Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Regenerative urban design'

“At the same time that we must respond to climate change and rising energy costs, we must also adjust our housing stock to fit a changing demographic and find more frugal form of prosperity. Such a transformation will require deep change, not just in energy sources, technology, and conservation measures but also in urban design, culture and lifestyles. More than just deploying green technologies and adjusting our thermostats, it will involve rethinking the way we live and the underlying form of our communities.” (Calthorpe, 2011) Our cities are built dependent on centralized systems of water and waste management, food and energy production. This practice has proven efficient for a while; nonetheless as our cities expand with immense speed and population increases, severe issues of food access, waste accumulation, floods, water contamination and increased energy demand reveal the obsolescence of those systems. The solution does not lie anymore only in conservation and precautionary measures but in a diverse way of thinking and redesigning existing infrastructures. Through this thesis, several systems of urban agriculture, decentralized water management and treatment, as well as energy production from waste were identified and studied through literature and actual case studies. The ultimate goal of the research was to create a toolkit for urban regenerative environments, which will be used to introduce those systems to designers. The key component of the toolkit is the quantitative link between the spatial demands of each system and its efficiency.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Cities are at the core of current environmental problems and, conversely, may host the solutions for them. They are the defining ecological phenomenon of the twenty-first century. Natural patterns and processes within cities might be a means toward an ecological regeneration of their bioregions through a symbiotic relationship between them. In this context, design has a great potential to reshape cities, transforming them for improved living conditions and balanced ecological systems. Considering buildings and landscapes as reciprocal entities within a system is a great opportunity for design innovation and increased performance with an active engagement between people and nature. By assuming the ecosystem services approach as a reference for highest ecological performance when multiple ecosystem services are provided within a system, this dissertation proposes an urban ecosystem services framework and the concept of service providing design for assessing architecture and landscape architecture. This framework is the basis to analyze three rating systems that are the most relevant standards for sustainable and regenerative design of architecture and landscape architecture, being the Living Building Challenge â , LEED â , and Sustainable SITES Initiative â . Furthermore, two architecture and landscape architecture certified and high-performance projects are analyzed. Based on the analysis, other ecosystem services beyond those proposed in the framework are identified, being renewable energy sources and active living. Some ecosystem services considered are not required by the rating systems, and not provided by the projects, being medicinal resources, pollination, and spiritual experience. Although required, food production is not provided in the projects studied due to a scale issue as they are located in densely occupied urban sites. Moreover, SITES is currently more related to ecosystem services than LEED, which suggests that the ecosystem services framework has a great potential as a tool to explore the relationship of building design criteria and natural systems and cycles. Although most ecosystem services are identified as provided by the two assessed projects, their performance suggests that they are not yet fully integrated to the natural ecosystem. This fact corroborates to the necessary next step for defining the Urban Ecosystem Services Framework in a quantitative approach with a hierarchical organization of the ecosystem services. Rigorously addressing the ecosystem services approach in LEED, SITES, and other rating systems will help integrate ecological regeneration processes in architecture, landscape architecture, and cities.

Denna uppsats har skapats för att agera underlag vid framtagandet av en strukturskiss över fastigheten Nya Jägersro i Malmö. Uppsatsen syftar till att skapa ett planeringskoncept som kombinerar social och ekologisk hållbarhet genom att ta hänsyn till platsens specifika egenskaper. Både kommunen och fastighetsägaren, de två mest inflytelserika aktörerna för fastigheten, lägger stort fokus på hållbar utveckling. Uppsatsens frågeställningar baseras i två problematiker. Den första är fastighetsägarens separation av hållbarhetsaspekter som genom resonemanget om att hållbarhet skapas genom interaktioner mellan hållbarhetsaspekter kan bli problematisk. Den andra är hur Nya Jägersro som plats påverkas av ideal om förtätning i syfte att bygga hållbart. För att adressera dessa problem är uppsatsens syfte att ta fram ett planeringskoncept som kombinerar social och ekologisk hållbarhet och som tar hänsyn till platsens specifika egenskaper. Det teoretiska ramverket består av tre teorier som behandlar hållbar platsspecifik planering och design för att utveckla hållbara städer. De metoder av datainsamling som har använts är platsläsning, litteraturstudier och semistrukturerade intervjuer. Planeringskonceptet som slutligen presenteras benämns som JägersGro, vilket sammanfaller i flera avseenden med SMT:s och Malmö Stads agendor, men avviker delvis i vissa aspekter. Den största avvikande faktorn i relation till SMT är att JägersGro utgår från att hållbarhet utgörs av kombinationen mellan olika hållbarhetssystem. Ytterligare en avvikande faktor från båda aktörerna är att JägersGro förespråkar idén om att människans påverkan på de naturliga systemen inte enbart bör reduceras. Istället anses hållbara stadsdelar behöva vara med i återskapande processer för att kunna fungera i ett balanserat kretslopp med naturen.
This thesis has been created to act as a basis for the preparation of a structural sketch of the property Nya Jägersro in Malmö. The thesis aims to create a planning concept that combines social and ecological sustainability by taking into account the specific characteristics of the site. Both the municipality and the property owner, the two most influential stakeholders, place great focus on sustainable development. The thesis examines two problems. The first is the property owner's separation of sustainability aspects, which through the reasoning that sustainability is created through interactions between different sustainability aspects can become problematic. The second is how Nya Jägersro as a place is affected by ideals of densification in order to build sustainably. To address these problems the purpose of the thesis is to develop a planning concept that combines social and ecological sustainability by taking into account the specific characteristics of the site. The theoretical framework consists of three theories that deal with sustainable site-specific planning and design for developing sustainable cities. The methods of data collection that have been used are site reading, literature studies and semi-structured interviews. The planning concept that is finally presented is referred to as JägersGro, which coincides in several respects with SMT's and Malmö Stad's agendas, but also deviates in some aspects. The biggest deviating factor in relation to SMT is that JägersGro assumes that sustainability consists of the combination of different sustainability systems. Another deviating factor from both actors is that JägersGro advocates the idea that the human impact on the natural systems should not only be reduced. Instead, sustainable districts are considered to be involved in regenerative processes in order to function in a balanced cycle with nature.

This dissertation utilizes a case study of Maboneng in Johannesburg central business district (CBD) to make a case for culture-led urban regeneration in South Africa. The City of Johannesburg is still to a large extent locked into Apartheid-era spatial planning whereby most neighbourhoods' reflect the Group Areas Act's racial profiles of the past. Given this historical context, a more nuanced approach to culture-led regeneration is required in assessing the complexity of urban regeneration in South Africa. This dissertation analyses to what extend Maboneng has undergone a process of culture-led urban regeneration, examining the transformation in terms of social, physical and economic outcomes. It also seeks to uncover to what extend the case of Maboneng aligns with global literature- and to what extent it departs? Chapter 2 introduces the research method, which is case study based, and relies on Propertuity company data for the purposes of this paper, which is outlined as a gap that could be addressed in a future study of the area. Chapter 3 defines culture-led urban regeneration and focuses on a literature review, with Florida's (2002) creative class theory at the core of the discussion around urban regeneration, which is critiqued by Peck (2007) who believes it leads to further prioritization of the middle class at the expense of the poor. Moulaert, Demuynck & Nussbaumer (2004) suggest a nuanced perspective to culture-led urban regeneration that adopts a socially-rooted view which values the multi dimensional role of culture in urban development. The case of Maboneng uses this nuanced perspective from the literature as a framework to categorise the data in chapter 4, and analyse the data in chapter 5, using the three dimensions of urban regeneration (namely social, physical and economic transformation) in order to assess the culture-led urban regeneration in Maboneng. The findings highlight that Maboneng is socially-rooted in its approach to both the social and economic transformations that are occurring in the neighborhood with success in the establishment of a mixed-race neighbourhood that is reflective of the City of Johannesburg racial profiles, as well as the establishment of a local economy. It is argued that more could be done to ensure the physical dimensions and aesthetics of place that are less 'curated' by the property developer and more focused on cocreation of aesthetics.

Taking as a starting point the theory and concept of Landscape Urbanism, this thesis project explores an alternative solution for the regeneration of old industrial areas using a case study: the design of Slakthusområdet in Stockholm. The project focuses on how to use landscape as a medium to transform Slakthusområdet into a sustainable, attractive, and people friendly area. And at the same time integrate it into a wider urban context. It covers two aspects: First, the integration of the site in the surrounding green network. Second, the regeneration of the green infrastructure inside of the site that could add ecological and social values to the site.

