Relevant bibliographies by topics / Reg. 2201/2003

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Reg. 2201/2003'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 9 March 2023
Last updated: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Reg. 2201/2003"

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Albæk, Erik. "Tim Knudsen og Ditlev Tamm m.il. (red.), Dansk Forvaltningshistorie: Ski f, Forvaltning og Samfund, 3 bind. Kobenhavn: Jurist- og Økonomforbundets Forlas. 2000, 2204 s. Samlet pris for alle tre bind: kr. 1500rindividuelt for Bind I (Fra til 1901): kr. 800." Politica 32, no. 4 (January 1, 2000): 470. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/politica.v32i4.68420.

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Tim Knudsen og Ditlev Tamm m.il. (red.), Dansk Forvaltningshistorie: Ski f, Forvaltning og Samfund, 3 bind. Kobenhavn: Jurist- og Økonomforbundets Forlas. 2000, 2204 s. Samlet pris for alle tre bind: kr. 1500rindividuelt for Bind I (Fra til 1901): kr. 800, Bind II (Fra 1901-1953): kr. 800, bind 3 (Efter 1950): kr. 275.
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2

Fedorova, M., and O. Larina. "Milk productivity of maternal families of Red-and-White breed of cattle." Glavnyj zootehnik (Head of Animal Breeding), no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 32–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/sel-03-2001-04.

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An important reserve for improving the effectiveness of milk production is the creation of highly productive breeds of cattle by improving them. Families, which are an integral part of the herd structure are essential in this case. Maternal families play a very important role in breeding work to increase the milk productivity. The milk yield, content of protein and fat in milk, udder shape and teats, milk flow rate are actually measured only on females. In the best factory families identify the most promising highly productive cows, which are subsequently used to obtain sires, which often becoming the ancestors of the lines. The main purpose of working with the family is to develop in the offspring of valuable qualities of the ancestor by mating her, her daughters and granddaughters with the best sires belonging to the best line, to obtain high-value off spring. 26 families, which differ on age, level of productivity, quantity of highly productive cows are allocated in the farms in the Voronezh region. According to the development of breeding characteristics of the family to varying degrees deviate from the indicators of the herd. The best results on milk yield have been obtained in the families: Martha 113, Vishnya 1208, Malvina 166, Skoda 8 and Putana 1312, which exceed the average for the herd from 428 to 1019 kg, or from 7,2 to 17,1 %. On the content of fat in milk the superiority of families was revealed: Drofa 752 by 0,23 %, Soroka 2206 by 0,21 %, Manyunya 1013 by 0,19 %, Kukla 1252 by 0,11 %. In terms of protein content in milk the best families were: Spring 8028 by 0,07 %, Boyarka 2118 by 0,04 %, Vishnya 1208 and Soroka 2206 by 0,03 %. Thus, in order to increase the efficiency of milk production in the Voronezh region it is necessary to use selection of maternal families most widely.
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3

Turhan, Aslihan, Pegah Jenab, Pierre Bruhns, Jeffrey V. Ravetch, Barry S. Coller, and Paul S. Frenette. "Intravenous immune globulin prevents venular vaso-occlusion in sickle cell mice by inhibiting leukocyte adhesion and the interactions between sickle erythrocytes and adherent leukocytes." Blood 103, no. 6 (March 15, 2004): 2397–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2003-07-2209.

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Abstract Sickle cell vaso-occlusion is a complex multistep process likely involving heterotypic interactions among sickle erythrocytes (red blood cells [RBCs]), leukocytes (white blood cells [WBCs]), and endothelial cells. Recent data using intravital microscopy in a sickle cell mouse model suggest that adherent leukocytes in postcapillary venules play a critical role in vaso-occlusion by capturing circulating sickle RBCs. In the course of studies to investigate the adhesion receptors mediating sickle RBC-WBC interactions, we found that control nonspecific immunoglobulin G (IgG) preparations displayed significant inhibitory activity. As a result, we studied the effects of commercial intravenous human immune globulin (IVIG) preparations and found that IVIG inhibits RBC-WBC interactions in cremasteric venules in a dose-dependent manner. IVIG of at least 200 mg/kg dramatically reduced these interactions, even after tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) stimulation, and not only increased microcirculatory blood flow but also improved survival of sickle cell mice. These data raise the possibility that IVIG may have a beneficial effect on sickle cell–associated vaso-occlusion.
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4

Nosa, Vili, Dudley Gentles, Marewa Glover, Robert Scragg, Judith McCool, and Chris Bullen. "Prevalence and risk factors for tobacco smoking among pre-adolescent Pacific children in New Zealand." Journal of Primary Health Care 6, no. 3 (2014): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hc14181.

