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Academic literature on the topic 'Région de Photodissociation'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Région de Photodissociation"
Champion, Jason. "Photoevaporation des disques protoplanétaires par les photons UV d’étoiles massives proches : observation de proplyds et modélisation." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30392/document.
Full textProtoplanetary disks are found around young stars, and represent the embryonic stage of planetary systems. At different phases of their evolution, disks may undergo substantial mass-loss by photoevaporation: energetic photons from the central or a nearby star heat the disk, hence particles can escape the gravitational potential and the disk loses mass. However, this mechanism, and the underlying physics regulating photoevaporation, have not been well constrained by observations so far. The aims of this thesis are to study photoevaporation, in the specific case when it is driven by far-UV photons, to identify the main physical parameters (density, temperature) and processes (gas heating and cooling mechanisms) that are involved, and to estimate its impact on the disk dynamical evolution. The study relies on coupling observations and models of disks being photoevaporated by UV photons coming from neighbouring massive star(s). Those objects, also known as "proplyds", appear as disks surrounded by a large cometary shaped envelope fed by the photoevaporation flows. Using a 1D code of the photodissociation region, I developed a model for the far-IR emission of proplyds. This model was used to interpret observations, mainly obtained with the Herschel Space Observatory, of four proplyds. We found similar physical conditions at their disk surface: a density of the order of 10 6 cm and a temperature about 1000 K. We found that this temperature is maintained by a dynamical equilibrium: if the disk surface cools, its mass-loss rate declines and the surrounding envelope is reduced. Consequently, the attenuation of the UV radiation field by the envelope decreases and the disk surface, receiving more UV photons, heats up. Most of the disk is thus able to escape through photoevaporation flows leading to mass-loss rates of the order of 10 -7 solar mass per year or more, in good agreement with earlier spectroscopic observations of ionised gas tracers. Following this work, I developed a 1D hydrodynamical code to study the dynamical evolution of an externally illuminated protoplanetary disk. [...]
Zannese, Marion. "Haute excitation de molécules dans les régions irradiées de formation stellaire et planétaire observées par le James Webb Space Telescope." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASP082.
Full textRadiative feedback from massive stars, which heats and disperses the gas in the surrounding cloud, is a dominant mechanism limiting stellar and planetary formation. Indeed, observations show that only 1-5% of the mass of molecular clouds is converted into stars. In this thesis, I focused on the neutral, warm and irradiated regions between ionized and cold molecular media. In particular, I investigated how the excitation at the formation of certain molecules (OH, CH+ and CH3+) enabled simple and robust diagnostics to constrain the physical and chemical parameters of these regions. To do this, I coupled detailed gas modeling, using quantum dynamics data, with analysis of observations from the James Webb Space Telescope. The spectral coverage, high sensitivity and angular resolution of the JWST give unprecedented access to the chemistry and microphysics of the small-scale substructures of photodissociation regions (PDR) and the warm regions of protoplanetary disks (inner region or photoevaporated wind). My thesis is part of the analysis of data from the PDRs4All program observing the Orion Bar and protoplanetary disks in the line of sight (in particular d203-506).In preparation for the observations, I first concentrated on predicting what the JWST might detect. I studied the prompt emission of rotationally excited OH produced by the photodissociation of water. To this end, I used the Meudon PDR code, which self-consistently calculates the radiative transfer, the chemistry and the heat balance in PDRs. By implementing prompt emission in this code, we then show that only sufficiently dense and warm environments allow OH excitation at formation. The second part of my thesis presents the analysis of spectra obtained with the JWST. The signatures of highly excited molecules at formation observed in these data and analyzed with single-zone excitation models, based on quantum dynamics data, have revealed a particularly active chemistry in warm, irradiated regions. In the Orion Bar and d203-506, we reveal the detection of OH, CH+ and CH3+ as well as their excitation at formation, allowing us to constrain the chemistry in action. Indeed, OH rotational emission, previously modeled and detected in the mid-infrared, reveals the photodissociation of water. The near-infrared emission of OH and CH+ traces the formation and excitation of these species by chemical pumping via reactions with H2: X + H2 → XH* + H. These emission lines reveal a very active water formation and destruction cycle in d203-506 (O <=> OH <=> H2O), as well as the beginning of the carbon chemistry chain (C+ → CH+ → CH2+ → CH3+) in the PDR and disk. Excitation models have enabled us to identify the observed excitation processes and translate the measured line intensities into formation and destruction rates of these species. They also enable us to constrain the physical conditions of the medium, and can be used to determine locally, from the intensity of the observed lines, the intensity of the UV field (for the photodissociation of water) or the density of the gas (for prompt emission), which are essential ingredients determining the initial conditions of stellar and planetary formation. These new diagnostics will be key to the analysis of many JWST observations, since these processes are expected to be detected in a multitude of astrophysical objects with warm, irradiated regions (protostars, outflow, planetary nebulae, etc.)