Thesis (M. L. A.)--University of Hong Kong, 2009.
Includes special report study entitled: Landscape-in-process : integrating phytoremediation into landscape design process. Includes bibliographical references. Also available in print.

The city of Cairo, like many other historic cities, experienced a break in the continuum of its traditional urban pattern due to the modernisation project. The break was not only limited to the physical pattern but to social and economic activities. The swing of emphasis from the historic area to the modern quarters left the city peripheral to administrative and economic activities, augmenting urban and sociocultural decay. This study analyses these changes and forwards an argument that there is a strong need to conserve the human scale, individuality, richness and diversity of the historic city of Cairo and integrate it into the modern metropolis as a living and vigorous entity. The objective is to reconcile the old with the new through the perpetuation of culture. In this study, culture is considered as a vehicle to generate the need for conservation and regeneration of the old area, while at the same time maintaining a context for both continuity and diversity in the traditional urban fabric. In doing so, the study examines the historical and cultural urban processes that shaped the traditional city, focusing on the complex interaction between social and physical entities. The study then considers the current dimension, where tourism and small-scale manufacturing have enabled the historic city to reposition itself as the most powerful secondary economic base in the metropolis, drawing on the legacy of its urban heritage. The study argues that by learning from the past that created unity in the built environment, the future of the city could be shaped: balancing the conservation of its cultural heritage and the promotion of sustainable development to suit contemporary needs.

The contribution to knowledge of this thesis is to suggest the potential of urban design through an integrated linkage between the social role of urban design and community engagement in urban regeneration as a response of the advocacy of participative urban design approach and the academic debate of community engagement. This thesis explores the social dimension of urban design in urban regeneration with the contexts of urban policies in England and South Korea. The thesis progresses a detailed empirical investigation of urban design in both countries’ urban regeneration practices, principally Scotswood and Walker Riverside in Newcastle upon Tyne, UK and Singil in Seoul, South Korea. It illustrates that urban design plays various roles in urban regeneration in physical and social aspects, concerning improving physical environments, local resident’s liveability, and tackling social problems. It also identifies challenges for urban design in urban regeneration in relation to various tensions in the practice of urban regeneration. How local communities are engaged in the wider process of urban regeneration practices is illustrated in this thesis. The exploration of urban regeneration practices explains the mechanisms for identifying community views in relation to urban design. It identifies factors affecting community engagement and channels for community engagement in the process of urban design in urban regeneration and underlines community engagement in the management of end-products of urban design. The thesis concludes with a discussion about the social dimension and the potentials of urban design in urban regeneration. It highlights that urban design plays a role in community engagement, as a means of engendering community engagement in urban regeneration. It discusses the potential of urban design as a process of integration, as a responsible process to the social consequences of urban regeneration, and as proactive actions for the delivery of better urban design and as reactive actions for the iii management of the built environment. It also recommends actions in the process of urban design for local communities in Korean urban regeneration practices. Overall, this thesis highlights that there is a need to be a shift in the perspectives of urban design in urban regeneration towards urban design as a collaborative and an ongoing process of making better places, concerning not only improving existing urban environment and the quality of life for users, but also the management of the built environments the legacy of urban regeneration.

In recent years, public art has evolved to take a central role in urban regeneration in public places and, more recently, has been integrated into city branding. Published research and selected reports revealed that public art frequently opens up sensitive issues like social acceptance, ownership and cultural relevance, and showed that a participation-based approach can be used to address these issues. The literature review confirmed the main issues and the need for a theoretical platform to support future practice. The researcher has been a professional practitioner in the field for many years and was aware of the gap between contemporary practice and academic underpinning, resulting in divergent practices with unpredictable outcomes. Key elements found in the secondary research and overlaid with the fieldwork experience of the researcher were combined to create an analytical tool to analyse 46 practical cases of public art and design. This revealed five invitation elements [triggers to induce participation] which were found to be connected to four participation elements [patterns of participation]. A first conceptual model was formulated to investigate the interactions and transformation processes between these invitation and participation elements. The model was further developed and its validity was tested through two distinctive action-based research projects in which the researcher played a leading role. The projects confirmed the validity of the transformation process in the model and emergent pragmatic value. Expert interviews confirmed the validity of the model and understanding of how it may become sustainable, resulting in a toolkit for implementation to engender debate in the academic and practitioner community. The final theoretical model offers new thinking for leading public art and design practitioners and related stakeholders, to achieve consistent add-value.

Our cities are plagued by "lost spaces," left over as a result of the modern movement and extensive mobility routes. These spaces result in negative areas of the city, and are associated with vagrants, pollution and crime, rendering the area and its surroundings unsafe and undesirable. This dissertation shows how, by means of acknowledging, considering and reprogramming space these areas can be reconsidered to be positive places The aim of this dissertation is to address the architectural problem of neglected space and show how, through revitalisation and insertion of functions and programs which respond to site, historical context and culture, the inherent potential of a space can be unveiled. The design and research develops a theoretically informed and sustainable approach to regenerating"lost space" and convert it into a positive architectural experience of place.

Efficient and effective urban guidance for regeneration areas coupled with quality design, are recognised to make a positive effect on social wellbeing of communities. Unfortunately, the Libyan urban planning system and urban regeneration suffer from inefficiency and ineffectiveness. The aim of this study is to improve the existing urban regeneration practice in Libya and to respond to the lack of urban design guidance in regeneration projects. This study proposes urban design guidance that achieves this aim by providing a new, authentic approach to rehabilitate deprived areas in Benghazi, Libya. The methodology followed adopts the use of the Typo-Morphological approach, coupled with the Libyan/Islamic socio-cultural norms as roots and measures to deliver genuine solutions for the rehabilitation process. This methodology is utilised by studying three distinct neighbourhoods in Benghazi, Libya. The analytical framework is based on six elements of urban forms that are socially defined. The outcome of this study is the urban design guidance which is easy to use, reliable, genuine, and tackles the communities' social-cultural needs. This guidance is proposed to the Libyan urban planning authorities to enhance a better quality of life and more sustainable building environment in Benghazi, Libya. This guidance is the key contribution of the thesis. In addition to the main outcome, the thesis provides several theoretical and practical contributions. To the best of the author's knowledge, this study is the first one to apply typo-morphology approach in Libyan urban design. Also, it is the first to link Libyan/Islamic socio-cultural norms with the urban form of Benghazi, Libya. Practically, six analytical elements and various tools are produced by the applied typo-morphological categorisation that represents a systematic analytical framework. Moreover, the author has originated the social block analytical element, and analytical tools such as measures of public open spaces configuration, and housing privacy and walls permeability. Also, the author has further developed other elements and tools that were originated by other scholars to suit the Libyan context.

