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1
United Nations. Economic Commission for Africa. ECA and Africa: Fifty years of partnership. [Addis Ababa]: Economic Commission for Africa, 2008.
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2
Africa, United Nations Economic Commission for. ECA and Africa: Fifty years of partnership. [Addis Ababa]: Economic Commission for Africa, 2008.
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3
United Nations. Economic Commission for Africa. The ECA and Africa: Accelerating a continent's development. Addis Ababa: Economic Commission for Africa, 1999.
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4
Madani, Faisal. Indonesian experiences on literacy for life skills and entrepreneurship (LLSE): A case study on EFA promising practices in the Asia-Pasific region. [Jakarta]: Indonesian National Commission for UNESCO, 2014.
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5
Regions in transition: The Northern Great Plains and the Pacific Northwest in the Great Depression. Lanham, MD: University Press of America, Inc., 2007.
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6
Koivurova, Timo. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) in the Arctic. Taylor & Francis Group, 2017.
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7
Hong Kong in China: Perspectives from the Region (Eai Occasional). Singapore University Press, 1999.
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8
Monshipouri, Mahmood. Pipeline Politics in Iran, Turkey, and the South Caucasus. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190673604.003.0003.
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The relationship between Iran, Turkey and the South Caucasus states have been influenced by an array of geopolitical, strategic, cultural, and economic factors. The competition between Iran and Turkey and their roles in the South Caucasus are best defined by traditional balance-of-power relations and the broader context of the post-Soviet era. This chapter unpacks the complex dynamics of pipeline politics in the South Caucasus region by underlying the need to understand the “Great Power Game” involving geostrategic and geo-economic interests of local governments, regional actors, global powers, and international oil companies. The larger focus turns on underscoring the importance of the region’s large oil and gas reserves; its land connection between the Caspian Sea, South Caucasus, and Europe; and its long-standing territorial conflicts in the post-Soviet era. Iran and Turkey have fought for influence in the South Caucasus while maintaining relatively good bilateral relationships in the region.
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Blevins, Brooks. A History of the Ozarks, Volume 1. University of Illinois Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252041914.001.0001.
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A History of the Ozarks, Vol. I: The Old Ozarks is the first book-length account of life in the Ozark region of Missouri, Arkansas, and Oklahoma in the era before the Civil War. Placing the region’s story within the context of North American and United States history, The Old Ozarks follows the human story in the Middle American highlands from prehistoric times until the eve of the Civil War. Along the way it chronicles the rise and fall of the powerful Osages, the settlement of the French in the Mississippi Valley and the flood of Anglo-Americans on the frontier, the resettlement of immigrant Indians from the East, and the development of antebellum society in the diverse terrain of the Ozark uplift. Above all The Old Ozarks follows a narrative approach that focuses on the people whose activities and ambitions brought life to the region, from the Shawnee Quatawapea to Moses Austin, and in turn brings life to many long-forgotten individuals and the lifeways that they brought with them from Tennessee, Kentucky, and other parts of the Upland South. The storyline that flows throughout The Old Ozarks underscores not a region of isolated backwoodsmen but a regional variation of the American story.
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Chen, Calvin P. Organizing Production across Regions. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190846374.003.0012.
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Wenzhou, once a neglected locale on China’s southeastern seaboard, has in the post-Mao era experienced tremendous economic growth and produced some of the country’s most successful entrepreneurs. With the acceleration of Chinese out-migration in the post–Cold War era, key features of the “Wenzhou model”—extensive use of social capital, self-reliance, and risk-taking—have appeared among Chinese businesses across Europe. This chapter examines this phenomenon through a cross-regional ethnographic approach. Although ethnography is typically site-specific, for the purpose of tracing diaspora practices and experiences, it is feasible and fruitful to conduct ethnography across areas. Such an approach illuminates surprising parallels between the “Wenzhou model” and its newer incarnation in Prato, Italy. It also traces economic success of the Chinese there to their ability to recognize and exploit certain similarities between Wenzhou and Prato, and to the Wenzhounese’s long-standing ability to adapt core business practices to “fit” better with different environments.
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EFA global week: Summary of issues raised during the launch of the EFA national action plan in the regions, 09-16 April, 2003. [Windhoek: s.n., 2003.
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12
Brown, Martin. The Transmission of Banking Crises to Households: Lessons from the 2008–2011 Crises in the ECA Region. The World Bank, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-6528.
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United Nations. Economic Commission for Africa. Multi-disciplinary Regional Advisory Group. and United Nations. Economic Commission for Africa., eds. Meeting the challenge of African development in the 1990s: ECA-Multidisciplianry[sic] Regional Advisory Group (ECA-MRAG). Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: The Commission, 1992.