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INTRODUCTION: Pacific New Zealanders have a high prevalence of smoking, with many first smoking in their pre-adolescent years. AIM: To identify risk factors for tobacco smoking among Pacific pre-adolescent intermediate school children. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey of 2208 Pacific students aged between 10 and 13 years from four South Auckland intermediate schools who were asked about their smoking behaviour between the years 2007 and 2009. RESULTS: The prevalence of Pacific ever-smokers (for 2007) in Year 7 was 15.0% (95% Confidence Interval [CI] 12.0%–18.3%) and Year 8, 23.0% (95% CI 19.5%–26.7%). Multivariate modelling showed the risk factors for ever-smoking were Cook Island ethnic group (OR 1.72; 95% CI 1.26–2.36, ref=Samoan), boys (OR 1.47; 95% CI 1.14–1.89), age (OR 1.65; 95% CI 1.36–2.00), exposure to smoking in a car within the previous seven days (OR 2.24; 95% CI 1.67–3.01), anyone smoking at home within the previous seven days (OR 1.52; 95% CI 1.12–2.04) and receiving more than $NZ20 per week as pocket money/allowance (OR=1.91, 95% CI 1.23–2.96). DISCUSSION: Parents control and therefore can modify identified risk factors for Pacific children’s smoking initiation: exposure to smoking at home or in the car and the amount of weekly pocket money the child receives. Primary health care professionals should advise Pacific parents to make their homes and cars smokefree and to monitor their children’s spending. This study also suggests a particular need for specific Cook Island smokefree promotion and cessation resources. KEYWORDS: Adolescent; child; ethnic group; New Zealand; Pacific; smoking
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Yue, H., and Y. Liu. "ANALYSIS OF DYNAMIC CHANGEOF HONG JIANNAO LAKE BASED ON SCALED SOIL MOISTURE MONITORING INDEX." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-3 (April 30, 2018): 2201–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-3-2201-2018.

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to climate change and human activities, Hong Jiannao Lake located in the arid and semi-arid area of China, it played a very important role in the regulation of the local climate, the balance of water resources and the maintenance of biological diversity. Hongjiannao Lake area in recent years continues to shrink, it was urgent to get the Hongjiannao Lake area change trend. This article take Hongjiannao Lake as study object using MODIS image of NIR and Red wavelength reflectivity data, selected April to October of 2000-2014,consturcted scale of SMMI (S-SMMI) based on soil moisture monitoring index (SMMI). The result indicated that lake area reduced from 46.9&amp;thinsp;km<sup>2</sup> in 2000 to 27.8&amp;thinsp;km<sup>2</sup> in 2014, average decay rate is 1.3&amp;thinsp;km<sup>2</sup>/a. The lake’s annual change showed a trend of periodic change. In general, the lake area began to increase slowly each year in April, and the area of the lake area reached the maximum, and then decreased gradually in June to July. Finally, we analysed the main driving factors included natural, man-made, and underground mining which lead to the lake area shrink.
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Cherie, D., M. Makky, F. Yuwita, J. A. Sinambela, Melidawati, W. K. Fauziah, S. Rahmi, and M. Guspa. "The Effect of Time and RPM on the Saponification Process to Get High Carotenoids." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1059, no. 1 (July 1, 2022): 012013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1059/1/012013.

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Abstract Red palm oil (RPO) is derived from the FFB of palm oil. Carotene in red palm oil or red palm oil cannot be obtained by ordinary processes. Various attempts were made to obtain carotene compounds by various methods of separation (extraction). Therefore, this study attempted to study the effect of the time and rotational speed of the rotary evaporator on the yield of carotenoid concentrates formed in the saponification process so that it would produce optimum carotenoid concentrates seen from the content of carotene and DOBI produced. The sample used was crude palm oil (CPO) which was processed in stages, namely transesterification, solvates micellization (SM), and saponification. The treatment was carried out in the saponification process, namely stirring time for 1.5 hours and 2 hours with each rotating speed of 1800 rpm, 2000 rpm, and 2200 rpm. In each process, carotenoids and DOBI values will increase. In the saponification process, the best treatment that produces high carotene and optimum DOBI is the stirring process at a speed of 1800 rpm for 1.5 hours. The time of stirring in the saponification process has a real effect on the value of carotene and the DOBI index.
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Kupriyanov, Igor N., Yuri N. Palyanov, Alexander A. Kalinin, and Vladislav S. Shatsky. "Effect of HPHT Treatment on Spectroscopic Features of Natural Type Ib-IaA Diamonds Containing Y Centers." Crystals 10, no. 5 (May 7, 2020): 378. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst10050378.