A partir da segunda metade do século XX, o futebol consolidou-se como um importante ramo da indústria do entretenimento no Brasil e assim sendo, deflagrou a necessidade de se projetar novos estádios, mais eficientes especialmente no que tange os processos de requalificação do seu entorno construído. O crescimento desordenado das cidades brasileiras a partir das décadas de 1960 e 1970, conjugado ao desenvolvimento da indústria do futebol expuseram a incapacidade dos grandes estádios brasileiros, construídos na sua maioria em concreto armado durante o regime militar, de se tornarem peças centrais em processos de regeneração urbana e nem mesmo de acomodar com qualidade seus espectadores. Portanto, o presente trabalho visa reavaliar o arquétipo do estádio de futebol contemporâneo verificando a presença de estratégias projetuais que permitam a estes edifícios tornarem-se qualificadores do espaço construído, especialmente neste momento em que o país será sede de mega eventos esportivos, como a Copa do Mundo e os jogos olímpicos. Além disto, a organização destas competições, juntamente com a consolidação da industria esportiva nacional, deve ser compreendida como uma possibilidade de desenvolvimento de sistemas de infraestrutura urbana e políticas sociais que contribuam para a regeneração de áreas urbanas subutilizadas. Sendo assim, o presente resumo sintetiza os resultados obtidos com a dissertação de mestrado intitulada: O estádio contemporâneo: uma arquitetura regeneradora do seu tecido urbano. Inicialmente, o trabalho foi desenvolvido a partir de pesquisa bibliográfica em periódicos internacionais, como: European Urban Studies, Urban Environment, Built Environment, Town Planning Review, Annals of Regional Science, Economic Development Quarterly, Urban Studies, Tourism Management, Journal of Sport Management, Leisure Studies, World Leisure and Recreation Studies, Journal of Urban Affairs, Sb Magazine. Posteriormente, a metodologia aplicada a pesquisa utilizou-se da análise de estudos de caso, que apontaram os aspectos arquitetônicos que contribuíram para que os edifícios analisados tornassem-se regeneradores, e não desagregadores de seu contexto urbano. Portanto, o estudo concentrou-se na análise dos estádios de futebol contemporâneos, construídos como sedes de competições internacionais, a partir da compreensão das estratégias projetuais presentes nestes edifícios propostos como requalificadores de seu contexto urbano. Os resultados obtidos pelo estudo indicaram que as tendências arquitetônicas apresentadas pelos estádios contemporâneos são consequências de transformações morfológicas ocorridas durante o século XX que incorporaram ao edifício novas tecnologias e sistemas construtivos que reafirmam a sua função enquanto regeneradores de tecidos degradados. A necessária ligação ente o estádio e o seu contexto urbano demanda que estes sejam concebidos conjugadamente com sistemas de infraestrutura, possibilitado ao edifício estar inserido na malha consolidada de grandes cidades, uma condição fundamental para que estes equipamentos consolidem-se enquanto pontos focais de sua estrutura espacial. Desta forma, o estudo dos estádios contemporâneos, sedes de grandes eventos esportivos, possibilitou identificar as diretrizes de projeto e planejamento que possibilitam repensar esta tipologia arquitetônica, propondo uma integração coerente com a malha consolidada de sua cidade, permitindo assim que o mesmo seja parte integrante de processos de regeneração urbana
Brazil, has been well known worldwide for its deep relation with soccer as its national sport. Through the last century this sport modality has become a strong branch of the entertainment industry and it has brought with it the need of more efficient stadia specially regarding the urban regeneration aspect. The massive growth of Brazilian cities during the 60\'s and 70\'s and the development of soccer industry in the last decades have exposed the incapability of Brazilian\'s huge concrete bowls built for soccer practice during the military regime to function as catalysts of urban change nor to accommodate fans. Clearly there is a great need of reviewing the archetypal of Brazilian stadia since the country will be the next host of the two greatest contemporary mega-events: the World Cup and the Summer Olympics. Furthermore, hosting this mega-events and the settlement of its sports industry can be understood as a possibility to develop urban infrastructure systems and social policies contributing for the regeneration of underdeveloped urban areas. Therefore, this abstract summarizes the results obtained with the dissertation entitled: The contemporary stadium: an urban regeneration architecture. Initially, the work was developed from a bibliographical research in international journals such as: European Urban Studies, Urban Environment, Built Environment, Town Planning Review, Annals of Regional Science, Economic Development Quarterly, Urban Studies, Tourism Management, Journal of Sport Management, Leisure Studies, World Leisure and Recreation Studies, Journal of Urban Affairs, Sb Magazine. This research focus on the analysis of the contemporary stadia built for mega-events starting from the comprehension of the design strategies proposed by these buildings which expect to become the centerpieces of a process of urban renewal. The research understands that the design trends proposed by contemporary stadia is a consequence of a set of architectural morphological transformations occurred during the 20th century, which incorporated new technologies and building systems to its conception, confirming a new function to this typology of building also responsible for the urban regeneration of parts of the city. The connection between the stadium and its surroundings suggests that this buildings must be designed together with infrastructure systems, which allow these great sports buildings to be placed near the city centre, a fundamental condition for these facilities to achieve the status of architectonic monument. Therefore, the systems of mass transportation are a key element on the stadia proposal, especially in the cases where these building will be venues of important sports events such as the summer Olympics or the World Cup. A critical analysis of contemporary stadia will identify the relation between this buildings and its host cities, using the mass transportation systems planned for mega-evens since Atlanta 1996 as an object of the study as well as the architectonic aspects that contribute for the stadium to boost the regeneration process instead of becoming a burden to the host city.

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Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa
Among the many urban consequences caused by the process of global economic restructuring, there is the emergence of large idle areas in cities and urban sectors whose growth had once been supported by the manufacturing industry. These are called areas of demand for industrial conversion or positive restructuring. The territory of the Fourth District of Porto Alegre, the object of the research study, is inserted in this context and problem set, offering many opportunities for new urban projects as a tool for territorial regeneration of degraded or transforming land. The urbanization process, which is currently characterized by the ability to put parts of the city in motion, has the challenge of dealing with existing city, without denying it. Similarly, society enters the twenty-first century with a strong concern for environmental preservation and recycling of resources, demanding the transformation and recovery of environments, such as industrial ones, through sustainable development. Thus, the paper focuses on aspects of the factors present in the origin of these places, their impacts on the land, the possibilities within the productive restructuring and urban regeneration of traditionally industrial areas, their new formats in the contemporary city - amongst them, the urban clusters, new fields of architecture and urban design facing society and the contemporary cities, sustainable development and condensing the city through the (re) densification of such territories, and finally focuses on the analysis and diagnosis of the context and potential of the IV District. The paper seeks to illustrate the theoretical discussion with relevant project experience.
Entre as inúmeras conseqüências urbanas provocadas pelo processo de reestruturação econômica global, destaca-se o surgimento de grandes áreas ociosas nas cidades e setores urbanos cujo crescimento havia se amparado na indústria de transformação. São as chamadas áreas de demanda por reconversão industrial ou reestruturação produtiva. É nesse contexto que está inserido o território do IV Distrito de Porto Alegre, objeto de estudo da pesquisa, e, nessa problemática, encontram-se muitas das oportunidades oferecidas aos novos projetos urbanos, enquanto instrumentos de regeneração territorial de áreas produtivas deterioradas ou em transformação - o processo urbanístico, que atualmente caracteriza-se pela capacidade de colocar trechos da cidade em movimento, tem o desafio de enfrentar a cidade existente, sem negá-la. Paralelamente, a sociedade adentra o século XXI com a forte preocupação da preservação ambiental e da reciclagem dos recursos disponíveis, fazendo com que a transformação e a recuperação de ambientes, como os industriais, coloquem-se dentro dessa nova demanda através do desenvolvimento sustentável. Sendo assim, o trabalho aborda aspectos acerca dos fatores presentes na origem desses lugares, de seus impactos no território, das possibilidades existentes na reestruturação produtiva e na regeneração urbana de zonas tradicionalmente industriais, de seus novos formatos na cidade contemporânea - entre eles, os clusters urbanos, dos novos campos de ação da arquitetura e do projeto urbano frente à sociedade e às cidades contemporâneas, do desenvolvimento sustentado e da promoção da cidade compacta através da (re)densificação desses territórios, e por fim, concentra-se na análise e no diagnóstico do contexto e das potencialidades do IV Distrito, sempre buscando ilustrar a discussão teórica com experiências projetuais relevantes que colaborem com o esclarecimento das questões encontradas na região em estudo e que inspirem alternativas para sua reversão.

In my thesis I look into the case of modernist mass housing estates. They appear as a typological, functional and visual anomaly relative to the traditional urban fabric of European urban centers, as a world of its own or a city inside of a city. How to cope with their current state of decay and social issues associated with often low-income populations is an issue on the rise, thus I examine the current prevailing approaches to interventions, as well as their causes and consequences. I apply the outcomes of my research through design for the case of Norsborg in Botkyrka, a modernist housing estate on the outskirts of Stockholm built during the Milljonprogrammet era. Through my design, I seek to find the underestimated values of the place that enable us to build on them, to raise the bar of quality of the environment from minimal to optimal.

For long, industrial archaeological buildings were perceived as unaesthetic objects abandoned at the core of cities, inhibiting spatial and economic development. Much of the industrial heritage were demolished under the modernization discourses of the governments, and as the effects of urbanization and globalization movements. However, especially after the mid-20th century, the issue of conserving the industrial heritage, which was initiated as a disciplinary movement, caused to a change of the mentality in developed societies, which aimed the demolishment of these buildings. In these societies many developments occurred for conserving the industrial heritage. Today, many nations perceive this heritage as a tool of social, spatial and economic development of cities. On the other hand, Maltepe Gas and Electric Factory, which was listed in 1991, still cannot be regenerated since this date. The main aim of this thesis is to clarify the problems that lie behind the conservation problem of Maltepe Gas and Electric Factory landscape, and to propose solutions for the regeneration of the site. The thesis, also aims to put forth the industrial archaeological history of Ankara, to emphasize the significance of this industrial complex. In doing so, after designationg the industrialization history of the city, industrial-spatial evolution of the Maltepe Gas and Electric Factory had been discussed. Then, after clarifying the problems that threaten the regeneration of the landscape, solutions were seeked from the experiences of post-industrial countries. At the end of the thesis, based on the local context, a solution is proposed for the regeneration of the landscape in the framework of conserving the industrial archaeological heritage.