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14
Stanley, Matthew E. “The Great Brotherhood of the West”. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252040733.003.0005.
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Chapter Four examines evolving definitions of loyalty after emancipation and black enlistment, contending that the Ohio Valley, with its persistent Copperheadism, was perhaps the last place in the United States where sectionalism, a form of geographic identity associated with the politics of slavery and civil war, destabilized regionalism. Again, soldiers and civilians adapted the language of region and race either to back or to reject social change. Although Copperheadism dissolved following Abraham Lincoln’s reelection in November 1864, its racial, regional, and economic language was repurposed during the postconflict era by enemies of Reconstruction.
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Latysh, I. K. From the Urals to the Carpathians. PH “Akademperiodyka”, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/akademperiodyka.051.374.
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The book contains a biography of the oldest geologist in Ukraine. His homeland is the Chernihiv region, he lived in the Urals for about 30 years, worked and studied. The author was a participant in the Great Patriotic War as a tank crewman, fought in battles from Smolensk to Vienna (Austria). Since the 1960s he’s again been living in Ukraine. His biography reflects almost the entire Soviet era. The chapters of the book are imperceptibly interconnected by the original presentation of the material. Special attention is paid to the geology and mineralogy of deposits and ore occurrences of precious metals of the Urals, as well as the Carpathians and other regions of Ukraine.
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Montin, Stig. Municipalities, Regions, and County Councils. Edited by Jon Pierre. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199665679.013.22.
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Local self-government has been recognized as a distinctive feature of the Swedish political system for many decades, and still is. However, from the 1980s a new era of change and reform has taken place, which to some extent challenges the image of local self-government and local representative democracy. Two basic tensions are explored: that between central control and local self-government, and between coherence and fragmentation in local governance. Emphasis is placed on the relationship between politics and administration, increased organizational complexity, new relations between citizens and local government, and changing modes of central government control and how the local system is coordinated.
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Blevins, Brooks. A History of the Ozarks, Volume 2. University of Illinois Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252042737.001.0001.
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A History of the Ozarks, Vol. 2: The Conflicted Ozarks focuses on the long era of Civil War and Reconstruction, stretching roughly from the 1850s through the 1880s. The book begins with an analysis of slavery (the most thorough examination of the institution in the region to date) and the secession crisis. Almost half the book deals with the four years of civil warfare, including a summary of the formal, battlefield war in the Ozarks and an examination of various facets of the home front, from guerrilla fighters to the role of women. It also features the most comprehensive portrait of the long Reconstruction era in the Ozarks, including a comparison of political Reconstruction in Arkansas and Missouri as well as an extended treatment of social and economic reconstruction that chronicles railroad building, manufacturing, extractive industry, and the development of educational institutions in the postwar years. In addition to the continuation of volume 1’s argument that the story of the Ozarks is mostly an unexceptional, regional variation of the American story, volume 2 is built on the thematic concept of multiple layers of conflict in the region--divisions over slavery, wartime violence and its stubborn continuation in the Reconstruction era, and the continuing conflicted identity of the Ozarks as part southern and part midwestern, part Union and part Confederate, part modern and part backwoods.
18
1967-, Zaidi Salman, and World Bank, eds. Satisfaction with life and service delivery in the ECA region: Some insights from the 2006 life in transition survey. Washington, D.C: World Bank, 2009.
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19
Bellamy, Alex J. East Asia's Other Miracle. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198777939.001.0001.
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East Asia, until recently a boiling pot of massacre and blood-letting, has achieved relative peace. A region that at the height of the Cold War had accounted for around 80 percent of the world’s mass atrocities has experienced such a decline in violence that by 2015 it accounted for less than 5 percent. This book explains East Asia’s “other” miracle and asks whether it is merely a temporary blip in the historical cycle or the dawning of a new, and more peaceful, era for the region. It argues that the decline of mass atrocities in East Asia resulted from four interconnected factors: the consolidation of states and emergence of responsible sovereigns; the prioritization of economic development through trade; the development of norms and habits of multilateralism; and transformations in the practice of power politics. Particular attention is paid to North Korea and Myanmar, countries whose experience has bucked regional trends largely because these states have not succeeded in consolidating themselves to the point where they no longer depend on violence to survive. Although the region faces several significant future challenges, this book argues that the much reduced incidence of mass atrocities in East Asia is likely to be sustained into the foreseeable future.
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Rush, James R. Southeast Asia: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780190248765.001.0001.
