Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Région de stabilité'
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Djalinoos, Ahmad. "Le rôle de l'Iran, la sécurité et la stabilité politique du Golfe persique de 1968 à 1979." Toulouse 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999TOU10072.
Lozano-Faux, Laurence. "Etude spectroscopique des noyaux riches en protons aux limites de la stabilité dans la région 24 ≤ Z ≤ 28." Bordeaux 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR10562.
Berguiga, Imène. "La microfinance entre performance sociale et performance financière : une application à la région MENA." Thesis, Paris Est, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PEST3002.
Microfinance is a means of the struggle against poverty in developing countries through financing activities that generate incomes for poor households. The issue regarding the best way to provide financial services to the poor has fuelled intensive debates between two different schools of thought: institutionalists and welfarists. This opposition faces two requirements of microfinance: Targeting the poorest among the poor, which refers to the social performance and enhancing the profitability of the institution (financial performance). Is there a trade-off between these two performances or can they combine? The state of research upon this issue suggests that these two requirements are compatible and may even be complementary.Following a cross-section factor analysis, we examine the relationship between social performance and financial performance on a sample of 52 MFIs in 9 selected countries of the MENA region: Most MFIs in Egypt are both socially and financially successful, whereas those in Yemen are socially successful and those in Jordan are financially successful. The determinants of these performances vary according to the status (NGO vs. non NGO), maturity, credit methodology (collective vs. individual), the level of information disclosure, geographical location (countries) and regulations of MFIs.An econometric panel study (1998-2008) examines the unequivocal causality and causal interaction between social performance and financial performance. The regression results show that social performance has a negative impact on financial performance and conversely, and the causal interaction between these two types of performances remains unclear in the long run. The results also show that the main determinants of these two performances depend on the life cycle of MFIs, the relationship between age and performance is not linear, the regulation of MFIs depends not only on their countries but also on their institutional status, macroeconomic effects are important in achieving performances, mature MFIs seek to ensure good repayment rates instead of increasing portfolio yield
Gauthier, Mélanie. "Relation entre les comportements extériorisés et la stabilité de l'expérience de garde chez les enfants de 4 à 5 ans qui fréquentent un centre de la petite enfance." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26469.
Valmorbida, Giorgio. "Analyse en stabilité et synthèse de lois de commande pour des systèmes polynomiaux saturants." Phd thesis, INSA de Toulouse, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00512335.
Korbi, Fakhri. "La finance islamique : une nouvelle éthique ? : Comparaison avec la finance conventionnelle." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCD031/document.
The first chapter presents Islamic finance, its principles, its products, its institutions. The second chapter presents a comparison between the two banking systems, Islamic and conventional through a study of banking ratios and principal component analysis. The third chapter aims to clarify the factors attracting customers towards Islamic banks and shows that they are not confined to religious criteria for their choice. The fourth chapter analyzes the intermediation margins of Islamic and conventional banks, using a dynamic approach of the panel (Arellano-Bond 1991). It concludes that Islamic banks are characterized by higher margins. The fifth chapter examines, for the two banking systems, the impact of regulatory pressure. It appears that Islamic and conventional banks operating in MENA are characterized by high capital levels which already well above the regulatory minimum, and therefore regulatory pressure has no impact on Islamic banks. This inefficiency of prudential regulation can be explained by the inadequacy of the regulations to the nature of the risk of these banks. The sixth and final chapter examines the relationship between capital and the risk of failure. It shows that, in MENA, the probability of failure is higher for Islamic banks
Alzaabi, Ali. "Le Conseil de Coopération du Golfe (CCG), Instrument de la Politique de Sécurité dans la Région du Golfe : Enjeux et Risques (1981-2008)." Thesis, Paris 4, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA040025.
The Gulf region has three major powers: Saudi Arabia, Iran, Iraq, and smaller countries such as Bahrain, Kuwait, Qatar, the UAE and the Sultanate of Oman. The Gulf region, greater concentration of oil reserves in the world, represents not only a strategic reserve for the refining and oil supplies, but also an area of long-term extraction of natural gas.Economic problems and lack of freedoms are raised the question of the legitimacy of leaders of countries in the Gulf region. Institutional bodies, like parliaments, faced difficulties in exercising their duties and see their limited discretion by the executive. Looking for a simple but realistic, given the current system should focus on identifying challenges to ensure regional stability, taking account, of course, the international context
Youssef, Darin. "Environnement institutionnel, stabilité bancaire et croissance économique dans les pays du Moyen-Orient et de l'Afrique du Nord." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCD049/document.
The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region has witnessed many institutional and financial reforms meant to stimulate economic development. While traditional theories of economic growth promote capital accumulation and technological progress as fundamental determinants of economic development, studies that gave birth to the “new institutional economics” stress the major contribution of institutional development to economic development. The objective of this dissertation is to understand the role of institutional quality and financial regulation in the process of financial development and economic growth in the MENA region since the 1980s. Based on recent and adequate econometric models, this dissertation answers the following questions: What is the role played by institutional quality and banking regulation in explaining capital, risk and efficiency adjustments in the banking system of the MENA region? Is there a positive and significant effect of institutional quality on banking and economic development? Can inter-country differences in terms of economic performance be explained by institutional factors? significant effect on bank capital, excessive risk taking and efficiency of banks operating in the MENA region; (ii) Banking regulation has a positive and significant effect on banking development, and there is positive and significant interdependence between economic growth and banking development; (iii) the impact of institutional quality is stronger in countries that witnessed a weak growth rate on average compared to fast-growing countries where the institutional effect is not significant
Faivre, Pierre-Marie. "Le traitement des questions de sécurité dans la région sahélo-saharienne : étude des approches malienne, nigérienne et burkinabè." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCB171.
