Relevant bibliographies by topics / Refuse as fuel – Ontario

Academic literature on the topic 'Refuse as fuel – Ontario'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Refuse as fuel – Ontario"

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Nabeshima, Yoshiro. "RDF (Refuse Derived Fuel). Technical Evaluation of Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF)." Waste Management Research 7, no. 4 (1996): 294–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.3985/wmr.7.294.

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Nishimura, Kiyoshi. "RDF (Refuse Derived Fuel). Facility and Operation of Refuse Derived Fuel Systems for Urban Garbage." Waste Management Research 7, no. 4 (1996): 338–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3985/wmr.7.338.

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Nowak, Martyna. "Features of Refuse Derived Fuel in Poland – Physicochemical Properties and Availability of Refuse Derived Fuel." Journal of Ecological Engineering 24, no. 3 (March 1, 2023): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.12911/22998993/157159.

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Haydary, Juma. "Gasification of Refuse-Derived Fuel (RDF)." GeoScience Engineering 62, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/gse-2016-0007.

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Abstract In this work, the gasification of a fraction of municipal solid waste, MSW, generally separated from inorganic materials and biodegradable components, the so-called refuse-derived fuel (RDF), was studied using material characterisation methods, and the modelling of an industrial scale process was presented. The composition of RDF was determined by the separation of a representative sample into its basic components (paper, foils, hard plastics, textiles). All RDF components as well as a representative mixed sample of the RDF were studied using a thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), elemental analysis and bomb calorimetry to determine their proximate and elemental compositions, and a higher heating value. An industrial scale gasification process was studied by mathematical modelling and computer simulations. All techniques, gasification with air, gasification with oxygen, and gasification with both oxygen and steam were investigated under different conditions. The RDF conversion of 100 % was achieved by the gasification with air at the air to RDF mass ratio of 3.2. The gas heating value was 4.4 MJ/Nm3. The gasification of RDF using oxygen enables the production of gas with the heating value of around 10 MJ/Nm3 at the oxygen to RDF mass ratio of 0.65. By increasing the steam to the RDF mass ratio, the contents of H2 and CO2 increased, while the content of CO, reactor temperature and the gas heating value decreased.
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YANG, XUEMIN, YOSHINORI ITATA, SHIGENOBU HATANO, RYOHEI YAMAZAKI, and SHIGEKATSU MORI. "Pyrolysis Behavior of Refuse Derived Fuel." JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF JAPAN 34, no. 1 (2001): 91–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1252/jcej.34.91.

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NAMBA, Kunihiko, Kyoji KIMOTO, Eiji FUJITA, and Tsuyoshi NAKAJIMA. "Devolatilization of Pulverized Refuse-Derived Fuel." Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series B 64, no. 621 (1998): 1499–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaib.64.1499.

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Lin, Kuen-Song, H. Paul Wang, S. H. Liu, Ni-Bin Chang, Y. J. Huang, and H. C. Wang. "Pyrolysis kinetics of refuse-derived fuel." Fuel Processing Technology 60, no. 2 (July 1999): 103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-3820(99)00043-0.

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Boesmans, B. "Refuse derived fuel in the Netherlands." Conservation & Recycling 9, no. 1 (January 1986): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0361-3658(86)90130-x.

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Laosena, Rattikal, Arkom Palamanit, Montri Luengchavanon, Jitralada Kittijaruwattana, Charoen Nakason, Seng Hua Lee, and Aujchariya Chotikhun. "Characterization of Mixed Pellets Made from Rubberwood (Hevea brasiliensis) and Refuse-Derived Fuel (RDF) Waste as Pellet Fuel." Materials 15, no. 9 (April 25, 2022): 3093. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15093093.

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The objective of this study was to investigate the production and properties of mixed pellets made from rubberwood (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg) and refuse-derived fuel (RDF) waste with no added binder. Three different conditions of mixed pellets were developed to compare their chemical and physical properties to rubberwood pellets. The produced samples were subjected to both ultimate and proximate analyses. The contents of C, H, N, S, and Cl significantly increased with the increasing amount of refuse-derived fuel in the samples, resulting in reduction of the volatile matter. The mechanical durability of the pellet samples ranged between an average value of 98 and 99%. Mixed pellets containing 50% of rubberwood and 50% of refuse-derived fuel have improved heating values by 22.21% compared to rubberwood pellets. Moreover, mixed pellets having 50% of wood and 50% of refuse-derived fuel had the highest density and the highest energy compared to the other samples. Based on the findings of this study, it appears that the manufactured mixed pellets have the potential to be used as high-energy fuel.
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Laosena, Rattikal, Arkom Palamanit, Montri Luengchavanon, Jitralada Kittijaruwattana, Charoen Nakason, Seng Hua Lee, and Aujchariya Chotikhun. "Characterization of Mixed Pellets Made from Rubberwood (Hevea brasiliensis) and Refuse-Derived Fuel (RDF) Waste as Pellet Fuel." Materials 15, no. 9 (April 25, 2022): 3093. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15093093.