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The eleven countries of Southeast Asia are diverse in every way, from the ethnicities and religions of their residents to their political systems and levels of prosperity. These nations—Myanmar, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, Vietnam, Singapore, the Philippines, Laos, Cambodia, Brunei, and East Timor—are each unique, yet shared traditions mean that each country is also typically Southeast Asian. Southeast Asia: A Very Short Introduction traces the region’s history from the earliest “mandala” kingdoms to the colonial era and the present day. Synthesizing the ideas of leading scholars, it provides an analysis of contemporary Southeast Asia that accommodates its bewildering ethnic, religious, and political complexities while exposing the underlying patterns that make it a unified world region.
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Perovic, Jeronim. From Conquest to Deportation. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190889890.001.0001.
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This book is about a region on the fringes of empire, which neither tsarist Russia, nor the Soviet Union, nor in fact the Russian Federation, ever really managed to control. Starting with the nineteenth century, it analyzes the state's various strategies to establish its rule over populations highly resilient to change imposed from outside, who frequently resorted to arms to resist interference in their religious practices and beliefs, traditional customs, and ways of life. Jeronim Perović offers a major contribution to our knowledge of the early Soviet era, a crucial yet overlooked period in this region's troubled history. During the 1920s and 1930s, the various peoples of this predominantly Muslim region came into contact for the first time with a modernizing state, demanding not only unconditional loyalty but active participation in the project of “socialist transformation.” Drawing on unpublished documents from Russian archives, Perović investigates the changes wrought by Russian policy and explains why, from Moscow's perspective, these modernization attempts failed, ultimately prompting the Stalinist leadership to forcefully exile the Chechens and other North Caucasians to Central Asia in 1943-4.
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Shannon, Timothy. Iroquoia. Edited by Frederick E. Hoxie. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199858897.013.10.
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This chapter explores the history of the region dominated by the Iroquois League—a Native American confederacy made up of the Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, Seneca, and Tuscarora nations. The chapter traces the shifting identity and geographic borders of Iroquoia in the Great Lakes region, from the era of European contact to the present day. Through a deft combination of warfare and diplomacy during the colonial era, the Iroquois established the most powerful Indian confederacy in northeastern America. The political influence and territorial integrity of this confederacy was badly shaken during the revolutionary era, but the cultural identity of the Iroquois remains strongly rooted in modern New York and Canada, and for that reason Iroquoia continues to exist in the present day.
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Elkins, Evan. Locked Out. NYU Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479830572.001.0001.
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“This content is not available in your country.” Media consumers around the world regularly run into this reminder of geography’s imprint on digital culture. Despite utopian hopes of a borderless digital society in an era of globalization, DVDs, video games, and streaming platforms include digital rights management mechanisms like region codes and IP address detection systems that block media access within certain territories. Although propped up by national and transnational intellectual property regulation, these technologies of “regional lockout” are designed primarily to keep the entertainment industries’ global markets distinct. Beyond this, they frustrate consumers around the world and place certain territories on a hierarchy of global media access. Drawing on extensive research of media-industry strategies, consumer and retailer practices, and media regulation, Locked Out explores regional lockout in DVDs, console video games, and streaming video and music platforms. The book argues that regional lockout has shaped global media culture over the past few decades in three interrelated ways: as technological regulation, media distribution, and geocultural discrimination. As a form of digital rights management, regional lockout builds in limitations on the affordances of digital software and hardware. As distribution, it seeks to ensure that digital technologies accommodate media industries’ traditional segmentation of markets. Finally, as a cultural system, regional lockout shapes and reflects long-standing global hierarchies of power and discrimination.
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Noyalas, Jonathan A. Slavery and Freedom in the Shenandoah Valley during the Civil War Era. University Press of Florida, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9780813066868.001.0001.
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In Slavery and Freedom in the Shenandoah Valley during the Civil War Era, Jonathan Noyalas examines the complexities of life for African Americans in Virginia’s Shenandoah Valley from the antebellum period through Reconstruction. Although the Valley was a site of fierce conflicts during the Civil War and its military activity has been extensively studied, scholars have largely ignored the black experience in the region until now. Correcting previous assumptions that slavery was not important to the Valley, and that enslaved people were treated better there than in other parts of the South, Jonathan Noyalas demonstrates the strong hold of slavery in the region. He explains that during the war, enslaved and free African Americans navigated a borderland that changed hands frequently—where it was possible to be in Union territory one day, Confederate territory the next, and no-man’s land another. He shows that the region’s enslaved population resisted slavery and supported the Union war effort by serving as scouts, spies, and laborers, or by fleeing to enlist in regiments of the United States Colored Troops. Noyalas draws on untapped primary resources, including thousands of records from the Freedmen’s Bureau and contemporary newspapers, to continue the story and reveal the challenges African Americans faced from former Confederates after the war. He traces their actions, which were shaped uniquely by the volatility of the struggle in this region, to ensure that the war’s emancipationist legacy would survive.