The repetition of political and security crisis in the Sahel region highlights the multiplicity of factors of instability. The State being at the center of our study, we will observe that, despite exogenous threats, its fragility is mostly the result of endogenous decisions. This said, our work will analyze policies implemented by the authorities of Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger, the regional frame in which they place themselves and the mutual dependence they contracted. To counter the weakness of these countries, the regional approach has benne praised. Its effectiveness must, however, face the defense of rulers' and States' particular interests
Sayah, Amine. "Indépendance des banques centrales, stabilité monétaire et intégration financière : application aux cas de l'Union européenne élargie et de quelques pays Tiers Méditerranéens (PTM)." Nice, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NICE0026.
Our objective in this thesis is to analyze the relation between the central bank independence and the process of financial integration. Indeed, by considering the positive correlation between the economic and financial development, we study the role of the institutional central bank independence in the political financial administration. This can serve to determine the economic evolution of the financial process. In this thesis, we present the theoretical fundamentals of the financial integration, the central bank independence and the relation between them. The empirical research for the Euro-mediterranean regional zone financially integrated, covering the period 1995-2005, confirm the significant relation between integration and central bank economic independence
Alzaabi, Ali. "Le Conseil de Coopération du Golfe (CCG), Instrument de la Politique de Sécurité dans la Région du Golfe : Enjeux et Risques (1981-2008)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 4, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA040025.
The Gulf region has three major powers: Saudi Arabia, Iran, Iraq, and smaller countries such as Bahrain, Kuwait, Qatar, the UAE and the Sultanate of Oman. The Gulf region, greater concentration of oil reserves in the world, represents not only a strategic reserve for the refining and oil supplies, but also an area of long-term extraction of natural gas.Economic problems and lack of freedoms are raised the question of the legitimacy of leaders of countries in the Gulf region. Institutional bodies, like parliaments, faced difficulties in exercising their duties and see their limited discretion by the executive. Looking for a simple but realistic, given the current system should focus on identifying challenges to ensure regional stability, taking account, of course, the international context
Liu, Qiong. "Performance Analysis of Dynamic Downlink Cellular Networks." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Rennes, INSA, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022ISAR0017.
The main question posed in this thesis is the characterization of the stability region of a random network when a traffic model is integrated into the description of the network geometry. First, we characterized the stable coverage probability of a random network. Starting from the notion of dynamic coverage probability, the interaction between the queue states in the network is taken into account using a discrete Markov chain modeling of the queues, where the typical user's service rate depends on the dynamic coverage probability. The cases of buffer with finite and infinite size are both taken into account. The stability region indicates from which traffic intensity at least one queue in the network diverges. A more refined description of the phenomenon is made by answering the question, "what is the proportion of unstable queues in the network?". In this case, the notion of epsilon-stability is exploited, which describes the set of traffic intensities for which a queue taken at random has a probability of diverging less than epsilon. Finally, the characterization of the stable regions by considering the resource allocation is very difficult to obtain, because of the dependence between the geometry and the dynamic of the network and the allocation strategy. However, the dynamic nature of the network considered in this thesis lends itself perfectly to description by a Markovian decision process for which reinforcement learning strategies can be proposed. The region of stability is therefore investigated where the typical base station can choose to transmit or remain silent depending on the observed network state
Kelner, Maëlle. "Analyse des processus de glissements gravitaires sous-marins par une approche géophysique, géotechnique et expérimentale : cas de la pente continentale de Nice." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AZUR4113/document.
Small submarine landslides, when triggered near the coast represent a major coastal hazard due to erosion of the coastline and marine submersion. In October 1979, a submarine landslide generated a part of the airport platform of Nice (France) to collapse at sea and provoked a tsunami. Because the continental slope off this region is abrupt, close to the coast and subject to moderate seismic activity it is a natural laboratory to study small-scale submarine mass movements processes. This work is based on a multidisciplinary approach allowing a global study of landslide processes in the source area. It integrates data from marine geophysics, sedimentology, geotechnics and numerical modelling. For the first time morphology and architecture of the Var delta deposits are investigated using very high resolution data. It allows identification of numerous small-size gravitational processes signatures as well as their embedding at depth. In the case of the 1979 landslide previously unknown features are identified: 1) eastern and western scars, 2) in-situ blocks and lateral spreading’s traces, 3) in-depth sliding surface, 4) estimation of a total displaced volume, which is different from the evacuated sediment volume. The sedimentary cores are then used to discuss the proximal distribution of deposits, erosion and paleo-landslides records from the deposits overconsolidation. The landslide activity has been estimated over time in terms of return frequencies. The largest landslides (>106 m3) have return frequencies nearing 50 years; the medium-size landslides (105 > V > 106 m3) between 3 and 25 years; and the numerous small landslides (<105 m3) every 1-2 months to 5 years during the most active periods in the last 50 years. Landslides deposits recorded in the source area show return frequencies of 3-7 years during periods of greater activity over the last 400 years. The morphology’s evolution follows successive cycles of sliding/quiescence/reloading. In recent times, two main cycles can be observed (from 1967 to 1999 and from 1999 to 2011) during which triggering are clustered in 5-10 years. On a longer time scale, the turbidites clusters span 20-40 years and quiescence periods ~100 years. Finally, this study brings new constraints on preconditioning and triggering factors acting on the Var delta. The stability of the area seems to be strongly conditioned by the complexity of the topography, the sediments consolidation and the quantity of sediments brought by the Var river. The deposits architecture mainly constrains the depth of the instabilities. Among the external drivers known in the area the extension of the gas-rich zone as well as fluids plumes in the water column have been considered and mapped. Looking at other external drivers, the analysis shows that the magnitude of rainfall and floods, and the alluvial water level would be too low over the past 50 years to act as an isolated triggering factor. In order to destabilize slopes, these external drivers need to be tackled together or associated to earthquakes. Relationships between databases analyses, landslides activity and numerical tests suggest that regional seismicity and historical earthquakes are either too small or too distant from the source areas to generate sufficient peak ground acceleration (0.2 g) and to have an individual impact on the delta slopes
Heddadj, Settie. "Aéroélasticité des corps de grand allongement en régime supersonique." Orléans, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ORLE2032.
