Journal articles on the topic 'Regime'
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MÜLLER, HARALD. "Regime Robustness, Regime Attractivity and Arms Control Regimes in Europe." Cooperation and Conflict 30, no. 3 (September 1995): 287–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0010836795030003004.
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Brunner, Manuela I., Lieke A. Melsen, Andrew J. Newman, Andrew W. Wood, and Martyn P. Clark. "Future streamflow regime changes in the United States: assessment using functional classification." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 24, no. 8 (August 11, 2020): 3951–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-3951-2020.
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Abstract. Streamflow regimes are changing and expected to further change under the influence of climate change, with potential impacts on flow variability and the seasonality of extremes. However, not all types of regimes are going to change in the same way. Climate change impact assessments can therefore benefit from identifying classes of catchments with similar streamflow regimes. Traditional catchment classification approaches have focused on specific meteorological and/or streamflow indices, usually neglecting the temporal information stored in the data. The aim of this study is 2-fold: (1) develop a catchment classification scheme that enables incorporation of such temporal information and (2) use the scheme to evaluate changes in future flow regimes. We use the developed classification scheme, which relies on a functional data representation, to cluster a large set of catchments in the conterminous United States (CONUS) according to their mean annual hydrographs. We identify five regime classes that summarize the behavior of catchments in the CONUS: (1) intermittent regime, (2) weak winter regime, (3) strong winter regime, (4) New Year's regime, and (5) melt regime. Our results show that these spatially contiguous classes are not only similar in terms of their regimes, but also their flood and drought behavior as well as their physiographical and meteorological characteristics. We therefore deem the functional regime classes valuable for a number of applications going beyond change assessments, including model validation studies or predictions of streamflow characteristics in ungauged basins. To assess future regime changes, we use simulated discharge time series obtained from the Variable Infiltration Capacity hydrologic model driven with meteorological time series generated by five general circulation models. A comparison of the future regime classes derived from these simulations with current classes shows that robust regime changes are expected only for currently melt-influenced regions in the Rocky Mountains. These changes in mountainous, upstream regions may require adaption of water management strategies to ensure sufficient water supply in dependent downstream regions. Highlights. Functional data clustering enables formation of clusters of catchments with similar hydrological regimes and a similar drought and flood behavior. We identify five streamflow regime clusters: (1) intermittent regime, (2) weak winter regime, (3) strong winter regime, (4) New Year's regime, and (5) melt regime. Future regime changes are most pronounced for currently melt-dominated regimes in the Rocky Mountains. Functional regime clusters have widespread utility for predictions in ungauged basins and hydroclimate analyses.
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Szűcs, Zoltán Gábor. "Aristotle’s realist regime theory." European Journal of Political Theory 19, no. 2 (October 23, 2018): 228–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1474885118806087.
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The ambition of this article is threefold. First, it is to offer a realist reading of Aristotle’s regime theory as it is laid out mostly in Books IV–VI of his Politics. The author argues that Aristotle’s regime theory has three fundamentally realist claims about the workings of politics: first, the search for a perfect regime is not the only legitimate subject of political theory; second, every regime is built on a delicate balance of a particular understanding of political justice, a variety of sociological factors and the institutional design and political virtues of its politicians; third, there are almost as many different regimes as polities, and although they can be grouped into major regime types, there are many sub-types and mixed and transitory regimes. Second, the article argues that modern democratic theories have an unacceptable ‘moralistic bias’ from a realist point of view. Third, that a neo-Aristotelian regime theory can offer an attractive realist alternative to the predominant contemporary understandings of political regimes.
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Wilson, Donna, David M. Hannah, and Glenn R. McGregor. "A large-scale hydroclimatological perspective on western European river flow regimes." Hydrology Research 44, no. 5 (November 9, 2012): 809–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/nh.2012.201.
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A novel flow regime classification scheme was applied to 141 river basins across western Europe, providing more robust analysis of space–time variability in regimes and their driving hydroclimatological processes. Regime shape (timing) and magnitude (size) were classified to regionalise long-term average flow regimes and to quantify year-to-year variation in regimes for each basin. Six long-term regime shape regions identified differences in seasonality related to latitude and altitude. Five long-term magnitude regions were linked to location plus average annual rainfall. Spatial distribution of long-term regimes reflected dominant climate and runoff generation processes. Regions were used to structure analysis of (relative) inter-annual regime dynamics. Six shape and five magnitude inter-annual regimes were identified; and regime stability (switching) assessed at pan-European, regional and basin scales. In some years, certain regime types were more prevalent, but never totally dominant. Regime shape was more stable at higher altitude due to buffering by frozen water storage-release (cf. more variable rainfall-runoff at lower altitudes). The lower inter-annual magnitude regimes persisted across larger domains (cf. higher magnitude) due to the more widespread climatic conditions generating low flow. Notably, there was limited spatio-temporal correspondence between regime shape and magnitude, suggesting variations in one attribute cannot be used to infer the other.
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Cai, Ning, and Wei Zhang. "Regime Classification and Stock Loan Valuation." Operations Research 68, no. 4 (July 2020): 965–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/opre.2019.1934.
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For traditional perpetual American put options under regime-switching models with positive risk-free interest rates, optimal stopping usually can occur in any regime. Nonetheless, if the risk-free interest rates are allowed to equal zero (the interest rate may drop to zero sometimes in reality), there may exist “continuation regimes” within which optimal stopping can never occur, that is, within which stopping is never optimal. A natural problem is “regime classification,” that is, determination of all continuation regimes. In “Regime Classification and Stock Loan Valuation,” Ning Cai and Wei Zhang develop a unified, fixed point approach to solving this regime classification problem under general regime-switching exponential Levy models with any finite numbers of regimes and general Levy types. Applying this result, they also provide a unified framework for the valuation of infinite maturity stock loans under general regime-switching exponential Levy models.
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Stawski, Theresa Paola. "The state-regime-nexus: law and legal order." Zeitschrift für Vergleichende Politikwissenschaft 15, no. 3 (October 2021): 357–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12286-021-00508-2.
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AbstractThe aim of this paper is to illuminate the interdependent relation and connectivity between state and regime known as the state-regime-nexus. To conceptualize the reciprocal institutional relation between state and regime and to deepen the understanding of the state-regime-nexus, I focus on law and legal order as one mutual linkage between state and regime in both democratic and autocratic regimes. To do so, this conceptual paper addresses two points that are part of the same topic: the relation between state, regime and law and different variants of legal order in democratic and autocratic regimes. This creates a theoretical basis to gain more conceptual and analytical clarity in the complex realm of the state-regime-nexus.
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Sun, Jielun, Larry Mahrt, Robert M. Banta, and Yelena L. Pichugina. "Turbulence Regimes and Turbulence Intermittency in the Stable Boundary Layer during CASES-99." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 69, no. 1 (January 1, 2012): 338–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-11-082.1.
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Abstract An investigation of nocturnal intermittent turbulence during the Cooperative Atmosphere–Surface Exchange Study in 1999 (CASES-99) revealed three turbulence regimes at each observation height: 1) regime 1, a weak turbulence regime when the wind speed is less than a threshold value; 2) regime 2, a strong turbulence regime when the wind speed exceeds the threshold value; and 3) regime 3, a moderate turbulence regime when top-down turbulence sporadically bursts into the otherwise weak turbulence regime. For regime 1, the strength of small turbulence eddies is correlated with local shear and weakly related to local stratification. For regime 2, the turbulence strength increases systematically with wind speed as a result of turbulence generation by the bulk shear, which scales with the observation height. The threshold wind speed marks the transition above which the boundary layer approaches near-neutral conditions, where the turbulent mixing substantially reduces the stratification and temperature fluctuations. The preference of the turbulence regimes during CASES-99 is closely related to the existence and the strength of low-level jets. Because of the different roles of the bulk and local shear with regard to turbulence generation under different wind conditions, the relationship between turbulence strength and the local gradient Richardson number varies for the different turbulence regimes. Turbulence intermittency at any observation height was categorized in three ways: turbulence magnitude oscillations between regimes 1 and 2 as wind speed varies back and forth across its threshold value, episodic turbulence enhancements within regime 1 as a result of local instability, and downbursts of turbulence in regime 3.