Cities are highly unequal systems and rapid, top-down development is increasingly causing segregation between people of different socio-economic statuses through gentrification. In response, a bottom-up, more community centred approach is often proposed, yet this method also not without significant issues. In this thesis I investigate the role of the designer as a mediator, facilitator and translator between the top-down and bottom-up approaches to urban development. Using Grønland, Oslo as a case study, I start by gathering high-level research in order to understand the large-scale strategies that the municipality and private developers have for the area. In the second section, I undertake on-the-ground research in order to understand the everyday issues that people who live in, or use, the area face. In the final section I propose a research laboratory and makerspace that can activate the local community, providing the resources in order for everyday people to be able to have a positive impact on their city, in addition to gathering long-term, in-depth research on the area in order to influence the future of Grønland. This thesis is written as a working document that can, and should, be used by a wide range of people, from the municipality to local residents, and is designed to be added to as the project develops.

In brownfield regeneration models, extraction sites are often left out of the question because of degradation, severe contamination, or economic viability and are usually abandoned, after the minimal remediations. These exhaustions not only impact the environment and economy in spatial relations but also influence the growth of the communities cultured by them. With millions of abandoned sites around the globe, there is a demand for building a vision that develops - the ideas of emergence and diversification over time and space, as a base framework for similar towns and communities before they disappear. Underpinning the urgent need and evolving theme of ecologies, 'Reclaiming Kiruna' is an investigation of a vision for a post-exhaustion site of Kiruna mine, which is the world's largest underground mine, by developing landscape ecologies in the present framework that builds and adapts with time and space before the mine gets exhausted. The project reveals the concept of landscape as an amalgamation of production and recreation ecologies, synergizing with the existing potentials of nature, resources, and society. The work focuses on translating the knowns and unknowns of three time periods, synced with proposed plans of the New Kiruna settlement area, through programs of care and thinking that involve, engage, and encourage people (of Kiruna) in redefining the image of Kiruna beyond just a mine. The project unfolds new prospects offered by planned urban transformations, mining systems, and changing climate, which are integrated into building new economies and relations. The project is limited by the uncertainty of the future but attempts to initiate a dialogue in finding new positions as urban designers to contest with the present frameworks in building alternatives of change and novelty, for a sustainable future.

碩士
東海大學
建築學系
106
Abstract Metropolitan Taichung is the regional social, economic, industry core and a premier urban region of middle Taiwan. Since the early 20th century, the city of Taichung has been expanding rapidly in terms of constant reconfiguring its physical and ecological elements. However, Taichung's development process is repeatedly following other fast developing modern cities in the expanse of exploiting built-environmental resources over its resilient physical structure such as, changing waters’ ways, soil and land cover in order to satisfy human expansion needs in the past 100 years. It is resulting in unbalanced ecological condition and poses sustainable threat over urban environmental issues for a liveable Taichung. This thesis aims to provide a multi-facet morphological knowledge useful for future applications on urban design cum environmental performance in Taichung by augmenting conventional study of urban form with concentrated river-based form growth historical framework, ecosystem services and biophilic design principles induced that contextualize the delimitation scope of the study. The thesis formulates a new theoretical framework through which embedded synchronic and diachronic aspects of historical factors and nature-built environmental regeneration principles, that had shaped the urban form can be organized and typo-morphologically revealed in representation. Between the 1890s and the 1900s, Qing Empire and Japanese colonization both had constructed its own planning orders and similarly taking natural elements as their initial reference for morphing city’s spatial structure. Analyzing that structural characteristic, the study inferred based on syncretic urban morphological matrix which induced city’s morphogenesis aspect of structure (developmental configuratio By superimposition and juxtaposition upon current physical developmental patterns through series of mapping techniques, the study suggested a morphological growth pattern, deviates to be resilient. The study also suggests that contemporary Taichung’s built-and natural environmental issues was affected due to the past planning of the “park and boulevard schemes” (also known as the “blue-green path” (綠園道)), which combines waterways, rivers, railroads, railways yards, drainage channels and planned green areas for the introduction of modern urban public area. Such planning ideology was influenced by the 1890s City Beautiful Movement and adopted by the 1910s Japanese urban planning law in land use. This ideology and its shaped morphology is argued, had set a precedent and been followed by an in-depth examination of Japanese colonial Taichung that directly influences the city’s modern development origin in urban form since the 1890s until the present. The morphological study has found that the city's environmental performance in terms of water-based spatial structure was weakened by the ways which urbanized river design and development process of "blue-green path" especially during the city expansion from 1935 to 1956 were morphologically evident for the cause. It resulting from massive changes to urban waters, soil, ecological performance, and emerged that unbalance nature-spatial form relation in urban environment for better living. The study suggested that the blue-green path is detrimental to biological vibes due to disruptive design and development occurred in the past and continue unto urban river system, land form, and intensive building plans. This morphological study shows that urban form pattern changes which align to certain development-centered movement towards blocking diversity, diminishing connectivity for diverse and healthier ecological base, even until today. Therefore, developmental effort of resilient urban form is to re-design a regenerative spatial cum natural structure of the blue-green path, which is deemed crucial for providing environmental performance and ecological services. The study also suggested that urban form in Taichung which can be read and classified under three steps of critical morphogenesis changes: firstly, development phases based on spatial reconfiguration set upon nature elements; secondly, adaptive and alterations to the city’s spatial structural elements for human needs; third underlying reasons on morphological determinant is set in the phases while city form underwent improvement introducing new urban structure affected by and also effecting the city’s environmental performance based on past configurational spatial coordinates and datum references. This study further investigate city’s theoretical framework on regenerative urban design which incorporates historical, contemporary ecosystem performance and some biophilic planning principles before deriving a morphology based urban design framework. In conclusion, an environmentally sustainable Taichung in terms of designing a regenerative urban form is to make an attempt to reshape the “blue-green path” through reviving and enliven city’s waters, soils surrounding them creating cycle system and strong ecology performance in urban form design and development. A regenerative urban form is for creating environmental conditions conducive for life and hence resiliently also more liveable. Keywords: Taichung, urban morphology, urban ecology, ecosystem service, urban waters.

Home environments pose a number of challenges for environmental justice. Healthy homes in healthy neighborhoods are often inaccessible due to socioeconomic factors, environmental racism, and/or environmental gentrification. Publicly funded home repair programs increasingly strive to both improve environmental health conditions and to reduce energy bills for low-income homeowners. Such programs have been intended to stimulate reinvestment in neighborhoods experiencing blight and more recently to reduce gentrification pressure in neighborhoods experiencing rapid reinvestment. While such programs do not represent a silver-bullet solution to the accessibility of healthy housing, the question remains: “What is the potential of low-income home repair programs to serve as a leverage point for environmental justice in urban home environments facing gentrification pressure?” This question is investigated through performance evaluation case studies of three municipally funded, low-income home repair programs in Austin, Texas intended to ameliorate gentrification and advance outcomes related to environmental justice. The findings suggest that as a site of intervention, dialogue, community connection, and resource-mobilization, home repair programs have potential as leverage points in regenerative community development that advances environmental justice performance outcomes. Actors in home environments can increase their performance with the support of the home ecology paradigm (HEP), a synthetic research paradigm that draws from sustainability science, environmental justice, and social learning literature to renew an action research paradigm established by Ellen Swallow Richards in the late 1800s to advance healthy community design and development. Guided by a vision of environmental justice, equipped with tools supporting holistic, multi-scalar systems-thinking and regenerative dialogue assessments, and engaged in a practice of resilient leadership, such actors can more deftly dance with the co-evolving systems of their home environments. In so doing, they increase their potential to directly enhance the material, social, and ecological conditions of life in the present, while also cultivating the capacity of these living systems to adapt resiliently to future disruptions. Furthermore, beyond producing life-enhancing performance outcomes, the HEP also appears to support actors in an engaged praxis that enhances their moment-by-moment experience of life and the vitality of living systems in the present.