Jelliti, Miloud. "Transition du régime laminaire au régime turbulent : effets de la tridimensionnalité et de la compressibilité." Toulouse, ENSAE, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986ESAE0005.
Neacsa, Vasile I. "The black sea economic cooperation as an element of regional stability and security." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211093.
Cahn, Alice. "Fonction et régulation de l’ADN polymérase spécialisée eta dans la stabilité des régions intrinsèquement difficiles à répliquer." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASL061.
Complete and accurate DNA replication is crucial to transfer correct genetic information to the daughter cells. Various obstacles can interfere with the progression of the replication machinery, threatening genome integrity. Specialized error-prone translesion DNA polymerases (TLS polymerases) assist the replicative polymerases to replicate across DNA lesions. During my PhD I characterized the contribution of TLS pol eta (polη), best known for its role in preventing UV-induced mutagenesis, during unperturbed replication. Polη was shown to promote the stability of the common fragile sites and associates with the replisome in unchallenged S phase. However, the kind of replication barriers requiring pol eta and the consequences of its absence on the replication of these regions were unclear. My results show that polη is recruited at a subset of replication forks all along the S phase and that polη defect modifies the replication timing of genomic regions enriched in large transcribed genes, where transcription-replication conflicts (TRCs) are more likely to occur. Overall, I show that polη recruitment at the replication fork is transcription-dependent, and that pol eta plays a role in the coping with TRCs. Altogether, these results highlight a new role for an error-prone DNA polymerase in protecting the genome stability
Gholipour, Shahraki Eskandar. "Apport de l'UPFC à l'amélioration de la stabilité transitoire des réseaux électriques." Nancy 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NAN10106.
The main prupose of this research is the modeling, the identification of the references and control of UPFC d'UPFC (Unified Power Flow Controller), in order to improve the transient stability of generator connected to an infinite bus. In order to analyse the influence of the UPFC on the network, the mathematical model of a UPFC connected to an infinite bus is presented. Various methods of identification of references ( instantaneous power, decoupled Watt-Var ) and various regulators ( P, PI, IP, RST ) for the shunt part and also series part of the UPFC are studied in the steady state operation. Different methods for identification of the series part like " optimal parameters ", " injection model ", and " state variables " in order to improve the stability of the system, are studied. Finally, a new method for identification based on " state variables " using the local parameters of the system is proposed and tested through the simulations
Erraamouche, Amina. "Comprendre la stabilité politique du régime monarchique au Maroc. La centralité de l'expression discursive royale." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/271370.
Doctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Giuliani, Fabrice. "Étude du comportement d'un système d'injection de turbomachine en régime pulsatoire forcé." Toulouse, ENSAE, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ESAE0007.
Sartor, F. "Instationnarités dans les interactions choc/couche-limite en régime transsonique : étude expérimentale et analyse de stabilité." Phd thesis, Aix-Marseille Université, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01018720.
Yamouni, Sami. "Contrôle en boucle ouverte des instationnarités de cavité en régime transsonique." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EPXX0008.
Reijasse, Philippe. "Aérodynamique des tuyères propulsives en sur-détente : décollement libre et charges latérales en régime stabilisé." Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066351.
Mekki, Kérim. "Mesures synchronisées par GPS pour une meilleure stabilité des réseaux." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00491388.
Natielse, Kouléga Julien. "Le Burkina Faso de 1991 à nos jours : entre stabilité politique et illusionnisme démocratique." Phd thesis, Université Montesquieu - Bordeaux IV, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00869173.
Truffin, Karine. "Simulation aux grandes échelles et identification acoustique des turbines à gaz en régime partiellement prémélangé." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2005. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7719/1/truffin1.pdf.
Yemene, Tchouata Emerand. "La régulation de l'activité bancaire : contribution à l'étude de la stabilité du système bancaire dans les régions de la CEMAC, de l'UEMOA et de l'UE." Thesis, Paris 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA020023.
