisciplinary approach to territorial planning in the region and has a pronounced ecological character, and environmental problems are solved in the search for a compromise with the tasks of socio-economic development. Thirdly, being the internal strategy of the European Union, however, has a significant external dimension, the incorporation of which can be quite a challenge. There are four main directions for the regional development in the Danube Strategy (so-called “pillars”: association, ecology, well-being, strengthening). For each direction, priority areas are designated that are supervised by the coordinating countries. Conceptually, the EUSDR is a continuation of the Europe-2020 strategic document of the EU and proclaims the achievement of the region of “smart, sustainable and inclusive development” as its main objectives. At the same time, a kind of paradox is that the Danube strategy aimed at levelling social, economic, institutional gaps in the region generates them by the very principles of its existence. It is hard to imagine that unequal countries, getting too different funding, will be able to equalize their capabilities at the finish. The strategy will help realize the EU’s obvious desire to transform the Danube into an internal transport artery with a highly developed infrastructure and improved cargo traffic, which will allow connecting the North Sea with the Black and Azov seas, placing the transportation of resources of Caspian region and Asia under control of European structures. The creation and activity of cross-border regions make a significant contribution both to the strengthening of political and economic integration within the EU and to the development of cooperation between the member countries of the Union and neighbouring states.
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Dragutinović-Mitrović, Radmila, and Predrag Bjelić. "Trade regimes and bilateral trade in the EU enlargement process: Focus on the Western Balkans." Acta Oeconomica 65, no. 2 (June 2015): 249–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/032.65.2015.2.4.
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This paper aims at investigating the role of different trade regimes in determining the bilateral trade of Western Balkan countries and the enlarged European Union between 2001—2010. Special focus is laid on the intra-regional trade of Western Balkan countries and complementarities of this sub-regional trade integration and the EU accession process. Using panel data, we estimated the gravity model of bilateral exports from Western Balkan and Central Eastern European countries to the core EU members in the 2001–2010 period. The results confirm the importance of EU membership for the development of acceding countries’ trade and shed light on asymmetrical trade regimes as important factors of boosting the bilateral trade flows. Additionally, CEFTA 2006 has a significant contribution to intra-regional Western Balkans trade.
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Espasa, Marta. "The Territorial Redistributive Power of the EU Budget: Empirical Evidence at National and Regional Levels." Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 19, no. 5 (October 2001): 771–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/c0038.
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The author's purpose is to estimate the redistributive power of the European Union budget among the European countries and regions. The analysis is focused on the main items of revenue, expenditure, and net fiscal balance. First, the income elasticity of the European Union revenues, expenditures, and fiscal balance are estimated in order to examine the degree to which these instruments are progressive. Second, the impact of these instruments in the regional and national income is analysed with the objective of evaluating the capacity to reduce differences in per capita income levels.
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Mathisen, Gjermund. "Nordic Cooperation and the European Arrest Warrant: Intra-Nordic Extradition, the Nordic Arrest Warrant and Beyond." Nordic Journal of International Law 79, no. 1 (2010): 1–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157181009x12581245929569.
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AbstractFor almost half a century, the Nordic countries have had a particular system of regional extradition. That system inspired and influenced the development of the European Arrest Warrant scheme at the turn of the millennium. Now, with the former Nordic system being replaced by a “Nordic Arrest Warrant”, the Nordic countries have in turn been inspired and influenced by the European Arrest Warrant scheme. In the future, it may be that the Nordic Arrest Warrant will inspire and influence further developments of the European Arrest Warrant scheme. The present article attempts an analysis of past and future interaction between developments on the Nordic level and the European Union level in this field.
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Sapa, Agnieszka, and Łukasz Kryszak. "PROCESSED FOOD TRADE OF EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES – THE GRAVITY APPROAC." Annals of the Polish Association of Agricultural and Agribusiness Economists XXIII, no. 2 (May 24, 2021): 96–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.8975.
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A significant feature of world trade development is the diminishing role of developed countries in the international agri-food market. The share of the European Union in processed food export has been reducing steadily from 2000, giving place to developing countries at the same time. Considering studies devoted to the factors influencing bilateral trade, the question to what extent the trade of processed food depends on consumer preferences represented by absolute differences of GDP per capita (Linder hypothesis), geography, and trade liberalization remains open. It is interesting in the context of the new demand-oriented trade theory and the globalization process that causes a shrinking distance. The main purpose of the paper is to indicate the impact of consumer preferences and geography on the export value of processed food of EU countries in 2000-2019. To achieve this goal, the gravity model was constructed and estimated via Hausman-Taylor panel regression. The dependent variable was the bilateral export value of processed food of EU countries. The independent variables included GDP, geographical distance between partners, differences of GDP per capita of exporters and importers as a proxy of the Linder hypothesis, membership in a preferential trade agreement, and being landlocked. Research confirmed the validity of the Linder hypothesis and the significance of geography and regional trade integration in shaping the export value of processed food of EU countries.
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Mihai, Costică, Mioara Borza, and Mihai Talmaciu. "Reaching the Objectives of Sustainable Development on the Basis of the Creative Industries – A South and Eastern European Analysis." Scientific Annals of Economics and Business 63, no. 1 (2016): 109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/saeb-2016-0108.
Full textAbstract:
The reduction of the development gap of South and East European economy compared with the rest of the developed countries represent an important condition to achieve the goal of „healthy development“ of European Union. High level of competitiveness in West European industries as well as new policy of sustainable development causes a rethinking of strategy of individual countries. Creative industries may contribute to the efficient utilization of local resources and individual characteristics. Using the culture like an “engine” of regional development, in South and Eastern Europe, countries can generate many positive and lasting effects on these economies. This article presents the role and evolution of creative goods and industries in South and Eastern European countries, and aims to prefigure their impact on sustainable development of these regions. The involvement of these goods in international trade may improve or rehabilitate the position of different economies at European level.
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Che Jayoung. "A Review on the Prospect of Regional Development of Greece and Central/Eastern European Countries in the European Union." Journal of Mediterranean Area Studies 11, no. 3 (August 2009): 117–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.18218/jmas.2009.11.3.117.
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