Positioned at the metaphysical divide between civilization and wilderness, this thesis investigates the potential for symbiotic relationships among cultural, ecological and industrial systems in an effort to suggest alternative modes for human sustainability. The City of Hamilton, where steel and iron industries continue to scar the landscape, serves as the location for a speculative design intervention. Amongst existing urban structures, a hybrid form of industrial production is proposed to acknowledge society’s reliance on artificial devices. In turn, this hybrid form is integrated with natural ecological processes to demonstrate humanity’s dependence on the natural world. The first chapter positions the thesis within a discourse regarding the boundary between civilization and wilderness and their conventional dichotomy. The thesis is aligned to themes of ecological-artificial hybridization, which include the scientific application of biological metaphors, economic and manufacturing theories of industrial ecology, and architectural and design methodology. Chapter two employs Complex Systems methodology to structure an analysis of Hamilton’s ‘intrinsic’ and ‘extrinsic’ systems. The city is considered within ecological, historical, cultural, industrial and economic contexts, at local and regional scales. Chapter three proposes an urban plan for Hamilton that seeks to regenerate and integrate ecological, cultural and industrial systems. Within the framework of this plan, industrial ecosystems can coexist with public function and ecological infrastructure in close proximity. Though designed for long term application, the plan is intended to provide context for a more detailed and immediate intervention within the scope of the thesis. Chapter four proposes the implementation of a speculative urban design, as a central component of the urban plan. Sited on the Stelco pier, one of the largest and oldest steel producers in Canada, the design would reclaim a pivotal historical and physical location along the Hamilton waterfront. Regeneration of the heavily contaminated industrial site will be initiated with a phased program of remediation and managed ecological succession. The new science of industrial ecology will inform this new development. This approach is based on a shift from ‘open loop’ systems, in which material and energy flows dissipate through processes of waste creation, towards ‘closed loop’ systems in which energy and material are recycled. A new Instrumental Matrix is proposed where decentralized cultural, ecological and industrial systems are interwoven to create diverse and sustainable habitats for wildlife, people and industry.

Ecological and social challenges have tested the ability of conventional land development as a route to a sustainable future. Early sustainability paradigms have been part of the response towards better development practices, but many critics have argued that more needs to be done – to move beyond essentially degenerative sustainability paradigms towards more explicitly regenerative sustainability paradigms. This practicum examines the Canada Lands Company (CLC) development of its CFB Calgary properties (Garrison Woods and Currie Barracks) to explore the progress around sustainability paradigms and to prospect the case for Regenerative Design and Development (RD+D) as a new operative worldview governing CLC’s planning and land development practices. A literature review and a series of focused interviews with key informants were the main research methods, within the context of the case study set, to pursue a series of research questions, culminating with: How – and in what ways, with what rationale – could RD+D be considered an appropriate new worldview for CLC’s next generation of leading-edge-seeking projects? What are its prospects? It was generally concluded that RD+D is a viable, emerging sustainability approach for CLC. More specifically, on the basis of this research, CFB Calgary was assessed as having been developed with what may now be defined as a green approach – implicitly sustainable, in aspiration at least; the next progression on this would involve a more explicit sustainable approach, then restorative, all laying the ground for a potentially regenerative approach. If RD+D had been the operative worldview during inception and execution of CFB Calgary, there would almost certainly have been a very different process and outcome. However, it would probably require a dedicated champion of RD+D, within CLC, for this post-conventional sustainability approach to be seriously considered. The Company’s track record – as an innovative land developer – encourages the view that RD+D could well be a good fit – as a potential next-generation planning and development approach.

Ng Cheuk Man Matt.
"Architecture Department, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Master of Architecture Programme 2002-2004, design report."
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 86-87).
Chapter 1.0 --- behind the city
Chapter 1.1 --- urban change
Chapter 1.2 --- "observation ( specific in Causeway Bay, Hong Kong)"
Chapter 2.0 --- in the city
Chapter 2.1 --- "urban pedestrian movement in everyday (macro understanding of street life) ( specific in Causeway Bay, Hong Kong)"
Chapter 2.2 --- street life (micro understanding of street life)
Chapter 2.3 --- shops (ground floor retails)
Chapter 2.4 --- shops (second & upper floor retails)
Chapter 2.5 --- hidden movement
Chapter 2.6 --- timeless movement
Chapter 3.0 --- will be in the city
Chapter 3.1 --- opportunities
Chapter 3.2 --- design intention
Chapter 3.3 --- proposal
Chapter 3.4 --- design
Chapter 4.0 --- Bibliography
Chapter 5.0 --- Appendix

Wong Chi Kan, Kenneth.
"Architecture Department, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Master of Architecture Programme 2010-2011, design report."
Includes bibliographical references.
In English with some text in Chinese.
Research
Chapter 00 --- Research Structure
Chapter 01 --- Urbanism in Asia
Urban phenonmenon in the past two centuries
Unique Urban phenonmenon in Asia
New Era of Urban Planning in Asia
Chapter 02 --- Urban Waterway Studies
Evolution of role of urban river
Composition of general urban river
Spatial conception of river
Urban waterway in Western Cities
General Embankment Edge condition
General Node condition
Urban Waterway River In Asian Cities
Chapter I. --- "Suzhou Creek, Shanghai 上海蘇州河"
Chapter II. --- "Cheonggyecheon, Seoul 首爾清溪川"
Chapter III. --- "Malacca River, Malacca 馬六甲河"
Background
Programmatic Zoning Analysis
Riverfront interface analysis
Human activities in river precinct
Interview with local professionals and citizens
Commentary
Chapter 03 --- Sharing
Chapter 04 --- Acknowledgement
Chapter 05 --- Special Studies
Special Study
Chapter 00 --- Constructed Wetland
Role of constructed wetland
Composition of constructed wetland
Constructed wetland construction
Chapter 01 --- Urban Sewage Treatment
Conventional sewage treatment flowchart
Biological sewage treatment flowchart
Design
Chapter 00 --- Site Analysis
Location
Layers of infrastructures
Transportation network
Greenery precinct
Water precinct
Cultural precinct
Chapter 01 --- Design Concept (Urban Scale)
Macro urban biotope - Kai Tak River
Sewage treatment flowchart proposal
Green network and riverfront rehabiltation
Chapter 02 --- Design Concept (Architecture Scale)
Micro urban biotope - Eco-cultural hub
Lanscape Layout
Conceptual diagram
Floor plans
Unfolder sectoinal drawings
Sustainble architectural feature
parametric facade design
biological tube structure
Spatial quality
Chapter 03 --- Reference

The systemic relationship between the human entity and its environment, under the constraint of its function, were used as the perfect example to design and create the systemic relationship of an urban regenerative building with its economical, environmental and social context in the Inner City of Pretoria.
Dissertation (MArch (Prof))--University of Pretoria, 2005.
Architecture
unrestricted

Chan John.
"Architecture Department, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Master of Architecture Programme 2007-2008, design report."
Includes bibliographical references (p. 86).
Abstracts in Chinese and English.
Thesis abstract --- p.04
Chapter Chapter 1 -- --- Prologue --- p.05
Chapter Chapter 2 -- --- Research study --- p.12
Chapter Chapter 3 -- --- Thesis design --- p.17
Chapter Chapter 4 -- --- Case study --- p.44
Chapter Chapter 5 -- --- Appendix --- p.85

Shifts in economics, demographics, and lifestyle in America have lead to changes in this country's urban landscape. Rural and urban populations have migrated toward the suburbs and concentrated metro areas, leaving holes in the urban fabric of small and midsized cities. Often these empty spaces become drivers of blight, crime, and discouragement in the community. The goal of the Grow Pods Project is to transform the negative of vacant urban lots into an opportunity for improving health, building community, and encouraging positive growth. As a tool for integrating the food system directly into the urban context, this project addresses the need for innovative solutions to the complex issues of city land use. Grow Pods aim to help communities redirect a trajectory of decline toward a future that is focused on the health and wellbeing of the urban environment and the people who live in it. Transformation and transportability are intrinsic features of the design, in acknowledgement of the necessity for any component of a contemporary city in flux to be dynamic enough to reinvent itself within its evolving context. The Grow Pod project is focused on the South End Neighborhood of Springfield, MA, a city whose population and industrial base has decreased since much of its infrastructure was designed. Located in the fertile Connecticut River Valley, it is also in a region with a rich agricultural history.

碩士
朝陽科技大學
建築及都市設計研究所
95
As city development reached a certain level, the inevitable problems a city will have include urban renewal and differentiation. During the past years, Taoyuan City has expended from the city center to external areas, so the development of the city center has a tendency to be slow, even to the degree that some negative situations occurred, such as obsolete buildings and scenes, causing the living quality of the city center lower and worse. However, Taoyuan train station and Gyeongbok Palace are located at the core of the developing areas in Taoyuan City and also where business in TaoYuan began. They, what is more important, are the door and access to Taoyuan. This research goal is constructs by the metropolis renewal design way constructs the environment which the Taoyuan central area ecology continues forever, constructs the thing and the person line lies between the surface to process and to mold belongs to the local populace''s life field territory and urban morphology, his study was to discuss potential of development of Taoyuang in terms of culture, space, architecture, streets, industries, recreation, site-seeing, and systems by the use of systematic analysis. The results of this study display that the city center of Taoyuan includes characteristics of arts (Municipal Libraries、old streets in Taoyuan city center), historic monuments（Jingfu temple）, industry and resources (department stores、abandoned Yunghe Public Market and Zhongyang Theatre). If these resources can be well-used to process renewal, they can ameliorate not merely quality of environment and can provide infrastructure, but also improve city appearance and traffic, making the land more effectively used. It is beneficial to increase Sustainable City Development and security.