González, García Manuel. "Pompage infra-rouge de raies moléculaires dans les régions de photodissociation." Paris 11, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA112274.
Full textAstrochemistry is one branch of astrophysics who studies chemical reactions in the Universe. Low densities and temperatures in this medium make possible reactions that only occur in space. Submillimetric lines help us to learn about physical and chemical conditions of the places where they are generated. Nowadays two missions which will look for this kind of transitions are being preparated: Herschel (launched on May, 14th 2009) and ALMA (completely operational in 2014). So we need models to preparate and interpretate observations. Meudon PDR code is a code which exists since twenty years ago. It describes an interstellar cloud at 1D at the stationnary state, calculating thermal balance, population balance, radiative transfer and chemistry. The goal of this thesis is to make the Meudon PDR code able to describe Herschel and ALMA data. To do so we have started from the ancien version of the code (the 2006 one), where radiative transfer in the lines was calculated in an approximate way, and the grain model was quite ugly. We have used DUSTEM code , which permits us to choose the grain size distribution and the grain composition, and we have coupled it to the Meudon PDR code. We have recalculated the grain temperature distribution and the emissivity of dust at every wavelength. Afterwards we have integrated these emissivities in the continuum transfer in PDR, so we can calculate infrared intensity at every point. Finally we have improved line transfer with the help of exact computation of the infrared pum! ping term. All these modifications allow us to determinate in a performant way the excitation of all the species included in Meudon PDR code. We have studied two astrophysical objects: S140 and M~82. In the case of S140 our modifications have permitted us to determinate the specific intensities of the more important transitions of water molecule. We have also been able to predict that the continuum radiation of dust is absorbed in part by the water molecule, so this effect has to be taken into account if we want to correctly model the specific intensity of a transition, because otherwise we could be missing a very important par of the signal. This effect is not important for lines with strong optical dephts, but those lines are the most easily detectables by the futur instruments as Herschel. The models of M~82 that we have done had permitted us to see that if we want fit properly the column densities of HCO^{+} and HOC^{+} we need a combination of small and large clouds. Observations fournished by ALMA will be caracterised by a high angular resolution, which will permit us to validate this hypothese. In both cases our modifications help us to describe these objects with precision, and they let us to deduce some important physical properties of the observed objects. We propose a freeware instrument to prepare and interpretate future observations made with Herschel and ALMA
Montillaud, Julien. "Évolution physico-chimique des hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques dans les régions de photodissociation." Phd thesis, Toulouse 3, 2011. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1541/.
Full textPolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) play a major role in the physics and chemistry of photodissociation regions (PDRs) in our galaxy. In these environments, the physical conditions and in particular the UV radiation field drive the evolution of PAHs. It was proposed that very small dust grains are also related to this evolution. We propose here an investigation of these evolution scenarios by combining chemical and physical studies with astrophysical studies of these species in PDRs. In this work, I present my contribution to the development of PDR modeling tools, and their application to the analysis of data obtained with the Spitzer infrared space telescope and the Herschel space observatory. New constraints are provided concerning the morphology and energetics of the reflection nebula NGC 7023. The need for a good description of PAH evolution in PDR models is emphasized. In addition, I developed a model dedicated to the study of the charge and hydrogenation states of PAHs in PDRs. It was applied to three PAHs of different sizes and showed that species containing up to 54 carbon atoms quickly loose their hydrogen atoms to form pure carbon clusters. I conclude that theoretical and experimental studies are needed to quantify the reactivity of neutral PAHs with hydrogen, the recombination of PAH cations with electrons and the dissociation of superhydrogenated species. The last part of this work is dedicated to the study of evaporating very small carbonaceous grains (eVSGs) observed in PDRs. A fitting tool for the analysis of PAH and eVSG emissions in the mid-infrared spectral domain is presented and used to connect the evaporation of eVSGs and the local UV radiation field in several PDRs. Considering PAH clusters as models for eVSGs, I computed their evaporation properties using theoretical methods based on statistical physics. I used these properties to model their evolution in astrophysical environments and showed that the properties of PAH clusters are consistent with the observational constraints. Guidelines are proposed for a simpler modeling of these species in the perspective of their inclusion in PDR models. Thanks to the Herschel observatory and to the future facilities like the JWST and SPICA space missions or the ALMA interferometer, data with unprecedented sensitivity and spatial resolution will provide new observational constraints. Their analysis will require to further understand the physical and chemical evolution of PAH species
Montillaud, Julien. "Évolution physico-chimique des hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques dans les régions de photodissociation." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00697363.
