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1
Paatela, Ellen, Dane Munson, and Nobuaki Kikyo. "Circadian Regulation in Tissue Regeneration." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 9 (May 8, 2019): 2263. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20092263.
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Circadian rhythms regulate over 40% of protein-coding genes in at least one organ in the body through mechanisms tied to the central circadian clock and to cell-intrinsic auto-regulatory feedback loops. Distinct diurnal differences in regulation of regeneration have been found in several organs, including skin, intestinal, and hematopoietic systems. Each regenerating system contains a complex network of cell types with different circadian mechanisms contributing to regeneration. In this review, we elucidate circadian regeneration mechanisms in the three representative systems. We also suggest circadian regulation of global translational activity as an understudied global regulator of regenerative capacity. A more detailed understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying circadian regulation of tissue regeneration would accelerate the development of new regenerative therapies.
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Fakoya, Adegbenro Omotuyi John, David Adeiza Otohinoyi, and Joshua Yusuf. "Current Trends in Biomaterial Utilization for Cardiopulmonary System Regeneration." Stem Cells International 2018 (2018): 1–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/3123961.
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The cardiopulmonary system is made up of the heart and the lungs, with the core function of one complementing the other. The unimpeded and optimal cycling of blood between these two systems is pivotal to the overall function of the entire human body. Although the function of the cardiopulmonary system appears uncomplicated, the tissues that make up this system are undoubtedly complex. Hence, damage to this system is undesirable as its capacity to self-regenerate is quite limited. The surge in the incidence and prevalence of cardiopulmonary diseases has reached a critical state for a top-notch response as it currently tops the mortality table. Several therapies currently being utilized can only sustain chronically ailing patients for a short period while they are awaiting a possible transplant, which is also not devoid of complications. Regenerative therapeutic techniques now appear to be a potential approach to solve this conundrum posed by these poorly self-regenerating tissues. Stem cell therapy alone appears not to be sufficient to provide the desired tissue regeneration and hence the drive for biomaterials that can support its transplantation and translation, providing not only physical support to seeded cells but also chemical and physiological cues to the cells to facilitate tissue regeneration. The cardiac and pulmonary systems, although literarily seen as just being functionally and spatially cooperative, as shown by their diverse and dissimilar adult cellular and tissue composition has been proven to share some common embryological codevelopment. However, necessitating their consideration for separate review is the immense adult architectural difference in these systems. This review also looks at details on new biological and synthetic biomaterials, tissue engineering, nanotechnology, and organ decellularization for cardiopulmonary regenerative therapies.
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Oza, Nityam P., and Pravin P. Rathod. "Experimental Investigation on Effects Accumulator Initial Pressure, Pump Displacement and Vehicle Speed on Regeneration Efficiency of the Hydraulic Regenerative Braking System." Science & Technology Journal 8, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 105–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.22232/stj.2020.08.01.13.
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Recently researchers are focus on evaluation of hydraulic regenerative braking systems for improving fuel economy and reducing pollutant emissions. Present work is oriented to study effects of variation in vehicle speed at braking, accumulator initial pressure and pump displacement on regeneration efficiency of hydraulic regenerative braking system (HRBS) on the school van conveyance in Vadodara city. The results show that the HRBS regeneration efficiency improves between 1.7 to 10% with reduction in initial pressure from 110 to 90bar. Increase in pump displacement from 16 LPM to 23 LPM results in rise in regeneration efficiency of the HRBS between2.6 to 16.7%. While increasing initial speed at braking from 20 to 35 KMPH, regeneration efficiency of the HRBS system rises by 48%. This is the maximum rise in regeneration efficiency while varying the initial braking speed.
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Kuznetsov, Valeriy G., Oleg I. Sablin, and Alenka V. Chornaya. "Improvement of the regenerating energy accounting system on the direct current railways." Archives of Transport 36, no. 4 (December 31, 2015): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/08669546.1185200.
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Purpose. Monitoring of current state of quantitative indices of regenerative energy in the suburban movement, the analysis of the factors influencing its volumes and improvement the principles of the train regenerative energy accounting on the basis of it. Relevance. Development of effective measures of increase the regeneration efficiency of the electric power in system of electric traction demands comprehensive completeness of information on quantitative indices of regeneration energy volumes at all possible levels of its analysis, in particular on the corresponding sections of RS movement that will allow to establish the influence on the level of regeneration of various factors, such as parameters of traction power supply and the organization of train service. As the existing system of the regenerative energy accounting does not allow to consider the specified factors, development of the principles for increasing the efficiency of the analysis of volumes of return energy to a contact line during regenerative braking on DC rolling stock is the actual direction of researches. Collective monitoring of regeneration energy volumes by specialists of locomotive service, power supply and traffic operating departments will be essentially new approach to definition of real factors and taking effective decisions for increasing of using of regenerative energy. Scientific novelty. It’s offered to consider the influence on quantitative indices of regenerative energy the parameters of traction power supply and the organization (sizes) of traffic service on sections. Practical importance. Increasing the efficiency of the regeneration energy accounting is an important element in drawing up the balance of energy for electric traction system, development of the effective methods for improvement of the conditions of regeneration in it and in estimation of its power indicators in general.
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Stewart, Krista J., Bermans J. Iskandar, Brenton M. Meier, Elias B. Rizk, Nithya Hariharan, Joyce Koueik, Adin-Christian Andrei, and Kirk J. Hogan. "Nitrous Oxide Impairs Axon Regeneration after Nervous System Injury in Male Rats." Anesthesiology 131, no. 5 (November 1, 2019): 1063–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aln.0000000000002906.
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Abstract Editor’s Perspective What We Already Know about This Topic What This Article Tells Us That Is New Background Nitrous oxide can induce neurotoxicity. The authors hypothesized that exposure to nitrous oxide impairs axonal regeneration and functional recovery after central nervous system injury. Methods The consequences of single and serial in vivo nitrous oxide exposures on axon regeneration in four experimental male rat models of nervous system injury were measured: in vitro axon regeneration in cell culture after in vivo nitrous oxide administration, in vivo axon regeneration after sharp spinal cord injury, in vivo axon regeneration after sharp optic nerve injury, and in vivo functional recovery after blunt contusion spinal cord injury. Results In vitro axon regeneration 48 h after a single in vivo 70% N2O exposure is less than half that in the absence of nitrous oxide (mean ± SD, 478 ± 275 um; n = 48) versus 210 ± 152 um (n = 48; P < 0.0001). A single exposure to 80% N2O inhibits the beneficial effects of folic acid on in vivo axonal regeneration after sharp spinal cord injury (13.4 ± 7.1% regenerating neurons [n = 12] vs. 0.6 ± 0.7% regenerating neurons [n = 4], P = 0.004). Serial 80% N2O administration reverses the benefit of folic acid on in vivo retinal ganglion cell axon regeneration after sharp optic nerve injury (1277 ± 180 regenerating retinal ganglion cells [n = 7] vs. 895 ± 164 regenerating retinal ganglion cells [n = 7], P = 0.005). Serial 80% N2O exposures reverses the benefit of folic acid on in vivo functional recovery after blunt spinal cord contusion (estimate for fixed effects ± standard error of the estimate: folic acid 5.60 ± 0.54 [n = 9] vs. folic acid + 80% N2O 5.19 ± 0.62 [n = 7], P < 0.0001). Conclusions These data indicate that nitrous oxide can impair the ability of central nervous system neurons to regenerate axons after sharp and blunt trauma.
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Wassan, Majid Ali, Khairul Habib, and Suhaimi B. Hassan. "Mathematical Modeling for the Regenerator of Liquid Desiccant Air-Conditioning System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 465-466 (December 2013): 226–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.465-466.226.