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Ershova, I. V., and A. Yu Petrakov. "The High Alert Regime in the System of Legal Regimes Used for the Implementation of Business Activities." Lex Russica, no. 9 (September 18, 2020): 9–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/1729-5920.2020.166.9.009-020.
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The paper is devoted to the phenomenon of the legal regime investigated through the prism of business law. The authors give a brief description of the main legal regimes. They examine the concept, types, content, features and discuss the legal regimes’ classification using various grounds.In particular, they supplement the list of special legal regime features with not only possible specificity of an industry or field of entrepreneurship, but also with activities of certain categories of subjects. Following the traditional classification of legal regimes into general, special and specific, the authors determine the place of legal regimes that have appeared recently, namely: the high alert regime, preferential legal regime, and experimental legal regime — in the system of legal regimes for implementation of business activities. The authors describe the preferential legal regime as the specific legal regime, and, with regard to the experimental legal regime, they highlight that it tends to a specific legal regime, although it may claim to stand alone in a system of different legal regimes.The analysis of the high alert legal regime can lead to classifying it as a special legal regime, as well as to highlighting its distinctive features. Taking into account the spread of a new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) in Russia, a separate emphasis in the paper is placed on the measures of state support taken in order to restore the economy after a nearly three-month stoppage. The authors highlight key measures of state support for business and underline that, despite the temporary nature of the majority of support measures, some of them have been introduced without determining the period during which measures under consideration will remain in force.The paper provides links to numerous useful Internet resources, referring to which one can obtain comprehensive information on measures of state support approved and adopted during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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MacDonald, Joanne E., and John N. Owens. "Morphology, Physiology, Survival, and Field Performance of Containerized Coastal Douglas Fir Seedlings Given Different Dormancy-induction Regimes." HortScience 41, no. 6 (October 2006): 1416–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.41.6.1416.
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The effects of different dormancy-induction regimes on first-year containerized coastal Douglas fir [Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco var. menziesii] seedling morphology and physiology in the nursery, as well as seedling survival and performance after one growing season in a common garden, were investigated. In early July, three dormancy-induction regimes were applied: moderate moisture stress (MS), short day (SD), and short day with moderate moisture stress (SD+MS). In early October, seedling height, root collar diameter, and shoot dry weight were unaffected by regime, but root dry weight was reduced in seedlings from the MS and SD+MS regimes compared with the SD regime. At this time, morphogenesis was completed in all terminal buds of seedlings from both SD regimes, whereas it continued in all terminal buds of seedlings from the MS regime. Furthermore, 25% to 88% of terminal buds from the SD regimes were endodormant, but none from the MS regime were endodormant. In March, budbreak occurred at the same time in seedlings from the two SD regimes and was earlier than in seedlings from the MS regime; root growth capacity was unaffected by regime. After one growing season, there were no regime differences in seedling survival, root collar diameter, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, length of the current-year leader, or number of needles on the leader.
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Jakob, Christian, and Courtney Schumacher. "Precipitation and Latent Heating Characteristics of the Major Tropical Western Pacific Cloud Regimes." Journal of Climate 21, no. 17 (September 1, 2008): 4348–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2008jcli2122.1.
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Abstract An objective tropical cloud regime classification based on daytime averaged cloud-top pressure and optical thickness information from the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) is combined with precipitation and latent heating characteristics derived using the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Precipitation Radar (PR). TRMM precipitation information is stratified into the ISCCP regimes in the tropical western Pacific (TWP), revealing the following three major precipitation regimes: a heavy (12 mm day−1) precipitation regime dominated by stratiform precipitation and top-heavy latent heating; a regime with moderate (5 mm day−1) precipitation amounts, mostly convective in nature with more midlevel latent heating; and a low (2 mm day−1) precipitation regime with a relatively large rain contribution from shallow convection, compared to the other regimes. Although three of the ISCCP cloud regimes are linked to the more convective, moderate precipitation regime, only one of the cloud regimes is associated with the more stratiform, top-heavy latent heating regime, making the ISCCP regimes a potentially useful tool for the further study of this dynamically important tropical weather state. Similarly, only one cloud regime is associated with the more shallow convective precipitation regime. In terms of the TWP, precipitation and latent heating are dominated by the relatively infrequent (15%) occurrence of the strongly precipitating top-heavy latent heating state and by the frequent (>30%) occurrence of one of the more moderately precipitating convective states. The low precipitation/shallow cumulus regime occurs often (i.e., 25% of the time) but does not contribute strongly to the overall precipitation and latent heating. Each of these regimes also shows distinct geographical patterns in the TWP, thus providing insight into the distribution of convective and stratiform rain across the tropics. This study confirms the potential usefulness of the objective regime classification based on ISCCP, and it opens several new avenues for studying the interaction of convection with the large-scale tropical circulation.
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Bhosale, Mihir, B. K. Bhavathrathan, and Gopal R. Patil. "Red Light Running at Heterogeneous Saturated Intersections in Mumbai, India: On the Existence of Two Regimes and Causal Factors." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2619, no. 1 (January 2017): 75–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2619-08.
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This paper presents an analysis of red light running (RLR) conducted at saturated intersections in the city of Mumbai, India, where the traffic is highly heterogeneous with respect to vehicle classes and driver behavior. When all vehicles are considered, almost one in 17 drivers is seen to be jumping red signals there. Unlike the RLR behavior that has been previously reported from intersections elsewhere, a peculiarity observed here is that, within a single red phase, two distinguishable segments of RLR behavior exist. The authors classified them into two regimes: Regime 1, just after the onset of red, and Regime 2, just before the onset of the next green. About one-third of RLR events occur in Regime 1 and the rest in Regime 2. The authors fit different distributions on the time distribution of RLR events. The Kolmogorov–Smirnov test suggests that, at all intersections, exponential distribution fits best for RLR behaviors in Regime 1, and extreme value distribution fits for Regime 2. In addition to those two regimes, RLR at a lower rate is observed in the period between those regimes, and normal distribution fits there. To analyze the causal factors of RLR behavior in the two regimes, the authors developed models at a mesoscopic level specific to vehicle class and regime. Although the red-to-green ratio and the presence of policing prove to be relevant factors affecting RLR in both the regimes, the relative time for which the conflict area is free affects RLR in Regime 2 but not in Regime 1.
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Li, Zhe, Huiwen Xue, Jen-Ping Chen, and Wei-Chyung Wang. "Meteorological and Aerosol Effects on Marine Stratocumulus." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 73, no. 2 (February 1, 2016): 807–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-15-0101.1.