Banking regulation should be seen as the act of monitoring and controling banking, by subjecting the compliance with various standards to control risks to preserve the security of depositors , the stability of the financial system and major economic balances. To achieve this, the banking regulation is based mainly on regulation and supervision. Domestic banking systems have become increasingly interdependent, it is necessary to deal with threats in the same way , in a coordinated manner at the international level or at least at the regional level . Thus CEMAC and UEMOA have adopted in the aftermath of the 1990 crisis a control device marked by a plethora of regulations and community oversight bodies . Since the debt crisis in Europe, the regulation of banking has evolved in this region with the creation of the banking union . That said, the supervision of banks has been entrusted to the European Central Bank within the EU although it remains shared with the national authorities.In the course of this work, our task will be to compare the existing control devices in the CEMAC region , UEMOA , EU . We shall review and find how the regions of Central Africa, West Africa and Europe organize banking regulation in order to preserve the stability of their banks. To achieve this goal, a comparison of the various bodies responsible for the regulation and the main regulatory rules that exist in these regions are deemed necessary
Fischer, Gilles. "Variabilité des régions terminales de l'ADN chromosomique linéaire de streptomyces ambofaciens : implications évolutives de l'instabilité génétique." Nancy 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NAN10240.
Natielse, Kouléga Julien. "Le Burkina Faso depuis 1991 : entre stabilite politique et illusionnisme démocratique." Phd thesis, Université Montesquieu - Bordeaux IV, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00957659.
Magne, Pierre. "Contribution à l'étude de la stabilité et à la stabilisation des réseaux DC à récupération d'énergie." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0119.
This thesis is devoted to the analysis of the instability phenomenon that may appear on the DC bus of DC microgrids. Indeed, interaction between the different electrical subsystems of the grid (source, load, filters) can lead, under certain conditions, to the system instability. From the "Constant Power Load" (CPL) hypothesis for the loads, this thesis presents studying methods for "small-signal" and "large-signal" stability analysis of electrical systems. This highlights that a DC microgrid cannot power the loads more than a maximum limit without becoming unstable. This power limitation depends on the structure of the grid, the value of its passive components, and its bus voltage. In order to improve the microgrid stability, stabilization methods are presented in this thesis. They propose to adapt the loads control to ensure the system stability. This is achieved by the addition of a stabilizing signal to the reference of each load. This signal is only visible during the load power transient mode to not change the requested operating point. However, a good trade-off must be found to ensure system stability without affecting the dynamic performance of its loads. Two approaches are investigated to generate the stabilizing commands. The first one is based on the establishment of a centralized stabilization block. Two centralized methods have been developed: the first one is based on the Takagi-Sugeno theory while the second is based on the Lyapunov theory. This latest permits to guide the stabilizing effort on the desired loads. For example, stabilizing effort can be oriented on the energy storage device. The second approach is based on the establishment of a multi-agent stabilizing system. It consists of a decentralized structure in which each agent corresponds to a stabilization block. These will locally compensate the destabilizing impact of their respective load on the microgrid, and their combined actions ensure the system stability. To design the system, the use of a constrained optimization algorithm is proposed. This permits to minimize stabilization efforts while considering faulty events such as the failure of one of the agents or a reconfiguration of the microgrid
Pouyaud, Bernard. "Contribution à l'évaluation de l'évaporation de nappes d'eau libre en climat tropical sec : exemples du lac de Bam et de la mare d'Oursi (Burkina-Faso), du lac Tchad et d'Açudes du Nordeste brésilien." Paris 11, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA112388.
Magne, Pierre. "Contribution à l'étude de la stabilité et à la stabilisation des réseaux DC à récupération d'énergie." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0119/document.
This thesis is devoted to the analysis of the instability phenomenon that may appear on the DC bus of DC microgrids. Indeed, interaction between the different electrical subsystems of the grid (source, load, filters) can lead, under certain conditions, to the system instability. From the "Constant Power Load" (CPL) hypothesis for the loads, this thesis presents studying methods for "small-signal" and "large-signal" stability analysis of electrical systems. This highlights that a DC microgrid cannot power the loads more than a maximum limit without becoming unstable. This power limitation depends on the structure of the grid, the value of its passive components, and its bus voltage. In order to improve the microgrid stability, stabilization methods are presented in this thesis. They propose to adapt the loads control to ensure the system stability. This is achieved by the addition of a stabilizing signal to the reference of each load. This signal is only visible during the load power transient mode to not change the requested operating point. However, a good trade-off must be found to ensure system stability without affecting the dynamic performance of its loads. Two approaches are investigated to generate the stabilizing commands. The first one is based on the establishment of a centralized stabilization block. Two centralized methods have been developed: the first one is based on the Takagi-Sugeno theory while the second is based on the Lyapunov theory. This latest permits to guide the stabilizing effort on the desired loads. For example, stabilizing effort can be oriented on the energy storage device. The second approach is based on the establishment of a multi-agent stabilizing system. It consists of a decentralized structure in which each agent corresponds to a stabilization block. These will locally compensate the destabilizing impact of their respective load on the microgrid, and their combined actions ensure the system stability. To design the system, the use of a constrained optimization algorithm is proposed. This permits to minimize stabilization efforts while considering faulty events such as the failure of one of the agents or a reconfiguration of the microgrid
Samain, Adriane. "Importance du réseau trophique du sol dans la stabilité du fonctionnement des écosystèmes forestiers méditerranéens soumis au changement climatique." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2020. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/200709_SAMAIN_874d384dot728sctlgd405ox_TH.pdf.