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T his paper presents mathematical model for regenerator of liquid desiccant air conditioning system. Regression analysis was used to get the relation between enthalpy and humidity ratio. Performance of regenerator is highly affected by varying the flow direction between air & desiccant thus to get proper regeneration results counter-flow configuration is considered. Previous studies show better regeneration results for counter-flow direction of air to desiccant. Validation is done by comparing results of present study the experimental results of previous studies and comparison was found to be quite satisfactory. Based on above mathematical model performance of regenerator was analyzed. The purpose of this research was regeneration of liquid desiccant from its dilute-solution form to strong-solution.
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Edgar, Allison, Dorothy G. Mitchell, and Mark Q. Martindale. "Whole-Body Regeneration in the Lobate Ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi." Genes 12, no. 6 (June 5, 2021): 867. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12060867.
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Ctenophores (a.k.a. comb jellies) are one of the earliest branching extant metazoan phyla. Adult regenerative ability varies greatly within the group, with platyctenes undergoing both sexual and asexual reproduction by fission while others in the genus Beroe having completely lost the ability to replace missing body parts. We focus on the unique regenerative aspects of the lobate ctenophore, Mnemiopsis leidyi, which has become a popular model for its rapid wound healing and tissue replacement, optical clarity, and sequenced genome. M. leidyi’s highly mosaic, stereotyped development has been leveraged to reveal the polar coordinate system that directs whole-body regeneration as well as lineage restriction of replacement cells in various regenerating organs. Several cell signaling pathways known to function in regeneration in other animals are absent from the ctenophore’s genome. Further research will either reveal ancient principles of the regenerative process common to all animals or reveal novel solutions to the stability of cell fates and whole-body regeneration.
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Echternacht, Scott R., Miranda A. Chacon, and Jonathan I. Leckenby. "Central versus peripheral nervous system regeneration: is there an exception for cranial nerves?" Regenerative Medicine 16, no. 6 (June 2021): 567–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/rme-2020-0096.
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There exists a dichotomy in regenerative capacity between the PNS and CNS, which poses the question – where do cranial nerves fall? Through the discussion of the various cells and processes involved in axonal regeneration, we will evaluate whether the assumption that cranial nerve regeneration is analogous to peripheral nerve regeneration is valid. It is evident from this review that much remains to be clarified regarding both PNS and CNS regeneration. Furthermore, it is not clear if cranial nerves follow the PNS model, CNS model or possess an alternative novel regenerative process altogether. Future research should continue to focus on elucidating how cranial nerves regenerate; and the various cellular interactions, molecules and pathways involved.
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Ahmed-de-Prado, Sara, and Antonio Baonza. "Drosophila as a Model System to Study Cell Signaling in Organ Regeneration." BioMed Research International 2018 (2018): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/7359267.
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Regeneration is a fascinating phenomenon that allows organisms to replace or repair damaged organs or tissues. This ability occurs to varying extents among metazoans. The rebuilding of the damaged structure depends on regenerative proliferation that must be accompanied by proper cell fate respecification and patterning. These cellular processes are regulated by the action of different signaling pathways that are activated in response to the damage. The imaginal discs of Drosophila melanogaster have the ability to regenerate and have been extensively used as a model system to study regeneration. Drosophila provides an opportunity to use powerful genetic tools to address fundamental problems about the genetic mechanisms involved in organ regeneration. Different studies in Drosophila have helped to elucidate the genes and signaling pathways that initiate regeneration, promote regenerative growth, and induce cell fate respecification. Here we review the signaling networks involved in regulating the variety of cellular responses that are required for discs regeneration.
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Si, Laisheng, and Xiuwei Li. "Solar interfacial regeneration performance of different solutions for liquid desiccant cooling system." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2520, no. 1 (June 1, 2023): 012002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2520/1/012002.
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Abstract A liquid desiccant cooling system (LDCS) is a promising energy-saving air-conditioning system with the advantages of being driven by low-grade heat and excellent humidity control ability. However, the problems of high energy consumption and low energy utilization efficiency of its regenerator limit its further development. To improve, a novel solar interfacial regeneration (SIR) method is proposed. The method can convert solar energy into heat and locate the heat at the evaporation interface so that the regenerator has high energy utilization efficiency. Experimental studies were carried out on different liquid desiccants. The results show that the thermal regeneration efficiency of this method is 2.6 to 2.9 times that of the conventional thermal regeneration method. LiBr solution has the best regeneration performance, but MgCl2 and CaCl2 are cheaper. Considering energy utilization efficiency and economic cost, the mixed desiccant may be a better choice. These advances could make SIR-based LDCS a potential contender for future air-conditioning systems.
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Seaver, Elaine C., and Danielle M. de Jong. "Regeneration in the Segmented Annelid Capitella teleta." Genes 12, no. 11 (November 8, 2021): 1769. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12111769.
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The segmented worms, or annelids, are a clade within the Lophotrochozoa, one of the three bilaterian superclades. Annelids have long been models for regeneration studies due to their impressive regenerative abilities. Furthermore, the group exhibits variation in adult regeneration abilities with some species able to replace anterior segments, posterior segments, both or neither. Successful regeneration includes regrowth of complex organ systems, including the centralized nervous system, gut, musculature, nephridia and gonads. Here, regenerative capabilities of the annelid Capitella teleta are reviewed. C. teleta exhibits robust posterior regeneration and benefits from having an available sequenced genome and functional genomic tools available to study the molecular and cellular control of the regeneration response. The highly stereotypic developmental program of C. teleta provides opportunities to study adult regeneration and generate robust comparisons between development and regeneration.
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Krüger, Silke, and Reinhard Lakes-Harlan. "Contralateral Deafferentation Does Not Affect Regeneration Processes in the Auditory System of Schistocerca gregaria (Orthoptera)." Journal of Experimental Neuroscience 5 (January 2011): JEN.S6684. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/jen.s6684.
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The auditory system of locusts has high regeneration capacity following injury of the peripheral afferents. Regenerating auditory afferents can re-innervate their target areas even after changed neuronal pathways. Here, possible influences of contralateral deafferentation on regenerating afferents were investigated. Contralateral deafferentation was performed at different stages of the regeneration. Regeneration was triggered by crushing the tympanal nerve. The regenerated fibers showed aberrant fiber outgrowth, reduced density of terminations in the target area, the auditory neuropile and collateral sprouts crossing the midline. However, these results were not significantly influenced by the contralateral deafferentation. Therefore the bilateral symmetrical systems seem to be largely independent from each other.
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Lu, Fangfang, Lyndsay L. Leach, and Jeffrey M. Gross. "mTOR activity is essential for retinal pigment epithelium regeneration in zebrafish." PLOS Genetics 18, no. 3 (March 10, 2022): e1009628. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1009628.
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The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) plays numerous critical roles in maintaining vision and this is underscored by the prevalence of degenerative blinding diseases like age-related macular degeneration (AMD), in which visual impairment is caused by progressive loss of RPE cells. In contrast to mammals, zebrafish possess the ability to intrinsically regenerate a functional RPE layer after severe injury. The molecular underpinnings of this regenerative process remain largely unknown yet hold tremendous potential for developing treatment strategies to stimulate endogenous regeneration in the human eye. In this study, we demonstrate that the mTOR pathway is activated in RPE cells post-genetic ablation. Pharmacological and genetic inhibition of mTOR activity impaired RPE regeneration, while mTOR activation enhanced RPE recovery post-injury, demonstrating that mTOR activity is essential for RPE regeneration in zebrafish. RNA-seq of RPE isolated from mTOR-inhibited larvae identified a number of genes and pathways dependent on mTOR activity at early and late stages of regeneration; amongst these were components of the immune system, which is emerging as a key regulator of regenerative responses across various tissue and model systems. Our results identify crosstalk between macrophages/microglia and the RPE, wherein mTOR activity is required for recruitment of macrophages/microglia to the RPE injury site. Macrophages/microglia then reinforce mTOR activity in regenerating RPE cells. Interestingly, the function of macrophages/microglia in maintaining mTOR activity in the RPE appeared to be inflammation-independent. Taken together, these data identify mTOR activity as a key regulator of RPE regeneration and link the mTOR pathway to immune responses in facilitating RPE regeneration.