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Winter, Stefan. Not Yet Nationals. Princeton University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691167787.003.0007.
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This chapter documents the ʻAlawis' ambivalent relationship with the Syrian Arab, Ottoman/Turkish, and French colonial projects at the threshold of the contemporary era. The first section considers the educational policies of the Abdülhamid regime toward the ʻAlawis, which generated what was probably the most extensive documentation ever in their regard. The second and third sections analyze ongoing control and development measures in the region under both Abdülhamid and the CUP government (1908–14), and show how the ʻAlawis capitalized on the opportunities provided by modern schooling and increasing contact with the outside world to promote a distinctly local, ʻAlawi “reformism.” The final section discusses the contrast between France's separatist, confessionalist policies and Turkey's resolve to incorporate and assimilate the ʻAlawis of Cilicia and the Alexandretta (Hatay) district.
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Below, Amy. Latin American Foreign Policy. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.253.
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Latin American foreign policy has drawn the attention of scholars since the 1960s. Foreign policy–related literature began to surge in the 1980s and 1990s, with a focus on both economic and political development. As development in the region lagged behind that of its northern neighbors, Latin American had to rely on foreign aid, largely from the United States. In addition to foreign aid, two of the most prevalent topics discussed in the literature are trade/economic liberalization and regional economic integration (for example, Mercosur and NAFTA). During and after the Cold War, Latin America played a strategic foreign policy role as it became the object of a rivalry between the United States and the Soviet Union hoping to expand their power and/or contain that of the other. This role was also explored in a considerably larger body of research, along with the decision of Latin American nations to diversify their foreign relations in the post–Cold War era. Furthermore, scholars have analyzed different regions/countries that have become new and/or expanded targets of Latin American foreign policy, including the United States, Canada, Europe, Asia, and the Middle East. Despite the substantial amount of scholarship that has accumulated over the years, a unified theory of Latin American foreign policy remains elusive. Future research should therefore focus on the development of a theory that incorporates the multiple explanatory variables that influence foreign policy formulation and takes into account their relative importance and the effects on each other.
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Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service, ed. EDA programs: A comparison of the public works and economic development act with proposed reauthorization legislation (H.R. 2015). [Washington, D.C.]: Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress, 1990.
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28
Netherlands. Raad van Advies voor de Ruimtelijke Ordening., ed. Advies ten behoeven van het tweede Structuurschema Verkeer en Vervoer: Beschouwingen naar aanleiding van het Bereikbaarheidsplan Randstad, de Notitie Verkeer en milieu e.a. 's-Gravenhage: SDU, 1988.
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29
Gomez Arana, Arantza. Non-institutionalized relations between the EU and Mercosur. Manchester University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7228/manchester/9780719096945.003.0004.
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This chapter covers the first stage of EU-Mercosur policy relations by focussing on the period of 1985 to 1990. At this stage, policy relations were not institutionalized. Policy relations began in 1985 for several reasons. Firstly, the European Union signed the Treaty of Accession of Spain and Portugal which meant the beginning in terms of a new direction in policy towards Latin America, including the Mercosur countries; this is a clear reflection of the creation of a “commitment” towards Latin America, although at a very low level due to the low “ambition” towards the region. Secondly, in 1985, Mercosur countries also started their own regional integration programme. This stage proved to be key in the development of EU-Mercosur relations because it established a new emphasis on EU policy towards Latin America by establishing channels for communication between the two regions, particularly through the development of the annual EU-Rio Group meetings; without this engagement, the EU and Mercosur would have not developed their relationship, and the fact that it came at this point helps to explain the events of the following stages. By the time Mercosur was officially launched in 1991, the EU was fully aware of the integration movement in South America thanks to these years of European Union-Latin America relations. In relation to the engagement of the European Union towards Mercosur, the conclusion comes from a low “ambition” and “commitment” on the European side. This stage of the policy shows the lowest engagement of the three stages. But this engagement is certainly superior to the pre-Iberian membership era.
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Ulrichsen, Kristian Coates. Qatar and the Gulf Crisis. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197525593.001.0001.
