Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Régime pluviométrique'
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Chagnaud, Guillaume. "Évolutions du régime pluviométrique au Sahel Ouest-Africain : détection, éléments d'attribution et projections." Université Grenoble Alpes, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022GRALU027.
Full textAnthropogenic global warming has consequences on the hydrological cycle and in particular on rainfall at regional scales. Rainfall in the Sahel, driven by the West African monsoon, is characterized by significant variability over a wide range of spatial and temporal scales as well as by high sensitivity to global climate fluctuations. The socio-economic stakes of the region are particularly high, with, on the one hand, an essentially rain-fed agriculture that is vulnerable to droughts and, on the other hand, an increase in flood flows associated with strong demographic growth and little or unplanned urbanization, exacerbating the risk of flooding. In this context, this thesis aims to document and understand past changes in the sahelian rainfall regime in order to anticipate its future evolution. Existing tools allowing a fine description of the statistical properties of rainfall -- especially extremes -- over the region are adapted to a context of temporal non-stationarity. This framework has allowed to robustly demonstrate the increase in intensity of extreme rainfall events over the region, at time steps ranging from sub-hourly to daily. It was also shown that the strongest events are those whose frequency increases the most. These trends have been expressed in terms widely used in the field of hydrological engineering in order to promote the appropriation of decision support tools and the implementation of adaptation practices. The latest numerical climate simulations are then used to better understand the factors responsible for these changes. These simulations, which represent remarkably well the rainfall regime evolution observed since 1950 in the region, have highlighted the major role of anthropogenic climate forcing factors in the rainfall intensification: aerosols seem to be the main contributors to this trend, with an additional role of greenhouse gases. These forced signals were modulated in time and space by the internal variability of the ocean. Climate simulations in future socio-economic scenarios suggest the emergence of new hydro-climatic conditions over the region in the next decade, particularly with regard to extreme rainfall events. Thus, without the implementation of relevant and long-term adaptation measures, the consequences of increasingly frequent and intense extreme events will grow. On the other hand, the rainy season is experiencing a delay in its onset, which is made up for by more intense events later in the season. Such changes pose a serious threat to -- among other things -- agricultural yields, flooding (especially in urban areas) and the availability of water resources
Godart, Angélique. "Les précipitations orographiques organisées en bandes dans la région Cevennes-Vivarais : caractérisation et contribution au régime pluviométrique." Grenoble 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009GRE10178.
Full textThis thesis is dedicated to the study of a particular kind of shallow convection in the Cévennes area. This shallow convection is associated with orographic banded rainfall. Even if their intensity is small, they impact on hydrology since their duration. We hope to understand process linked with this rainfall and to evaluate their contribution to the rainfall regime in the area. The first step consists on the elaboration of a data base of orographic banded rainfall events. Indeed, until now, only 20h of orographic banded rainfall have been observed. This data base is built thanks to dynamical and rainfall criteria and then completed with linear and non-linear statistic methods. Next, the atmospheric conditions propice to the triggering of shallow convection are identified with radiosoundings, ERA40 reanalysis and numerical simulations (with MesoNH). Finally, the contribution of this rainfall is evaluated by comparing the accumulation of rainfall over the data base to the accumulation of rainfall over the whole period 1976-2005. Despite incertainties, this contribution is not negligible and suggests the interest to develop an observatory network to better observe the shallow orographic banded convective events
Ramallo, Cinthya. "Caractérisation du régime pluviométrique et sa relation à la fonte du glacier Zongo (Cordillère Royale)." Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENU048/document.
Full textL'auteur n'a pas fourni de résumé en anglais
Lawin, Agnidé. "Analyse climatologique et statistique du régime pluviométrique de la haute vallée de l’Oueme à partir des données pluviographiques amma-catch benin." Grenoble INPG, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007INPG0169.