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Ruby Dhar, Arun Kumar, and Subhradip Karmakar. "Tree elements: Branching hopes after tissue injury in regenerative medicine." Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 14, no. 5 (May 1, 2023): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v14i5.53505.
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Humans are poor model systems for studying tissue regeneration. Unlike their amphibians or rodent counterparts, humans are deficient in this quality, making the repair process following a tissue injury infrequent and limited. Most human tissues or organs, except the liver, lack in their regenerative potential. This tends to be a serious problem in organ damage until recently with the identification of enhancer regulatory elements that engage in regenerating tissue. Tissue regeneration enhancer elements (TREEs) trigger gene expression in injury sites and can be engineered to modulate the regenerative potential of vertebrate organs. TREE orchestrates selective gene expression at the injury sites, thereby modulating the regenerative activities and potential of vertebrate organs. Using a genetic screen of a zebrafish-based tissue injury model, Kang et al., identified the gene expression signature associated with regeneration. This concept is being tried and tested to see its possibility in regenerating injured myocardium following myocardium infraction leading to ischemia and tissue damage. TREEs displayed specificity and efficacy in a systemically delivered recombinant AAV vector system in mice and can be used as a gene-therapy module to repair damaged tissue. A team of researchers at the Duke School of Medicine, USA, headed by Ken Poss, reported their findings in cell stem cell, 2022. These researchers further took a step ahead to actually orchestrate a damaged myocardium repair and the growth of new muscles to restore normal cardiac function. Even more spectacular is that tissue growth is selective only at injury sites and becomes quiescent once the damage is repaired. HOW THIS MAY IMPACT REGENERATIVE MEDICINEUsing a TREE-based system, one can attempt to use gene therapy with viral vectors to enhance heart tissue cell proliferation and growth, thus improving cardiac regeneration. This system will further strengthen by incorporating better gene payloads, thereby opening new possibilities to rescue scar tissue and restore function. According to the World Health Organization, MI-related death in India accounts for one-fifth of deaths worldwide, which is alarmingly higher in the younger population. The age-standardized cardiovascular disease (CVD) death rate of 272/100,000 in India is much higher than the global average of 235. Under these circumstances, these findings seem extremely relevant. Although we may not fix a broken heart, engineered TREE elements might at least fix a damaged myocardium branching hopes for numeroussuffering from CVD.
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Shrivastav, Sneha, and Surabhi Patel. "ENERGY ENHANCEMENT OF ELECTRIC VEHICLES THROUGH REGENERATIVE BRAKING SYSTEM." International Journal of Engineering Applied Sciences and Technology 7, no. 2 (June 1, 2022): 258–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.33564/ijeast.2022.v07i02.040.
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Electric Vehicles (EVs) and Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs) have been attracting a lot of attention for environmental issues and energy crisis. One of advantage of using foregoing vehicles is charging energy by regenerative brake. Regenerative braking systems (RBS) are a useful way to capture the energy lost while braking and at the same time lowering exhaust and brake emissions. The idea behind this process is to transform mechanical energy from a motor's kinetic energy into electrical energy. This paper, gives comprehensive information about regenerative energy system. Later, a case study of an electric vehicle conversion's electrical energy use in a real-world setting has been looked at. Such tests assess the energy usage of a vehicle's overall system whether it has regenerative braking or not. The absorbed capacity of regenerative energy is limited because of motor capacity and current limit of battery. This becomes serious issues the heavy weight vehicle such as bus and truck. To increase regenerative energy, large motor and battery are requested, which is difficult because of cost and limit of inverter capacity. With the advancement of energy regeneration technologies, the driving range of electric vehicles can be enhanced. Two boost approach, a unique energy regeneration strategy, is suggested in this paper for electric vehicles powered by brushless DC motors. Additionally, since this approach regenerates more energy than the single boost method, this method's energy regeneration efficiency has been greatly improved.
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Lv, Jing, Zhe Bin He, Da Zhang Yang, and Xiu Zhi Huang. "Influence of the Regenerative Process on the Trans-Critical CO2 Cycle." Key Engineering Materials 467-469 (February 2011): 1881–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.467-469.1881.
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The trans-critical CO2 cycle usually involves a regenerative process. The regenerative process used in the trans-critical CO2 cycle is analyzed in this paper. The cycle with regeneration and without regeneration had been compared. The circumstance for the regenerative process set in the trans-critical CO2 cycle is given. The impact regeneration made on the performance of the system in difference operating conditions is also discussed in this article.
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Kawaguchi, Nanako, Kota Hatta, and Toshio Nakanishi. "3D-Culture System for Heart Regeneration and Cardiac Medicine." BioMed Research International 2013 (2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/895967.
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3D cultures have gained attention in the field of regenerative medicine for their usefulness asin vitromodel of solid tissues. Bottom-up technology to generate artificial tissues or organs is prospective and an attractive approach that will expand as the field of regenerative medicine becomes more translational. We have characterized c-kit positive cardiac stem cells after long-term cultures and established a 3D-nanoculture system using collagen scaffolds. By combining informatics-based studies, including proteomic analyses and microarrays, we sought to generate methods that modeled cardiac regeneration which can ultimately be used to build artificial hearts. Here, we describe the use of biodegradable beads or 3D cultures to study cardiac regeneration. We summarize recent work that demonstrates that, by using a combination of molecular analyses with 3D cultures, it is possible to evaluate concise mechanisms of solid tissue stem cell biology.
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Jian, Sun. "Experimental Analysis on the Performance of Regeneration of Solar Liquid Desiccant System under Different Operation Condition." Applied Mechanics and Materials 521 (February 2014): 48–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.521.48.
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Liquid desiccant air-conditioning system is one kind of thermally driven open-cycle absorption air-conditioning systems which have been widely researched and applied because of its unique advantages in recent years.In this paper, an experimental equipment of liquid desiccant air-conditioning system was set up based on the mechanism of liquid desiccant dehumidification and regeneration. The dehumidifier and regenerator were all counter-flow towers and body of the tower were made of stainless steel to withstand the corrosive effect of the liquid desiccant. In experiments, mixture desiccant of calcium chloride and lithium chloride was applied.The performance of regeneration of the system was studied under different system operating condition. The effects of the inlet parameters on the efficiency of regeneration are discussed. The results show that the mass flow rate,humidity of the air,temperature and mass flow rate of the diluted solution can all affect the performance of regeneration of the system.
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Bollaerts, Ilse, Jessie Van houcke, Lien Andries, Lies De Groef, and Lieve Moons. "Neuroinflammation as Fuel for Axonal Regeneration in the Injured Vertebrate Central Nervous System." Mediators of Inflammation 2017 (2017): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/9478542.
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Damage to the central nervous system (CNS) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in elderly, as repair after lesions or neurodegenerative disease usually fails because of the limited capacity of CNS regeneration. The causes underlying this limited regenerative potential are multifactorial, but one critical aspect is neuroinflammation. Although classically considered as harmful, it is now becoming increasingly clear that inflammation can also promote regeneration, if the appropriate context is provided. Here, we review the current knowledge on how acute inflammation is intertwined with axonal regeneration, an important component of CNS repair. After optic nerve or spinal cord injury, inflammatory stimulation and/or modification greatly improve the regenerative outcome in rodents. Moreover, the hypothesis of a beneficial role of inflammation is further supported by evidence from adult zebrafish, which possess the remarkable capability to repair CNS lesions and even restore functionality. Lastly, we shed light on the impact of aging processes on the regenerative capacity in the CNS of mammals and zebrafish. As aging not only affects the CNS, but also the immune system, the regeneration potential is expected to further decline in aged individuals, an element that should definitely be considered in the search for novel therapeutic strategies.