碩士
輔仁大學
景觀設計學系碩士班
102
The idea of sustainable city does not refer to a perfect situation of the ciy, but refer to a city that can adapt itself to the changes brought by time. That is, it takes a long period of time to know whether a city has carrying capacity and resilience.. However, while there is a growing concerns with sustainable development worldwide, the old district in Taichung is facing the crisis of recession and stagnating. Past experience tells us that a city will be unsustainable if urban policies emphasize merely on economic development, ignoring social and environmental needs. For this reason, the present study aims to deal with various issues of urban regeneration in the old district of Taichung according to the principles of sustainability Conventional urban design usually views the city in terms of its administrative district. However, a city is not an isolated entity; rather its operation is woven into a complex system that includes various scales of space. Therefore, a sustainable urban design needs to consider the issuses of a site from the pespectives of various scales. In light of the above discussions of sustainabal city, this study examines the old district in Taichung from three distinct scales, including that of city, neighborhood, and district. Finally, this study chooses a specific district and proposes urban regeneration strategies based on the principles of sustainability.

Urban streets should be functional as both “path” and “place”, but “street as place” has been overlooked in urban design. The purpose of this thesis is to develop design guidelines for improving pedestrians’ experience on urban streets in Toronto. The study site is Gould Street in downtown Toronto. A preliminary study revealed thermal comfort, safety, social interaction and visual experience as key factors influencing pedestrians’ experience on urban streets. Design guidelines were formulated from literature review to address these key factors on Gould Street. These factors also form the framework for site inventories and analyses. The design concept, “Regenerating the river of life of the city”, is implemented by applying the guidelines to three design solutions. These alternatives were compared to identify their strengths and weaknesses related to the guidelines. Conclusions are drawn regarding the applicability of the guidelines, the limitations of the research and possibilities for future studies.

碩士
淡江大學
建築學系碩士班
103
The study proposed the theme "regeneration of mountain towns and harbors" to address the challenge of urban transformation, and explored how both urban hardware and software respond to the renewals and adjustments within the new structure of urban space. The focus of the study is Keelung Harbor. In accordance with the issues under discussion, the study clarified the possibilities at different scales. At the large scale, it clarified the relationship of Keelung Harbor with Taipei metropolitan area. At the medium scale, it observed the industrial transformation of Keelung Harbor and how its resources supported new space in future under the new circumstances. Thereafter, it carried out medium-scale planning and put forward a small-scale design proposal. It proposed a new structure of space experience in the core area of Keelung as the starting point of the urban transformation. The issues that challenge the transformation of the core area of Keelung are as follows: First, Keelung Harbor is located in the edge cities of metropolitan expansion. How should we address the "marginalized" effect brought about by major cities? Second, how should we achieve the transition of Keelung Harbor from a logistic port into a passenger port and take relevant countermeasures? Third, how should we draw close the separation of the port from the city area and form the new space structure of the port and create opportunities by striving for the support of the central government. The "experience structure of Keelung urban space" structured by the characteristics of different scales in the space environment is used to describe the design. By drawing and analyzing the base, the study has made the following suggestions: Firstly, the space between mountains and the sea should be connected; secondly, the intermediary space structure between the mountain and the harbor should be adjusted; thirdly, the path system should be constructed to connect the downtown area to the harbor; and lastly, the main design strategies are proposed as follows: (A). The downtown area near the harbor should serve a major transit station to strengthen the connection between Keelung Harbor and the diverse tourism resources and facilities in hinterland. (B). The city footprints resulting from the transformation of the port’s industrial facilities should be regarded as assets and become the basis of new urban space experience. (C). Create space for urban experience and at the same time focus on the needs of local residents so that the space of mountains and sea in Keelung will become an experience structure shared by both local residents and tourists. Hence, by implementing the design, we expect Keelung to develop into an integrated city with its own features and to play a key role in promoting itself and the surrounding environment.

碩士
東海大學
建築學系
92
This thesis design mainly focuses on the space related issue of the waterfronts in a post-industrial city under the background of globalization and modernization trend, and the revival of a historical space. As a result of the plot of “cultural Love River” guiding program, Kaohsiung has launched series of spatial reform along the downriver bank upward. This paper selects Zong-du industrial zone which is located in the midstream of Love River as the subject of study and design practicing, and strives to seek a sustainable urban reform planning strategy to protest against the original one predominated by mercantilism. The issues are as follows: 1.Under the influence of globalization and the context of a post-industrial city, Kaohsiung , the so-called “The Ocean Capital”, how to manifest its ambitious spatial attempt on the urban planning? By what organism it carries out and what it brings? 2.Instead of taking the original urban planning on this site, criticize it and bring up an idea of sustainable viewpoint to decrease the probable cost. 3.Could a historical space be the corner stone of a new urban contexture? And could it retain citizens’ mutual memories towards the city by the rich intertexture of its surrounding cultural background and its nearby material environment? This thesis quotes the idea of eco-museum to propose a cultural landscape loop planning which is based on local history, culture and ecology surrounding Love River. By the reuse of the factory building on this industrial zone and the transformation of factory image, the design tries to find out a spatial solution for linking local residents and the waterfronts. It also exposes the devastation to the residents’ memories towards their hometown caused by the ongoing destructive space creation under “cultural Love River” plan. Before the publishing of Zong-du industrial zone urban reform planning, this thesis provides a different urban vision from the traditional planning viewpoint. Take account of the local people, history and ecology as the priority for planning guiding, and hope by this way, we could keep the unique natural landscape, particular neighborhood texture and mutual memories of this city.

Chan Hou Chi Carrie.
"Architecture Department, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Master of Architecture Programme 2000-2001, design report."
Includes bibliographical references (p. [195-196]).
prologue --- p.p. 2-3
literature research --- p.p. 5 - 22
urban regeneration in hong kong --- p.p. 6- 10
community participation in planning and design process --- p.p. 11 -20
synopsis --- p.p. 21 - 22
site selection and site analysis --- p.p. 23 - 52
site selection strategies --- p.p. 24
proposed sites --- p.p. 24 - 27
site analysis --- p.p. 28 - 48
project potentials and constraints --- p.p. 49 - 52
program --- p.p. 53 - 62
project brief --- p.p. 54
project mission --- p.p. 55
application of community participation in the project --- p.p. 55 - 62
reference
appendix
interviews

abstract: Place branding by its very nature is a highly selective endeavor. Typically, place branding focuses on highlighting positive aspects of place while discounting others that are deemed less appealing. Whether it pertains to attracting tourism, investment or people, or whether it concerns achieving a level of cultural significance, ultimately place branding impacts physical planning decisions and consequently the built environment. The selectivity entailed in projecting a sellable place image, together with the presence of different interests among the particular place stakeholders, may lead to a divergent dialectic of assertion and resistance over which brand ought to be projected and how it ultimately should be represented. This dynamic, I argue, will have impact on equity, on the issue of authenticity and on representation. Through a historical analysis approach and a case study, this dissertation examines how such a dynamic plays out in the built environment and how it evolves and shapes it over time. Downtown Scottsdale is chosen as a case because it offers an example of a small city downtown in the US West that experienced significant place branding activity in the 1950s and the 1960s. In the 1950s, the City of Scottsdale branded itself as a Western town and the built environment of the downtown area was themed to reflect this image; in the 1960s, the Western brand was challenged and calls for change emerged. Stakeholders and supporters of the Western image and those of the call for change are identified, and the dialectic that ensued is examined and discussed in relation to its impact on the built environment.
Dissertation/Thesis
Doctoral Dissertation Built Environment 2014

