Journal articles on the topic 'Refugeesa'
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1
Khamala, Charles A. "‘When Rescuers become Refoulers: Closing Kenya’s Refugee Camps amid Terrorism Threats’ and leaving vulnerable groups out in the cold." Africa Nazarene University Law Journal 8, no. 1 (2020): 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.47348/anulj/v8/i1a1.
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Kenya’s counter-terrorism measures, following entry into Somalia, relocated refugees to designated camps. However, by violating a refugee’s freedom of movement, mass relocation contravenes the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights (ACHPR). Regional jurisprudence informed the Kenyan High Court’s Kituo cha Sheria v Attorney General decision holding that mass refugee relocation is indeed refoulement. It necessarily discriminates, punishes disproportionately, and may amount to a ‘failure to protect’ refugees against torture, a crime against humanity. However, the United Nations Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees (Refugees Convention) merely prohibits hosts from returning escapees to countries where they are targeted for persecution. Conversely, refugees who are either reasonably regarded as threatening national security or reasonably suspected of serious crimes are deemed to ‘waive’ their non-refoulement right. Nonetheless, the court’s legal moralism insisted that states should prove ‘waiver’ and never torture refugees. Invoking an ‘individual criminality’ principle required proof of a refugee’s dangerousness. Suspects can furthermore not be condemned unheard. Therefore, establishing whether ‘mass waiver’ is possible, is problematic. Are blanket relocation directives justifiable simply because proving ‘reasonable belief’ of refugees committing terror acts or serious crimes are difficult? Although Samow Mumin Mohamed v Cabinet Secretary, Ministry of Interior Security and Co-Ordination condoned mass refugee relocation Refugee Consortium of Kenya v Attorney did not. Curiously, to clarify the ambiguity Kenya National Commission on Human Rights v Attorney Genera elevated the required standard of proof for ‘waiver’ under the Refugees Convention to one of ‘beyond reasonable doubt.’ Previously, in Coalition for Reform and Democracy (CORD) v Republic of Kenya legislative caps on refugee numbers were rejected. Subsequently, a new Refugee Bill (2019) proposes to legalise confining refugees to designated camps. This article applies common-law principles of the duty on rescuers to evaluate whether mass refugee relocation refoules.
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Tuitt, Patricia. "Transitions: Refugees and Natives." International Journal on Minority and Group Rights 20, no. 2 (2013): 179–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718115-02002003.
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European Directive 2004/83 (the ‘Qualification Directive’) limits claims for asylum to those refugees coming from outside of the European Union. This provision institutionalises a long established practice in which member states of the European Union are presumed to be safe countries of origin and safe countries of asylum. This article argues that the European Union could not have come into being without producing refugees. With reference to the definition of refugee enshrined within Article 1.A (2) of the Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees1 and the jurisprudence surrounding one key qualifying element of the definition – persecution – the article seeks to explore how the international law governing the status of refugee has been deployed to deny that the European Union is a place of origin of refugees.
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Shahi, Neelam. "Livelihood Patterns of the Tibetan Refugees in Kathmandu." KMC Research Journal 2, no. 2 (December 31, 2018): 71–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kmcrj.v2i2.29951.
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This Study entitled as “Livelihood Pattern of the Tibetan Refugees in Nepal” (A Case Study of the Samdupling in Jawalakhel and Khampa Refugee Camp in Boudha- Jorpati) aims to discover the livelihood patterns of Tibetan refugees residing in the Samdupling camp in Jawalakhel and Khampa Refugee’s Camp in Boudha-Jorpati. The paper intends to examine the problems confronted by Tibetan refugees residing in the Samdupling camp and Khampa Refugee’s Camp. The study itself is conducted with the objectives of describing the present socio-economic status of Tibetan refugees dwelling in aforementioned camps located inside the Kathmandu valley and Lalitpur.
This write-up not only deals with different livelihood aspects of Tibetan refugees but also compares the livelihood of two camps to list out the social, economic and political problems affecting their livelihood. However, this study is mainly based on the primary information and the data which were collected using the techniques of household survey and sampling survey, along with questionnaire and interview during the several field visits to camps.
The paper concludes by stating that government intervention is required to resolve the issues affecting the livelihood of Tibetan refugees. Tibetan refugees’ problems required a political yet humanitarian resolution. The government needs to decide on whether to endow the citizenship or refugee card to the refugees who have been deprived of the both, or opt for the third-party settlement. For that Tibetans refugees also need to cooperate and coordinate with the refugees department under the Ministry of the Home Affair, Government of Nepal
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Bydoon, Maysa Said. "The Challenges of Refugees Protection." Journal of Arts and Humanities 6, no. 6 (June 15, 2017): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.18533/journal.v6i6.1206.