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Nakajima, Wataru, Soya Nakanishi, Ryosuke Hosoya, Toshiaki Uemoto, Shiro Ohgo, and Naoyuki Wada. "Regenerative Polarity of the Fin Ray in Zebrafish Caudal Fin and Related Tissue Formation on the Cut Surface." Journal of Developmental Biology 9, no. 4 (November 19, 2021): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jdb9040050.
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Zebrafish caudal fin rays are used as a model system for regeneration because of their high regenerative ability, but studies on the regeneration polarity of the fin ray are limited. To investigate this regeneration polarity, we made a hole to excise part of the fin ray and analyzed the regeneration process. We confirmed that the fin rays always regenerated from the proximal margin toward the distal margin, as previously reported; however, regeneration-related genes were expressed at both the proximal and distal edges of the hole in the early stage of regeneration, suggesting that the regenerative response also occurs at the distal edge. One difference between the proximal and distal margins is a sheet-like tissue that is formed on the apical side of the regenerated tissue at the proximal margin. This sheet-like tissue was not observed at the distal edge. To investigate whether the distal margin was also capable of forming this sheet-like tissue and subsequent regeneration, we kept the distal margin separated from the proximal margin by manipulation. Consequently, the sheet-like tissue was formed at the distal margin and regeneration of the fin ray was also induced. The regenerated fin rays from the distal margin protruded laterally from the caudal fin and then bent distally, and their ends showed the same characteristics as those of the normal fin rays. These results suggest that fin rays have an ability to regenerate in both directions; however, under normal conditions, regeneration is restricted to the proximal margin because the sheet-like tissue is preferentially formed on the apical side of the regenerating tissue from the proximal margin.
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Zhang, Junzhi, Chen Lv, Jinfang Gou, and Decong Kong. "Cooperative control of regenerative braking and hydraulic braking of an electrified passenger car." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 226, no. 10 (April 25, 2012): 1289–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407012441884.
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With the aims of regeneration efficiency and brake comfort, three different control strategies, namely the maximum-regeneration-efficiency strategy, the good-pedal-feel strategy and the coordination strategy for regenerative braking of an electrified passenger car are researched in this paper. The models of the main components related to the regenerative brake and the frictional blending brake of the electric passenger car are built in MATLAB/Simulink. The control effects and regeneration efficiencies of the control strategies in a typical deceleration process are simulated and analysed. Road tests under normal deceleration braking and an ECE driving cycle are carried out. The simulation and road test results show that the maximum-regeneration-efficiency strategy, which causes issues on brake comfort and safety, could hardly be utilized in the regenerative braking system adopted. The good-pedal-feel strategy and coordination strategy are advantageous over the first strategy with respect to the brake comfort and regeneration efficiency. The fuel economy enhanced by the regenerative braking system developed is more than 25% under the ECE driving cycle.
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Potapov, O. O., O. P. Kmyta, O. O. Tsyndrenko, M. I. Semenyuk, and A. V. Senchenko. "MODERN METHODS OF SURGICAL TREATMENT OF PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM INJURIES." Eastern Ukrainian Medical Journal 8, no. 4 (2020): 424–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/eumj.2020;8(4):424-432.
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In Ukraine, 2,500–3,000 people sustain peripheral nerve injuries every year. Often these are young people of working age. In the structure of total injuries, peripheral nerve damage in peacetime makes 1.5–6%, and during military operations (taking into account the situation in the east of Ukraine), this value ranges from 9 to 25% due to gunshot injuries. Analysis of medical literature and publications over the past five years was carried out, with due attention to the studies related to modern surgical treatment methods of peripheral nerve traumatic injuries. The problem of surgical treatment has not been thoroughly studied. Peripheral nerve regeneration is a complex process, and therefore the existing treatment methods are limited due to slow nerve regeneration and insufficient spanning of large post-traumatic nerve defects. To overcome these limitations, a cell therapy has been developed that ensures the presence of supporting cells at the site of the lesion in order to accelerate nerve regeneration. Schwann cells play an important role in many aspects of nerve regeneration. Stem cell transplantation for peripheral nerve regeneration represents alternative cell therapy with several regenerative benefits. Various types of stem cell sources are currently being investigated for use for peripheral nerve regeneration in combination with the most optimal nerve guide conduit.
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Lv, Jing, Te Te Hu, Zhe Bin He, and Eric Hu. "Theoretical Analysis for the Influence of the Regenerative Process on the Trans-Critical CO2 Cycle." Advanced Materials Research 860-863 (December 2013): 1633–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.860-863.1633.
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The trans-critical CO2 refrigeration cycle involving a regenerative process is analyzed in this paper. The thermodynamic performance of the cycles with regeneration and without regeneration has been compared. The optimal circumstance for the regenerative process set in the trans-critical CO2 cycle is given. The impact of the regeneration on the performance of the system under difference operating conditions is also discussed in this article.
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Ikeda, Etsuko, Miho Ogawa, Makoto Takeo, and Takashi Tsuji. "Functional ectodermal organ regeneration as the next generation of organ replacement therapy." Open Biology 9, no. 3 (March 2019): 190010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsob.190010.
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In this decade, substantial progress in the fields of developmental biology and stem cell biology has ushered in a new era for three-dimensional organ regenerative therapy. The emergence of novel three-dimensional cell manipulation technologies enables the effective mimicking of embryonic organ germ formation using the fate-determined organ-inductive potential of epithelial and mesenchymal stem cells. This advance shows great potential for the regeneration of functional organs with substitution of complete original function in situ . Organoids generated from multipotent stem cells or tissue stem cells via establishment of an organ-forming field can only partially recover original organ function owing to the size limitation; they are considered ‘mini-organs’. Nevertheless, they hold great promise to realize regenerative medicine. In particular, regeneration of a functional salivary gland and an integumentary organ system by orthotopic and heterotopic implantation of organoids clearly points to the future direction of organ regeneration research. In this review, we describe multiple strategies and recent progress in regenerating functional three-dimensional organs, focusing on ectodermal organs, and discuss their potential and future directions to achieve organ replacement therapy as a next-generation regenerative medicine.
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Seth, B., and W. C. Flowers. "Generalized Actuator Concept for the Study of the Efficiency of Energetic Systems." Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 112, no. 2 (June 1, 1990): 233–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2896130.
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Energy efficiency is an important consideration for the success of many portable as well as other energetic systems. One way to improve the efficiency of an engineering system is through regeneration. A regenerative actuator returns some of the otherwise dissipated energy required for passive operation. A regenerative actuator can plow back part of energy normally lost in the passive operation of the actuator into useful energy. The amount of regenerated energy will depend on the dissipation characteristics of the actuator and the regenerative potential of the process itself. In order to analyze regeneration a bond graph model of a generalized regenerative actuator is developed. The regenerative potential is analyzed in the power phase plane trajectory. By superimposing such a trajectory with the dissipation characteristics of the actuator, a framework is developed to study the feasibility of regeneration. A possible way of optimizing the regenerated energy is also considered in some depth.
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Varadarajan, Supraja G., John L. Hunyara, Natalie R. Hamilton, Alex L. Kolodkin, and Andrew D. Huberman. "Central nervous system regeneration." Cell 185, no. 1 (January 2022): 77–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2021.10.029.
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Walshe, J. M. "Central nervous system regeneration." QJM 107, no. 8 (June 6, 2014): 687. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/qjmed/hcu120.
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Li, Junxiao, Wei Fu, and Xiaobo Yin. "Finite Element Simulation and Construction Technology Research of Cement-Emulsified Asphalt Cold Recycling System." MATEC Web of Conferences 238 (2018): 05010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201823805010.