PhD Thesis in Territory, Risk and Public Policies, submitted to the Institute for Interdisciplinary Research of the University of Coimbra
The regeneration of urban riverfronts has been consolidated as a trend in the post-industrial world to comprehensively tackle the lack of urbanity in these areas. Yet, many of them are prone to fluvial floods, thus bringing safety issues also to the fore. The demand to redevelop flood-prone areas within urban-regeneration interventions comes across the limits of traditional flood-management initiatives, which aim to eliminate contingencies in the relationships between cities and rivers, while often disregarding the roles of these to improve the quality of the urban realm. Moreover, relying solely on flood-defence strategies may hinder the recognition of floods as a hybrid sociocultural and natural subject, which, paradoxically, may positively account for structuring the urban landscape and the related sense of place. An emergent perspective spearheaded by spatial design – ‘design and floods’ – seeks to deal with floods through a more accommodating framework, which intends to surpass the usual vision of floods only as ‘technical problem’ longing for a ‘technical solution’. Therefore, considering that spatial design may act as a flood-adaptation tool to manage the vulnerability of built structures, what are the possible design stances towards floods that may foster effective adaptation? This research sought to understand how flood risk has been integrated into urban-regeneration projects, trying to grasp baseline conditions, strategies and mechanisms that may contribute to the adaptation of riverine spaces. Following a constructivist standpoint, in which fluvial floods are conceived as a designed condition, a multiple-case study was carried out, comprising three different European flood-prone urban projects: the Polis Programme around the Mondego River (in Coimbra, Portugal), the Scheldt Quays Master Plan (in Antwerp, Belgium) and the Plan Guide Bastide Brazza Nord, a neighbourhood by the Garonne River (in Bordeaux, France). The underlying contexts, design processes and actual outputs of these three cases were reconstituted through the lenses of floods. Despite the uniqueness of each case, our analyses suggest that the ‘design and floods’ approach presupposes handling flood adaptation in a wider sense, focusing not only on cities’ materiality (in their occasional flood experiences) but also on human mentalities. Accordingly, design practices are defied to manage and negotiate at once the physical and the sociocultural dimensions of flood risk, in contexts in which fluctuating conditions and multiple interests abound. Moreover, a process-oriented design perspective seems more attuned with the hybrid character of floods than an outcome-centred one, a condition that engenders an additional challenge for designers since their prevailing disciplinary cultures are often product (object) oriented. Based on these reflections, we propose a scale to measure the intensity of the interactions between safety and urbanity, which goes from ‘tolerating floods’ to ‘accommodating floods’ and finally to the ‘welcoming floods’ stage, thus echoing diversified design stances towards floods. The more positive ‘design with floods’ stance can ultimately be attained when both design and fluvial floods are synergistically blended into a single whole, while problem-solving and sense-making approaches are merged to provide a safe and enriched urban realm, without attempting to eliminate fluvial floods per se, accepted in all their complexity.
A regeneração de frentes urbanas ribeirinhas tem sido consolidada como uma tendência no mundo pós-industrial para abordar de modo abrangente a falta de urbanidade nessas áreas. Contudo, muitas destas são propensas a inundações fluviais, tornando também relevantes questões ligadas à segurança. A demanda atual por reocupar áreas propensas a inundações no âmbito de intervenções de regeneração urbana esbarra-se nos limites das iniciativas tradicionais de gestão das inundações, que buscam eliminar contingências nas relações entre cidades e rios, muitas vezes desconsiderando os papéis que estes podem desempenhar para uma melhor qualidade do ambiente urbano. Ademais, uma confiança excessiva nas estratégias defensivas contra as inundações pode dificultar o reconhecimento destas enquanto fenómenos híbridos (ao mesmo tempo socioculturais e naturais), que paradoxalmente podem contribuir de maneira positiva para a estruturação da paisagem urbana e do sentido de lugar. Uma perspetiva emergente orientada pelo projeto em diferentes escalas – ‘projeto e inundações’ – procura lidar com esse fenômeno de modo mais integrado, pretendendo ultrapassar a visão usual das inundações apenas como um ‘problema técnico’ requerendo uma ‘solução técnica’. Assim, considerando que o projeto pode funcionar como um meio de adaptação às inundações na gestão da vulnerabilidade das estruturas construídas, quais as possíveis posturas projetuais frente às inundações que podem promover uma adaptação efetiva? Esta pesquisa procurou entender como o risco de inundação tem sido integrado em projetos de regeneração urbana, tentando abarcar condições, estratégias e mecanismos de base que possam contribuir para a adaptação de espaços ribeirinhos. Seguindo o paradigma construtivista, no qual as inundações fluviais são entendidas como uma condição preconcebida, realizámos um estudo de casos múltiplos, composto por três projetos urbanos europeus suscetíveis a inundações fluviais: o Programa Polis em torno do Rio Mondego (em Coimbra, Portugal), o master plan para o cais ao longo do Rio Escalda (em Antuérpia, Bélgica) e o plan guide para Bastide Brazza Nord, um bairro margeando o Rio Garona (em Bordéus, França). Os contextos, processos projetuais e produtos efetivos dos três casos foram reconstituídos sob o prisma das inundações. Apesar da singularidade de cada caso, nossas análises sugerem que uma abordagem de ‘projeto e inundações’ deve considerar a adaptação às inundações num sentido mais amplo, concentrando-se não apenas na materialidade das cidades que vivenciam inundações ocasionalmente, mas também nas mentalidades humanas. Assim, as práticas projetuais são incitadas a gerir e negociar juntamente as dimensões física e sociocultural do risco de inundação, em contextos nos quais proliferam condições pouco estáveis e interesses múltiplos. Também, as práticas projetuais centradas no processo, diferentemente daquelas centradas no produto final, parecem mais sintonizadas com o caráter híbrido das inundações, condição que engendra um desafio adicional para os projetistas, uma vez que as culturas disciplinares predominantes são geralmente focadas na produção de objetos. Com base nessas reflexões, propomos uma escala para medir a intensidade das interações entre segurança e urbanidade, contemplando três estágios: ‘tolerância das inundações’, ‘acomodação das inundações’ e, finalmente, ‘boas-vindas às inundações’, expressando assim posturas projetuais diversificadas em relação a estes fenómenos. A postura mais positiva de ‘projeto com inundações’ pode finalmente ser atingida quando projeto e inundações fluviais são sinergicamente amalgamados num todo único, ao passo que abordagens de resolução de problemas e de atribuição de sentido são unidas para prover um ambiente urbano seguro e rico, sem tentar eliminar as inundações fluviais em si mesmas, as quais são aceitas em toda sua complexidade.
Le renouvellement de zones urbaines riveraines en perte d’urbanité s’est consolidé comme une tendance dans le monde postindustriel. Pourtant, bon nombre de ces zones sont susceptibles aux inondations fluviales, soulevant ainsi également des questions de sécurité. La demande actuelle de réaménagement de zones inondables dans le cadre d’interventions de renouvellement urbain se heurte aux limites des initiatives traditionnelles de gestion des inondations, qui cherchent à éliminer les contingences dans les relations entre les villes et les rivières, en négligeant souvent les rôles que ces dernières peuvent avoir dans l’amélioration de la qualité du milieu urbain. Par ailleurs, s’appuyer uniquement sur des stratégies de défense contre les inondations empêche la reconnaissance des inondations en tant que sujets hybrides, à la fois socioculturels et naturels, qui peuvent paradoxalement contribuer de façon positive à la structuration du paysage urbain et de l’esprit du lieu. Une perspective émergente guidée par la conception spatiale – ‘conception et inondations’ – s’efforce de gérer les inondations à travers un cadre plus holistique, qui vise à dépasser la vision habituelle des inondations uniquement en tant que ‘problème technique’ nécessitant d’une ‘solution technique’. Ainsi, partant de l’idée que la conception spatiale peut servir d’outil d’adaptation aux inondations pour gérer la vulnérabilité des structures bâties, quelles positions peuvent être prises par la conception des projets envers les inondations pour favoriser une adaptation efficace ? Cette étude a cherché à comprendre comment le risque d’inondation est actuellement intégré dans les projets de renouvellement urbain, en essayant de saisir les conditions, stratégies et mécanismes de base pouvant contribuer à l’adaptation des espaces riverains. En accord avec le paradigme constructiviste, selon lequel les inondations fluviales sont comprises comme une condition conçue, une étude de cas multiples a été menée, comprenant trois projets urbains européens en zones inondables : le Programme Polis autour du Mondego (à Coimbra, Portugal), le plan pour les quais de l’Escaut (à Anvers, Belgique) et le plan guide pour Bastide Brazza Nord, un quartier au bord de la Garonne (à Bordeaux, France). Les contextes, les processus de conception et les produits finaux de ces cas ont été reconstitués sous l’angle des inondations. Bien que chaque cas soit unique, nos analyses suggèrent qu’une approche ‘conception et inondations’ doit considérer l’adaptation aux inondations dans un sens plus large, en mettant l’accent non seulement sur la matérialité des villes (affectées occasionnellement par ces événements) mais aussi sur les mentalités humaines. De ce fait, les pratiques de conception sont mises au défi de gérer et de négocier à la fois les dimensions physiques et socioculturelles du risque d’inondation, dans des contextes marqués par des conditions instables et des intérêts multiples. De plus, une perspective de conception axée sur le processus semble plus adaptée au caractère hybride des inondations que celle axée sur le produit, ce qui requiert un effort supplémentaire de la part des concepteurs, habitués à une culture disciplinaire souvent centrée sur l’objet (en tant que produit). Partant de ces réflexions, nous proposons une échelle permettant de mesurer l’intensité des interactions entre sécurité et urbanité, qui comporte trois degrés : ‘tolérer les inondations’, ‘accommoder les inondations’ et enfin ‘accueillir les inondations’, reflétant ainsi des choix de conception diversifiés envers ces phénomènes. La position la plus positive, de ‘conception avec les inondations’, peut finalement s’accomplir lorsque projet et inondations fluviales sont combinés de manière synergique, alors que les approches orientées vers la résolution de problèmes et vers l’attribution de sens sont associées pour offrir un milieu urbain sûr et enrichi, sans chercher à éliminer les inondations fluviales en soi, acceptées dans toute leur complexité.