Full textThe objective of this work is to analyze the climatology of rainy events in a Sudanese area. The first part presents the mean climatological features of rainfall in the region. The interannual and intra-seasonal variability of the pluviometrie regime is investigated. Ln the second part of this study, we focus on the rainy events that composed a rainy season. A climatological analysis of those rainy events characteristics is performed. The frequency distribution of the rainfall rates is also studied and the differences between wet and dry seasons analysed. The similarities and the differences of our results with those derived for the sahelian region are also discussed. Finally, the third part focuses on the spatial structure of the rainfall fields both at the rainy events scale and the daily scale. A model is proposed to describe the structure. The temporal variability of the structure is analyzed at the interannual scale and a/so at the intra-seasonal scale. The existence of a gradient in the rainfall field is also investigated
Balme-Debionne, Maud. "Analyse du régime pluviométrique sahélien dans une perspective hydrologique et agronomique : étude de l'impact de sa variabilité sur la culture du mil." Grenoble INPG, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004INPG0126.
Full textAssessing the influence of the climatic variability on water resources and agriculture is a crucial scientific issue, especially for the Sahel. The difficulty lies in the gap between the scales of the climatic model outputs and those of the hydrological and agronomical applications. The Sahelian rainfall regime and its variability are described here by using both the daily rainfall data registered in Niamey Airport (Niger) from 1950 to 2002 and a high space-time resolution data set in the area of Niamey, namely the AMMA-CATCH Niger observatory, from 1990 to 2002, stressing the event scale and the rain intensity scale, which are rarely well-documented. Next, the influence of the rainfall variability on millet yields is studied by using an agronomical model. It is shown that the rainfall fields are strongly marked by the rainfall variability at convective scale, even at yearly scale. Agricultural yields are very sensitive to this variability
Rossel, Frédéric. "Influence du Niño sur les régines pluviométriques de l'Equateur." Montpellier 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON20122.
Full textMelese, Victor. "Modélisation multi-échelle de l'aléa pluviométrique et incertitudes associées - Application à la région des Cévennes." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAU008/document.
Full textThis thesis aims at modelling the rainfall hazard in a mountainous region of southeastern France centered on the Cévennes massif. This region undergoes intense rainfall events leading to flash floods, which have considerable socio-economics impacts. A statistical measure of hazard is the frequency of occurrence, or equivalently the return period. Since rainfall accumulates in both time and space, rainfall hazard in a multi-scale variable. This thesis propose a generic framework for rainfall hazard modelling over the continuum of spatio-temporal scales.The first part of this work allows to determine which is the most relevant statistical framework. The second part proposes a multi scale modelling of rainfall hazard for the region. Finally, the third part allows the multi-scale quantification of the frequency of occurrence of a given storm and of the related uncertainties
Gutiérrez, López Martin Alfonso. "Modélisation stochastique des régimes pluviométriques à l'échelle régionale pour la prévision des crues au Nord-Mexique." Grenoble INPG, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003INPG0043.
Full textNorrant, Caroline. "Tendances pluviométriques indicatrices d'un changement climatique dans le bassin méditerranéen de 1950 à 2000 : Etude diagnostique." Aix-Marseille 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AIX10063.
Full textYates, Eddy. "Convection en région Cévennes-Vivarais : étude de données pluviométriques, simulations numériques et validation multi-échelles." Grenoble INPG, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006INPG0162.
Full textHydrometeorological data are analyzed to better understand and represent the space variability of rainfall in the Cévennes-Vivarais region. The analysis of raingauge databases shows that the statistical properties of rainfall do not depend on the localisation of the mountains for short integrating limes. But if the rainfall is integrated on longer time steps, its statistical properties are highly correlated with the topography. Numerical simulations show that shallow convection is very sensitive to atmospherical forcing, especially through the way the air masses "read" the topography. The impact of soil humidity is less important; it can nevertheless change the stratification of the atmosphere up to more th an 1 km. A method to validate simulations is developed. Il allows comparing the scale of the simulation errors with the scale of the hydrosystems. This method is tested with idealised rainfalls, then with real rainfalls but idealised simulation errors, then with real simulations
Debortoli, Nathan Dos Santos. "Régime des pluies et déforestation en Amazonie Méridionale." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013REN20037/document.