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The force model of pavement structure is established. In order to investigate the force on pavement when the ratio and thickness of cold recycled pavement vary, three concrete pavement structures, material parameters and vehicle load parameters are designed. By finite element analysis, type 2 pavement structure make the cold-regenerative pavement structure anti-XY surface shear stress, anti-Z compressive stress and anti-Z deformation three aspects are kept in a reasonable range, and it is considered that the cold regenerative pavement structure type 2 is the best. Type 2 is specifically composed of 8 cm new asphalt surface layer +20 cm no stabilized soil regeneration base +20 cm stabilized soil regeneration base + original road soil base. The results of this paper can provide some reference for the actual design of emulsified asphalt cold regeneration construction process.
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Wolburg, Hartwig, and Jochen Neuhaus. "The Glio-Axonal Interaction and the Problem of Regeneration of Axons in the Central Nervous System — Concept and Perspectives." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 41, no. 11-12 (December 1, 1986): 1147–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-1986-11-1236.
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Abstract Lesion of the central nervous system in man is generally believed to be incurable. However, in the last time evidence accumulated that axonal growth occurs after a lesion if the growing neurites encounter a permissive environment. Since astrocytes play a considerable role as environmental factor in the CNS, the astrocytes from regenerative as well as from non-regenerative species were compared. The concept proposed here postulates that interactions between astrocytes and axons are of basic significance for fiber regeneration and have changed qualitatively during phylogeny: in lower vertebrates astrocytes guide growing and regenerating axons; in higher vertebrates including man the glioaxonal interactions were possibly deteriorated by the appearance of new compounds in the astrocytic membrane.
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Verma, Nikhil, Alex Fazioli, and Paige Matijasich. "Natural recovery and regeneration of the central nervous system." Regenerative Medicine 17, no. 4 (April 2022): 233–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/rme-2021-0084.
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The diagnosis and management of CNS injuries comprises a large portion of psychiatric practice. Many clinical and preclinical studies have demonstrated the benefit of treating CNS injuries using various regenerative techniques and materials such as stem cells, biomaterials and genetic modification. Therefore it is the goal of this review article to briefly summarize the pathogenesis of CNS injuries, including traumatic brain injuries, spinal cord injuries and cerebrovascular accidents. Next, we discuss the role of natural recovery and regeneration of the CNS, explore the relevance in clinical practice and discuss emerging and cutting-edge treatments and current barriers in the field of regenerative medicine.
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Verissimo, Kellen Matos, Louise Neiva Perez, Aline Cutrim Dragalzew, Gayani Senevirathne, Sylvain Darnet, Wainna Renata Barroso Mendes, Ciro Ariel dos Santos Neves, et al. "Salamander-like tail regeneration in the West African lungfish." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 287, no. 1935 (September 16, 2020): 20192939. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.2939.
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Salamanders, frog tadpoles and diverse lizards have the remarkable ability to regenerate tails. Palaeontological data suggest that this capacity is plesiomorphic, yet when the developmental and genetic architecture of tail regeneration arose is poorly understood. Here, we show morphological and molecular hallmarks of tetrapod tail regeneration in the West African lungfish Protopterus annectens , a living representative of the sister group of tetrapods. As in salamanders, lungfish tail regeneration occurs via the formation of a proliferative blastema and restores original structures, including muscle, skeleton and spinal cord. In contrast with lizards and similar to salamanders and frogs, lungfish regenerate spinal cord neurons and reconstitute dorsoventral patterning of the tail. Similar to salamander and frog tadpoles, Shh is required for lungfish tail regeneration. Through RNA-seq analysis of uninjured and regenerating tail blastema, we show that the genetic programme deployed during lungfish tail regeneration maintains extensive overlap with that of tetrapods, with the upregulation of genes and signalling pathways previously implicated in amphibian and lizard tail regeneration. Furthermore, the lungfish tail blastema showed marked upregulation of genes encoding post-transcriptional RNA processing components and transposon-derived genes. Our results show that the developmental processes and genetic programme of tetrapod tail regeneration were present at least near the base of the sarcopterygian clade and establish the lungfish as a valuable research system for regenerative biology.
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Kumar, P. V. Ram, and S. S. Kachhwaha. "Thermodynamic Analysis of Alternative Regeneration Gas Turbine Cycle with Twin Shaft System." International Journal of Advance Research and Innovation 2, no. 2 (2014): 203–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.51976/ijari.221427.
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The study describes the thermodynamic methodology for the performance evaluation of alternative regeneration gas turbine cycle with twin shaft system. The effects of pressure ratio, turbine inlet temperature, inlet air temperature and regenerative effectiveness used in the thermodynamic analysis of alternative regeneration gas turbine cycle with twin shaft system on thermal efficiency, specific work output and specific fuel consumption of the cycle have been investigated. It is observed that thermal efficiency of gas turbine alternate regeneration system increases with pressure ratio with increase in turbine inlet temperature and specific work output increases with increase in turbine inlet temperature but lower than conventional regeneration system. The thermal efficiency and specific work output of the cycle increases with decrease in inlet air temperature. The specific fuel consumption decreases with increase in both pressure ratio and turbine inlet temperature and with decrease in inlet air temperature. This system is very attractive at high turbine inlet temperature of 1500 0C and above.
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Starlinger, Patrick, James P. Luyendyk, and Dafna J. Groeneveld. "Hemostasis and Liver Regeneration." Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis 46, no. 06 (September 2020): 735–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1715450.
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AbstractThe liver is unique in its remarkable regenerative capacity, which enables the use of liver resection as a treatment for specific liver diseases, including removal of neoplastic liver disease. After resection, the remaining liver tissue (i.e, liver remnant) regenerates to maintain normal hepatic function. In experimental settings as well as patients, removal of up to two-thirds of the liver mass stimulates a rapid and highly coordinated process resulting in the regeneration of the remaining liver. Mechanisms controlling the initiation and termination of regeneration continue to be discovered, and many of the fundamental signaling pathways controlling the proliferation of liver parenchymal cells (i.e., hepatocytes) have been uncovered. Interestingly, while hemostatic complications (i.e., bleeding and thrombosis) are primarily thought of as a complication of surgery itself, strong evidence suggests that components of the hemostatic system are, in fact, powerful drivers of liver regeneration. This review focuses on the clinical and translational evidence supporting a link between the hemostatic system and liver regeneration, and the mechanisms whereby the hemostatic system directs liver regeneration discovered using experimental settings.
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Hughes, Hallmon Victoria, and Victoria Hughes. "Effects of Cannabidiol on Dugesia Dorotocephala Head Regeneration." Athens Journal of Health and Medical Sciences 9, no. 2 (April 28, 2022): 87–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.30958/ajhms.9-2-2.
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The endocannabinoid system regulates synaptic transmissions. It is comprised of two G protein-coupled receptors, cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) and cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2), a degradation system and the endocannabinoids, a group of lipidic ligands. The connection between JNK, cannabinoids, and regeneration has led to the hypothesis that cannabinoids impact both regeneration and the levels of the enzymes required for the regenerative process. Thus, by encouraging neoblasts to enter the M phase, cannabinoids would speed up effective regeneration. These regeneration pathways may have implications in cancer research. In addition, CB1 reception suppresses the growth of hepatocellular carcinoma, indicating that the endocannabinoid system may be a possible course of treatment for cancer patients. CB2 receptors in nonimmune cells have revealed the benefits of agonists on osteoporosis and post‐ischemic heart failure. In order to understand the effects of cannabidiol on the regenerative process and neural transmission, we conducted experiments on Dugesia dorotocephala. Dugesia dorotocephala is an ideal candidate for the endocannabinoid model because they are more genetically uniform than most natural populations and their regeneration is specifically tied to cannabinoid receptors. We transversally cut twenty-four Dugesia dorotocephala to analyze differences in head regeneration in solutions with varying amounts of cannabidiol. We found that Dugesia dorotocephala in CBD solutions have a faster rate of head regeneration, yet our results were not statistically significant. The increased rate of head regeneration in Dugesia dorotocephala in CBD solution may be attributed to the stimulation of neoblasts to enter the M-Phase of the cell cycle. Keywords: cannabidiol (CBD), planaria, regeneration, endocannabinoid
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Walker, Sarah, Gaynor Spencer, Aleksandar Necakov, and Robert Carlone. "Identification and Characterization of microRNAs during Retinoic Acid-Induced Regeneration of a Molluscan Central Nervous System." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19, no. 9 (September 13, 2018): 2741. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms19092741.