碩士
國立臺北科技大學
設計學院創意與永續建築研究外國學生專班
104
Urban waterfront design is evolving towards a higher need for ecological considerations. Issues like flood control, water pollution, habitat conservation, cultural identity and environmental education are all having stronger influence in the development of new waterfront projects around the world. However, as observed in Taipei and New Taipei City, many riverside parks are still lacking of an integrative way to address all these issues, therefore the need for an observation criteria which allows to determine ways for improving the ecological characteristics of riverside parks. By using the principles of ecological regenerative design, ecosystem services, sustainable landscapes and waterfront design, and also by analyzing international examples of waterfront regeneration projects, this study developed a thoretical framework to first evaluate the current design of Dajia Riverside Park in Taipei. Then, on-site observations were conducted, along with the analysis of satellite images and historical data related to the Park, all of which allowed this research to understand the evolution process and current circumstances of Dajia Riverside Park. Finally, this study proposed re-design strategies in order to increase the ecological performance and cultural significance of this riverside park in Taipei City.

碩士
國立臺中科技大學
室內設計系碩士班
101
Since the steam engine is invented the development of the world has begun to accelerate. Excessive urbanization makes people''s activity life range smaller. The rhythm of life is getting faster. People can''t enjoy the happiness of life heartily in such a living environment. In recent years, People begin to review modernly and fast. The society of the high pressure causes the influence of the physiology and psychology on us. And try to slow down the speed of life and enjoy life. The concept of " Cittaslow " was born from this. Water is muther of everything. Also a origin of human development of civilization. There are close relationship with the rivers and creeks in the development and forming of urban. In Taichung, river flow through the center of the city. It＇s a beautiful thing that river cross over a city. For example： Seine River of Paris, Sumida of Japan, and Saint Antony river of USA, which give so much credit of city landscape. But today, with the transitions of urbanization and life style. The rivers and creeks in the city become“The Ditch＂. Which causes the fact of relation between rivers, creeks and people is estranged. Therefore, the purpose of this research is with the concept of Cittaclow, discuss the evolution of Lu-Chuan urban riverfront space regeneration, and create a roaming space. By designing practice, change the life style, mind storming, and rediscover the joys of life.

Este trabalho de projecto centra-se principalmente em três elementos fundamentais de análise, e desenvolve uma reflexão em torno das noções de cidade, sociedade e arquitectura. Como objectivo principal, pretende-se discutir a relação complexa destas temáticas apresentadas, inseridas no contexto demográfico actual, do papel ético das acessibilidades, dos modos de habitar e envelhecer no Séc. XXI. A materialização desta discussão constrói uma proposta de intervenção para um local e um programa específico. Como proposta de arquitectura num contexto citadino, a complexidade da paisagem urbana assume-se de um ponto de partida essencial, na compreensão do seu metabolismo heterogéneo, plural, diversificado e em constante mutação. Procura-se saber como a sociedade interage com este meio, sendo ele igualmente complexo, diversificado e em permanente transformação, percepciona, compreende e vivencia. Cabe então à arquitectura desenvolver essa articulação entre cidade e sociedade, procurar uma responsabilidade ética e social na construção de espaços. Perante uma realidade complexa, que características devem então fazer parte do desenho do espaço arquitectónico que traduzem à permanência e utilização de igual forma? Qual deve ser o papel da arquitectura na realidade actual? Como desenvolver uma arquitectura ética baseada nas necessidades de cada indivíduo? São estas interrogações que estruturam e organizam o pensamento ao longo deste trabalho. Apresentados os pressupostos teóricos, procede-se a uma análise e compreensão do local de intervenção, expondo todas as variáveis que concretizam a proposta final de projecto. São ainda apresentados as diversas escalas de intervenção, desde a componente urbana à escala do edifício. Este processo pretende oferecer uma resposta contextualizada com a realidade da cidade e da própria sociedade, onde se procede a uma regeneração urbana com a finalidade de desenvolver uma postura ética e de integração social. O papel ético da arquitectura é cada vez mais importante na construção de espaços acessíveis, de qualidade, que possam ser utilizados por todos sem excepção. A cidade como um espaço de todos para todos.
The current project work focuses mainly on the analysis of three key elements, and develops a reflection on the notions of the city, society and architecture. As a primary objective, this work intends to discuss the complex relationship of these themes presented within the current context of the population, the ethical role of architecture, modes of living and aging in the XXI century. The materialization of this discussion builds a proposal for a location and to response to a specific program. As proposed architecture in the city context, the complexity of the urban landscape assumes an essential starting point in understanding their heterogonous, plural, diverse and complex metabolism, which is in constantly changing. So the fundamental point is to know how society, also complex, diverse and constantly changing, interacts with the environment that surrounds it, how he perceives, understands and experiences. There is up to architecture to develop this relationship between the city and society, in a way to seeking a social and ethical responsibility in building spaces for the people. Faced with a complex reality, the main questions centres in what features should be part of the design of architectural space, which translates to individual to stay and use the same way? What should be the role of architecture in current reality? How to develop an ethical architecture based on the needs of each individual? These questions structure and organize the thinking throughout this work. After presenting the theoretical assumptions, the work proceeds to an analysis und understanding of the intervention area, exposing all variables embodying the proposed final design. It also presents the different levels of the project design, from the global perspective to a smaller scale, in particular the urban scale to the building concept. This process aims to provide a response to the contextual reality of the city and society itself, where the whole concept intends to provide an urban repair and regeneration, but must important, intends to develop an ethical and social integration. The ethical role of architecture is increasingly becoming an important part for the concept of accessible buildings, with quality, that can be used by all people without exception. To fulfil a city space for all.

Street trade within South Africa contributes to a significant portion of the informal sector and is now seen as something that contributes to the economy as well as the character of the city. It plays an active role incontributing to the livelihoods of many people ofthe informal sector. The informal sector has almost become synonymous with South Africa becoming a democratic entity as people that had struggled through exclusion from entering the cities, now had a platform towards citizenship to the city. Historically street trade has always been perceived as a nuisance in the city and as a result traders were marginalized to use spaces which did not present proper opportunity to support the needs of the traders. Urban public space has become one of the most valuable assets to people entering the informal sector, therefore it is important to understand the properties that play a role in the meaning of urban public space with for the users within the informal sector. The square, the street and the buildings make up the public face of towns and cities. The street has the opportunity to become a comfortable environment when the user is able to perceive it in such a way that they are able to orientate themselves with it. Further the street can be examined as a series of integrated spaces and when the physical elements of space are ordered a central point of relation to the user develops. The problem arises whereby urban public space in general has for some time been analyzed and interpreted from a first world viewpoint. One of the primary aims of this dissertation is to understand the various factors involved with third world developing countries, more specifically the informal sector and to understand how these factors may be supported and enhanced by the existing knowledge of place to aid in the design of meaningful architecture aiding in urban revitalization. The case studies outlined within this paper seek to demonstrate the importance of creating architecture that acknowledges that relationships between its, cultural, economic, and environmental, contexts of which can have the ability to sensitively and positively have an impact on its surrounding urban fabric.
Thesis (M.Arch.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2012.