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Qatar and the Gulf Crisis examines the attempt by four states – Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, and Egypt – to isolate and blockade Qatar. The book explores in detail the policy responses taken in Qatar since early-2017 by a small state, cut off by its neighbors and subject to a regional power-play designed to appeal to the baser instincts of a U.S. presidency that had taken office lacking any real sense of a foreign policy and vulnerable, in its first months, to unprecedented attempts by foreign powers to influence American domestic and national security interests. The blockade of Qatar was launched fifty years to the day since Israel launched a surprise attack on the Egyptian Air Force at the start the Six-Day War. Just as that war came to define regional politics across the Middle East for a generation so the blockade of Qatar has developed into the most serious rupture in the Gulf since the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait in August 1990 and has become a similarly era-defining event for the region. Qatar and the Gulf Crisis examines how and why Qatar was able to beat back a blockade that was supposed to split the country and force it into a position of submission to the would-be regional hegemony of Saudi Arabia and Abu Dhabi (in the UAE).
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Altunışık, Meliha Benli. Turkey’s Soft Power in a Comparative Context. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190673604.003.0007.
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This chapter focuses on the soft power of Turkey, comparing its engagements with the states of the South Caucasus (and Central Asia) to the countries of the Middle East. The chapter argues that for Turkey, the use of soft power was a tool to re-establish relations with, and acquire acceptance in, its neighborhood. In the case of the South Caucasus, Turkey attempted to reconnect with a region that it was cut off from for a long time due to the Soviet era and the Cold War. In the Middle East, there was an effort to redefine its engagement after a decade of securitization of its foreign policy in the 1990s. Although soft power increased Turkey’s visibility and presence, it is unclear if it changed the nature of Turkey’s influence, which remained highly limited when faced with the realities of hard power politics, unable to influence the regional actors it targeted.
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Bloxham, Donald, and A. Dirk Moses, eds. The Oxford Handbook of Genocide Studies. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199232116.001.0001.
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The Oxford Handbook of Genocide Studies subjects both genocide and the discipline it has spawned to systematic, in-depth investigation. Genocide has scarred human societies since Antiquity. In the modern era, genocide has been a global phenomenon: from massacres in colonial America, Africa, and Australia to the Holocaust of European Jewry and mass death in Maoist China. In recent years, the discipline of genocide studies has developed to offer analysis and comprehension. Thirty-four articles chart genocide through the ages by taking regional, thematic, and disciplinary-specific approaches. Articles examine secessionist and political genocides in modern Asia. Others treat the violent dynamics of European colonialism in Africa, the complex ethnic geography of the Great Lakes region, and the structural instability of the continent's northern horn. South and North America receive detailed coverage, as do the Ottoman Empire, Nazi-occupied Europe, and post-communist Eastern Europe. Sustained attention is paid to themes like gender, memory, the state, culture, ethnic cleansing, military intervention, the United Nations, and prosecutions.
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Dewing, Rolland. Regions in Transition: The Northern Great Plains and the Pacific Northwest in the Great Depression. University Press of America, 2006.
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Matthews, Scott L. Capturing the South. University of North Carolina Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469646459.001.0001.
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This expansive history of documentary work in the South during the twentieth century examines the motivations and methodologies of several pivotal documentarians, including sociologists Howard Odum and Arthur Raper, photographers Jack Delano and Danny Lyon, and music ethnographer John Cohen. It also explores the contentious history of documentary work in Hale County, Alabama, a place immortalized by writer James Agee and photographer Walker Evans in their collaborative book, Let Us Now Praise Famous Men, as well by other documentary artists such as William Christenberry, Martha Young, and J.W. Otts. The work of these documentarians salvaged and celebrated folk cultures threatened by modernization or strived to reveal and reform problems linked to the region's racial caste system and exploitative agricultural economy. Images of alluring primitivism and troubling pathology often blurred together, neutralizing the aims of documentary work carried out in the name of reform during the Progressive era, New Deal, and civil rights movement. Black and white southerners in turn often resisted documentarians' attempts to turn their private lives into public symbols. Hale County, Alabama and other places in the region became not only an iconic sites of representation but also battlegrounds where black and white residents challenged the right of documentarians to represent them. The accumulation of influential and, occasionally, controversial documentary images of the South created an enduring, complex, and sometimes self-defeating mythology about the region that persists into the twenty-first century.
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Heirbaut, Dirk. Feudal Law. Edited by Heikki Pihlajamäki, Markus D. Dubber, and Mark Godfrey. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198785521.013.13.
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Historians of a previous generation saw feudalism as a creation of the Carolingians, which was to be found mainly in the heartland of their empire. However, in 1994 Susan Reynolds demolished this view: feudalism is not medieval, but the product of the early modern era, albeit with roots in the medieval Libri Feudorum. Reynolds and others were right in attacking the old views but, on the other hand, recent research also shows that in at least four pioneering regions feudalism already appears in the eleventh century, before the Libri Feudorum. However, the latter helped to spread feudalism to other parts of Europe. The upshot was not one model of feudalism that was slavishly followed all over Europe and remained constant until the demise of feudalism. There were only regional feudalisms that were very different from the model of the traditional handbooks.