This thesis focuses on trophic interactions between soil biota (microorganisms, detritivorous and predators) in three forests from South of France (pine forest, downy and holm oak forests) and how climate change expected in the Mediterranean region (via amplified drought) could affect these relationships. We reported that the soil organisms’ communities were strongly influenced by the litter identity of and by the forest type. Downy oak litter favored the abundance of all soil communities while holm oak forest was unfavorable for many groups of organisms. In a climate change context, experimentally amplified drought alters the soil food web with distinct responses according to trophic group and forest type. These results suggest that within the same Mediterranean region, climate change could differently modify the soil biota with consequences on their contribution to the litter decomposition process
Lawson, Boêvi Denis. "Les identités partagées comme facteur de paix et de stabilité : le cas du Bénin." Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR40019/document.
Classical perspectives on the socio-political trajectory of the African continent are often pessimist. They will mostly remain so for some time to as contemporary history reveals a continent continually riddled with political instability and wracked by civil wars, whilst emerging democracies are subjected to tensions at the onset of elections. This work offers a reflection and an alternative scientific perspective by focusing on Benin. Since its Independence, Benin has not experienced lethal violence or pathological social chaos causing immense destruction and disaster. This thesis addresses and links several issues: a collective memory, relationships to other people, the idea that residents belong to a unity called Benin; the existence of symbols that benefit national consciousness; socialization aimed at achieving a sense of community; and a peace process. Tensions were at low lethality levels were present and still exist but have so far been limited. They characterize the contingent stages of a political society and its political history.Our theoretical approach privileges a general reflection on: the interaction between duality and otherness – there is always on “other” for an “other” – and the issue of peace; here (within a country), and elsewhere (abroad). Identity profiles are never the same across time and space. But beyond various differences, the fact that space promotes the emergence of collectively shared identities possibly contributes to the peace process. During the implementation of the peace process, the idea of Benin becomes stronger than Benin itself; an entity which is, first of all, substantive in nature. The Beninese are not in peace just because they have the same skin colour, the same history or a common language. Three years of field research (2007 – 2010) constituted the most important period of the empirical research that was used to demonstrate this. About a hundred interviews were conducted and focus group discussions were held within communities where the issue of shared identity was a daily problem. This doctoral study is therefore an account of results obtained and proposed analyses
Hassabo, Chaymaa. "La stabilité du régime Moubarak à l'épreuve d'une "situation de succession prolongée" : les limites de la consolidation autoritaire : un état des lieux politique de la période 2002-2010." Thesis, Grenoble, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012GRENH001.
This thesis deals with Mubarak's last years in power, using an approach that is distinct from mainstream political theories that have too frequently qualified the Egyptian regime as stable. The selected period (2002-2010) is particularly relevant for reconsidering the regime's stability. This phase in the evolution of the Mubarak regime was one of multiple transformations and interactions which occurred within the political system, questioning the idea of stability or of “authoritarian consolidation”(Camau, 2005). Through observation of the dynamics initiated by Gamal Mubarak's entry onto the political scene – i.e. the emergence of a prolonged “succession phase” – the main focus of this thesis is to demonstrate how the oppositional scene has evolved, how “liberalisation” has been redefined, and how protests have been carried out. Thus, this thesis aims to highlight the factors that disturbed the stability of the Mubarak regime, and thereby, to test the limits of “authoritarian consolidation” when it is coupled with a succession phase. This research has been fuelled by reflection about certain contradictions between empirical observations made through fieldwork, and the mainstream theories of political science research on Egypt, which have stressed the stability of the Mubarak regime. My approach is differentiated from these theories, as it is based on under-used research orientations, not dominant, frequently-used ones. Thus, the focus of this thesis is not on the regime and its strategies, or the bipolarization of the political arena, between the ruling National Democratic Party and the Muslim Brotherhood, and it does not rely on a framework in which these two political protagonists are treated as the only ones that matter. Instead, emphasis is given to analysis of the role of actors of protest politics, their impact on the transformation of the regime, as well as protest movements' ability to produce “political generations” of young activists positioned outside the spectrum of “stability.” By focusing attention on neglected arenas, such as that of protest, and their protagonists, this thesis highlights the destabilizing factors – as limited as they may be – which appeared during particular events or in the context of regime management of certain situations, between 2002 and 2010. These destabilizing factors, which proved to be a hindrance to the maintenance of regime stability, were observed in connection with the electoral field, but also specifically in the protest field
Meliga, Philippe. "Analyse théorique et contrôle des instationnarités dans un écoulement de culot en régime compressible." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2008. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00004529.
Hidayat, Arif. "Contribution à l'étude de la stabilité de réseaux d'indice inscrits dans des fibres optiques germanosilicates à l'aide d'un laser à ArF ou d'un laser Titane-Saphire fonctionnant en régime femtoseconde." Lille 1, 2001. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2001/50376-2001-107-108.pdf.
Nouri, Ahmed Saïd. "Généralisation du régime glissant et de la commande à structure variable : applications aux actionneurs classiques et à muscles artificiels." Toulouse, INSA, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ISAT0003.
Baina, Samira. "Écoulement entre deux disques : instabilités et transition laminaire turbulent." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INPL133N.