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Abstract This study investigates the effects of meteorological conditions and aerosols on marine stratocumulus in the southeastern Pacific using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model. Two regimes with different temperature and moisture conditions in the finest model domain are investigated. The western regime is around 87°–79°W, while the eastern regime is around 79°–71°W. In both regimes, cloud fraction, liquid water path (LWP), cloud thickness, and precipitation show significant diurnal cycles. Cloud fraction can be 0.83 during the night and down to 0.29 during the day in the western regime. The diurnal cycles in the eastern regime have smaller amplitudes but are still very strong. Stratocumulus properties also differ in the two regimes. Compared to the western regime, the eastern regime has lower temperature, higher relative humidity, and a more coupled boundary layer, leading to higher cloud fraction (by 0.11) and lower cloud-base height. The eastern regime also has lower inversion height that causes lower cloud-top height and thinner clouds and, hence, lower LWP and less precipitation. Cloud microphysical properties are very sensitive to aerosols in both regimes. Increasing aerosols greatly increase cloud number concentration, decrease cloud effective radius, and suppress precipitation. Cloud macrophysical properties (cloud fraction, LWP) are not sensitive to aerosols in either regime, most notably in the eastern regime where precipitation amount is less. The changes in cloud fraction and LWP caused by changes in aerosol concentrations are smaller than the changes in the diurnal cycle and the spatial variability between the two regimes.
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Wang, Liqiao, and Peter Wells. "Regime Confluence in Automobile Industry Transformation: Boundary Dissolution and Network Reintegration via CASE Vehicles." Energies 14, no. 4 (February 20, 2021): 1116. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14041116.
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Technological innovations in sociotechnical transitions are usually found in market or spatial niches. These novel niches may sometimes emerge and expand, and eventually may erode an established sociotechnical system regime. In this paper, we redefined niche emergence as potentially consequent from the convergence of different regimes. That is, it is proposed that innovative niches may be grounded in established regimes but subsequently expand or bridge to previously distinct and separate other sociotechnical system regimes. However, the extension of overlapping regimes creates new forms of “external” competition for industrial participants inside each regime. This paper therefore proposes that regime–regime confluence may be observed in (1) the boundaries between regimes potentially being broken via emergent new niches; (2) pre-existing local networks being fragmented and reformed into exclusive and/or wider networks; and (3) competitive challenges and pressures arising both from inside and outside the traditional industry. These outcomes are illustrated in this paper with the case of automobility transitions arising from the combination of C (connected), A (autonomous), S (shared), and E (electric) cars. The paper presents an analysis of 340 instances of regime–regime boundary crossing examples over 10 years of data drawn from specialist industry journals and websites. The number and diversity of the validated results show that CASE vehicles are both a cause and consequence of automobile industry transition, and hence that regime–regime confluence is an important neglected source of innovation and structural change.
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Meilvang, Marie Leth. "Irakerne i kirken." Dansk Sociologi 22, no. 4 (November 30, 2011): 31–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.22439/dansoc.v22i4.3920.
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I denne artikel undersøges den offentlige debat i de danske aviser vedrørende situationen omkring de afviste irakiske asylansøgere, der tog ophold i Brorsons Kirke i København, maj 2009. Artiklen kortlægger med udgangspunkt i Boltanski og Thévenots teori om retfærdiggørelse og pragmatiske handlingsregimer de måder, hvorpå aktørerne i debatten retfærdiggør deres vurderinger af situationen. Artiklen viser, hvordan debatten foregår i tre forskellige regimer: Det civile, barmhjertighedens og voldens. Disse forskellige regimer peger mod forskellige handlinger og evalueringer af situationen og viser, hvorfor debattens aktører er uenige om, hvordan situationen og irakerne skal bedømmes. Artiklen viser, hvordan aktørerne i debatten arbejder med og udvider modellerne for moralsk retfærdig handlen.
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Marie Leth Meilvang: Newspaper Debates about Rejected Iraqi Asylum Seekers who Sought Refuge in a Danish Church
This paper examines the public debate in the Danish newspapers concerning the rejected Iraqi asylum seekers who moved into the Brorson’s Church in Copenhagen, May 2009. Using Boltanski’s and Thévenot’s theories about regimes of justification and pragmatic action-regimes the article will map out the ways in which people in this debate justify their judgment of the situation. The article shows how the debate is going on in three different kinds of regimes: The civil regime, the compassion/pity regime and the violence regime. These different regimes point toward different kinds of action and evaluation of the situation, which is why the actors in the debate disagree about how the situation and the Iraqis should be judged. The article shows how the actors in the debate are working on and developing models of just and moral behavior.
Key words: Justification, Brorson’s Church, asylum seekers, Boltanski, Thévenot.
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Kim, Suyi, So-Yeun Kim, and Kyungmee Choi. "Effect of Oil Prices on Exchange Rate Movements in Korea and Japan Using Markov Regime-Switching Models." Energies 13, no. 17 (August 26, 2020): 4402. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13174402.
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We examined the effects of oil prices along with fundamental economic variables on exchange rate movements in the Korean and Japanese foreign exchange markets, using two-regime Markov Regime Switching Models (MRSMs) over the period from January 1991 to March 2019. We selected the best MRSMs explaining their exchange rate movements using the Maximum Log-Likelihood and Akaike Information Criteria, and analyze effects of oil prices on their exchange rates based on the selected best MRSMs. We consider two regimes, regime 1 with high-volatility and regime 2 with low-volatility. In Korea, two apparent regimes are observed, and unstable regime 1 consists of two distinct prolonged periods, the 1997 Asian Financial Crisis and the 2008 Global Financial Crisis. Meanwhile in Japan, no evident prolonged regimes are observed. Rather, the two regimes occasionally alternate. Oil prices influence exchange rate movements in regime 2 with low-volatility in Korea, while they do not influence exchange rate movements in either regimes in Japan. The Japanese foreign exchange market is more resistant to external oil price shocks because the Japanese industry and economy has less dependence on oil than Korea.
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Caine, Simon, Christian Jakob, Steven Siems, and Peter May. "Objective Classification of Precipitating Convective Regimes Using a Weather Radar in Darwin, Australia." Monthly Weather Review 137, no. 5 (May 1, 2009): 1585–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2008mwr2532.1.
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Abstract A clustering algorithm was applied to Frequency with Altitude Diagrams (FADs) derived from 4 yr of hourly radar data to objectively define four tropical precipitation regimes that occur during the wet season over Darwin Australia. The precipitation regimes defined are distinguished in terms of convective intensity, presence of stratiform precipitation, and precipitation coverage. Regime 1 consists of patchy convection of medium intensity and low area coverage, and regime 2 contains strong convection with relatively small area coverage. Regime 3 is composed of weak convection with large area coverage and large stratiform regions, and regime 4 contains strong convection with large area coverage and large stratiform regions. Analysis of the seasonal cycle, diurnal cycle, and regime occurrence as a function of monsoon activity all provide insight into the different physical character of the precipitation regimes. Two of the regimes exhibit a diurnal cycle with a peak in the afternoon, while the other two show a peak in their frequency of occurrence in the early morning. The different character of the regimes is also confirmed by the varying contributions that convective and stratiform rainfall make to the overall within-regime precipitation.
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Radhakrishnan, Suresh. "Investors' Recovery Friction and Auditor Liability Rules." Accounting Review 74, no. 2 (April 1, 1999): 225–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/accr.1999.74.2.225.
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This paper examines investor welfare under two different liability regimes for holding auditors liable for investor losses, the due care and the strict liability regimes. In both regimes, the investor pays the expected legal liability cost to the auditor, and a portion of any subsequent damages awarded by the court is retained by the lawyer as a contingent fee, which is called the recovery friction. This study finds that the presence of the recovery friction leads to second-best efforts by the auditor and the manager. Investor welfare in the due care regime is higher than in the strict liability regime because the expected litigation cost for the investor is lower. Investor welfare is higher in the due care regime than in the strict liability regime even when audit effort in the due care regime is lower than audit effort in the strict liability regime.