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In this paper, we report a spectroscopic study of natural type Ib-IaA diamonds containing Y centers subjected to high-pressure high-temperature treatment at 7–7.5 GPa and 1700–2200 °C. Diamond samples showing the Y centers as the dominant absorption feature in the infrared spectra were selected from a collection of natural diamonds from alluvial placers of the northeastern Siberian Platform. The samples were investigated by spectroscopic techniques before and after each annealing stage. It was found that upon annealing at temperatures higher than 2000°C, the defect-induced one-phonon spectra changed from the Y centers to a new form with a characteristic band peaking at 1060 cm−1. Photoluminescence spectra of the samples were modified after each annealing stage starting from 1700 °C. The most significant changes in photoluminescence occurred at temperatures higher than 2000 °C and were associated with a sharp increase of the intensity of an emission band peaking at about 690 nm. A comparison with natural red-luminescing diamonds from Yakutian kimberlite pipes was performed. It was concluded that the observed 1060 cm−1 IR band and the 690 nm red emission band are genetically related to the Y centers and that defects or impurities responsible for the Y centers appear quite widespread in natural diamonds from various deposits worldwide.
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Romero, Jose R., Alicia Rivera, Adriana Muñiz, Ronald Nagel, and Mary E. Fabry. "Arginine Diet for Sickle Transgenic Mice Reduces Endothelin-1-Stimulated Gardos Channel Activity." Blood 110, no. 11 (November 16, 2007): 3399. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v110.11.3399.3399.

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Abstract Arginine (ARG) supplementation (5% arginine in chow) restores plasma ARG levels in S+S-Antilles mice to that found in C57BL mice and is associated with a reduction in Ca++ activated K+ channel (Gardos channel) activity, MCHC and high density red cells (Romero, Blood 99(4):2002). However the mechanisms for these effects are not entirely clear. Endothelin-1 (ET) is a potent vasoconstrictor that has been shown to activate Gardos channel activity and reduce MCHC. We hypothesized that reduced ET could account for the decrease in Gardos channel activity. We report here that arginine diet reduced ET levels in mouse plasma from 137 ± 10 to 89 ± 17 pmol/ml using a modified HPLC technique originally proposed by Kumarathasan (Anal Biochem299:37, 2001). We measured Gardos channel activity in ex vivo red cells as the influx of 86Rb in the presence or absence 10μM clotrimazole. Consistent with our previous report, we observed that ARG supplementation was associated with a decrease in Gardos Channel activity. In addition, incubation of red cells with 500 nmol/L of ET for 15 min at 37°C stimulated an increase in Gardos channel activity in cells from both ARG supplemented vs non-supplemented mice that was sensitive to 1 mmol/L of the specific ET receptor B antagonist, BQ788 (9.4 ± 2.5 vs 14.6 ± 3.8 mmol/L cell x h, respectively). However, the maximal response of the Gardos channel activity to ET was significantly blunted in ARG supplemented vs non-supplemented mice (15.7 ± 2.8 vs 22.1 ± 2.2 mmol/L cell x h, p<0.03, n=5). We also performed QT-RT PCR using Taqman assays on aortas from these mice and observed that mRNA expression of both ET and ET receptor A levels were significantly decreased in ARG supplemented vs non-supplemented mice (p<0.05, n=5) while ET receptor B levels were not significantly affected (n=5). Thus, our results suggest that reduced ET is in part responsible for the blunted Gardos channel activity in arginine supplemented mice and raises the possibility that ET metabolism is modulated by arginine supplementation. We conclude that arginine supplementation of sickle cell patients may have multiple benefits including reduced polymer formation, reduced vasoconstriction, and reduced inflammatory response.
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Ceballos Garcia, Grey Yuliet, Claudia Patricia Lopera Escobar, and Ángela Susana Lopera. "Perfil demográfico e de mortalidade infantil do programa “Bom Começo”, Medellín 2009-2016." Revista Ciencia y Cuidado 17, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 18–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.22463/17949831.1536.