Farkh, Rihem. "COMMANDE PID DES SYSTÈMES À RETARD." Phd thesis, École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Tunis, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00587529.
Dell'Isola, Davide. "Optimization of DC/DC converters for embedded systems including dynamic constraints." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LORR0124.
To keep up with the new emission standards and improve efficiency and autonomy, the transportation sector has moved towards more electric solutions. Then, compactness, weight and efficiency are primary requirements in modern aircrafts or Electric/Hybrid vehicles. The power electronics units in the on-board electrical networks have to be designed accordingly, as it is essential to achieve very compact designs and energy conversion efficiencies very close to the unity. The wide bandgap semiconductor materials are considered as the future technology in the realization of high efficiency switched-mode power supplies. Such materials are featured by fast switching behaviour and low power losses, which allows reducing the size of the passive elements and the cooling unit of the power converter. Considering these criteria, the objective of this study concerns the development of a procedure for the optimal design of a DC/DC boost converter 350V/3kW. The converter has been designed specifically for a powertrain application. In order to ensure the proper interaction with the load (DC/AC inverter and motor) and the micro-grid on-board, the design must take into account the stability and dynamic behaviour of the converter during a possible variation of the operating point, then its control strategy. To deal with the manifold technical solutions and in order to reach the best trade-off, a Pareto front genetic approach is proposed. The developed routine consent to obtain the most convenient design solutions in terms of efficiency and compactness, which ensure the stability and the compliance with the design specification on both steady state and transients modes
Sall, Abdoul Khadry. "Les perspectives de ciblage de l'inflation dans les pays de l'Union Economique et Monétaire Ouest Africaine (UEMOA)." Thesis, Orléans, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ORLE0507/document.
This thesis focuses on evaluating the "Prospects of Inflation Targeting in the WAEMU countries" in the wakeof the new institutional reform followed by the WAMU and the BCEAO. This reform must be accompanied byan explicit operational strategy insofar as its major innovations are very close to a policy of inflation targeting.Accordingly, we assess the impact of monetary policy of the BCEAO that focused on fixed exchange ratesince independence. In this respect, we manifest the inability of the fixed exchange rate policy to anchorinflation expectations in the WAEMU countries and the potential contribution regarding the announcement oftarget in controlling inflation (Chapter 1). In addition, we demonstrate, on the one hand, that the fixedexchange rate policy was not the cause of inflation contained in the WAEMU, and on the other, it providespoor results in terms of high and sustained economic growth (Chapter 2). Consequently, we recommend aframework of combination of an intermediate exchange rate regime and an inflation targeting strategy forWAEMU countries. Hence, an inflation target has been determined and it appears to be different from onecountry to another, against the 2% target announced by the Monetary Policy Committee of the BCEAO(Chapter 3). Finally, we define the inflation targeting rule, and show that the best optimal rule that monetaryauthorities adopt in an inflation targeting framework should ideally, reconciles nominal anchor and economicregulation (Chapter 4)
Al-Dosari, Sultan. "Le Conseil de Coopération des États arabes du Golfe (CCG) : face aux mutations internes et externes." Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01D067.
The Gulf cooperation council (GCC) facing up the changes internal and external is the title of our research that examines the evolution of relation between GCC Member States and the outcomes of their development on the empowerment of their institutions, in the perspective of insuring political, social, economic and security stability for the populations of this geographical unit of the Middle East. The main objective of this research is to treat the circumstances of its creation, the projects realized, and the difficulties encountered. Therefore,it is a global vision, a legal, political and economic approach, and also a comparative study with other regional organizations. We also examine the ability of GCC defensive forces to absorb external attacks. We tackle the issues that stir this unit rather homogeneous composed of six monarchical regimes yet has not managed to reach a common vision to resolve the litigations that weaken it and risk to make it vanish
Fakher, El Abiari Salah Eddine. "Modélisation des régimes d'écoulements instationnaires rencontrés en turbomachine axiale." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ECDL0007.
Salesse, Kevin. "Archéo-biogéochimie isotopique, reconstitutions des régimes alimentaires et des schémas de mobilité, et interactions bioculturelles. Les sépultures plurielles de la catacombe des Saints Pierre-et-Marcellin (Rome, Ier-IIIe s. ap. J.-C.) : Les sépultures plurielles de la région X de la catacombe des Saints Pierre-et-Marcellin (Rome, Ier-IIIe s. ap. J.-C.)." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0412/document.