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Mar, Cho. "Comparison of Block and Replace Regime and Titration Regime in Graves’ Disease." Journal of the Endocrine Society 5, Supplement_1 (May 1, 2021): A838. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jendso/bvab048.1710.
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Abstract In Graves’ disease (GD), medical treatment is still the cornerstone in its management and there were some studies done on comparison of the block and replace regime and titration regime of the antithyroid drugs (ATDs). In Myanmar, titration regime is mostly practiced for management of GD. In daily clinical practice, frequent hospital visits are needed in titration regime and loss of follow-up is an obstacle in patients treated with titration regime. A hospital based randomized clinical trial was conducted and aimed to compare the proportion of attainment of euthyroid status between block and replace regime and titration regime in patients with recently diagnosed GD. A total of 117 patients; 58 patients in block and replace regime and 59 patients in titration regime, who met the inclusion criteria were included. The results showed that euthyroid status was observed in increasing trend during the study period for both regimes but there was no significant difference of achieving euthyroid status between the regimes at the end of 12 months. Regarding side effects of ATDs, skin rash and pruritus were more frequently occurred during the first 3 months of ATDs but no significant difference was noted between the regimes at the end of study. There was also no case of serious side effects such as agranulocytosis and hepatotoxicity up to the end of 12 months. The results of the study pointed out that block and replace regime was comparable to dose titration regime in attaining euthyroid status. As a conclusion, block and replace regime can be applied as an alternative option where titration regime is not feasible. Reference: (1) Abraham et al., 2005; A systematic review of drug therapy for Graves’ hyperthyroidism. Eur J Endocrinol. 153: 489-98. (2) Vaidya et al., 2014; Block & replace regime versus titration regime of antithyroid drugs for the treatment of Graves’ disease: a retrospective observational study. Clinical Endocrinology. 81: 610–613.
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Kerčmar, Sebastjan. "Der Ausgleichsanspruch des Handelsvertreters nach slowenischem Recht im Lichte der EU-Richtlinie 653/86 — The commercial agent’s indemnity under Slovenian law in the light of EU Directive 653/86." Internationales Handelsrecht 24, no. 3 (June 1, 2024): 89–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.9785/ihr-2024-240301.
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Abstract The article outlines the regime for commercial agent’s indemnity in the Slovenian legal system. Although the indemnity regime in all EU member states is based on the Commercial Agents Directive, the Slovenian regime deviates significantly from the German regime, which was supposedly drawn upon by the Slovenian legislature, as well as from other comparable regimes. It is therefore essential for economic operators entering the Slovenian market to have an understanding of the indemnity regime under Slovenian law. In the article, the author explains the prerequisites for a commercial agent’s entitlement to indemnity under the specific Slovenian regime, discusses the compatibility of the Slovenian regime with the Commercial Agents Directive, explains other important differences compared to other regimes, and finally discusses the possibility of analogous application of Slovenian indemnity provisions to other types of contracts.
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Shen, Chaoqun, Feifan Liu, Liangyu Wu, Cheng Yu, and Wei Yu. "Dripping, Jetting and Regime Transition of Droplet Formation in a Buoyancy-Assisted Microfluidic Device." Micromachines 11, no. 11 (October 27, 2020): 962. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi11110962.
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Buoyancy-assisted droplet formation in a quiescent continuous phase is an effective technique to produce highly monodispersed droplets, especially millimetric droplets. A comprehensive study combining visualization experiment and numerical simulation was carried out to explore the underlying physics of single droplet generation in a buoyancy-assisted microfluidic device. Typical regimes, including dripping and jetting, were examined to gain a deep insight into the hydrodynamic difference between the regimes. Particularly, the transition from dripping regime to jetting regime was investigated to give an in-depth understanding of the transitional behaviors. The effects of interfacial tension coefficient on the droplet size and formation regimes are discussed, and a regime diagram is summarized. The results show that oscillation of the interface in dripping regimes after detachment is caused by the locally accelerated fluid during the neck pinching process. Droplet formation patterns with the characteristics of both dripping regime and jetting regime are observed and recognized as the transitional regime, and the interface oscillation lasts longer than that in dripping regime, implying intensive competition between interfacial tension and inertial force. Reducing interfacial tension coefficient results in the dripping-to-jetting transition occurring at a lower flow rate of the dispersed phase. The regime diagram indicates that only the inertial force is the indispensable condition of triggering the transition from dripping to jetting.
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Moldovan, Iosif Florin. "Matrimonial Regimes." Journal of Legal Studies 16, no. 30 (December 1, 2015): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jles-2015-0010.
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Abstract The matrimonial regime represents the entirety of the legal provisions concerning the property relations between spouses during marriage, as well as the legal documents they conclude with other people, governing a (measurable) patrimonial asset. In addition to the legal community regime, with the adoption of the new Civil Code two new matrimonial regimes were introduced, namely the regime of property separation and the regime of the conventional community. Where the two spouses opt for one of the other two regimes, instead of the legal community regime, it is necessary that they should sign a marital agreement.
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Oatley, Thomas. "Why is Stabilization Sometimes Delayed?" Comparative Political Studies 37, no. 3 (April 2004): 286–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0010414003262072.
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Existing work on the politics of stabilization has failed to find compelling evidence of a regime-type effect. This article reformulates and reevaluates the regime-type hypothesis. It is argued that regime type does not have an independent impact on the timing of stabilization. Instead, regime type influences the extent to which societal opposition and distributive conflict will delay stabilization. Societal opposition and distributive conflict are likely to delay stabilization in democratic regimes, because governments must worry about maintaining power. Such societal dynamics are less likely to delay stabilization in authoritarian regimes. Using a sample of 92 high-inflation episodes, precisely these regime-specific dynamics surrounding the politics of stabilization were found. Governments in democratic regimes want to stabilize rapidly but often cannot overcome societal opposition and distributive conflict to do so. Authoritarian regimes are substantially less constrained by societal opposition and distributive conflict but have less incentive to stabilize rapidly.
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Skrypniuk, O. О. "Hybrid Political Regime: The Problem оf Positioning." ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF THE LEGAL DEVELOPMENT IN THE CONDITIONS OF WAR AND THE POST-WAR RECONSTRUCTION OF THE STATE, no. 13 (October 1, 2022): 297–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.33663/2524-017x-2022-13-49.
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Introduction. This is not the first time a scientific attempt to position a hybrid political regime in the article has made, again unsuccessful due to the contradictory nature of this regime, pronounced national specifics of combining democratic and authoritarian components, decades of delays in transforming hybrid regimes towards democracies. The methodological basis on which the study is based is a systematic analysis combined with an interdisciplinary approach. The application of this interdisciplinary approach shows that the mixed political regime was called a “hybrid” not by chance - it also has a heterosis effect. Autocratic leaders and parties were well aware that military regimes and personal dictatorships looked too authoritarian and could face sanctions from the international community, so they sought ways to legitimize their autocratic advantages in order to remain in power for a long time. The most effective approach for essentially authoritarian governments has been to fill the hybrid regime with the appearance of democracy, avoiding or distorting, depleting the very essence of democracy. By gaining an externally presentable democratic configuration, an authoritarian regime can pretend to respect rights and freedoms by actually cutting or obstructing their enjoyment. Hybrid regimes can be stable, long-lasting and competitive – while meeting the demands of elites and the needs of society, setting an example of social compromise. The concept of a hybrid regime still has no theoretical basis, which would make it possible to distinguish its identity and clearly distinguish it from other types of political regimes. Conclusions. The study of types of political regimes, the development of the theory of hybrid political regime and the application of interdisciplinary approach gives grounds to define hybrid regime as a separate type of political regime, more stable and durable than pure democratic and undemocratic forms due to its hybrid nature (heterotic effect) and unique national combination of democratic and authoritarian elements. Key words: political regime, democracy, authoritarianism, hybrid political regime
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Penide, Guillaume, Vickal V. Kumar, Alain Protat, and Peter T. May. "Statistics of Drop Size Distribution Parameters and Rain Rates for Stratiform and Convective Precipitation during the North Australian Wet Season." Monthly Weather Review 141, no. 9 (August 28, 2013): 3222–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-12-00262.1.