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Introducción: El Objetivo de Desarrollo Sostenible número 3 tiene entre sus metas poner fin a las muertes evitables de recién nacidos y menores de 5 años. Una de las estrategias que puede aportar al cumplimiento de esta meta es el programa “Buen Comienzo”. Objetivo: examinar variables sociodemográficas y de mortalidad infantil de los niños menores de un año que participaron del programa Buen Comienzo del Municipio de Medellín en el periodo de 2009 a 2016. Materiales y métodos: estudio cuantitativo descriptivo de corte trasversal, utilizando base de datos secundarias del municipio de Medellín. Se calcularon frecuencias absolutas y relativas de las variables, además de la razón de prevalencia e indicadores de mortalidad infantil y neonatal para Medellín. Se analizaron 48.344 registros. Resultados: la no afiliación de los niños al sistema de salud pasó de 22,1 % en 2009 a 4,4 % en 2016. Más del 50 % de los participantes no estaban inscritos en el programa de Crecimiento y Desarrollo. En el periodo murieron 42 menores, el 59 % eran del sexo masculino. Las principales causas de muerte fueron las malformaciones congénitas, deformaciones y anomalías cromosómicas (23,8 %), enfermedades del sistema respiratorio (19 %), enfermedades infecciosas y parasitarias (7,3 %). Conclusión: el coeficiente de mortalidad infantil del programa Buen Comienzo fue menor, comparado con la tasa de mortalidad infantil para Medellín. La mortalidad infantil es el resultado de una compleja red de determinantes y las acciones necesarias para salvar sus vidas son conocidas. El desafío que se sigue teniendo es trasferir lo que ya se sabe a la acción.
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KHATIWADA, JANAK RAJ, GUO CHENG SHU, SHOU HONG WANG, ARJUN THAPA, BIN WANG, and JIANPING JIANG. "A new species of the genus Microhyla (Anura: Microhylidae) from Eastern Nepal." Zootaxa 4254, no. 2 (April 12, 2017): 221. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4254.2.4.

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A new species of the genus Microhyla is described from Jamun Khadi, Jhapa district of eastern Nepal, based on molecular and morphological comparisons. This species is the sister taxon of Microhyla ornata and can be distinguished by a unique vocalization, morphology and molecular phylogeny. The uncorrected genetic divergences based on rRNA gene between the new species and its closest congeners, M. nilphamariensis, M. ornata and M. rubra were 5.34%, 6.67%, and 8.31%, respectively. The new species, Microhyla taraiensis sp. nov., is distinguished from each other of Microhyla by a combination of the following morphological characters: (1) relatively larger body size (SVL ranges 19.9–20.3 mm, n = 4 in the males and 22.1–24.9 mm, n = 3 in the females); (2) dorsal surface of head and body with light red dots; (3) toes webbing poorly developed or absent; (4) a large round inner metacarpal tubercle; and an (5) elongated outer metacarpal tubercle. In addition, our study also provides a new record of Microhyla nilphamariensis from Nepal.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Reg. 2201/2003"

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TARRICONE, SILVIA. "L'effettività della tutela giurisdizionale civile minorile. Premesse per uno studio." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/7885.

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Lo studio condotto si propone di osservare il sistema delle tutele giurisdizionali civili minorili, mettendone in evidenza i punti di maggiore criticità. La ricerca viene condotta assumendo a criterio guida il principio di effettività della tutela giurisdizionale, ricostruito nei suoi formanti, attingendo all'elaborazione dottrinale e giurisprudenziale per l'assenza di un'espressa definizione normativa. Individuateni i corollari minimi nel c.d. principio dell'accesso al Giudice, del giusto processo e dell'utilità del rimedio giurisdizionale, l'indagine prosegue tra spazio giuridico interno e sovranazionale, ricostruendo la soggettività giuridica del minore ed esaminando alcune tra le questioni che il dibattito scientifico evidenzia in argomento.Il sindacato sul tema di indagine prescelto prosegue, affrontando l'esame dei temi della competenza in materia minorile, del rito e delle garanzie fondamentali del processo e dell'esecuzione ed attuazione dei provvedimenti. Lo studio si conclude con la formulazione di alcune perfettibili soluzioni di riforma del sistema osservato che esprimano i principi sanciti anche nel consesso sovranazionale e garantiscano al soggetto in formazione di ottenere per il tramite del rimedio giurisdizionale "tutto quello e proprio quello che ha diritto di ottenere".
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Phillips, Jillian. "THREE STUDIES INVESTIGATING THE LEGAL LIABILITY IMPLICATIONS OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2010. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/2251.