An assembly of unpublished complex plural burials (1st-3rd cent. AD.) was discovered and partially excavated, between 2003 and 2010 in the central region called X of the catacomb of Saints Peter and Marcellinus in Rome. It contains several hundred individuals which were buried according to uncommon funeral practices following a mortality episode of likely epidemic nature. To understand the life history (diet and mobility patterns) of these deceased and to discuss again certain assumptions previously established on the basis of new evidences, we have as part of this work conducted an archaeo-biogeochemical multi-proxy (14C, δ13C, δ15N, δ18O et 87Sr/86Sr) and multi-tissue (enamel, bones, hair) approach on a sub-sample of 130 individuals coming from six different chambers. At the outset, we tested the biochemical and isotopic integrity of mineral (carbonate phases) and organic fractions (collagen and keratin phases) samples from conventional indicators measured in routine (%Col, %C, %N, C/N, PCO2 et PCO2/Mass), by FTIR spectroscopy (IRSF, CO3/PO4 and AmideI/PO4) and by an innovative approach consisting of 14C dating on collagen-apatite to validate the isotopic signal of mineral fractions. Our results highlight extreme differences of preservation of all phases. Diagenetic trajectory of samples is however not random but dependent on environmental and taphonomical conditions which differ between small and large chambers. Furthermore, we have been able to demonstrate that, despite strong recrystallization and isotopic exchanges with the sepulchral environment, carbonated phases have an unaltered biogenic isotopic signal. Secondly, we rebuilt the diets of individuals based on robust comparisons repositories and various interpretative models (mono-proxy versus multi-proxies; qualitative versus quantitative) which were, in some cases, adapted to the needs of our study. In general, our results show that most of the individuals had access to such a type diet based on the triad Cereals C3/Meat C3/Marine fish. This type diet would however not be exclusive, some individuals (n = 13) would have indeed occasionally consumed other resources such as freshwater fish or C4 cereals. Our results indicate that changes of diet during the life history are relatively limited. Besides, with regard to consumed food, this population is distinguished from other contemporary Roman populations for whom isotopic values are published. In the third place, we studied individual’s mobility patterns based on a rigorous approach to our data and on a comparison of the most comprehensive repositories as possible with taking into account the bias usually evaded (cultural facts, influence of climate and errors associated with conversion equations). Our results highlight that a minimum of 23% (n = 30) of the studied individuals are migrants. These, however, are not distinguished from Roman residents through their diet. We were able to show further that these migrants had complex and heterogeneous trajectories during their life within three distinct mobility patterns characterizing them. In terms of migrant’s rates, our population does not differ from other Roman populations for which the isotopic data are available. It differs however by its cosmopolitanism with origins for more diverse migrants: Europe, Africa, Arabia and Asia Minor [...]
Tra il 2003 e il 2010, nella regione centrale chiamata X della catacomba dei Santi Pietro e Marcellino a Roma, è stato scoperto e parzialmente scavato un insieme di sepolture plurime inedite (I-III sec. D.C.) contenente diverse centinaia di individui, i quali sono stati inumati secondo le pratiche funerarie singolari in seguito ad un episodio di sovramortalità di natura probabilmente epidemica. Per comprendere la storia di vita (alimentazione e mobilità) di questi defunti e ridiscutere, sulla base di nuovi elementi, alcune ipotesi precedentemente formulate, abbiamo condotto, nel quadro di questo lavoro, un approccio archeo-biogeochimico multi-proxys (14C, δ13C, δ15N, δ18O e 87Sr/86Sr) e multi-tessuto (smalto, ossa, capelli) su un campione di 130 individui da sei stanze diverse. Abbiamo inizialmente verificato l'integrità biochimica e isotopica delle frazioni minerali (fasi carbonatiche) ed organiche (fasi collageniche e cheratiniche) dei campioni provenienti da indicatori classici misurati in routine (%Col, %C, %N, C/N, PCO2 e PCO2/Massa) e per spettroscopia FTIR (IRSF, CO3/PO4 e AmmideI/PO4) ed un approccio innovativo costituito da datazione 14C su coppie collagene-apatite per validare il segnale isotopico delle frazioni minerali. I nostri risultati mettono in evidenza delle differenze estreme di preservazione di tutte le fasi. La traiettoria diagenetica dei campioni non è però aleatoria, ma dipendente dalle condizioni ambientali e tafonomiche che differiscono tra camere piccole e grandi. Inoltre, abbiamo potuto dimostrare che nonostante delle forti ricristallizzazioni e degli scambi isotopici con l'ambiente sepolcrale, le fasi carbonatiche hanno un segnale isotopico biogenetico inalterato. Abbiamo in un secondo tempo ricostruito i regimi alimentari degli individui basandoci su riferimenti di confronto robusti e vari modelli interpretativi (mono-proxys versus multi-proxys, qualitativi versus quantitativi), i quali sono stati in alcuni casi, adattati alle esigenze del nostro studio. In generale, i nostri risultati mostrano che la maggior parte degli individui ha avuto accesso ad un regime alimentare tipo basato sulla triade Cereali C3/Carne C3/Pesci marini. Questo regime alimentare non è tuttavia esclusivo, avendo certi individui (n = 13) consumato casualmente altre categorie di risorse come il pesce dulciacquicolo o dei cereali C4. I nostri risultati indicano che i cambiamenti di alimentazione nel corso della vita sono relativamente limitati. Inoltre, questa popolazione si distingue da un piano strettamente alimentare rispetto alle altre popolazioni contemporanee romane per le quali dei valori isotopici sono pubblicati. Abbiamo in un terzo tempo studiato gli schemi di mobilità degli individui basandoci su un approccio rigoroso dei nostri dati e su riferimenti di confronto i più esaustivi possibile, e anche tenendo conto di punti di vista solitamente elusi (fatti culturali, influenza del clima e errori associati alle equazioni di conversione). I nostri risultati mettono in luce che a minima 23% (n = 30) degli individui studiati sono migranti. Questi ultimi, tuttavia, non si distinguono per la loro alimentazione dai residenti romani. Abbiamo potuto mostrare, inoltre, che questi migranti hanno avuto percorsi di vita complessi ed eterogenei e che tre schemi di mobilità distinti li caratterizzano. Nostra popolazione non si differenzia in termini di tasso di migranti da altre popolazioni romane per le quali sono disponibili dei dati isotopici. Essa si distingue tuttavia per il suo cosmopolitismo con delle origini per i migranti delle più diverse: Europa, Africa, Arabia e Asia Minore [...]