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Abstract C-band polarimetric radar measurements spanning two wet seasons are used to study the effects of the large-scale environment on the statistical properties of stratiform and convective rainfall around Darwin, Australia. The rainfall physical properties presented herein are the reflectivity fields, daily rainfall accumulations and raining area, rain rates, and drop size distribution (DSD) parameters (median volume diameter and “normalized” intercept parameter). Each of these properties is then analyzed according to five different atmospheric regimes and further separated into stratiform or convective rain categories following a DSD-based approach. The regimes, objectively identified by radiosonde thermodynamic and wind measurements, represent typical wet-season atmospheric conditions: the active monsoon regime, the “break” periods, the “buildup” regime, the trade wind regime, and a mixture of inactive/break periods. The large-scale context is found to strongly modulate rainfall and cloud microphysical properties. For example, during the active monsoon regime, the daily rain accumulation is higher than in the other regimes, while this regime is associated with the lowest rain rates. Precipitation in this active monsoon regime is found to be widespread and mainly composed of small particles in high concentration compared to the other regimes. Vertical profiles of reflectivity and DSD parameters suggest that warm rain processes are dominant during this regime. In contrast, rainfall properties in the drier regimes (trade wind/buildup regimes) are mostly of continental origin, with rain rates higher than in the moister regimes. In these drier regimes, precipitation is mainly formed of large raindrops in relatively low concentration due to a larger contribution of the ice microphysical processes on the rainfall formation.
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Then, Grace, Michael Gunawan, Hendra Fong, and Adrian Teja. "Country Tax Regime And Firm Debt Financing." Bina Ekonomi 23, no. 2 (October 6, 2019): 25–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.26593/be.v23i2.4453.78-71.
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The ASEAN country’s tax regime can be distinguished into the classical tax regime (Indonesia, Thailand, and Philippines) and integrated tax regime (Singapore, Malaysia, and Vietnam). This paper aims to understand the effect of the different tax regimes to firm debt financing policy. We analyze the effects of different tax regimes using the cross section regression method. The dependent variable is Debt to Equity Ratio, the independent variable is proxied by a dummy variable with the classical tax regime are defined as 1 and the integrated tax regime are defined as 0, and firms’ characteristics, as a control variable: Net Property Plan and Equipment to Total Asset Ratio, One Year Sales Growth, Price to Book Value Ratio, and Earnings before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation and Amortization to Total Asset Ratio. Since the classical tax regime has higher tax rates relative to the integrated tax regime, firm operating in the classical tax regime able to experience the same debt tax saving using lower debt financing relative to firm operating in the integrated tax regime. Keywords: ClassicalTtax Regime; Integrated Tax Regime; Debt Tax Saving; Debt Financing; ASEAN Country
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Abbasian Arani, Ali Akbar, and Majid Dehghani. "Numerical Comparison of Two and Three Dimensional Flow Regimes in Porous Media." Defect and Diffusion Forum 312-315 (April 2011): 427–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.312-315.427.
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The purpose of this work is to study the fluid flow regimes in a porous media with high enough velocities (in the range of laminar flow). In our study, the results obtained from expanding Darcy’s equation to Forchheimer’s equation with volume averaging method have been used for studdying the fluid flow behavior in 2D and 3D models. Results of numerical simulations show that in all cases, there are weak inertial regime, strong inertial regime and transition zone. In all the cases, the domain of weak inertial regime is relatively narrow, and this problem is intensified in the 3D numerical simulations. This could be the reason of missing the weak inertial regime in experimental studies on inertial fluid flow in porous media. The domain of strong inertial regime in 3D models is so wide that after Darcy’s regime, the governed regime is the strong inertial regime. To obtain more accurate and analytical results, more studies should be done on the 2D and the 3D flow regimes.
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Tansey, Oisín. "Internationalized regimes: a second dimension of regime hybridity." Democratization 20, no. 7 (December 2013): 1169–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13510347.2012.683662.
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Lewis, Karen K. "Stochastic Regime Switching and Stabilizing Policies within Regimes." International Journal of Finance & Economics 1, no. 2 (April 1996): 71–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-1158(199604)1:2<71::aid-ijfe7>3.0.co;2-t.
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Hankin, David G., Jacqueline Fitzgibbons, and Yaming Chen. "Unnatural random mating policies select for younger age at maturity in hatchery Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) populations." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 66, no. 9 (September 2009): 1505–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f09-085.
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We explored the long-term consequences of three mating regimes ((1) completely random, (2) completely random but excluding jacks (age 2 males), and (3) male length ≥ female length) on age and sex structure of wild and hatchery populations of Chinook salmon ( Oncorhynchus tshawytscha ). Regimes similar to regimes 1 or 2 are used at most salmon hatcheries, whereas regime 3 emulates the outcomes of natural spawning behaviors that favor larger males. Inheritance of age at maturity is captured in age- and sex-structured models via matrices of age- and sex-specific conditional maturation probabilities that depend on age and sex of parents. In unexploited populations, regime 1 leads to substantial long-term selection for younger age at maturity, an effect that is somewhat reduced by regime 2, but greatly reduced under regime 3. Equilibrium age and sex structures for wild and hatchery populations under regime 3 are similar to those of natural populations, whereas mating regime 1 generates age structure that is greatly shifted toward younger ages and jacks. To prevent unintentional selection for younger age at maturity, we recommend that large-scale hatcheries replace unnatural completely random mating regimes with mating regimes that emulate the outcomes of natural spawning behaviors.
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Kim, Nam Kyu, and Alex M. Kroeger. "Regime and Leader Instability Under Two Forms of Military Rule." Comparative Political Studies 51, no. 1 (February 1, 2017): 3–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0010414016688009.
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The finding that military regimes are more fragile than other authoritarian regimes represents one of the few stylized facts in comparative politics. However, the existing literature contains substantial differences in the theoretical explanations for military regime instability and operationalizations of military rule. To assess competing explanations, we examine regime and leader instability after distinguishing between collegial and personalist military rule. We show that regime and leader insecurity characterize only collegial military regimes. Particularly, the fragility of collegial military regimes comes from a heightened likelihood of democratization, not more frequent transitions to alternative autocratic regimes. In addition, leaders of collegial military regimes face higher risks of both regular and irregular turnovers than other autocrats. Also, irregular exits of collegial military leaders tend to occur through reshuffling, rather than regime-changing, coups. The results strongly support theories focusing on military officers’ preference for unity over other explanations.
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Kim, Nam Kyu. "Anti-regime Uprisings and the Emergence of Electoral Authoritarianism." Political Research Quarterly 70, no. 1 (October 23, 2016): 111–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1065912916675739.
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This paper explores the role of threats from below in the emergence of electoral authoritarianism. Mass uprisings for democratic regime change undermine closed authoritarian regimes by making it difficult for autocrats to maintain their regimes through repression and co-optation. Anti-regime uprisings also promote the establishment of electoral authoritarianism by toppling the existing closed regime or by compelling autocrats to offer political reform as a survival strategy. Looking at closed authoritarian regimes from 1961 to 2006, my analysis reveals that anti-regime mass uprisings are significantly associated with transitions to electoral authoritarianism. I also find that nonviolent uprisings are more likely than violent uprisings to result in the establishment of electoral authoritarianism and that the effect of anti-regime uprisings on transitions to electoral authoritarianism is greater when a country is surrounded by more democracies or is ethnically or religiously homogeneous.