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This dissertation examines the litigation and legal liability exposure of auditors related to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (SOX). Three separate studies were conducted to examine how auditor s litigation exposure is evaluated by potential litigants (lawyers), and how auditor liability is evaluated by jurors, following the bankruptcy of a client. The first study examines whether the auditor s SOX Section 404 reporting decisions influence lawyers assessments of their litigation exposure. The second study investigates whether voluntary disclosures of significant deficiencies in internal controls within the SOX Section 404 report, and the subjectivity of the internal control judgments made by the auditor, influence jurors perceptions of auditor liability for negligence. The third study examines how the requirements of SOX Section 302 related to audit committee independence and audit committee expertise influence jurors perceptions of auditor independence and auditor liability for negligence. Overall, these three studies provide insights on how different provisions of SOX, specifically the Section 404 report and audit committee requirements, influence the likelihood that auditors will be sued and the likelihood that they will be held liable by a jury.
Ph.D.
Kenneth G. Dixon School of Accounting
Business Administration
Business Administration PhD
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Books on the topic "Reg. 2201/2003"

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Borisov, A. N. Kommentariĭ k Federalʹnomu zakonu ot 29 ii︠u︡li︠a︡ 1998 g. no. 135-FZ "Ob ot︠s︡enochnoĭ dei︠a︡telʹnosti v Rossiĭskoĭ Federat︠s︡ii": V red. Federalʹnykh zakonov ot 21 dekabri︠a︡ 2001 g. no. 178-FZ, ot 21 marta 2002 g. no. 31-FZ, ot 14 noi︠a︡bri︠a︡ 2002 g. no. 143-FZ, ot 10 i︠a︡nvari︠a︡ 2003 g. no. 15-FZ, ot 27 fevrali︠a︡ 2003 g. no. 29-FZ, ot 22 agusta 2004 g. no. 122-FZ, ot 5 i︠a︡nvari︠a︡ 2006 g. no. 7-FZ, ot 27 ii︠u︡li︠a︡ 2006 g. no. 157-FZ, ot 5 fevrali︠a︡ 2007 g. no. 13-FZ, ot 13 ii︠u︡li︠a︡ 2007 g. no. 129-FZ, ot 24 ii︠u︡li︠a︡ 2007 g. no. 220-FZ i ot 30 ii︠u︡ni︠a︡ 2008 no. 108-FZ : postateĭnyĭ. Moskva: I︠U︡stit︠s︡inform, 2009.

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Borisov, A. N. Kommentariĭ k Federalʹnomu zakonu ot 29 ii︠u︡li︠a︡ 1998 g. no. 135-FZ "Ob ot︠s︡enochnoĭ dei︠a︡telʹnosti v Rossiĭskoĭ Federat︠s︡ii": V red. Federalʹnykh zakonov ot 21 dekabri︠a︡ 2001 g. no. 178-FZ, ot 21 marta 2002 g. no. 31-FZ, ot 14 noi︠a︡bri︠a︡ 2002 g. no. 143-FZ, ot 10 i︠a︡nvari︠a︡ 2003 g. no. 15-FZ, ot 27 fevrali︠a︡ 2003 g. no. 29-FZ, ot 22 agusta 2004 g. no. 122-FZ, ot 5 i︠a︡nvari︠a︡ 2006 g. no. 7-FZ, ot 27 ii︠u︡li︠a︡ 2006 g. no. 157-FZ, ot 5 fevrali︠a︡ 2007 g. no. 13-FZ, ot 13 ii︠u︡li︠a︡ 2007 g. no. 129-FZ, ot 24 ii︠u︡li︠a︡ 2007 g. no. 220-FZ i ot 30 ii︠u︡ni︠a︡ 2008 no. 108-FZ : postateĭnyĭ. Moskva: I︠U︡stit︠s︡inform, 2009.

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3

Emilia Pardo Bazán y las artes del espectáculo. Real Academia Galega, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.32766/rag.220.