Full text207 Rain Gauges (RG) of the Brazilian National Agency for Water (ANA) were analyzed using statistical non-parametrical tests. The Pettitt’s test identified ruptures in the chronological rainfall series, while the Mann-Kendall’s test detected annual and seasonal tendencies in rainfall indexes and a linear regression analysis identified slight gain or loss in precipitation. Pettitt’s test indicated 16% of ruptures in the chronological rainfall series at the same time as Mann-Kendall’s monthly test put in evidence 41% of the RG having negative trends in transition seasons (onset and offset of the rainy season). Lastly the linear regression analysis showed 63% of data having negative trends. Additionally the dates of onset and offset of the rainy season were identified and its results submitted to Mann-Kendall’s and the linear regression approach. The data suggests strong contrasts between the Southern Amazon and the Northern Cerrado showing a delay on the onset of the rainy season for 84% of the RG, a premature offset for 76% and a reduction in the rainfall seasonal extend for 88%. An exponential ordinary kriging analysis of RG in deforested areas also revealed major chances of deforestation areas working as an adjuvant in the weakening of the rainy season- especially in highly deforested areas of the Mato Grosso State and the northern Rondônia. Aiming to build a tool to detect interactions between land surface and rainfall patterns the207 RG were correlated through a buffer zones analysis with land use data acquired from satellite LANDSAT 5. The time frame previously selected was divided into three periods of forest cover (before 1997, between 1997-2010 and acumulated for 2010). The cross-related buffer zones analysis (1-50km) indicated at local level that precipitation patterns are not well correlated to forest cover. Yet the buffer zones methodology suggested that as larger the forest areas are, larger are the probabilities of those influencing precipitation at regional scale, contrary to forest fragments in local level. Despite the climatic data in the buffer analyzes do not reveal significant correlation to forest cover, the statistic Pettit and Mann-Kendall tests, the linear regression analyzes and the identification of the rainy season, confirmed a fine linkage with recent findings which focus large-scale circulation models including forest cover as a variable
Este estudo analisou 207 estações pluviométricas da Agência Nacional das Águas (ANA) no Sul da Amazônia e no Cerrado no período de 1970-2010, utiizando-se dos testes estatísticos não-paramétricos de Pettitt que identifica rupturas nas séries cronológicas pluviométricas, o teste de Mann-Kendall que detecta tendências anuais e sazonais dos índices pluviométricos, e uma análise de regressão linear que identifica tendências sutis de acréscimo ou decréscimo nas precipitações. O teste de Pettitt indicou um total de 16% de rupturas nas séries cronológicas de chuva enquanto que o teste sazonal/mensal de Mann-Kendall coloca em evidência que 41% das estações apresentam tendências negativas principalmente nas estações de transição (início e fim da estação chuvosa). Já a análise de regressão linear indicou que 63% dos dados apresentam tendências negativas nas precipitações. Como complemento também foram identificadas as datas do início e fim da estação chuvosa. Esta se deu por meio da adaptação de método estatístico atrelado às análise de tendências de Mann-Kendall e de regressão linear. Os resultados sugerem fortes contrastes entre o Sul Amazônico e o Cerrado. Esta análise cronológica do período chuvoso indicou o atraso significativo no início da estação chuvosa para 84% das estações, e um fim prematuro em 76%, além da redução do período em 88% dos casos. Por fim, foi desenvolvido,examinado e verificado a correlação de dados climáticos e cobertura do solo através da análise climática oriunda da regressão linear, e da classificação do uso da terra adquiridos do satélite LANDSAT 5 a partir de uma perspectiva temporal. A correlação dos dados delimitados por zonas tampão de 1-50km e divididos em 3 períodos cronológicos anteriores a 1997, entre 1997-2010 e o acumulado de 2010 contemplam o total de floresta. As análises indicam que os padrões de precipitação local não são correlacionados diretamente a cobertura florestal. No entanto, a metodologia de zonas tampão sugere que quanto maiores as áreas de floresta, maiores são as probabilidades destas influenciarem as precipitações, ao contrário de pequenos fragmentos florestais como indicado nos resultados das correlações até 50km. Apesar dos dados climáticos não mostrarem correlação significativa com os dados da cobertura florestal, as análises dos testes de Pettit, Mann-Kendall, regressão linear e de identificação do período chuvoso vão em direção de descobertas recentes com foco nos modelos de circulação em larga-escala, que incluem a cobertura florestal como variável
Duchiron, Bertrand. "Variabilité interannuelle de la pluviométrie dans l'espace riverain de l'océan indien." Paris 7, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA070022.