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<p>The current crises and civil war in many countries, increasingly challenge the rapid growth of influx of refugees. More recently, as a matter of fact, the asylum issue is one of the most important issues in the international community that shed lights on a violation of refugees’ rights and most importantly a safe area to live in. The article examines the refugee protection in light of the Convention relating to the Status of Refugees 1951 and Protocol relating to the Status of Refugees. It is true that such convention and its complementary protocol contribute in establishing the international law of refugee protection, however, its argues that the convention does not cover all people into danger in terms of refuges definition and principals of non refoulement.</p>
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Diah Triceseria, Anak Agung Istri, Nurul Azizah Zayda, and Rizka Fiani Prabaningtyas. "A New Approach to Refugee's Welfare through the Role of Community: Case Study of Refugee's Community Centre in Sewon." Global South Review 2, no. 1 (October 9, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/globalsouth.28847.
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The role of state actor in refugee protection is seriously limited by the “nationalism” nature of a nation-state. In particular, there has been a lack of attention from Indonesia as implied by non-ratifying choice taken by the government. The problem here with this approach is, refugee’s rights are viewed as entitlement from state and should conform with the state’s interest. Thus, there needs to be a new approach in pursuing a refugee protection regime. This paper shifts the focus from the role of state to the roles played by other actors. This paper gives a particular focus on Refugee Community Housing in Sewon, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. The Community Housing is an initiative from International Organization for Migration (IOM) which provides temporary settlement as well as living allowance for refugees. Our preliminary study found that the coordination among IOM, Jesuit Refugee Service (JRS)–an international NGO working to assist refugees, and Immigration Office of Yogyakarta—has to some extent demonstrated a better service and treatment to refugees than state’s philanthropy in general. Some limitations remains exist, but overall, community housing provides a foundation for a civil society-based refugee protection.
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Fletcher, Rajan. "Online Pathways, Digital Migrant workers: From Empowerment to Monitor Digital Footprints for Refugees." International Journal of Science and Society 3, no. 1 (March 5, 2021): 318–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.54783/ijsoc.v3i1.298.
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The text studies how digitality and refugee routes intersect by focussing on the concepts of »connected migrants and the digital footprints of refugee routes in transnational spaces. The smartphone is a key signifier of today’s refugee, and possession of one is questioned by government policies of legitimisation and public opinion perceptions of what constitutes a genuine refugee. These overlook the complex question of digital rights and migration’s embeddedness in the fluidity of the postmodern world. The text thus deals with the digital world’s ambivalence, which is not just a one-way relation of empowerment but entails the risk of complete control over a refugee’s body as well. We establish that an important shift has occurred in European policies, one most visible in the process of erasing the electronic traces of refugees on the move and the illegal return of refugees to the previous country on their way, the socalled pushbacks.
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Chrostowsky, MaryBeth. "The Role of Asylum Location on Refugee Adjustment Strategies: The Case of Sudanese in San Diego, California." Practicing Anthropology 32, no. 1 (December 25, 2009): 38–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/praa.32.1.a38177g14h015533.
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Upon resettlement in receiving countries, refugees face many challenges and experience enormous stress. Researchers agree that the greater the gap between the culture of a refugee's home country and that of the host country, the more stress refugees will experience. This disparity is especially true for Sudanese refugees resettling in the United States who moved from a rural setting within a so-called Third World country to an urban setting in an industrialized nation. The stress that results from these changes can both overwhelm and hinder a refugee's adjustment. The experiences of Sudanese women and men who resettled in San Diego, California are explored here to examine the role of the initial asylum environment as a potential influence on refugees' strategies as they confront the challenges of adjustment. The participants in this study averaged 5.4 years in either Cairo, Egypt or in Kakuma refugee camp in northern Kenya before coming to San Diego. Disparate asylum environments, including cultural norms, political ideologies, laws, employment opportunities, and educational resources found in these places created different changes in the daily gendered behavioral patterns of these Sudanese refugees after they arrived in the United States.
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Alencar, Amanda, and Julia Camargo. "Spatial Imaginaries of Digital Refugee Livelihoods." Journal of Humanitarian Affairs 4, no. 3 (March 2, 2023): 22–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.7227/jha.093.
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Discourses around the so-called digital economy are increasingly more present in contexts of forced displacement, with digital inclusion of refugees being framed by humanitarian agencies as a fundamental human right and an essential tool to promote access to income and skills development. While digital work can certainly bring about positive changes in forced migration settings, imaginaries around the role of the digital in refugees’ economic lives reflect a broader neoliberal project that envisions a retreat of the welfare state and that places on refugees the responsibility to integrate. This article draws on spatial imaginaries frameworks to advance the theoretical understanding of power differentials that are embodied in the use of technologies to promote refugee livelihoods. A combination of interviews, participant and non-participant observations was used to examine the perspectives of Venezuelan refugee women and humanitarian actors in the context of a digital work initiative in the city of Boa Vista, Brazil. The analysis reveals a mismatch between the imaginaries underpinning digital work opportunities and the expectations and plans of the refugee women themselves about the use of ICTs and engagement in digital forms of employability. Such disconnect can reinforce inequalities for refugee’s agency in the digital economy.
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Deramo, Michele C. "How KANERE Free Press Resists Biopower." Refuge: Canada's Journal on Refugees 32, no. 1 (May 6, 2016): 72–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.25071/1920-7336.40385.