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Retinoic acid (RA) is the biologically active metabolite of vitamin A and has become a well-established factor that induces neurite outgrowth and regeneration in both vertebrates and invertebrates. However, the underlying regulatory mechanisms that may mediate RA-induced neurite sprouting remain unclear. In the past decade, microRNAs have emerged as important regulators of nervous system development and regeneration, and have been shown to contribute to processes such as neurite sprouting. However, few studies have demonstrated the role of miRNAs in RA-induced neurite sprouting. By miRNA sequencing analysis, we identify 482 miRNAs in the regenerating central nervous system (CNS) of the mollusc Lymnaea stagnalis, 219 of which represent potentially novel miRNAs. Of the remaining conserved miRNAs, 38 show a statistically significant up- or downregulation in regenerating CNS as a result of RA treatment. We further characterized the expression of one neuronally-enriched miRNA upregulated by RA, miR-124. We demonstrate, for the first time, that miR-124 is expressed within the cell bodies and neurites of regenerating motorneurons. Moreover, we identify miR-124 expression within the growth cones of cultured ciliary motorneurons (pedal A), whereas expression in the growth cones of another class of respiratory motorneurons (right parietal A) was absent in vitro. These findings support our hypothesis that miRNAs are important regulators of retinoic acid-induced neuronal outgrowth and regeneration in regeneration-competent species.
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de Freria, Camila Marques, Erna Van Niekerk, Armin Blesch, and Paul Lu. "Neural Stem Cells: Promoting Axonal Regeneration and Spinal Cord Connectivity." Cells 10, no. 12 (November 25, 2021): 3296. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10123296.
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Spinal cord injury (SCI) leads to irreversible functional impairment caused by neuronal loss and the disruption of neuronal connections across the injury site. While several experimental strategies have been used to minimize tissue damage and to enhance axonal growth and regeneration, the corticospinal projection, which is the most important voluntary motor system in humans, remains largely refractory to regenerative therapeutic interventions. To date, one of the most promising pre-clinical therapeutic strategies has been neural stem cell (NSC) therapy for SCI. Over the last decade we have found that host axons regenerate into spinal NSC grafts placed into sites of SCI. These regenerating axons form synapses with the graft, and the graft in turn extends very large numbers of new axons from the injury site over long distances into the distal spinal cord. Here we discuss the pathophysiology of SCI that makes the spinal cord refractory to spontaneous regeneration, the most recent findings of neural stem cell therapy for SCI, how it has impacted motor systems including the corticospinal tract and the implications for sensory feedback.
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Oliveira, Jackson Moreira, Hudson Afonso Batista da Silva, Fabio Barros de Sousa, Lelis Araujo de Oliveira, Jorge Everaldo de Oliveira, Fiterlinge Martins de Sousa, and Marcos Benedito Caldas Costa. "Verification of All-Optical Regeneration with Hybrid Modulation and with On-Off Keying Modulation with Return to Zero and Non-Return to Zero Coding." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 17, no. 11 (November 1, 2020): 4875–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2020.9628.
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In this work we study the non-linear effects through the analysis of the operating results of three alloptical 3R regeneration (re-amplifying, re-shaping and re-timing) under the effects of cross-phase modulation (XPM) and four-wave mixing (FWM), being a system with hybrid modulation and two other communication systems with modulation on-off keying (OOK) with return to zero (RZ) and non-return to zero (NRZ) coding. The main part of the 3R regeneration system proposed here is a Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) composed of an acousto optical filter (AOF) and a highly nonlinear photonic crystal fiber (HNL-PCF), so the system proposed here was named 3R-MZIAOF regenerator. The comparison of the system results occurred through the variation of the input power variation from -10 dBm to 10 dBm for the link length of 121.3 km and transmission rate 10 Gbps. The results showed that the regeneration 3R scheme OOK-NRZ with AOF presented excellent values of bit error rate (BER) equal to 10-21 and quality factor (Q-Factor) equal to 9.4, when compared to a system with OOK-NRZ 3R regeneration and hybrid modulation.
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Wolff, Andrew, and Veronica Hinman. "The Use of Larval Sea Stars and Sea Urchins in the Discovery of Shared Mechanisms of Metazoan Whole-Body Regeneration." Genes 12, no. 7 (July 13, 2021): 1063. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12071063.
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The ability to regenerate is scattered among the metazoan tree of life. Further still, regenerative capacity varies widely within these specific organisms. Numerous organisms, all with different regenerative capabilities, have been studied at length and key similarities and disparities in how regeneration occurs have been identified. In order to get a better grasp on understanding regeneration as a whole, we must search for new models that are capable of extensive regeneration, as well as those that have been under sampled in the literature. As invertebrate deuterostomes, echinoderms fit both of these requirements. Multiple members regenerate various tissue types at all life stages, including examples of whole-body regeneration. Interrogations in two highly studied echinoderms, the sea urchin and the sea star, have provided knowledge of tissue and whole-body regeneration at various life stages. Work has begun to examine regeneration in echinoderm larvae, a potential new system for understanding regenerative mechanisms in a basal deuterostome. Here, we review the ways these two animals’ larvae have been utilized as a model of regeneration.
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Zhang, Hui, Bo Yan Xu, and Chuan Sheng Wang. "Control System of Diesel Particulate Filter Regeneration Equipment Based on LPG." Applied Mechanics and Materials 80-81 (July 2011): 709–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.80-81.709.
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This paper give a diesel particulate filter (DPF) regeneration equipment based on LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas), which the filter bodies of both the DPF were made of winded metal mesh, to fit for the high sulfur diesel. Development of performance external LPG heating regenerative devices can be completed within 20 minutes DPF regeneration. This regenerative device control system using MCU by reading the temperature controller and pressure sensor data, output analog quantity to control the frequency converters, which control blower speed to achieve the control of air flow into the burner, to achieve temperature control. To ensure system security, the use of burner control to achieve the various components of the control scheduling. It is cheap, good durability, a high degree of confidence. Because they do not use the catalyst can be regenerated, so it can be used in high-sulfur diesel.
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Fukuda, Keiichi, Masaki Ieda, Hideaki Kanazawa, Takahide Arai, and Kensuke Kimura. "Regeneration of the Sympathetic Nervous System in Heart Regeneration." Journal of Cardiac Failure 15, no. 7 (September 2009): S149. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cardfail.2009.07.171.
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Cahaya, Cindy, and Sri Lelyati C. Masulili. "Perkembangan Terkini Membran Guided Tissue Regeneration/Guided Bone Regeneration sebagai Terapi Regenerasi Jaringan Periodontal." Majalah Kedokteran Gigi Indonesia 1, no. 1 (June 1, 2015): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/majkedgiind.8810.