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Dende o ano 2004 a Casa-Museo Emilia Pardo Bazán puxo en marcha unha nova iniciativa: a creación dun Simposio, de periodicidade anual, onde se desen cita tanto recoñecidos estudosos como novos investigadores interesados na vida e na obra da autora de Los pazos de Ulloa. Durante catro anos as celebracións do simposio foron organizándose respecto a diferentes temas, relacionados sempre coas múltiples facetas literarias da escritora coruñesa. O volume que agora presentamos compila, pois, as colaboracións presentadas na edición do ano 2007, na que tivo lugar IV Simposio, titulado Emilia Pardo Bazán y las artes del espectáculo.
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Lourdes-Marie, Mazile. Agreement Between the United Nations and the Government of Haiti Concerning the Status of the United Nations Operation in Haiti, 9th July 2004 (2271 UNTS 251, UN Reg No 1-40460), OXIO 300. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law-oxio/e300.013.1.

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Book chapters on the topic "Reg. 2201/2003"

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Farnsworth, John Seibert. "Notes from the H. J. Andrews Experimental Forest." In Nature beyond Solitude, 115–48. Cornell University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501747281.003.0004.

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This chapter details the author's field notes from the H. J. Andrews Experimental Forest. The author was awarded a two-week residency in the forest through the Spring Creek Project, which is administered through Oregon State University. The project began in 2003 and will continue until 2203, fully funded. The mission is to keep a “Forest Log” of ecological reflections for two centuries. The chapter then recounts the author's identification of the trees and plants. The trees include Douglas-firs, western hemlock, western red cedars, and Pacific silver firs. Meanwhile, the plants include the Low Oregon grape, trillium, and Linnaea borealis, better known as “twinflower.” However, there were no blooms to speak of at the end of October.
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Conference papers on the topic "Reg. 2201/2003"

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Elyyan, Mohammad A., and Danesh K. Tafti. "LES Investigation of Flow and Heat Transfer in a Channel With Dimples and Protrusions." In ASME Turbo Expo 2007: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2007-27811.

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LES calculations are conducted for flow in a channel with dimples and protrusions on opposite walls with both surfaces heated at three Reynolds numbers, ReH = 220, 940, and 9300 ranging from laminar, weakly turbulent to fully turbulent, respectively. Turbulence generated by the separated shear layer in the dimple and along the downstream rim of the dimple is primarily responsible for heat transfer augmentation on the dimple surface. On the other hand, augmentation on the protrusion surface is mostly driven by flow impingement and flow acceleration between protrusions, while the turbulence generated in the wake has a secondary effect. Heat transfer augmentation ratios of 0.99 at ReH = 220, 2.9 at ReH = 940, and 2.5 at ReH = 9300 are obtained. Both skin friction and form losses contribute to pressure drop in the channel, with form losses increasing from 45% to 80% with an increase in the Reynolds number. Friction coefficient augmentation ratios of 1.67, 4.82 and 6.37 are obtained at ReH = 220, 940, and 9300, respectively. Based on the geometry studied, it is found that dimples and protrusions may not be viable heat transfer augmentation surfaces when the flow is steady and laminar.
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Hao, Y. L., and Y. X. Tao. "Packing Characteristics and Its Effect on Heat Transfer Characteristics in Melting of Granular Packed Bed Subject to Horizonal Forced Convection." In ASME 2002 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2002-39394.

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A series of experiments are conducted to investigate the characteristics and its effect on the melting and heat of a packed bed consisting of melting ice particles to horizontal forced convection. The volumes and situations of the melting ganular packed beds are by the visualization observations and measurements digital camcorders within the range of Re = 71 ~ 2291, Gr/Re2 = 1.48×10−5 ~ 17.32, and Ste = 0.0444 ~ 0.385, respectively. The mass of ice particles is measured at the time interval during the melting process. Two types of pattern can be found under the different conditions. The different types of heat transfer characteristics emerge in type of packing pattern. The correlations for each type of pattern are obtained based on the experimental results.
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Srinivasan, S. S., N. Kislov, Yu Emirov, D. Y. Goswami, and E. K. Stefanakos. "Investigation of ZnFe2O4 Nanoparticles Prepared by High Energy Milling." In ASME 2009 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2009-11573.