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Prieto, Gabriel, and Daniel H. Sandweiss, eds. Maritime Communities of the Ancient Andes. University Press of Florida, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9780813066141.001.0001.
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Maritime Communities of the Ancient Andes examines how settlements along South America’s Pacific coastline played a role in the emergence, consolidation, and collapse of Andean civilizations from the Late Pleistocene era through Spanish colonization. Providing the first synthesis of data from Chile, Peru, and Ecuador, this wide-ranging volume evaluates and revises long-standing research on ancient maritime sites across the region.
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Moya, Jose C., ed. The Oxford Handbook of Latin American History. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195166217.001.0001.
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The Oxford Handbook of Latin American History brings together seventeen articles that survey the recent historiography of the colonial era, independence movements, and postcolonial periods. The articles span Mexico, Spanish South America, and Brazil. They begin by questioning the limitations and meaning of Latin America as a conceptual organization of space within the Americas and how the region became excluded from broader studies of the Western hemisphere. Subsequent articles address indigenous peoples of the region; rural and urban history; slavery and race; African, European, and Asian immigration; labor; gender and sexuality; religion; family and childhood; economics; politics; and disease and medicine. In so doing, they bring together traditional approaches to politics and power, while examining the quotidian concerns of workers, women and children, peasants, and racial and ethnic minorities.
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Oliveira, Francisco Evandro de. A Barbie Gestora. Brazil Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31012/978-65-5861-467-8.
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Rachel é a única filha de Dona Marlene, uma cigana que vivia completamente desgarrada de seu povo, na região do Vale do Cariri-CE. De seu relacionamento com o filho de um médico famoso na cidade, veio a nascer Rachel. Porém, antes disso, ela foi expulsa da tribo e obrigada a prover seu próprio sustento. Foi para Fortaleza e lá conseguiu emprego em uma casa de família e, depois de dois anos, veio com mala e cuia para o Rio de Janeiro, onde seu único passatempo era a costura – o que lhe dava um prazer imenso. A menina cresceu e quase não tinha amigos por conta de sua origem cigana, no entanto, crescia tão formosa quanto a mãe. Apaixonou-se perdidamente por um de seus amigos próximos, mas sua mãe e a avó do rapaz não aceitaram o romance e ela foi obrigada a se separar dele. Dois anos depois, já iniciando a faculdade, cai nas graças de um professor e se casa com ele. Tempos depois, nasce Rutth, sua única filha. Esta se torna a heroína da trama quando, aos 17 anos, casa-se com um conde italiano e vai morar com ele na Itália. Inicialmente, é detestada e ignorada por toda família do conde, pois eles almejavam uma mulher extremamente rica e de família tradicional e Rutth, a despeito de sua beleza estonteante, era bem magrinha. Assim, seus ofensores a chamavam de Barbie. Contudo, ela consegue, de modo rápido e com relativa tranquilidade, aprender a língua italiana, fazer um curso superior de Design Artístico e ajudar seu marido na administração das empresas dele, é neste ponto que começa outra oposição a ela na família. No entanto, sua inteligência supera todos os desafios e ela vai paulatinamente arrefecendo a resistência a sua pessoa, por conta dos lucros que as empresas passam a ter e também quando nasce seu casal de gêmeos. Pouco tempo depois, todos terão que lhe beijar a mão jurando-lhe fidelidade. Assim, a trama segue…
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Posner, Paul W., Viviana Patroni, and Jean François Mayer. Labor Politics in Latin America. University Press of Florida, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9781683400455.001.0001.
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Labor Politics in Latin America assesses the capacity of working-class organizations to represent and advance working people’s demands in the era of globalization and neoliberalism, in which capital has reasserted its power on a global scale. The book’s premise is that the longer-term sustainability of development strategies for the region is largely connected to the capacity of working-class organizations to secure a fairer distribution of the gains from growth through labor legislation reform. Its analysis suggests the need to take into consideration the wider structural changes that reconfigured the political maps of the countries examined (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Mexico, and Venezuela), for example, globalization and its impact on democratic transformation in the region, operating within longer time frames. It is precisely this wider structural analysis and historical narrative that allows the book’s case studies to show that, even in the uncovering of substantial variation, what becomes evident in the study of Latin America over the last three decades is the overwhelming reality that for most workers in the region, labor reform—or the lack thereof —in essence increased precarity and informality and weakened labor movements.
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Robson, Laura. The Politics of Mass Violence in the Middle East. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198825036.001.0001.