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Goldring, Edward, and Sheena Chestnut Greitens. "Rethinking Democratic Diffusion: Bringing Regime Type Back In." Comparative Political Studies 53, no. 2 (June 16, 2019): 319–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0010414019852701.
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Studies of democratic diffusion often emphasize geographic proximity: democratization in a country or region makes democratization nearby more likely. We argue that regime type has been underappreciated; authoritarian breakdown and democratization often diffuse along networks of similar regimes. A regime’s type affects its vulnerability to popular challenge, and regime similarity increases the likelihood that protest strategies developed against one regime are effective against similar regimes. We employ a qualitative case study from China to generate our theory, then test it quantitatively and with out-of-sample cases. We find that regime similarity strongly predicts autocratic breakdown and democratic diffusion, making both outcomes more likely. Including regime similarity significantly reduces the effect of geographic proximity, although geographic proximity may increase the effect of regime similarity. Reinterpreting democratic diffusion as a regime-type phenomenon calls for revision to conventional wisdom on the role of international factors in authoritarian breakdown and democratization.
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Chen, Jun, and Edward Tsang. "Classification of Normal and Abnormal Regimes in Financial Markets." Algorithms 11, no. 12 (December 12, 2018): 202. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/a11120202.
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When financial market conditions change, traders adopt different strategies. The traders’ collective behaviour may cause significant changes in the statistical properties of price movements. When this happens, the market is said to have gone through “regime changes”. The purpose of this paper is to characterise what is a “normal market regime” as well as what is an “abnormal market regime”, under observations in Directional Changes (DC). Our study starts with historical data from 10 financial markets. For each market, we focus on a period of time in which significant events could have triggered regime changes. The observations of regime changes in these markets are then positioned in a designed two-dimensional indicator space based on DC. Our results suggest that the normal regimes from different markets share similar statistical characteristics. In other words, with our observations, it is possible to distinguish normal regimes from abnormal regimes. This is significant, because, for the first time, we can tell whether a market is in a normal regime by observing the DC indicators in the market. This opens the door for future work to be able to dynamically monitor the market for regime change.
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Mills, Greg. "Regime changeorchange within the regime?" RUSI Journal 150, no. 3 (June 2005): 34–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03071840508522903.
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Zhang, Qian, Tongqing Guo, Xungang Wang, Xiaoling Zhang, Yuanyue Geng, Hongjin Liu, Tianwei Xu, Linyong Hu, Na Zhao, and Shixiao Xu. "Rumen Microbiome Reveals the Differential Response of CO2 and CH4 Emissions of Yaks to Feeding Regimes on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau." Animals 12, no. 21 (October 30, 2022): 2991. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12212991.
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Shifts in feeding regimes are important factors affecting greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from livestock farming. However, the quantitative values and associated drivers of GHG emissions from yaks (Bos grunniens) following shifts in feeding regimes have yet to be fully described. In this study, we aimed to investigate CH4 and CO2 emissions differences of yaks under different feeding regimes and their potential microbial mechanisms. Using static breathing chamber and Picarro G2508 gas concentration analyzer, we measured the CO2 and CH4 emissions from yaks under traditional grazing (TG) and warm-grazing and cold-indoor feeding (WGCF) regimes. Microbial inventories from the ruminal fluid of the yaks were determined via Illumina 16S rRNA and ITS sequencing. Results showed that implementing the TG regime in yaks decreased their CO2 and CH4 emissions compared to the WGCF regime. The alpha diversity of ruminal archaeal community was higher in the TG regime than in the WGCF regime. The beta diversity showed that significant differences in the rumen microbial composition of the TG regime and the WGCF regime. Changes in the rumen microbiota of the yaks were driven by differences in dietary nutritional parameters. The relative abundances of the phyla Neocallimastigomycota and Euryarchaeota and the functional genera Prevotella, Ruminococcus, Orpinomyces, and Methanobrevibacter were significantly higher in the WGCF regime than in the TG regime. CO2 and CH4 emissions from yaks differed mainly because of the enrichment relationship of functional H2- and CO2-producing microorganisms, hydrogen-consuming microbiota, and hydrogenotrophic methanogenic microbiota. Our results provided a view that it is ecologically important to develop GHG emissions reduction strategies for yaks on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau based on traditional grazing regime.
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Li, Xu, LanLan Nie, and XinPei Lu. "Temporal electric field and electron density behavior of a He plasma jet with pulse width closing to pulse duration." Physics of Plasmas 30, no. 3 (March 2023): 033510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0132397.
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Previously, it was observed that the plasma plume appears with three regimes (dark regime next to the nozzle, bright regime in the middle, and dim regime on the right) where the regime next to the nozzle is dark when the pulse width of the applied voltage is close to the pulse duration. In this paper, to understand such observation, the spatial and temporal resolved electron density and electric field in the three regimes are measured through the Thomson scattering and electric field-induced second harmonic method, respectively. It is found that, in the dark regime next to the nozzle, the electric field is relatively low, and it has a peak value of about 10 kV/cm, but the electron density is high, and it has a peak value of about 4.2 × 1020 m−3. So, the dark regime is like a conductive channel. On the other hand, for the bright regime, the electric field is much higher, and it has a peak value of about 17 kV/cm. However, the electron density is significantly lower than that in the dark regime, and its peak value is only about 1020 m−3. Even in the dim regime, the electric field is higher than that in the dark regime, and it has a peak value of about 13 kV/cm. Because electron temperature is related to the electric field, the results obtained in the paper indicate that the brightness of the plasma plume at different regimes is mainly decided by the electron temperature rather than the electron density. Finally, when a trace amount of O2 is mixed into working gas He, the dark regime disappears, and this is believed to be due to the fast attachment of electron to O2, which results in the decrease in the residual electron density in the regime next to the nozzle.
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Yuen, Samson, and Edmund W. Cheng. "Neither Repression Nor Concession? A Regime’s Attrition against Mass Protests." Political Studies 65, no. 3 (January 30, 2017): 611–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0032321716674024.
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Protest activists employ various strategies to challenge regimes, and regimes deploy multifaceted tactics to respond to such challenges. Existing studies on regime protest responses focus on repression and concession, but little attention is devoted to toleration, which is often regarded as government inaction. Drawing on primary sources and interviews, this article analyses regime responses to Hong Kong’s Umbrella Movement to expand the conceptualisation of toleration. First, it demonstrates that regimes adapt multiple strategies to protesters’ reactions rather than adhering to a single response. Second, it shows that toleration, other than ignoring protests, entails proactive tactics that we summarise as attrition. While ‘tolerating’ street occupation, the regime sought to eliminate political opportunities by maintaining elite cohesion, increase participation costs by mobilising countermovements and bolster legitimacy by leveraging the court as a revered institution. This new conceptual distinction thus captures regime innovation in counteracting protests and broadens the typology of regime responses.
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LIU, Jianbo, Guangyao GAO, Shuai WANG, and Bojie FU. "Combined effects of rainfall regime and plot length on runoff and soil loss in the Loess Plateau of China." Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 109, no. 3-4 (September 2018): 397–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1755691018000531.