Full textThe interannual variability of rainfall in the coastal areas of the Indian ocean was analysed for the period 1946-1975 and regionalized then we establish statistical forcasting models of rainfall from oceano-atmospheric circulation indicators. A set of 130 well-spatially-distributed stations were selected from a pluviometric database. Missing values were statistically replaced and the output dataset was validated. Multivariate analyes (PCA and clustering analysis) were applied on these data to extract 21 homogeneous pluviometric regions. Times series are strongly correlated over a lag period ranging from 1 to 3 months with some atmospheric and oceanic anomaly indices recorded over the Indian and Pacific oceans. .
Debortoli, Dos Santos Nathan. "Régime des pluies et déforestation en Amazonie Méridionale." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 2, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00904471.
Full textFerry, Luc. "Contribution à l'étude des régimes hydrologiques de l'île de Tahiti." Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA112415.
Full textThe first synthesis of hydro-meteorogical data for a Tahiti island appears to be like that of classical hydrological monographs. Observations made by the National Meteorology office, the Equipement office and ORSTOM, are critized and interpreted Homogeneity seen over 15 years (1968/69 to 1982/83) of rainfull observations has defined 10 homogeneous zones. Statical analyses of annual rainfall have resulted in the mapping of interannual and decennal isohyetes. The evolution of the rainfall over the year show the periodicity of depressional episodes. The last 35 years have been marked an alternating sequence of dry and rainy years. Flow studies (minimum water levels, monthly and annual flows) show clearly the influence of valley exposure on the surface runoff. Components of the water balance are suggested (flows between 1 000 and 2 500 mm - with coefficients of flow reaching 80 %). Particular study is given to the abondance of rain (greater than 10 m/year, 1 000 mm/day and 1 500 mm/2 days) and high flows (30-80 m3/s/km2 for basins of appromaxitely 1 km2 and for high flows with 15 m3/s/km2 for basins of 20 to 80 km2) Particular mention is given to the exceptional tropical storm years of 1982/83
Miniscloux, Fabien. "Précipitations orographiques et convectives en région Cévennes-Vivarais : validation de simmulations numériques par des données pluviométriques et radar." Grenoble INPG, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001INPG0140.
Full textDechemi, Noureddine. "Contribution à l'étude agrométéorologique de la région d'Alger (Algérie)." Toulouse, INPT, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989INPT029H.
Full textṬayara, Zubayda. "Etude hydro-pluviométrique comparative des bassins versants de la région côtière intermédiaire du Liban (le Damour, l'Awali-Bisri, le Saï̈niq et le Zahrani)." Lille 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LIL10127.
Full textThis study is in assessment of the daily, monthly and annual water resources available over a period oftime randing between 8 and 21 years in the catchment areas of the damour, the awali-bisri, the sainiq and the zahrani (lebanon). The working of these essentially limestone catchments show great similarities because of the rainfall regime aval of the hydrodynamic caracteristics of superficial deposits. The statistical analysis of dischages and precipitations series : as well as the study of the variables that make up the river regime (i-e mean annual flow, seasonal irregularity and specific dischrges) throw light on the connection between flow and precipitation. This study also tries to rechon the variabilities of enter (liquid precipitation). The water storage capacity and the surface transfers : upstream, streamflow as well as stormflow
Hreiche, Antoine. "Modélisation conceptuelle de la transformation pluie-débit dans le contexte méditerranéen." Montpellier 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON20081.