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Periodontitis adalah salah satu penyakit patologis yang mempengaruhi integritas sistem periodontal yang menyebabkan kerusakan jaringan periodontal yang berlanjut pada kehilangan gigi. Beberapa tahun belakangan ini banyak ketertarikan untuk melakukan usaha regenerasi jaringan periodontal, tidak saja untuk menghentikan proses perjalanan penyakit namun juga mengembalikan jaringan periodontal yang telah hilang. Sasaran dari terapi regeneratif periodontal adalah menggantikan tulang, sementum dan ligamentum periodontal pada permukaan gigi yang terkena penyakit. Prosedur regenerasi antara lain berupa soft tissue graft, bone graft, biomodifikasi akar gigi, guided tissue regeneration sertakombinasi prosedur-prosedur di atas, termasuk prosedur bedah restoratif yang berhubungan dengan rehabilitasi oral dengan penempatan dental implan. Pada tingkat selular, regenerasi periodontal adalah proses kompleks yang membutuhkan proliferasi yang terorganisasi, differensiasi dan pengembangan berbagai tipe sel untuk membentuk perlekatan periodontal. Rasionalisasi penggunaan guided tissue regeneration sebagai membran pembatas adalah menahan epitel dan gingiva jaringan pendukung, sebagai barrier membrane mempertahankan ruang dan gigi serta menstabilkan bekuan darah. Pada makalah ini akan dibahas sekilas mengenai 1. Proses penyembuhan terapi periodontal meliputi regenerasi, repair ataupun pembentukan perlekatan baru. 2. Periodontal spesific tissue engineering. 3. Berbagai jenis membran/guided tissue regeneration yang beredar di pasaran dengan keuntungan dan kerugian sekaligus karakteristik masing-masing membran. 4. Perkembangan membran terbaru sebagai terapi regenerasi penyakit periodontal. Tujuan penulisan untuk memberi gambaran masa depan mengenai terapi regenerasi yang menjanjikan sebagai perkembangan terapi penyakit periodontal. Latest Development of Guided Tissue Regeneration and Guided Bone Regeneration Membrane as Regenerative Therapy on Periodontal Tissue. Periodontitis is a patological state which influences the integrity of periodontal system that could lead to the destruction of the periodontal tissue and end up with tooth loss. Currently, there are so many researches and efforts to regenerate periodontal tissue, not only to stop the process of the disease but also to reconstruct the periodontal tissue. Periodontal regenerative therapy aims at directing the growth of new bone, cementum and periodontal ligament on the affected teeth. Regenerative procedures consist of soft tissue graft, bone graft, roots biomodification, guided tissue regeneration and combination of the procedures, including restorative surgical procedure that is connected with oral rehabilitation with implant placement. At cellular phase, periodontal regeneration is a complex process with well-organized proliferation, distinction, and development of various type of cell to form attachment of periodontal tissue. Rationalization of the use of guided tissue regeneration as barrier membrane is to prohibit the penetration of epithelial and connective tissue migration into the defect, to maintain space, and to stabilize the clot. This research discusses: 1. Healing process on periodontal therapy including regeneration, repair or formation of new attachment. 2. Periodontal specific tissue engineering. 3. Various commercially available membrane/guided tissue regeneration in the market with its advantages and disadvantages and their characteristics. 4. Recent advancement of membrane as regenerative therapy on periodontal disease. In addition, this review is presented to give an outlook for promising regenerative therapy as a part of developing knowledge and skills to treat periodontal disease.
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White, Ian A., Julie Gordon, Wayne Balkan, and Joshua M. Hare. "Sympathetic Reinnervation Is Required for Mammalian Cardiac Regeneration." Circulation Research 117, no. 12 (December 4, 2015): 990–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/circresaha.115.307465.
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Rationale: Although mammalian cardiac regeneration can occur in the neonatal period, the factors involved in this process remain to be established. Because tissue and limb regeneration require concurrent reinnervation by the peripheral nervous system, we hypothesized that cardiac regeneration also requires reinnervation. Objective: To test the hypothesis that reinnervation is required for innate neonatal cardiac regeneration. Methods and Results: We crossed a Wnt1-Cre transgenic mouse with a double-tandem Tomato reporter strain to identify neural crest-derived cell lineages including the peripheral autonomic nerves in the heart. This approach facilitated the precise visualization of subepicardial autonomic nerves in the ventricles using whole mount epifluorescence microscopy. After resection of the left ventricular apex in 2-day-old neonatal mice, sympathetic nerve structures, which envelop the heart under normal conditions, exhibited robust regrowth into the regenerating myocardium. Chemical sympathectomy inhibited sympathetic regrowth and subsequent cardiac regeneration after apical resection significantly (scar size as cross-sectional percentage of viable left ventricular myocardium, n=9; 0.87%±1.4% versus n=6; 14.05±4.4%; P <0.01). Conclusions: These findings demonstrate that the profound regenerative capacity of the neonatal mammalian heart requires sympathetic innervation. As such, these data offer significant insights into an underlying basis for inadequate adult regeneration after myocardial infarction, a situation where nerve growth is hindered by age-related influences and scar tissue.
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Qu, Luping, James Polashock, and Nicholi Vorsa. "527 A Highly Efficient in Vitro Cranberry Regeneration System using Leaf Explants." HortScience 34, no. 3 (June 1999): 536D—536. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.34.3.536d.
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We have established a very efficient cranberry regeneration (shoot organogenesis) system from leaf explants using a basal medium consisting of Anderson's salts and Murashige and Skoog (MS) organics supplemented with 1-phenyl-3-(1,2,3-thiadiazol-5-yl) urea (TDZ) and N6-(-??-dimethyallylamino) purine) (2ip). Characteristics examined include combinations of varying levels of three plant growth regulators (TDZ, 2ip, and naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), explant orientation (adaxial or abaxial side in contact with the media), and leaf position relative to the distal end of the shoot. Genotypes (`Early Black', `Pilgrim', `Stevens', `Ben Lear', and US#35) differed significantly in regeneration capacity, and there were no genotype by treatment interaction effects. Regeneration occurred on more than 95% of the explants with `Early Black' and `Pilgrim' producing as many as 100 shoot tips per explant with one particular treatment. Emerging adventitious shoots were always observed on the adaxial side of the leaves regardless of explant orientation. However, regeneration was much greater when the adaxial side was in contact with the media. Regeneration efficiency was not significantly affected by leaf position (10 leaves). Elongation of shoot tips began about 2 weeks after the regenerating explants were transferred to the basal medium without hormones and continued for several months. Elongated shoot cuttings rooted readily.
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Jung, Eunyoung, Seong-Ho Koh, Myeongjong Yoo, and Yoon Kyung Choi. "Regenerative Potential of Carbon Monoxide in Adult Neural Circuits of the Central Nervous System." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 7 (March 25, 2020): 2273. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21072273.
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Regeneration of adult neural circuits after an injury is limited in the central nervous system (CNS). Heme oxygenase (HO) is an enzyme that produces HO metabolites, such as carbon monoxide (CO), biliverdin and iron by heme degradation. CO may act as a biological signal transduction effector in CNS regeneration by stimulating neuronal intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms as well as mitochondrial biogenesis. CO may give directions by which the injured neurovascular system switches into regeneration mode by stimulating endogenous neural stem cells and endothelial cells to produce neurons and vessels capable of replacing injured neurons and vessels in the CNS. The present review discusses the regenerative potential of CO in acute and chronic neuroinflammatory diseases of the CNS, such as stroke, traumatic brain injury, multiple sclerosis and Alzheimer’s disease and the role of signaling pathways and neurotrophic factors. CO-mediated facilitation of cellular communications may boost regeneration, consequently forming functional adult neural circuits in CNS injury.
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So’Brien, G. C., and S. Satcunanathan. "Performance of a Novel Liquid Desiccant Dehumidifier/Regenerator System." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 111, no. 4 (November 1, 1989): 345–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3268333.
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A novel liquid desiccant dehumidifier/regenerator system is described in this paper. The system involves continuous dehumidification of air and simultaneous desiccant regeneration without the use of mechanical circulation. During initial tests, the measured COP was of the order of 0.3 even with regenerator temperatures as low as 50° C. Overall considerations indicated that for the purposes of solar air conditioning, this system has several important advantages over other methods.