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The objective of this study was to investigate the production and properties of mixed pellets made from rubberwood (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg) and refuse-derived fuel (RDF) waste with no added binder. Three different conditions of mixed pellets were developed to compare their chemical and physical properties to rubberwood pellets. The produced samples were subjected to both ultimate and proximate analyses. The contents of C, H, N, S, and Cl significantly increased with the increasing amount of refuse-derived fuel in the samples, resulting in reduction of the volatile matter. The mechanical durability of the pellet samples ranged between an average value of 98 and 99%. Mixed pellets containing 50% of rubberwood and 50% of refuse-derived fuel have improved heating values by 22.21% compared to rubberwood pellets. Moreover, mixed pellets having 50% of wood and 50% of refuse-derived fuel had the highest density and the highest energy compared to the other samples. Based on the findings of this study, it appears that the manufactured mixed pellets have the potential to be used as high-energy fuel.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Refuse as fuel – Ontario"

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Wu, Aiping. "Controlled Oxidation Studies of Coal/Refuse Fuel Blends." TopSCHOLAR®, 1994. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/956.

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A study of the controlled combustion of blends of biomass materials and coals was conducted. Crushed limestone was added to the blends as an absorbent for sulfur oxides. The samples were combusted in quartz-fiber crucibles in a forced air furnace. Combustion at different times and temperatures were studied. The amount of carbon, hydrogen, and sulfur in the residues, as well as the amount of ash formed, were used as measures of combustion efficiency. The optimum temperature for combustion of most blends was found to be in the 700 - 800°C range. A study of methods for determining the amounts of inorganic and organic carbon in combustion residues was performed. The American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Method D 1756 for inorganic carbon yielded accurate results but is tedious and requires a great deal of skill. An alternative method for determining inorganic carbon in combustion residues was developed.
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Attili, Bassam Saleem. "Manufacturer [Sic] of Densified-Refuse Derived Fuel (d-RDF) Pellets and Methods for the Determination of d-RDF Pellet Densities." Thesis, North Texas State University, 1986. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500977/.

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There are 150 million tons of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) annually produced in the United States, which is approximately equivalent to 150 million barrels of oil. MSW production is inexhaustible, and is increasing on an annual per capita basis of approximately three per cent. After controlling the moisture and adding a binder, the combustible portion of MSW was converted to pellets. The objects of this project were to 1) evaluate the binder, 2) prepare the pellets, and 3) evaluate the pellets with regard to density. The manufacture of pellets was conducted at the Naval Air Station, Jacksonville, Florida. The evaluation of the binders and the pellets was done at North Texas State University (NTSU). There were three procedures for measuring the density. The first, using water displacement, was from the American Society for Testing and Material (ASTM). The second, using wax coating, was also from ASTM. The third, using sharply-cut cylindrical pellets, was developed at NTSU.
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Waite, Ian Vowles. "Refuse-derived fuel for electricity generation in the UK." Thesis, London South Bank University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.323891.

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Brännvall, Evelina. "Accelerate ageing of refuse-derived-fuel (RDF) fly ashes." Licentiate thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Geovetenskap och miljöteknik, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-17584.