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Nanoparticles of Zinc Ferrite (ZnFe2O4) prepared by both wet- and dry- high-energy ball milling (HEBM), have been investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), surface area and pore size distribution (BET) and wavelength-dependent diffuse reflectance and scattering turned into absorption coefficient estimation using the Kubelka-Munk theory. It was found that after 72 hours of HEBM, the particle size was decreased from 220 nm for the initial material to 16.5 nm and 9.4 nm for the wet- and dry-milled samples, respectively. The optical absorption analysis revealed that the energy gap is increased (blue shift) by 0.45 eV for wet-milled and decreased (“anomalous” red shift) by 0.15 eV for dry-milled samples of ZnFe2O4 as the particle size decreased.
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4

Wibel, Wolf, and Peter Ehrhard. "Experiments on the Laminar/Turbulent Transition of Liquid Flows in Rectangular Micro Channels." In ASME 2007 5th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icnmm2007-30037.

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The advances of micro-fabrication techniques allow for the manufacturing of micro heat exchangers or micro reactors. These micro devices are characterized by a large surface-to-volume ratio and, hence, allow for the transfer of large heat fluxes or offer large catalytic surfaces for reactions. The design and optimization of such micro devices heavily relies on correlations for pressure drop and heat transfer, as well as on information on the laminar/turbulent transition. As these questions are still discussed controversially in literature, a careful investigation appears highly desirable. We concentrate onto rectangular stainless steel micro channels with a hydraulic diameter of dh ≅ 133 μm. Three aspect ratios are engaged, namely 1:1, 1:2, 1:5, whereas the hydraulic diameter is kept constant. The average roughness depth of the channel walls is r ≅ 1–2 μm in general, specific channels are of roughness r ≅ 25 μm. Filtered and degassed deionized water is driven at pressure differences up to 20 bar through the channels, allowing for Reynolds numbers up to Re = 4000. The measuring techniques allow for a highly-accurate determination (i) of the mass flow rate (precision weighting), (ii) of the temperatures at inlet and outlet, (iii) of the pressure drop, and (iv) of the time-resolved velocity field (μPIV). We find from all measured quantities — consistently — the laminar/turbulent transition for smooth channels in the range Rec = 1900–2200, in agreement with findings for macroscopic channels. The influence of rough channel walls appears particularly strong for the micro channels of aspect ratio 1:5 (Rec = 1000). This raises the question, whether the dimensionless group (r/dh) remains the relevant parameter at extreme aspect ratios. In this article we focus on the μPIV results.
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5

Filippi, J. F., D. Arnoux, N. Tubiana, B. Boutière, F. Le Caär, J. Sampol, Lab Hématol, Pr J. Sampol, and Pr Y. Carcassonne. "PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR ACTIVITY OF NORMAL AND MALIGNANT MONONUCLEAR HUMAN CELLS." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643167.

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Plasminogen activators (PA) are thought to play a role in the invasive and metastatic properties of many types of cancer cells. Though, discrepancies in correlations between fibrinolytic activity and metastatic potential of malignant cells have been described.In this study, we evaluated both tissue type (tPA) and urokinase type (UK) cellular PA activities in different mononuclear cell types : normal T and B human peripheral lymphocytes, B cells from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), human blood monocytes, alveolar macrophages, U 937, RAJI and JM cell 1ines.Mononuclear cells were isolated by Ficoll-hypaque gradients and monocytes by plastic adhesion. T and B cells were separated by a rosetting technique using sheep red blood cells. Cellular extracts were prepared by 0.5 % Triton X 100 buffer treatment followed by sonication and centrifugation 10 ' at 2000 g. PA assays were performed on the supernatants.UK-type PA was evaluated by a liquid-phase assay in presence of human plasminogen (Kabi) and chromogenic substrate S 2251 (Kabi).tPA was determinated using a solid-phase fibrin activity assay which involves an affinity separation step and thus allows selective detection of tPA.In both cases, results were reported in international units by reference to standard curves of UK (Choay) or tPA (Kabi).In all cell types tested, PA detected was essentially urokinase-type. Highest PA activity was found in U 937 cells (0.7 IU/5×l06 cells). In normal blood lymphocytes, mean PA activity was 0.08 IU/5×l06 cells. Examination of lymphocytes from patients with CLL revealed a marked decrease in UK activity as compared to normals (< 0.01 IU/5×106 cells in more than 50 % cases).The function of PA in normal lymphocyte physiology and the potential pathogenic role of diminished PA in CLL lymphocytes remains to be investigated.
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