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The Mashriq today is characterized by an astonishingly bloody civil war in Syria; an ever more highly racialized and militarized approach to the concept of a Jewish state in Israel and the Palestinian territories; an Iraqi state paralyzed by the emergence of class- and region-inflected sectarian identifications; a Lebanon teetering on the edge of collapse from the pressures of its huge numbers of refugees and its sect-bound political system; and the rise of a wide variety of Islamist paramilitary organizations seeking to operate outside all these states. The region’s emergence as a “zone of violence” characterized by a viciously dystopian politics of identity is a relatively recent phenomenon, developing only over the past century or so; but despite these shallow historical roots, the mass violence and dispossession now characterizing Syria, Lebanon, Israel/Palestine, and Iraq have emerged as some of the twenty-first century’s most intractable problems. This book uses a framework of mass violence—encompassing the concepts of genocide, ethnic cleansing, forced migration, appropriation of resources, mass deportation, and forcible denationalization—to explain the emergence of a dystopian politics of identity across the Eastern Mediterranean in the modern era and illuminate the contemporary breakdown of the state from Syria to Iraq to Israel.
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Pellicer, Miquel, and Eva Wegner. Quantitative Research in MENA Political Science. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190882969.003.0016.
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In this chapter, Miquel Pellicer and Eva Wegner make the case for employing quantitative analysis in the study of the Middle East and North Africa. The chapter recognizes the difficulties in obtaining good and reliable data, but employs examples of recent methodological innovations to discuss how such difficulties can be reduced. The authors also point out that quantitative methods in isolation cannot do justice to the political and social complexities of the region and in-depth qualitative knowledge is required to make sense of raw data.
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Newman, Judith H. Conclusion. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190212216.003.0006.
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Although by no means offering a complete taxonomy of scripture formation, the book considers a wide range of literary genres and practices across the diverse population of Judeans throughout the region. The conclusion draws out some of the implications for understanding the fluid nature of scriptures in the Hellenistic-Roman era. The search for the “original text” of the Bible is a vain one; rather, scriptures were formed through a traditioning process that involved sacralization through the entwinement of prayer practices and textual interpretation. These texts were mediated by learned teachers and leaders in textual communities.
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Hawthorne, Walter. States and Statelessness. Edited by John Parker and Richard Reid. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199572472.013.0004.
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This chapter examines the history of state-based and stateless societies in Africa, focusing on how local political and economic processes have mediated broader regional and global processes. It considers the factors which distinguish states from stateless societies, evaluates the shifting historiography, and charts the entangled histories of states and stateless peoples from the early modern era to the nineteenth century and on to the era of colonial conquest and rule.
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Snyder, Christina. The South. Edited by Frederick E. Hoxie. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199858897.013.26.
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Surveying the history of Native Americans of the South from ancient times through the early twenty-first century, this chapter draws on oral tradition, material culture, climatology, and historical documents. Like all Native North Americans, Southern Indians have a dynamic past. They repeatedly adapted their societies to meet challenges arising from climate change 10,000 years ago, population growth during the Mississippian era, population collapse due to the introduction of new diseases following contact, warfare, and slaving in the colonial era, Indian removal, and ongoing US racial discrimination and imperialism. While pointing out diversity within the region, as well as the ties that linked Southern Indians to other people and places over time, this chapter also marks the cultural characteristics that make Native peoples of the South a distinctive group, namely their traditions of matrilineal kinship, dense populations, their long history of agriculture, and distinctive art forms and architecture.
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Steadman, Sharon. The Early Bronze Age on the Plateau. Edited by Gregory McMahon and Sharon Steadman. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195376142.013.0010.
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This article presents data on the Early Bronze Age (EBA) of the Anatolian plateau. The EBA on the plateau has been identified as a period of “urbanization,” or at least the age in which complex society emerged, including the rise of an extensive trade network, established by the second half of the third millennium BCE. Chalcolithic period interregional trade with regions as far afield as Transcaucasia and possibly southeastern Europe was strengthened by connections ranging across the plateau, stretching into the Aegean, and southeastward to northern Mesopotamia and beyond. Monumental architecture appears, and metallurgy not only serves to change the utilitarian household assemblage but also becomes an important indicator of wealth and social position.
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Zaman, Muhammed Qasim. Islam in Pakistan. Princeton University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691149226.001.0001.