Chaintreau, Augustin. "Processus d'interaction dans les réseaux de données." Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066601.
Berthoz, Nicolas. "Modélisation physique et théorique du creusement pressurisé des tunnels en terrains meubles homogènes et stratifiés." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00786231.
Sall, Abdoul Khadry. "Les perspectives de ciblage de l'inflation dans les pays de l'Union Economique et Monétaire Ouest Africaine (UEMOA)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Orléans, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ORLE0507.
This thesis focuses on evaluating the "Prospects of Inflation Targeting in the WAEMU countries" in the wakeof the new institutional reform followed by the WAMU and the BCEAO. This reform must be accompanied byan explicit operational strategy insofar as its major innovations are very close to a policy of inflation targeting.Accordingly, we assess the impact of monetary policy of the BCEAO that focused on fixed exchange ratesince independence. In this respect, we manifest the inability of the fixed exchange rate policy to anchorinflation expectations in the WAEMU countries and the potential contribution regarding the announcement oftarget in controlling inflation (Chapter 1). In addition, we demonstrate, on the one hand, that the fixedexchange rate policy was not the cause of inflation contained in the WAEMU, and on the other, it providespoor results in terms of high and sustained economic growth (Chapter 2). Consequently, we recommend aframework of combination of an intermediate exchange rate regime and an inflation targeting strategy forWAEMU countries. Hence, an inflation target has been determined and it appears to be different from onecountry to another, against the 2% target announced by the Monetary Policy Committee of the BCEAO(Chapter 3). Finally, we define the inflation targeting rule, and show that the best optimal rule that monetaryauthorities adopt in an inflation targeting framework should ideally, reconciles nominal anchor and economicregulation (Chapter 4)
Gagnon, Frédéric. "Mécanismes modulant la stabilité de l’ARNm alphaENaC des cellules épithéliales alvéolaires dans un environnement inflammatoire." Thèse, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/21610.
Migneault, Francis. "Modulation de la stabilité de l'ARNm alphaENaC dans les cellules épithéliales alvéolaires : détermination du rôle des séquences 3' non traduites." Thèse, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/12099.
The epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) expressed in alveolar epithelial cells plays a major role for lung liquid clearance at birth and lung edema resorption in adulthood. The expression and activity of ENaC are inhibited by many pathophysiological stress that could have an impact in the clinical outcome of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Pulmonary inflammation is an important factor in this inhibition that may promote or sustain pulmonary edema. We have previously shown that pro-inflammatory cytokines and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Pseudomonas aeruginosa inhibit αENaC mRNA expression by transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms, suggesting that a modulation of αENaC mRNA stability could play a role in this process. The main objective of the present work was to characterize how different pathophysiological stress affect αENaC mRNA expression in alveolar epithelial cells and determine whether this modulation could be explained in part by regulating the stability of the transcript. Our study shows that LPS and cycloheximide decrease the level of αENaC mRNA with a similar time course and via the activation of the MAPK ERK1/2 and p38 signaling pathways. Despite similarities, there were important differences in the mechanisms involved in the modulation of αENaC mRNA expression. While LPS repress αENaC mRNA transcription, cycloheximide triggers post-transcriptional mechanisms involving the 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) of αENaC mRNA. To further study the role of αENaC 3'UTR in this process, we developed a Tet-Off model that allows us to measure the half-life of αENaC mRNA regardless of the use of a transcription inhibitor such as actinomycin D (Act. D). Using this system, we showed a 100 min half-life for αENaC mRNA, a much shorter time then the one reported for this mRNA using Act. D. We showed that Act. D has an important stabilizing effect on αENaC mRNA and cannot be used to assess the stability of the transcript. Using deletion mutants of the αENaC 3'UTR region, we determined how different portions of 3'UTR were important in modulating stability of the transcript. We found that the 3'UTR has dual functions, with portions important to promote stabilization (proximal 3'UTR) and others that strongly destabilize (distal 3'UTR) the transcript. Our system also allowed us to confirm that the decreased expression of αENaC mRNA induced by TNF-α results in part by a decreased stability of the mRNA. Finally, we identified several RNA-binding proteins that interact specifically with αENaC 3'UTR and determined if these proteins had an impact on transcript stability. Surexpression of two of these proteins in alveolar epithelial cells, DHX36 and TIAL1 was able to decrease the level of αENaC mRNA via a downregulation of mRNA stability. The work presented here shows the complexity of the signal transduction pathways elicited by different pathological stress conditions in alveolar epithelial cells and is the first to show that αENaC mRNA stability elicited by sequences in 3’UTR plays an important role in modulating the level of the transcript. The Tet-Off model that we developed allows to accurately estimate the half-life of αENaC mRNA and shows that the 3’UTR portion of the mRNA plays a complex role in the modulation of transcript stability in basal and pro-inflammatory conditions. Finally, we identified two putative RNA-binding proteins able to specifically recognize αENaC 3’UTR and modulate the transcript stability.