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Ashes have properties that can be exploited in various applications, e.g. some ashes can be used in the construction of barriers in a landfill final top cover. A landfill top cover is a multilayer construction that protects the environment in several ways, for instance hindering gas emissions from the landfill body and water infiltration into the waste.Impervious natural materials like clay, synthetic materials like geomembranes or bentonite carpets, geosynthetic clay liners or combinations of such materials are commonly used in landfill top cover constructions. Since differential settlement may occur and the lifetimes of the synthetic materials are uncertain, it is advantageous to use thick mineral constructions. There is a great need for these materials, and substantial savings of resources can be made if alternative waste materials, like ashes, are used. Currently, ashes are either landfilled or used as construction materials. They are subject to weathering processes, including physical, chemical and mineralogical changes caused (inter alia) by fluctuations of temperature and humidity, atmospheric gases or acid rain. Ashes contain various potentially hazardous and non-hazardous chemical compounds. Therefore, precautions must be taken to avoid leaching of substances such as heavy metals into the surrounding environment. Mineral phases that are initially present and/or that form during the ageing are primarily responsible for the immobilization or leaching of diverse metals and salts. Newly formed mineral phases like clay minerals are of main interest, because of their very high cation exchange capacity, swelling and expansion properties.The conditions found in a landfill environment are likely to favour clay mineral formation. This thesis is based on studies on the effects of accelerated ageing on refuse-derived-fuel (RDF) fly ashes, in experiments under controlled laboratory conditions, intended to derive models to predict the stability of RDF fly ashes used in a landfill liner and the mineralogical changes that occur in them. A reduced factorial design was applied, followed by multivariate data analysis, to evaluate the effects of five factors - carbon dioxide (CO2) levels, temperature, relative air humidity (RH), time and the quality of added water - on mineral transformations within the ashes, and their acid neutralization capacity (ANC) and leaching behaviour.Minerals (ettringite and hydrocalumite) promoting the immobilization of hazardous compounds were found in both fresh ash and ash aged under atmospheric conditions, but these minerals disappeared upon carbonation. The main phases in ash at 20% and 100% CO2 were calcite, gypsum/anhydrite and vaterite. The abundance of gypsum and anhydrite was directly related to the temperature at which ashes were aged. The major mineral phases detected in ashes aged under 20% CO2, 65% RH and 30°C (corresponding to conditions generally found in a landfill cover) were calcite and gypsum/bassanite. The pH values of these ash specimens ranged from 7.2 to 7.6, indicating advanced carbonation. Ageing decreased pH values from 12.4 to 7.2, consequently affecting the leaching behaviour of most chemicals measured in the leachates. Levels of Ba, Ca, Cl, Cr, Cu, Pb, K and Na decreased over the study period while those of Mg, Zn and SO4 increased. No clay minerals were detected by XRD and SEM analysis in either fresh or aged ashes. However, geochemical modelling indicated that such minerals may precipitate. The modelling also indicated that clay minerals like saponite, vermiculite, chrysotile and hydrotalcite were likely to precipitate in most leachates from ash aged for 3, 10 and 22 months. Smectite, montmorillonite and illite may precipitate in leachates of ash aged for 31 months. The formation of smectite, montmorillonite and vermiculite would be advantageous due to their very high cation exchange capacities, which would favour the stabilization/immobilization of heavy metals in the mineral phases.
Askor har egenskaper som kan användas, en del askor kan t ex användas vid konstruktion av tätskikt i en deponisluttäckning. En deponisluttäckning är en flerskiktskonstruktion som skyddar miljön från t.ex. växthusgaser från deponin och hindrar vatteninträngning till avfall. Naturliga täta material som lera, syntetiska som geomembraner eller bentonitmattor eller en kombination av dessa är vanligt förekommande i sluttäckningskonstruktioner på deponier. Eftersom differentialsättningar kan uppkomma och de syntetiska materialens livslängd är osäker, är det en fördel om tjocka mineraliska konstruktioner kan användas. För dessa är materialbehovet stort och det är en stor resursbesparing om alternativa material, som aska, kan användas.Aska utsätts för åldringsprocesser både när den deponeras eller användas som byggmaterial. Materialet genomgår fysiska, kemiska och mineralogiska förändringar orsakade av t.ex. variationer av temperatur och luftfuktighet, atmosfäriska gaser eller surt regn. Aska innehåller olika farliga och ofarliga kemiska föreningar. Därför måste försiktighetsåtgärder vidtas för att undvika läckage av tungmetaller i miljön. Befintliga och nybildade mineralfaser är främst ansvariga för immobilisering eller utlakning av olika metaller och salter. Nybildade mineralfaser som lermineraler är av stort intresse på grund av deras mycket höga katjonutbyteskapacitet, svällnings- och expansionsegenskaper. Förhållandena som råder i en deponisluttäckning förväntas gynna lermineralbildning.Denna avhandling är resultatet av studier av effekten av accelererad åldring på flygaska från energiutvinning. För att förutsäga stabiliteten i flygaska som används i ett deponitätskikt har laboratorieexperiment utförts för att studera effekterna av accelererad åldring under kontrollerade förhållanden. Ett reducerat faktorförsök har gjorts för att utvärdera påverkan av fem faktorer: koldioxid (CO2), temperatur, relativ luftfuktighet (RH), tid och kvalitet på tillsatt vatten. Inflytandet av dessa faktorer på mineralomvandlingen i askan, askans syraneutraliserande förmåga (ANC) och urlakningsbeteendet har analyserats och utvärderats med hjälp av bl a multivariat dataanalys. Mineraler (ettringit och hydrocalumit) som främjar fixeringen av farliga ämnen finns i både färsk aska och prover som åldrats under atmosfäriska förhållanden men försvann efter karbonatisering. Aska som åldrats under 20 % och 100 % CO2 hade kalcit, gips / anhydrit och vaterit som huvudmineraler. Förekomsten av gips och anhydrit var direkt relaterad till temperaturnivån som askan hade åldrats i. Aska som åldrades under 20 % CO2, 65 % RH, 30 °C temperatur (motsvarande förhållandena i en deponitäckning) hade kalcit och gips/bassanit som huvudmineraler. pH-värdena i proverna varierade från 7,2 till 7,6 vilket indikerar en långt fortskriden karbonatisering. Åldrandet sänkte pH-värdena från 12,4 till 7,2 och påverkar därmed urlakningsbeteendet för många lakvattenkomponenter. Barium, Ca, Cl, Cr, Cu, Pb, K och Na minskade under tiden, medan Mg, Zn och SO4 ökade jämfört med den färska askan. Inga lermineraler upptäcktes med hjälp av XRD och SEM i varken färsk eller åldrad aska. Geokemisk modellering visade dock möjligheten för dessa mineraler att bildas och fällas ut. Lermineraler som saponit, vermikulit, krysotil och hydrotalcit kunde enligt beräkningarna bildas i lakvatten från de flesta proverna som åldrades i 3, 10 och 22 månader. Smectit, montmorillonit och illit kan bildas i lakvatten från 31 månaders åldrad aska. Bildning av smectit, montmorillonit och vermikulit skulle var värdefull på grund av deras mycket höga katjonutbyteskapacitet, vilket gynnar stabilisering / immobilisering av tungmetaller i askan.
Godkänd; 2010; 20101020 (evebra); LICENTIATSEMINARIUM Ämnesområde: Avfallsteknik/Waste Science and Technology Examinator: Professor Anders Lagerkvist, Luleå tekniska universitet Diskutant: Professor Britt-Marie Steenari, Chalmers tekniska högskola Tid: Onsdag den 17 november 2010 kl 09.30 Plats: F1031, Luleå tekniska universitet
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Brooks, Cheryl L. (Cheryl Leigh). "An Analysis of Refuse Derived Fuel as an Environmentally Acceptable Fuel Alternative for the Cement Industry." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1991. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc504331/.