Full textThao, Nguyen Thi Phuong. "Analyse statistique et analyse spatiale des valeurs extrêmes de précipitation : application de cette méthode pour cartographie des caractéristiques pluviométriques de la région Cévennes-Vivarais." Grenoble INPG, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPG0034.
Full textNeppel, Luc. "Le risque pluvial en région Languedoc-Roussillon : caractérisation de l'aléa climatique." Montpellier 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON20144.
Full textGouze, Jean-Claude. "Étude statistique des précipitations sur la région toulousaine et l'Aveyron et application de processus de transformation pluie-débit à la prévision des crues sur l'Aveyron." Toulouse, INPT, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990INPT027H.
Full textMonerie, Paul-Arthur. "Le changement climatique en région de mousson africaine : évolution des champs pluviométriques et atmosphériques dans les simulations CMIP3 et CMIP5 sous scénario A1B et rcp45 (1960-1999, 2031-2070)." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00955371.
Full textBoyard-Micheau, Joseph. "Prévisibilité potentielle des variables climatiques à impact agricole en Afrique de l'Est et application au sorgho dans la région du mont Kenya." Thesis, Dijon, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013DIJOS075/document.
Full textIn Southern countries with rural low income populations, the vulnerability of rainfed agriculture to rainfall variability requires effective solutions to mitigate the effects of climatic hazards on crops. Predicting the characteristics of rainy seasons some time before they start should help the establishment of agricultural adaptation strategies to rainfall hazards. This is the objective of the present study, focused on East Africa (Kenya and northern Tanzania), and divided in three parts:- Define and document intra-seasonal descriptors (ISD) that will be considered in the predictability study. A new methodological approach has been developed in order to define the onset date (ORS) and the cessation date (CRS) of the rainy seasons at the regional level. Based on a multivariate analysis, it eliminates the subjective choice of rainfall thresholds imposed by the definitions commonly used in agroclimatology. An analysis of spatial coherence at interannual time-scale shows that for the two rainy seasons ("long rains" and "short rains"), the seasonal amount and the number of rainy days have a high spatial coherence, while it is medium for the onset and cessation dates and low for the average daily rainfall intensity.- Analyze the predictability of the ISD at both regional and local scales based on numerical simulations from the global climate model ECHAM 4.5. Daily precipitation simulated by the model, even after bias correction, do not correctly capture the IDS interannual variability. A specification of the ORS and CRS variability using statistical models applied to observed climate indices, suggests quite a low predictability of the descriptors at the local (regional) scale, regardless of the season. The development of statistical-dynamical models from wind fields simulated by ECHAM 4.5, in experiments forced by either observed or predicted sea temperatures, also shows quite poor skills locally and regionally.- Explore how the space-time variability of climatic and environmental factors modulate the variations of sorghum yields. Crop yields are simulated by the agronomic model SARRA-H using observed climate data (1973-2001) at three stations located at different elevations along the eastern slopes of Mt Kenya. The seasonal rainfall accumulation and the duration of the season account for a large part of the yields variability. Other rainfall variables also play a significant role, among which the number of rainy days, the average daily intensity and some ISD related to the temporal organization of rainfall within the season. The influence of other meteorological variables is only found during the long rains, in the form of a negative correlation between yields and both maximum temperature and global radiation. Sowing dates seem to play a role in modulating yields for high and medium altitude stations, but with notable differences between the two rainy seasons
Michot, Véronique. "Analyse spatiale et temporelle de la variabilité des régimes de précipitations dans le bassin amazonien." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN20050/document.