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The first modern state to be founded in the name of Islam, Pakistan was the largest Muslim country in the world at the time of its establishment in 1947. Today it is the second-most populous, after Indonesia. This book is the first comprehensive book to explore Islam's evolution in this region over the past century and a half, from the British colonial era to the present day. The book presents a rich historical account of this major Muslim nation, insights into the rise and gradual decline of Islamic modernist thought in the South Asian region, and an understanding of how Islam has fared in the contemporary world. Much attention has been given to Pakistan's role in sustaining the Afghan struggle against the Soviet occupation in the 1980s, in the growth of the Taliban in the 1990s, and in the War on Terror after 9/11. But as this book shows, the nation's significance in matters relating to Islam has much deeper roots. Since the late nineteenth century, South Asia has witnessed important initiatives toward rethinking core Islamic texts and traditions in the interest of their compatibility with the imperatives of modern life. Traditionalist scholars and their institutions, too, have had a prominent presence in the region, as have Islamism and Sufism. Pakistan did not merely inherit these and other aspects of Islam. Rather, it has been and remains a site of intense contestation over Islam's public place, meaning, and interpretation. Examining how facets of Islam have been pivotal in Pakistani history, this book offers sweeping perspectives on what constitutes an Islamic state.
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Barrett, Faith. Great and Noble Lines. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199390205.003.0002.
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This chapter compares David Drake to George Moses Horton. Like Dave the Potter, Horton is a once-forgotten African American author who was living and writing in the South during the slave era. Barrett historicizes Horton’s formalism as a poet to reveal the racial and social underpinnings of his aesthetic. The fact that Horton’s poems were regularly commissioned by the slave-owning gentry of his region gives us a comparable model with which to comprehend the unexpected leniency shown Dave the Potter. Beyond the similarities, Barrett traces compelling differences between Horton and Drake, advancing, while also considering the limits of, a comparative approach to Dave the Potter.
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Morton, Nicholas. The Crusader States and their Neighbours. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198824541.001.0001.
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The Crusader States and their Neighbours explores the military history of the medieval Near East, piecing together the fault-lines of conflict which entangled this much-contested region. This was an area where ethnic, religious, dynastic, and commercial interests collided and the causes of war could be numerous. Conflicts persisted for decades and were fought out between many groups including Kurds, Turks, Armenians, Arabs, and the Crusaders themselves. This book recreates this world exploring how each faction sought to advance its own interests by any means possible, adapting its war craft to better respond to the threats posed by their rivals. Strategies and tactics employed by the pastoral societies of the Central Asian Steppe were pitted against the armies of the agricultural societies of Western Christendom, Byzantium, and the Islamic World, galvanizing commanders to adapt their practices in response to their foes. Today, we are generally encouraged to think of this era as a time of religious conflict and yet this vastly over-simplifies a complex region where violence could take place for many reasons and peoples of different faiths could easily find themselves fighting side-by-side.
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Roessler, Philip, and Harry Verhoeven. Why Comrades Go to War. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190611354.003.0013.
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The conclusion explores the book’s broader implications. The unraveling of the AFDL happened within the same fifteen-month timeframe that would also see the outbreak of a “war of brothers” between Eritrea and Ethiopia (May 1998) and a violent fall-out between the RPF and Uganda's NRM (August 1999)—on Congolese territory. The fall of Kinshasa in May 1997 marked the last successful violent revolution brought about by liberation movements in Africa (save for the Sudan People’s Liberation Movement’s (SPLM) partial victory in Sudan). Existing liberation regimes shifted their focus to internal development and a narrow conception of national interest rather than continuing to export revolution and building deep institutional ties with brother countries. Thus, rather than the AFDL triumph ushering in a new era of liberation politics and regional solidarity that would transform Africa, it was in some sense the Thermidor of the Pan-Africanist, Nyerere-driven vision of unity and security through regime change campaigns. The final pages of the book assess the lasting impact of the liberation project on African politics.
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James, Simon, and Stefan Krmnicek, eds. The Oxford Handbook of the Archaeology of Roman Germany. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199665730.001.0001.
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Germania was one of the most important and complex zones of cultural interaction and conflict between Rome and neighbouring societies. A vast region, it became divided into urbanized provinces with elaborate military frontiers and the northern part of the continental ‘Barbaricum’. Recent decades have seen a major effort by German archaeologists, ancient historians, epigraphers, numismatists, and other specialists to explore the Roman era in their own territory, with rich and often surprising new knowledge. This Handbook aims to make the results of this great effort of modern German and overwhelmingly German-language scholarship more widely available to Anglophone scholarship on the empire. Archaeology and ancient history are international enterprises characterized by specific national scholarly traditions; this is notably true of the study of Roman-era Germania. This volume compromises a collection of essays in English by leading scholars working in Germany, presenting the latest developments in current research as well as situating their work within wider international scholarship through a series of critical responses from other, very different, national perspectives. In doing so, this book aims to reveal the riches of the archaeology of Roman Germany, promote the achievements of German scholars in the area, and help facilitate continued English and German language discourses on the Roman era.