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Resource recovery is an attractive alternative to the waste disposal problem. The chief by-product of this process, refuse derived fuel (RDF) can be co-fired in traditional coal burning facilities. The cement industry is a potential user of RDF. This study, based on a test burn done at Texas Industries Inc. in Midlothian, Texas, demonstrated the technical, environmental, and economic feasibility of using RDF fuel in a cement kiln. Technically, the cement showed no deleterious effects when RDF was substituted for coal/natural gas at 20% by Btu content. Environmentally, acid rain gases were reduced. Economically, RDF was shown to be a cost effective fuel substitute if a resource recovery facility was erected on site.
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Robinson, Travis. "Bubbling Fluidized Bed Gasification of Biomass and Refuse Derived Fuel." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/33157.

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In Canadian remote northern communities most electricity is generated by burning diesel fuel. However, because it is expensive to import fuel into remote communities the cost of electricity is very high. Waste management is also difficult in remote northern communities. The goal of this thesis was to investigate the co-gasification of refuse waste materials and biomass as a means of reducing solid waste volumes while also using locally available materials for power generation. As part of this research, thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) was investigated as a potential means of characterizing refuse derived fuels (RDF). Laboratory sample preparation of RDF for TGA had not been thoroughly considered. Laboratory sample preparation is important since RDF is very heterogeneous compared to other solid fuels and since TGA typically requires a very small sample size. A TGA method was applied to a variety of materials prepared from a commercially available RDF using a variety of procedures. The repeatability of the experimental results was related to the sample preparation methods. Cryogenic ball milling was found to be an appropriate means of preparing RDF samples for TGA. Applicability of the TGA method to the determination of the renewable content of RDF was considered. Air-blown auto-thermal gasification experiments using materials representative of waste and biomass were performed at 725°C, 800°C, and 875°C, using a 0.15 m internal diameter bubbling fluidized bed gasifier located at NRCan CametENERGY in Ottawa, Ontario. Commercially prepared RDF and PET scrap were used to represent waste materials. Commercially produced hardwood pellets were used to represent biomass. The co-gasification of hardwood pellets and commercially produced RDF indicated that each fuel make a contribution to the results which is proportional to its fraction in the feed mixture. Inclusion of the RDF in the fuel mixture led to bed agglomeration at the 875°C temperature condition. Higher temperatures were found to provide better conversion of the fuel to gas, and the limitation which inclusion of RDF places on the operating temperature of the gasifier negatively affects conversion of biomass. Results obtained with RDF suggested that utilization of mixed waste for a thermal conversion process located in a Canadian remote northern community is probably not a viable option. It was then decided to target plastic waste in particular. Plastic could be source-separated, collected, and gasified alongside biomass. Polyethylene terephthalate (PET), which is often used for food and beverage containers, was chosen to represent plastic. Initially, attempts were made to co-gasify mixtures of PET pellets and hardwood pellets. These attempts failed due to the formation of coke above the bed. To alleviate these problems hardwood-PET composite pellets were manufactured and these were gasified at 725°C, 800°C, and 875°C. Inclusion of PET in the pellets dramatically increased the amount of tar produced during gasification.
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Haj-Mahmoud, Qasem M. (Qasem Mohammed). "Pyrolysis Capillary Chromatography of Refuse-Derived Fuel and Aquatic Fulvic Acids." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1989. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc331124/.

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Pyrolysis-capillary gas chromatography combined with FID, ECD and MS detection were used to characterize refuse-derived fuel and aquatic fulvic acids. Different pyrolysis methods and programs were evaluated. Pyrolysis temperatures of 700-800°C produced the strongest signal for organics present in RDF and fulvic acid. Cellulose and fatty acids pyrolyzates were identifiable by GC-MS following preparative pyrolysis fractionation. At organic chloride content of 0.023%, only three halogenated compounds were detected in the GC-MS of the fractions. None of the priority pollutants were detected at lower detection limit of 0.72 to 24 mg/ kg RDF. Selective solvent extraction improves the reproduciblities of the technique and allows the detection of polymeric structures. Pyrograms of polyvinyl chloride and regular typing paper showed some common peaks that are present in the RDF pyrogram. About 65% of the peaks in the RDF pyrogram might be of paper origin. The organic chloride content of the RDF was evaluated by ion chromatography of the trapped pyrolyzates in 2% NaOH trap and it was found to be 221 mg Cl/ kg dry RDF. Pyrolysis conditions and temperature programs for FA were systematically evaluated. Samples included purified FA, methylated FA and HPLC separated fractions. Characteristic pyrograms were developed. Profiles of benzene, toluene, phenol, m-cresol and biphenyl from FA were evaluated. The production of phenol was the largest at 800°C, at concentration of 1.61 mg per gram of FA pyrolyzed. The profiles of benzene and toluene followed the same pathways. Both pyrolyzates had at least two precursors. HPLC fractions of FA showed some regular retention patterns characteristic of polymeric material. DL-proline, seriene and vanillic acid pyrograms showed some peaks with the same retention times as those in FA pyrogram under the same conditions. A reproducibility of 6% relative standard deviation was achieved in the pyrolysis of RDF and 0.91% in the case of FA.
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Adefeso, Ismail Babatunde. "Techno-economic analysis of a gasification system using refuse-derived fuel from municipal solid waste." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2753.