Full textFossé, David. "Les hydrocarbures dans le milieu interstellaire : des nuages sombres aux régions de photodissociation." Paris 6, 2003. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00003543v2.
Full textCompiègne, Mathieu. "Etude de l'évolution des poussières interstellaires dans les régions dominées par le rayonnement." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00159882.
Full textArab, Heddy. "Evolution des poussières interstellaires : apport des données de l'observatoire spatial Herschel." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00829096.
Full textPilleri, Paolo. "Impact de l'évolution des hydrocarbures aromatiques polycyliques sur la physique et la chimie des régions des photodissociation : une étude dans l'infrarouge et le millimétrique." Toulouse 3, 2010. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1079/.
Full textPolycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a major constituent of interstellar matter, containing about 20% of the total carbon in our Galaxy. PAHs are known to play a major role in the chemistry and the physics of photo-dissociation regions (PDRs). In these environments, the evolution of PAHs is driven by the UV field and it has been proposed to be linked to that of very small dust particles and small molecular hydrocarbons. In this work, we provide further insights into these evolutionary scenarios by combining the analysis of infrared (IR) data from ISO, Spitzer and AKARI space telescopes with new observations in the far-IR and sub-mm domains obtained with Herschel as well as in the millimeter domain using the IRAM ground-based telescopes. We have developed a new analysis method for the mid-IR spectro-imagery observations that allows to study the photo-processing of evaporating Very Small Grains (eVSGs) in PDRs. This procedure provides an estimate of the fraction of carbon locked in eVSGs compared to all atoms in the AIB carriers. This quantity is found to be related to the UV radiation field and can therefore be used as a tracer of its intensity in both resolved and unresolved sources. The obtained results are also consistent with a scenario in which eVSGs are destroyed by the UV field, giving birth to free PAHs. The results of the mid-IR analysis are compared with near-IR and millimeter observations, showing that the destruction process of eVSGs may be a source of production of small hydrocarbons. An accurate modelling of hydrocarbon chemistry in PDRs is needed to quantitatively test this scenario. We used the IRAM 30m telescope to search for the specific rotational signatures of an individual PAH, corannulene, in the millimeter spectrum of the Red Rectangle nebula. The comparison of the derived upper limit for detection with models allows to constrain the maximum abundance of small PAHs in this source. This provides evidence that these small species are under-abundant in the envelopes of evolved carbon stars and constrains the formation mechanisms of PAHs in these environments. The results of the mid-IR analysis are combined with observations of several gas species in the far-IR and sub-millimeter with Herschel and in the millimeter with IRAM to study the geometry, energetics, and dynamics of the PDRs in the reflection nebula NGC~7023. Further progresses on this topics await for more Herschel data but also for the forthcoming JWST and SPICA space missions and the ALMA interferometer
Fossé, David. "LES HYDROCARBURES DANS LE MILIEU INTERSTELLAIRE : DES NUAGES SOMBRES AUX REGIONS DE PHOTODISSOCIATION." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00003543.
Full textBook chapters on the topic "Région de Photodissociation"
"Chapitre 10. Les régions de photodissociation." In Le milieu interstellaire, 259–76. EDP Sciences, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/978-2-7598-0280-7.c011.
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