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ABSTRACTThe purpose of this paper was to study the interaction effects of rainfall regime and slope length on runoff and soil loss under different land uses. Event runoff and soil loss in forest, shrub and grass were measured in plots with lengths of 5, 9 and 13m in the Loess Plateau from 2008 to 2016. A total of 59 erosive rainfall events were recorded and classified into three rainfall regimes. Firstly, the results showed that the runoff coefficient was grass>shrub>forest, and soil loss was grass>forest>shrub, but the differences between forest and shrub in runoff and between grass and forest in soil loss did not reach significant levels. Secondly, rainfall regimes had an important effect on runoff and soil loss under different land uses. The lowest runoff coefficients and the highest soil loss in regime 2 were found in shrub and forest land, respectively, which differed from that of regime 1. In total, rainfall regime 1 had the highest runoff coefficient of 0.84–2.06%, followed by regime 3 with 0.33–0.88% and regime 2 with 0.04–0.06%. Soil loss in forest and grass land had a different order of regime 3>regime 1>regime 2. Thirdly, both the runoff coefficient and soil loss decreased with increasing plot length, while the effect of slope length on runoff/soil loss were influenced by land use type and rainfall regimes.
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Kijkarncharoensin, Akara, and Supachate Innet. "Consistent Regime-Switching Lasso Model of the Biomass Proximate Analysis Higher Heating Value." International Journal of Renewable Energy Development 12, no. 1 (September 27, 2022): 87–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijred.2023.47831.
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Prediction accuracy is crucial for higher heating value (HHV) models to promote renewable biomass energy, especially its consistency is crucial when retraining data and knowledge of the range are unavailable. Current HHV models lack consistency in accuracy and interpretability due to various reasons. Thus, this study aimed to construct an interpretable and consistent proximate-based biomass HHV model on a wide-range dataset. The model, regime-lasso, integrated the concepts of regime-switching, lasso regression, and federated averaging to construct a consistent HHV model. The regime-switching partitioned the dataset into optimal regimes, and the lasso trained the regime models. The regime-lasso model is a collection of these models. It provided root mean square error of 0.4430– 0.9050, mean absolute error of 0.2743–0.6867, and average absolute error of 1.512–4.5894% in the literature’s wide-range datasets. The Kruskal–Wallis test confirmed the in-sample performance consistency at α=0.05, regardless of the training sets. In the out-of-sample situations without retraining, the model preserved its accuracy in six out of 11 datasets at α = 0.01. The interpretability of regime-lasso indicated the regime characteristic to be a factor of inconsistent prediction. The increase in FC had the maximum positive impact on HHV in the 2nd and 3rd regimes, while the increase in ASH negatively impacted the 1st and 2nd regimes. VM variation had neutral effects in all regimes. The regime-lasso solves the issues of accuracy declination and addresses the challenges in sensitivity analysis of the HHV model. The prediction accuracy issues of the model’s direct implementation were fixed.
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Conliffe, Alexandra. "Combating Ineffectiveness: Climate Change Bandwagoning and the UN Convention to Combat Desertification." Global Environmental Politics 11, no. 3 (August 2011): 44–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/glep_a_00068.
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This article examines the role of linkage politics in revitalizing the largely ineffective UN Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD). I argue that the UNCCD Secretariat has taken a leadership role in driving a regime linkage agenda that has focused disproportionately on linkages to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). By comparing the UNCCD Secretariat's attempts to build desertification-mitigation and desertification-adaptation linkages, I propose three criteria for predicting whether regime linkages are likely to benefit source regimes (here the UNCCD): the linkage's contribution to source governance goals; the credibility of knowledge presented by the source regime; and the linkage's political feasibility for the target regime. This analysis shows secretariats to be important actors in linkage politics whose actions can lead to both beneficial and harmful outcomes for the regimes they are intended to serve. Finally, by asking whether desertification issues that overlap with climate change might be better addressed under the UNFCCC, I question when regime overlap indicates regime redundancy and warrants regime death.
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Phung, Viet-Anh, and Pavel Kudinov. "Prediction of Flow Regimes and Thermal Hydraulic Parameters in Two-Phase Natural Circulation by RELAP5 and TRACE Codes." Science and Technology of Nuclear Installations 2015 (2015): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/296317.
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In earlier study we have demonstrated that RELAP5 can predict flow instability parameters (flow rate, oscillation period, temperature, and pressure) in single channel tests in CIRCUS-IV facility. The main goals of this work are to (i) validate RELAP5 and TRACE capabilities in prediction of two-phase flow instability and flow regimes and (ii) assess the effect of improvement in flow regime identification on code predictions. Most of the results of RELAP5 and TRACE calculation are in reasonable agreement with experimental data from CIRCUS-IV. However, both codes misidentified instantaneous flow regimes which were observed in the test with high speed camera. One of the reasons for the incorrect identification of the flow regimes is the small tube flow regime transition model in RELAP5 and the combined bubbly-slug flow regime in TRACE. We found that calculation results are sensitive to flow regime boundaries of RELAP5 which were modified in order to match the experimental data on flow regimes. Although the flow regime became closer to the experimental one, other predicted thermal hydraulic parameters showed larger discrepancy with the experimental data than with the base case calculations where flow regimes were misidentified.
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Rajaei, Hadi, Kim M. J. Alards, Rudie P. J. Kunnen, and Herman J. H. Clercx. "Velocity and acceleration statistics in rapidly rotating Rayleigh–Bénard convection." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 857 (October 22, 2018): 374–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2018.751.
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Background rotation causes different flow structures and heat transfer efficiencies in Rayleigh–Bénard convection. Three main regimes are known: rotation unaffected, rotation affected and rotation dominated. It has been shown that the transition between rotation-unaffected and rotation-affected regimes is driven by the boundary layers. However, the physics behind the transition between rotation-affected and rotation-dominated regimes are still unresolved. In this study, we employ the experimentally obtained Lagrangian velocity and acceleration statistics of neutrally buoyant immersed particles to study the rotation-affected and rotation-dominated regimes and the transition between them. We have found that the transition to the rotation-dominated regime coincides with three phenomena; suppressed vertical motions, strong penetration of vortical plumes deep into the bulk and reduced interaction of vortical plumes with their surroundings. The first two phenomena are used as confirmations for the available hypotheses on the transition to the rotation-dominated regime while the last phenomenon is a new argument to describe the regime transition. These findings allow us to better understand the rotation-dominated regime and the transition to this regime.
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A. Adejumo, Oluwasegun, Seno Albert, and Omorogbe J. Asemota. "Markov Regime-Switching Autoregressive Model of Stock Market Returns in Nigeria." Central Bank of Nigeria Journal of Applied Statistics, Vol. 11 No. 2 (April 8, 2021): 65–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.33429/cjas.11220.3/8.
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This study is designed to model and forecast Nigeria’s stock market using the All-Share Index (ASI) as a proxy. By employing the Markov regime-switching autoregressive (MS-AR) model with data from April 2005 to September 2019, the study analyzes the stock market volatility in three distinct regimes (accumulation or distribution – regime 1; big-move – regime 2; and excess or panic phases – regime 3) of the bull and bear periods. Six MS-AR candidate models are estimated and based on the minimum AIC value, MS(3)-AR(2) is returned as the optimal model among the six candidate models. The MS(3)-AR(2) analysis provides evidence of regime-switching behaviour in the stock market. The study also shows that only extreme events can switch the ASI returns from regime 1 to regime 2 and to regime 3, or vice versa. It further specifies an average duration period of 9, 3 and 4 weeks for the accumulation/distribution, big-move and excess/panic regimes respectively which is an evidence of favorable market for investors to trade. Based on Root Mean Square Error and Mean Absolute Error, the fitted MS-AR model is adjudged the most appropriate ASI returns forecasting model. The study recommends investments in stock across the regimes that are switching between accumulation/distribution and big-move phases for promising returns.