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Thesis (Doctor of Engineering in Chemical Engineering)--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017.
The search for alternatives to fossil fuel is necessary with a view to reducing the negative environmental impact of fossil fuel and most importantly, to exploit an affordable and secured fuel source. This study investigated the viability of municipal solid waste gasification for a fuel cell system. Potential solid fuels obtained from the study in the form of refuse-derived fuel (RDF) had high heating value (HHV) between 18.17 MJ/Kg - 28.91 MJ/Kg with energy density increased from 4142.07 MJ/m3 to 10735.80 MJ/m3. The molecular formulas of RDF derived from Ladies Smith drop-off site, Woodstock drop-off site and an average molecular formula of all thirteen municipal solid waste (MSW) disposal facilities were CH1.43O1.02, CH1.49O1.19, and CH1.50O0.86 respectively. The comparative ratios of C/H were in the range of 7.11 to 8.90. The Thermo Gravimetric Analysis showed that the dehydration, thermal decompositions, char combustions were involved in the production of gaseous products but flaming pyrolysis stage was when most tar was converted to syngas mixture. The simulation of RDF gasification allowed a prediction of the RDF gasification behaviour under various operating parameters in an air-blown downdraft gasifier. Optimum SFR (steam flowrate) values for RDF1, RDF2 and RDF3 were determined to be within these values 2.80, 2.50 and 3.50 and Optimum ER values for RDF1, RDF2 and RDF3 were also determined to be within these values 0.15, 0.04 and 0.08. These conditions produced the desired high molar ratio of H2/CO yield in the syngas mixture in the product stream. The molar ratios of H2/CO yield in the syngas mixture in the product stream for all the RDFs were between 18.81 and 20.16. The values of H2/CO satisfy the requirement for fuel cell application. The highest concentration of heavy metal was observed for Al, Fe, Zn and Cr, namely 16627.77 mg/Kg at Coastal Park (CP), 17232.37 mg/Kg at Killarney (KL), 235.01 mg/Kg at Tygerdal (TG), and 564.87 mg/Kg at Kraaifontein (KF) respectively. The results of quantitative economic evaluation measurements were a net return (NR) of $0.20 million, a rate of return on investment (ROI) of 27.88 %, payback time (PBP) of 2.30 years, a net present value (NPV) of $1.11 million and a discounted cash flow rate of return (DCFROR) of 24.80 % and 28.20 % respectively. The results of the economic evaluations revealed that some findings of the economic benefits of this system would be viable if costs of handling MSW were further quantified into the costs analysis. The viability of the costs could depend on government responsibility to accept costs of handling MSW.
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Guyemat, Mbourou Sarah Marielle. "Plastic waste gasification using a small scale IR reactor : experimental and modelling analysis." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2480.

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Thesis (MTech (Electrical Engineering))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2016.
The generation of municipal solid waste has increased significantly due to the exponential population growth and it has become a global issue. Gasification technology, an alternative method for waste treatment is a thermochemical process where carbon-based material are exposed to an environment deprived in oxygen, was used for this project. The aim of this thesis is to study the gasification of plastic waste which is a potential alternative energy source using infrared heaters. To achieve this goal, fundamental studies have been numerically and experimentally conducted for an infrared gasifier and subsequently establishing the temperature profile for gasification using a small scale reactor. A detailed study on low density polyethylene was conducted using Infrared Spectrometry and thermal decomposition techniques such as Thermogravimetry and Differential Scanning Calorimetry were performed to establish the temperature at which plastic pellets sample used for this research gasify. The gasification behaviour of pelletized low density polyethylene (plastic pellets) was tested and three case studies were done to evaluate the most suitable temperature profile for the reactor to gasify the low density polyethylene at high temperature for less amount of time. Subsequently, the reactor model was simulated and results validate the use of reactor at an optimum temperature of 800 °C for a gasification process with less residue content. The reactor designed for this research is fully functional and validates the temperature behaviour predicted during simulation. The experimental results show infrared heaters are suitable for gas production using this gasification process.
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Gokhale, Bhushan. "Application of landfill gas as a liquefied natural gas fuel for refuse trucks in Texas." Texas A&M University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/4704.