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Zhang, Guixin, William Rodemer, Isabelle Sinitsa, Jianli Hu, and Michael E. Selzer. "Source of Early Regenerating Axons in Lamprey Spinal Cord Revealed by Wholemount Optical Clearing with BABB." Cells 9, no. 11 (November 6, 2020): 2427. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells9112427.
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Many studies of axon regeneration in the lamprey focus on 18 pairs of large identified reticulospinal (RS) neurons, whose regenerative abilities have been individually quantified. Their axons retract during the first 2 weeks after transection (TX), and many grow back to the site of injury by 4 weeks. However, locomotor movements begin before 4 weeks and the lesion is invaded by axons as early as 2 weeks post-TX. The origins of these early regenerating axons are unknown. Their identification could be facilitated by studies in central nervous system (CNS) wholemounts, particularly if spatial resolution and examination by confocal microscopy were not limited by light scattering. We have used benzyl alcohol/benzyl benzoate (BABB) clearing to enhance the resolution of neuronal perikarya and regenerated axons by confocal microscopy in lamprey CNS wholemounts, and to assess axon regeneration by retrograde and anterograde labeling with fluorescent dye applied to a second TX caudal or rostral to the original lesion, respectively. We found that over 50% of the early regenerating axons belonged to small neurons in the brainstem. Some propriospinal neurons located close to the TX also contributed to early regeneration. The number of early regenerating propriospinal neurons decreased with distance from the original lesion. Descending axons from the brainstem were labeled anterogradely by application of tracer to a second TX close to the spinal–medullary junction. This limited contamination of the data by regenerating spinal axons whose cell bodies are located rostral or caudal to the TX and confirmed the regeneration of many small RS axons as early as 2 weeks post-TX. Compared with the behavior of axotomized giant axons, the early regenerating axons were of small caliber and showed little retraction, probably because they resealed rapidly after injury.
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Kumar, PV Ram, and S. S. Kachhwaha. "Thermodynamic Performance Evaluation of Alternative Regeneration Gas Turbine Cogeneration Cycle with Two Shaft System." International Journal of Advance Research and Innovation 2, no. 2 (2014): 193–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.51976/ijari.221426.
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This paper presents thermodynamic performance evaluation of gas turbine co-generation with alternative regeneration system in comparison to simple and conventional regenerative cogeneration systems. The energetic and exergetic efficiencies have been defined. The effects of pinch point temperature (PPT) and process steam pressure used in have been investigated. For higher TITs the second law efficiency and power to heat ratio is relatively higher for alternative regeneration with cogeneration system. It is observed from the results obtained that power to heat ratio increases with increase in pinch point but first and second law efficiency decreases with an increase in pinch point. Power to heat ratio increases significantly with increase in process steam pressure but first law efficiency decreases with the same. The second law efficiency increases with increase in process steam pressure up to 1 MPa and afterwards decreases with increase in process steam pressure. Results also show that inclusion of cogeneration with alternate regeneration provides significant improvement in process heat production and second law efficiency.
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Höving, Anna L., Kazuko E. Schmidt, Barbara Kaltschmidt, Christian Kaltschmidt, and Cornelius Knabbe. "The Role of Blood-Derived Factors in Protection and Regeneration of Aged Tissues." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 17 (August 25, 2022): 9626. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23179626.
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Tissue regeneration substantially relies on the functionality of tissue-resident endogenous adult stem cell populations. However, during aging, a progressive decline in organ function and regenerative capacities impedes endogenous repair processes. Especially the adult human heart is considered as an organ with generally low regenerative capacities. Interestingly, beneficial effects of systemic factors carried by young blood have been described in diverse organs including the heart, brain and skeletal muscle of the murine system. Thus, the interest in young blood or blood components as potential therapeutic agents to target age-associated malignancies led to a wide range of preclinical and clinical research. However, the translation of promising results from the murine to the human system remains difficult. Likewise, the establishment of adequate cellular models could help to study the effects of human blood plasma on the regeneration of human tissues and particularly the heart. Facing this challenge, this review describes the current knowledge of blood plasma-mediated protection and regeneration of aging tissues. The current status of preclinical and clinical research examining blood borne factors that act in stem cell-based tissue maintenance and regeneration is summarized. Further, examples of cellular model systems for a more detailed examination of selected regulatory pathways are presented.
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Viera-Vera, Jorge, and José E. García-Arrarás. "Retinoic Acid Signaling Is Associated with Cell Proliferation, Muscle Cell Dedifferentiation, and Overall Rudiment Size during Intestinal Regeneration in the Sea Cucumber, Holothuria glaberrima." Biomolecules 9, no. 12 (December 13, 2019): 873. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom9120873.
Full textAbstract:
Almost every organism has the ability of repairing damaged tissues or replacing lost and worn out body parts, nevertheless the degree of the response substantially differs between each species. Adult sea cucumbers from the Holothuria glaberrima species can eviscerate various organs and the intestinal system is the first one to regenerate. This process involves the formation of a blastema-like structure that derives from the torn mesentery edges by the intervention of specific cellular processes (e.g., cell dedifferentiation and division). Still, the genetic networks controlling the regenerative response in this model system are just starting to be unraveled. In this work we examined if and how the retinoic acid (RA) signaling pathway is involved in the regenerative response of this deuterostome. We first identified and characterized the holothurian orthologs for short chain dehydrogenase/reductase 7 (SDR7) and aldehyde dehydrogenase family 8A1 (ALDH8A1), two enzymes respectively associated with retinaldehyde and RA anabolism. We then showed that the SDR7 transcript was differentially expressed during specific stages of intestinal regeneration while ALDH8A1 did not show significant differences in regenerating tissues when compared to those of normal (non-eviscerated) organisms. Finally, we investigated the consequences of modulating RA signaling during intestinal regeneration using pharmacological tools. We showed that application of an inhibitor (citral) of the enzyme synthesizing RA or a retinoic acid receptor (RAR) antagonist (LE135) resulted in organisms with a significantly smaller intestinal rudiment when compared to those treated with DMSO (vehicle). The two inhibitors caused a reduction in cell division and cell dedifferentiation in the new regenerate when compared to organisms treated with DMSO. Results of treatment with tazarotene (an RAR agonist) were not significantly different from the control. Taken together, these results suggest that the RA signaling pathway is regulating the cellular processes that are crucial for intestinal regeneration to occur. Thus, RA might be playing a role in echinoderm regeneration that is similar to what has been described in other animal systems.
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Ng, Wenfa. "Developing an Ethanol Utilization Pathway based NADH Regeneration System in Escherichia coli." Biotechnology and Bioprocessing 2, no. 9 (November 2, 2021): 01–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2766-2314/059.
Full textAbstract:
Interests remain in searching for cofactor regeneration system with higher efficiency at lower substrate cost. Glucose dehydrogenase (GDH) system has been dominant in NADH regeneration, but it only has a theoretical yield of one NADH per glucose molecule. This work sought to explore the utility of a two-step ethanol utilization pathway (EUP) in pathway-based NADH regeneration. The pathway runs from ethanol to acetaldehyde and to acetyl-CoA with each step generating one NADH, that together results in a higher theoretical yield of two NADH per ethanol molecule. In this project, anaerobic biotransformation of ketone (acetophenone or butanone) to alcohol by cpsADH from Candida parapsilosis was used as readout for evaluating relative efficacy and operating modes for EUP cofactor regeneration in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). Experiment tests validated that EUP was more efficient than GDH in NADH regeneration. Further, growing cell delivered higher biotransformation efficiency compared to resting cell due to the driving force generated by cell growth. Finally, preculture or cultivation in M9 + 10 g/L ethanol medium delivered higher biotransformation efficiency compared to LB medium. Overall, EUP could help regenerate NADH in support of a biocatalytic reaction, and is more efficient in cofactor regeneration than GDH.