Full textPrecipitations are the main seasonal climate marker between the tropics and largely determine surface hydrolosy as well as many anthropogenic activities. The Amazon Basin is characterized by various regional rainfall patterns, whose spatial and temporal variability is high. Numerous studies have shown that this variability is related to large scale external forcing, such as sea surface temperatures. The analysis of precipitation in this region is generally related to trends or extreme of rainfall. However, the detection of similar years associated with regional sub-regimes and the analysis of their links with a specific ocean-atmosphere configuration has only been fewly addressed until now. The main objective of this thesis is to create a typology of regional precipitation sub-régimes in the Amazon Basin and to link them to ocean-atmosphere areas able to partly explain them. For that purpose data from 205 raingauges in 5 countries of the Amazon Basin were selected and submitted to a series of statistical tests and reconstruction. Outgoing longwave radiation, specific humidity, sea surface temperature, as well as satellite data (TRMM 3B42 version 7) were also used with the aim of improving the understanding of the spatial rainfall variability.Within each of the seven Amazon regions identified in this work, two to four precipitation sub-regimes were detected. Among the twenty six sub-regimes, twenty are associated with specific humidity and sea surface temperature anomalies. The precipitation sub-regimes of the northern half and the westernmost Andes of the Amazon Basin are most closely related to oceanic anomalies. Moreover, as previously described in the literature, reduction or surplus of rain often correspond to El Niño or La Niña phases, but this thesis also highlights the important role of the Atlantic, more specifically the southern part, on the move of the ITZC and on specific humidity. This work also stresses the link between the temporality of ocean events anomalies and rainfall anomalies.The TRMM 3B42 v7 product allows to enhance the analysis of the spatial variability of rainfall at the intra-regional scale of the North region of the Amazon Basin and to relativize the spatial coherence of its precipitation sub-regimes
Ricard, Didier. "Initialisation et assimilation de données à méso-échelle pour la prévision à haute résolution des pluies intenses de la région Cévennes-Vivarais." Toulouse 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU30119.
Full textHeavy rainfall events occur frequently over South-East of France, they are often produced by quasi-stationary convective mesoscale systems and they may cause devastating flash floods. The aims of this thesis are to improve the understanding and forescasting of these systems using high resolution simulations performed with the non-hydrostatic research model MESO-NH. First, the benefit of mesoscale data for the generation of the initial state of the simulations is shown. These data include surface observations from the mesonet of Météo-France and radar reflectivities from the ARAMIS network combined with infrared brightness temperature from METEOSAT. .
Le, Bihan Guillaume. "Modèles hydrologiques régionaux pour la prévision distribuée des crues rapides : vers une estimation des impacts et des dommages potentiels." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ECDN0011/document.
Full textWith the development of rainfall measurements at highspatial and temporal resolutions, the use of distributed hydrometeorological models is now considered to forecast flash floods on small and ungauged catchment areas. Current flashflood monitoring systems generally enable a real-time assessment of the potential flash-flood magnitudes. However they do not assess the potential impacts of flash-flood, which highly depends on the catchment areas configuration and on the importance of potentially affected assets. The purpose of this PhD research work was to develop and test a method which can be used to directly estimate the impacts of flash-floods, based on the outputs of a distributed rainfall-run off model. The approach is based on a prior analysis of the study area in order to assess the potential impact of different discharge levels on the flooded areas and to identify from geography database the associated buildings at risk. The aim is to build impact models on specific river reaches, using discharge versus impact graphs. The use of these impact models combined with a rainfall-run off model, has enabled us to compute maps of potential impacts, based on real time assessment of flood events updated every 15 minutes. This method was evaluated on two case studies looking at the accuracy and relevance of estimated impacts for each event – and comparing the outcomes to insurance losses data. This research work has helped to confirm the efficiency of this new combined method, which may become a useful tool to forecast large-scale effects of local impacts of flash-floods
Nedjahi, Abdellah. "La cedraie de chrea (atlas Blidéen) : Phénologie, productivité, régénération." Nancy 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NAN10196.
Full textGodart, Angelique. "Les précipitations orographiques organisées en bandes dans la région Cévennes-Vivarais. Caractérisation et contribution au régime pluviométrique." Phd thesis, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00431254.
Full text