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The energy consumption throughout the world has increased substantially over the past few years and the trend is projected to continue indefinitely. The primary sources of energy are conventional fuels such as oil, natural gas and coal. The most apparent negative impacts of these conventional fuels are global warming, poor air-quality, and adverse health effects. Considering these negative impacts, it is necessary to develop and use non-conventional sources of energy. Landfill gas (LFG) generated at landfills can serve as a source of cleaner energy. LFG has substantial energy generation potential and, if cleaned of certain impurities, can be used for several applications such as electricity generation and conversion to high Btu gas. This thesis considers another application of LFG, which consists of using it as a vehicular fuel for refuse trucks. Currently, limited research has been performed on the development of such a methodology to evaluate the application of LFG as a vehicular fuel for refuse truck operations. The purpose of this thesis is to develop a methodology that can be used to evaluate the use of LFG generated at landfills as a Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) fuel source for refuse trucks in Texas. The methodology simulates the gas generation process at a landfill by using standard models developed by the Environmental Protection Agency. The operations of a refuse truck fleet are replicated by using generic drive cycles developed as part of this research. The economic feasibility is evaluated by estimating the costs required for cleaning the LFG and converting the truck fleet from diesel to LNG as well as quantifying the benefits obtained due to change in fuel consumption and emission generation by the refuse trucks. The methodology was applied to a potential landfill in Texas. The results show that the methodology offers an innovative tool that allows the stakeholders to evaluate the economic feasibility of using LFG for refuse truck operations. The methodology also provides a flexible framework wherein each component can be changed or tailored to meet the specific needs of the stakeholders.
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Books on the topic "Refuse as fuel – Ontario"

1

Allin, Joan E. S. Energy from waste and the environmental approvals process: The Ontario experience. [Toronto: Government of Ontario], 1985.

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Environment, Citizens for a. Save. A submission to the Ontario Cabinet respecting TSI Trintek's proposed energy from waste plant. Toronto: C.S.E., 1987.

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Thorndyke, S. J. Evaluation of a prototype RDF pyrolyser for Ontario Ministry of Energy. Mississauga, ON: Ontario Research Foundation, 1986.

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Chapman, R. Ambient air quality post-operational survey part 1: Energy-from-waste plant, Victoria Hospital Corporation, London, Ontario. Toronto: Air Resources Branch, Southwestern Region, Environment Ontario, 1989.

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Vance, Mary A. Refuse as fuel: A bibliography. Monticello, Ill., USA: Vance Bibliographies, 1990.

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Rising, Bruce. Emissions assessment for refuse-derived fuel combustion. Cincinnati, OH: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Laboratory, 1985.

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Alberta. Alberta Energy. Research and Technology Branch. The feasibility of energy-from-waste incineration in Alberta. Edmonton, AB: Alberta Energy, Research and Technology Branch, 1990.

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Willey, C. R. Demonstration test of refuse-derived fuel as a supplemental fuel in cement kilns. Cincinnati, OH: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Laboratory, 1985.

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Hecklinger, R. S. Coal/d-RDF co-firing project, Milwaukee County, Wisconsin. Cincinnati, OH: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Laboratory, 1986.

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Sekkei, Kabushiki Kaisha Nihon. Heisei 22-nendo seisō kōjō hainetsu katsuyō ni yoru toshi no netsu kankyō kaizen jicchi kiso chōsa hōkokusho. [Tokyo]: Kabushiki Kaisha Nihon Sekkei, 2011.

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Book chapters on the topic "Refuse as fuel – Ontario"

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Buekens, Alfons. "Refuse-Derived Fuel." In Incineration Technologies, 71–76. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5752-7_6.

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Hasselriis, Floyd, and Patrick F. Mahoney. "Waste-to-Energy waste-to-energy (WTE) using Refuse-Derived Fuel Waste-to-Energy using Refuse-Derived Fuel." In Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology, 11787–827. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0851-3_400.

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Hasselriis, Floyd, and Patrick F. Mahoney. "Waste-to-Energy waste-to-energy (WTE) using Refuse-Derived Fuel Waste-to-Energy using Refuse-Derived Fuel." In Renewable Energy Systems, 1561–603. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5820-3_400.

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Levie, Benjamin, James P. Diebold, and Ronald West. "Pyrolysis of Single Pellets of Refuse Derived Fuel." In Research in Thermochemical Biomass Conversion, 312–26. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2737-7_24.

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Klavins, Maris, Dmitry Porsnov, Valdis Bisters, Juris Kalviss, and Raivo Damkevics. "Refuse Derived Fuel Gasification Possibilities in Small Scale Units." In Recent Advances in Environmental Science from the Euro-Mediterranean and Surrounding Regions, 945–46. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-70548-4_274.

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Ribeiro, André, Margarida Soares, Carlos Castro, André Mota, Jorge Araújo, Cândida Vilarinho, and Joana Carvalho. "Waste-to-Energy Technologies Applied for Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) Valorisation." In Innovation, Engineering and Entrepreneurship, 641–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91334-6_87.

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Musse, Dawit, Wondwossen Bogale, and Berhanu Assefa. "Modeling of Gasification of Refuse Derived Fuel: Optimizations and Experimental Investigations." In Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering, 82–97. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-43690-2_7.

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Kim, Dong-Won, Jong-Min Lee, and Jae-Sung Kim. "Co-Combustion of Refuse Derived Fuel with Anthracites in a CFB Boiler." In Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Fluidized Bed Combustion, 262–70. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02682-9_37.