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Heinselman, Pamela L., and David M. Schultz. "Intraseasonal Variability of Summer Storms over Central Arizona during 1997 and 1999." Weather and Forecasting 21, no. 4 (August 1, 2006): 559–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/waf929.1.
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Abstract Although previous climatologies over central Arizona show a summer diurnal precipitation cycle, on any given day precipitation may differ dramatically from this climatology. The purpose of this study is to investigate the intraseasonal variability of diurnal storm development over Arizona and explore the relationship to the synoptic-scale flow and Phoenix soundings during the 1997 and 1999 North American monsoons. Radar reflectivity mosaics constructed from Phoenix and Flagstaff Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler reflectivity data reveal six repeated storm development patterns or regimes. The diurnal evolution of each regime is illustrated by computing frequency maps of 25 dBZ and greater reflectivity during 3-h periods. These regimes are named to reflect their regional and temporal characteristics: dry regime, eastern mountain regime, central-eastern mountain regime, central-eastern mountain and Sonoran-isolated regime, central-eastern mountain and Sonoran regime, and nondiurnal regime. Composites constructed from the NCEP–NCAR 40-Year Reanalysis Project data show that regime occurrence is related to the north–south location of the 500-hPa geopotential height ridge axis of the Bermuda high and the east–west location of the 500-hPa monsoon boundary, a boundary between dry air to the west and moist air to the east. Consequently, precipitable water from the 1200 UTC Phoenix soundings is the best parameter for discriminating the six regimes.
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Kim, Nam Kyu, and Alex M. Kroeger. "Conquering and coercing: Nonviolent anti-regime protests and the pathways to democracy." Journal of Peace Research 56, no. 5 (May 7, 2019): 650–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022343319830267.
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Recent research finds an association between nonviolent protests and democratic transitions. However, existing scholarship either does not specify the pathways through which nonviolent protests bring about democratization or conduct systematic empirical analyses demonstrating that the specified pathways are operative. This article proposes four pathways through which nonviolent anti-regime protests encourage democratic transitions, emphasizing their ability to directly conquer or indirectly coerce such transitions. Most simply, they can conquer democratic reforms by directly overthrowing authoritarian regimes and installing democracies. They can also coerce democratic reforms through three additional pathways. Nonviolent anti-regime protests can coerce incumbent elites into democratic reforms by threatening the survival of authoritarian regimes. They also increase the likelihood of elite splits, which promote negotiated democratic reforms. Finally, they encourage leadership change within the existing authoritarian regime. Following leadership change, nonviolent movements remain mobilized and are able to coerce democratic concessions from the regime’s new leaders. Our within-regime analyses provide robust empirical support for each pathway. We show that nonviolent anti-regime protests conquer democratic reforms by ousting autocratic regimes and replacing them with democracies. Nonviolent anti-regime protests also coerce elites into democratic reforms by threatening regime and leader survival. These findings highlight the importance of protest goals and tactics and also that nonviolent anti-regime protests have both direct and indirect effects on democratization.
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Draguljić, Gorana. "The Climate Change Regime Complex." Global Governance: A Review of Multilateralism and International Organizations 25, no. 3 (September 25, 2019): 476–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/19426720-02503006.
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Abstract In an era defined by forum shopping, institutional proliferation, and regime complexity, why do global governance arrangements remain relatively stable? This article combines the insights of regime complexity scholarship with historical institutionalism to address this question. It argues that the establishment of international regimes creates winners and losers. States dissatisfied with these arrangements push for institutional change. Regimes nonetheless tend to develop in a path-dependent manner because institutions are resistant to change and the winners under the status quo seek to protect it. Thus, existing governance arrangements exert a centripetal pull, even when states engage in forum shopping and institutional proliferation to generate regime complexity. An examination of path-dependent institutional development in the global climate regime supports the argument.
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KANAS, ANGELOS. "A MULTIVARIATE REGIME SWITCHING APPROACH TO THE RELATION BETWEEN THE STOCK MARKET, THE INTEREST RATE AND OUTPUT." International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Finance 11, no. 07 (November 2008): 657–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021902490800497x.
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This paper presents empirical evidence that the relation between stock returns, real activity and interest rates for the US is regime dependent. Fixed exchange rates, and interest rate targeting are associated with a regime in which the joint behavior of these three variables is characterized by low volatility, whilst monetary aggregates targeting is associated with a high volatility regime. Both the contemporaneous and the dynamic relations change across regimes. Regime-dependent dynamic effects arise from interest rates to real activity, from stock returns to real activity and interest rates, and from real activity to interest rates. Dynamic impulse responses also vary across regimes.
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Blagov, Boris, and Michael Funke. "THE REGIME-DEPENDENT EVOLUTION OF CREDIBILITY: A FRESH LOOK AT HONG KONG'S LINKED EXCHANGE RATE SYSTEM." Macroeconomic Dynamics 23, no. 06 (April 22, 2018): 2434–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s136510051700075x.
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An estimated Markov-switching DSGE modeling framework that allows for parameter shifts across regimes is employed to test the hypothesis of regime-dependent credibility of Hong Kong's linked exchange rate system. The baseline model distinguishes two regimes with respect to the time-series properties of the risk premium. Regime-dependent impulse responses to macroeconomic shocks reveal substantial differences in spreads. To test the sensitivity of the results, a number of robustness checks are performed. The findings contribute to efforts at modeling exchange rate regime credibility as a nonlinear process with two distinct regimes.
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Beekmann, M., and R. Vautard. "A modelling study of photochemical regimes over Europe: robustness and variability." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 9, no. 1 (January 16, 2009): 1521–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-9-1521-2009.
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Abstract. The variability of the relative sensitivity to volatile organic compounds (VOC) or NOx emissions, the chemical regime, over Europe during summers 2001 to 2003 is simulated with a regional scale transport-chemistry model. The robustness of chemical regimes is shown. A VOC sensitive regime over North-Western Europe and a mainly NOx sensitive regime over the Mediterranean basin and Eastern Europe are found, confirming earlier published results. The chemical regime time variability, its robustness to several environmental factors (seasonality, interannual variability) and to model uncertainty are thoroughly analysed. The chemical regime spatial structure only slightly depends on the ozone target considered (daily ozone maximum or AOT40, SOMO35, ...). Differences between particular years and summer months are weak. Day to day variability is significant but does not change the occurrence of one or another chemical regime over North-Western Europe and the Mediterranean basin. Expected decreases in anthropogenic NOx emissions over Europe since the last and for the next few decades have shifted and will shift chemical regimes to more NOx sensitive. The predictive and explanatory use of chemical regime indicator species is also investigated. For all cases but near ship tracks over the Mediterranean basin, the spatial pattern of chemical regimes appears to be robust with respect to model uncertainty.
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Gajic, Duska. "Foreign currency regimes." Privredna izgradnja 47, no. 3-4 (2004): 233–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/priz0404233g.
Full textAbstract:
There is no exchange rate regime that can be declared as the best one. Each regime has both advantages and disadvantages. In some situations, a regime can be very positive and in an other, it may have rather negative outcome. In the theory, regimes are classified as follows: currency union, currency board, "truly fixed", adjustable peg, crawling peg, basket peg, target zone, dirty float, free float. This paper addresses "fixed vs. flexible regime" issue and provides description of all the requirements, consequences, benefits, weaknesses and possibilities related to them. The final conclusion is that flexible regimes are more frequently used and preferred by most economists. After all theoretical analyses, policymakers are those who make decisions about the optimal exchange rate regime for the economy concerned.