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Choudhury, Atun Roy, Lakshmi Prasad Boyina, D. Laxman Kumar, Neha Singh, Sankar Ganesh Palani, Mohammad Mehdizadeh, M. V. Praveen Kumar, et al. "Biomined and Fresh Municipal Solid Waste as Sources of Refuse Derived Fuel." In Circular Economy in Municipal Solid Waste Landfilling: Biomining & Leachate Treatment, 235–52. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-07785-2_11.

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Safiqul Alam, ANM. "Implementation of refuse derived fuel technology towards achieving a sustainable circular economy." In The Impossibilities of the Circular Economy, 272–83. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003244196-28.

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Conference papers on the topic "Refuse as fuel – Ontario"

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Yaïci, Wahiba, and Hajo Ribberink. "Feasibility Study of Medium- and Heavy-Duty Compressed Renewable/Natural Gas Vehicles in Canada." In ASME 2020 14th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2020-1617.

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Abstract Concerns about environmental degradation and finite natural resources necessitate cleaner sources of energy for use in the transportation sector. In Canada, natural gas is currently being appraised as a potential alternative fuel for use in vehicles for both medium and heavy-duty use due to its relatively lower costs compared to that of conventional fuels. The idea of compressed natural gas vehicles (CNGVs) is being mooted as inexpensive for fleet owners and especially because it will potentially significantly reduce harmful emissions into the environment. A short feasibility study was conducted to ascertain the potential for reduced emissions and savings opportunities presented by CNGVs in both medium and heavy-duty vehicles. The study which is discussed in the present paper was carried out on long-haul trucking and refuse trucks respectively. Emphasis was laid on individual vehicle operating economics and emissions reduction, and the identification of practical considerations for both the individual application and CNGVs as a whole. A financial analysis of the annual cost savings that is achievable when an individual diesel vehicle is replaced with a CNG vehicle was also presented. This paper drew substantial references from published case studies for relevant data on maintenance costs, fuel economy, range, and annual distance travelled. It relied on a summary report from Argonne National Laboratory’s GREET (Greenhouse Gases, Regulated Emissions, and Energy Use in Transportation) [1] for its discussion on relative fuel efficiency penalties for heavy-duty CNGVs. The fuel cost figures were mostly drawn from motor fuel data of the Ontario Ministry of Transportation, since the Ministry is one of the few available sources of compressed natural gas fuel prices. Finally, the GHGenius life-cycle analysis tool [2] was employed to determine fuel-cycle emissions in Canada for comparison purposes. The study produced remarkable findings. Results showed that compared to diesel-fuelled vehicles, emissions in CNG heavy-and-medium-duty vehicles reduced by up to 8.7% (for well-to-pump) and 11.5% (for pump-to-wheels) respectively. Overall, the most beneficial use/application appeared to be long-haul trucking based on the long distances covered and higher fuel economy achieved (derived from economies of scale), while refuse trucks appeared to have relatively marginal annual savings. However, these annual savings are actually a conservative estimate which will ultimately be modified/determined by a number of factors that are likely to be predisposed in favour of natural gas vehicles. Significantly, the prospect of using renewable natural gas as fuel was found to be a factor for improving the value proposition of refuse trucks in particular, certainly from an emissions standpoint with a reduction of up to 100%, but speculatively from operational savings as well.
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TATEMOTO, YUJI, YOSHITAKA SENDA, YOSHIYUKI BANDO, KEIJI YASUDA, MASAAKI NAKAMURA, and MUNEO AZEGAMI. "DRYING PERFORMANCE OF REFUSE DERIVED FUEL." In Proceedings of the Third Asia-Pacific Conference. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812791924_0011.

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Nagashima, E. "Technology of refuse derived fuel utilization." In Proceedings First International Symposium on Environmentally Conscious Design and Inverse Manufacturing. IEEE, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ecodim.1999.747609.

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Trubaev, Pavel, Nikolay Shein, Natalya Kornilova, and Oleg Verevkin. "Research of Refuse Derived Fuel Use with Pyrolysis Furnace." In International Conference "Actual Issues of Mechanical Engineering" 2017 (AIME 2017). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aime-17.2017.140.

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Ribeiro, A., C. Vilarinho, J. Araújo, and J. Carvalho. "Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) Gasification Using Different Gasifying Agents." In ASME 2017 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2017-71268.

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Wastes represent nowadays, one of the major concerns for modern societies and for the environment, either by the wastage of raw materials and also by the existence of poor management systems that can originate and contaminate the ground water and air, and therefore, change the environment irreversibly. Waste management policies enhance the basic principles of prevention, which are the reduction in origin, followed by its recovery through recycling or energy recovery, in order to reduce the environmental and health impacts of wastes. Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) is a solid fuel made after basic processing steps or techniques that increase the calorific value of municipal solid waste (MSW), commercial or industrial waste materials. Therefore, energy production from RDF can provide economic and environmental benefits, as reduces the amount of wastes sent to landfill and allows the energy recovery from a renewable source. In this work, it was studied the gasification of RDF collected in a Portuguese company, using steam and air as gasifying agents. This study intended to evaluate the effect of temperature and different molar ratios of both agents in gas production, gas composition and mass conversion of RDF. Physical and chemical composition of RDF was determined according to EN 15359:2011. Results showed that RDF has high quality for thermal valorization being registered high values of Low Heating Value (LHV) (24330 kJ/kg), carbon content (56.2%) and volatile matter content (77.2%). Experiments of RDF gasification were performed in a laboratory scale fixed bed gasifier, under different conditions. The effect of reaction temperature was studied at 750°C and 850°C. Gasification experiments with steam were executed at S/B feeding molar ratios ranging from 0.5 to 1.5 and the ones performed with air ranging from ER 0.2 to 0.6. Results showed that, for the same operational conditions, the rise of gasification temperature improved gas production ratio (Nm3/kg RDF), gas LHV and mass conversion. Results also proved that steam gasification achieved higher LHV values compared with gasification using air in optimal conditions, 9.4 and 9.8 MJ/m3, respectively. The gasification of RDF using steam at S/B ratio of 1.0 enables the production of syngas with 51% of hydrogen (H2), 32% of carbon dioxide (CO2), 11% of carbon monoxide (CO) and 6% of methane (CH4) (in N2 free basis). The increasing of steam to RDF molar ratio, increased the contents of H2 and CO2, while the content of CO, CH4 and heating value decreased. Regarding to gas production ratio the utilization of air, especially at ER of 0.6, induced the formation of 1.5 m3 gas/kg RDF. Instead, steam gasification only allowed the production of 0.5 m3 gas/kg RDF. Mass conversion and carbon conversion achieved almost 100% in air gasification at highest molar ratio.
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Li, Yanji, Lu Jiang, Ning Zhao, Yulong Li, Rundong Li, and Yong Chi. "Combustion characteristic of refuse derived fuel under oxygen-enriched atmosphere." In 2013 International Conference on Materials for Renewable Energy and Environment (ICMREE). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmree.2013.6893711.

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Alberto Lemes Monteiro, Vitor, Luciano Infiesta, Cassius Ferreira, Alam Trovó, Washington Martins da Silva Jr., Valério Luiz Borges, and Solidônio Carvalho. "INDUSTRIAL SCALE CIRCULATING FLUIDIZED-BED GASIFICATION OF REFUSE-DERIVED FUEL." In 25th International Congress of Mechanical Engineering. ABCM, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.26678/abcm.cobem2019.cob2019-0424.

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Bülow, C. "Small decentralised thermal power stations for Refuse-Derived Fuel (RDF)." In WASTE MANAGEMENT 2008. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/wm080071.

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Corti, A., and L. Lombardi. "Life cycle assessment approach for refuse derived fuel (RDF) systems for Tuscany." In Environmental Health Risk 2001. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/ehr010281.

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Mikhailova, Nadezhda, Aleksandra Yasinskaya, and Aleksandr Samukov. "PERSPECTIVES OF MSW TO REFUSE DERIVED FUEL PROCESSING IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION." In 20th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference Proceedings 2020. STEF92 Technology, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2020v/4.2/s05.07.

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Reports on the topic "Refuse as fuel – Ontario"

1

Paisley, M. A., K. S. Creamer, T. L. Tweksbury, and D. R. Taylor. Gasification of refuse derived fuel in the Battelle high throughput gasification system. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5653025.

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Norton, P., and K. Kelly. Alternative fuel trucks case studies: Running refuse haulers on compressed natural gas. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/249155.

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Churney, K. L., and T. J. Buckley. Sulfur dioxide capture in the combustion of mixtures of lime, refuse-derived fuel, and coal. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ir.4443.

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Belencan, Helen, and Gary Smith. RDF (Refuse-Derived Fuel) Co-Firing Cost/Benefit Analysis Using the NCEL RDF Cost Model. Volume 2. Appendixes. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada173981.

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Belencan, Helen, and Gary Smith. RDF (Refuse-Derived Fuel) Co-Firing Cost/Benefit Analysis Using the NCEL RDF Cost Model. Volume 1. Project Results. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada173980.

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Belencan, Helen, and Gary Smith. RDF (Refuse-Derived Fuel) Co-Firing Cost/Benefit Analysis Using the NCEL RDF Cost Model. Volume 3. RDF Cost Model Manual. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada173982.

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Ohlsson, O. Results of combustion and emissions testing when co-firing blends of binder-enhanced densified refuse-derived fuel (b-dRDF) pellets and coal in a 440 MW{sub e} cyclone fired combustor. Volume 3: Appendices. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10180124.

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Ohlsson, O. Results of combustion and emissions testing when co-firing blends of binder-enhanced densified refuse-derived fuel (b-dRDF) pellets and coal in a 440 MW{sub e} cyclone fired combustor. Volume 1: Test methodology and results. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10180121.

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Ohlsson, O. Results of combustion and emissions testing when co-firing blends of binder-enhanced densified refuse-derived fuel (b-dRDF) pellets and coal in a 440 MW{sub e} cyclone fired combustor. Volume 2: Field data and laboratory analysis. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10180119.

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Results of emissions testing while burning densified refuse derived fuel, Dordt College, Sioux Center, Iowa. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6391457.

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