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How does a free press resist state biopower? This article studies the development and dissemination of KANERE Free Press, a refugee-run news source operating in the Kakuma Refugee Camp, that was founded to create “a more open society in refugee camps and to develop a platform for fair public debate on refugee affairs” (KANERE Vision Statement). The analysis of KANERE and its impact on the political subjectivity of refugees living in Kakuma is framed by Foucault’s theory of biopower, the state-sanctioned right to “make live or let die” in its management of human populations. The author demonstrates the force relations between KANERE, its host country of Kenya, and the UNHCR through two ongoing stories covered by KANERE: the broad rejection of the MixMe nutritional supplement and the expressed disdain for the camp’s World Refugees Day celebration. Using ethnographic and decolonizing methodologies, the author privileges the voices and perspectives of the KANERE editors and the Kakuma residents they interviewed in order to provide a ground-level view of refugee’s lived experiences in Kakuma. As KANERE records refugees’ experiences of life in the camp, they construct a narrative community that is simultaneously produced by and resistant to the regulations and control of camp administration and state sovereignty. In doing so, KANERE creates a transgressive space that reaches beyond the confines of the camp.
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Kadarudin, Kadarudin. "PORTRAITS IN INDONESIA: INTERNATIONAL REFUGEES FACE UNCERTAIN FUTURE (A STUDY OF INTERNATIONAL REFUGEE LAW)." Veritas et Justitia 4, no. 1 (June 28, 2018): 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.25123/vej.2920.
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This paper discusses the issue of refugees from an international law perspective. It is known that Indonesia is not a party to either the 151 Refugee Convention as well as the 1967 Protocol, but mostly as transit country house a number of refugees running away from conflict areas in Myanmar, the Middle East and Afghanistan. This legal research employs a juridical normative method. By tracking down and analyzing all relevant legal sources it is revealed that Indonesia’s treatment of refuges is based on the general obligation to protect and honor human rights (on the basis of international minimum standard). It is further recommended that Indonesia should actively support the global compact on refugees.
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Momot, Volodymyr Ye, Olena M. Lytvynenko, and S. Zairzhanov. "SPECIFICS OF GAINING ECONOMIC INDEPENDENCE BY REFUGEES FROM UKRAINE." Academic Review 1, no. 58 (February 15, 2023): 205–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.32342/2074-5354-2023-1-58-15.
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The article examines the problems of the emergence and development of the flow of refugees from Ukraine during the first half of 2022 as a complex phenomenon that depends on rational (economic) and irrational (social-psychological) factors. The phenomenological model, created on the basis of the Burgers’ equation, which reproduces the process of the involvement of the new refugees to the flow and the resistance of the environment to the formation of this flow, made it possible to analyze such subtle effects as the existence of a hub country, where the initial accumulation of refugees takes place, followed by redistribution, and the influence of infrastructure problems in the exit country. Transitional regimes from the infrastructural problems prevailing in the country of exit to the predominant influence of the hub-country effects are also considered. It is concluded that the entry to new levels of the refugee flow could be achieved due to the effects of emotional and economic (rational) behavior of refugees replenishing the hub, i.e., a stepwise development of the refugee flow is possible if new hubs would be created, or the existing hub will be freed up from overloading. On the basis of mathematical modeling, it is shown that in the case when the refugee flow is restrained by infrastructural problems in the exodus country, the exit to the stationary regime is delayed. Identification of the proposed model was carried out based on the empirical data on the refugee flow development using the apparatus of incorrect problems of the mathematical physics. A comparison of the dynamic effects of the refugee flow development from Ukraine with similar processes in Syria and Iraq was carried out, which allowed for identification of the zones of influence of infrastructure problems and the hub effect in the refugee flow development. The use of the concept of refugees’ economic independence (self-sufficiency), which was developed in 2018 by the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, was proposed as a basis for policy formation in the field of refugee assistance. The consequences of the discrete use of this concept in the case of refugees from Syria are analyzed, and the dynamics of employment opportunities for these refugees in countries with similar and different socio-cultural conditions were compared. A conclusion was made about the fundamental difference in the employment trends in those types of countries. The authors formulated proposals regarding the utilization of the Monte Carlo methods and the learning model for researching the peculiarities of the process of Ukrainian refugees achieving a certain level of economic independence (self-sufficiency), determining the typical time of reaching such a level, obtaining the distribution of probabilities of getting the first job depending on the initial competencies and skills of refuges, their education, experience, and foreign languages mastery.
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Siddiqi, Anooradha. "Ephemerality." Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East 40, no. 1 (May 1, 2020): 24–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/1089201x-8186005.
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Abstract What are the politics of ephemerality? In the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees establishment at Dadaab, Kenya, a massive complex of refugee camps near the border of Somalia, the visual and architectural terms of ephemerality—a permanent impermanence—transform the act of seeing. By thinking through one refugee's experience and analyzing urbanism, architectural form and symbolism, and spatial-political organization, this essay suggests that ephemerality plays a part in structuring subjectivity, with implications for the narration of history.
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Ummer Bashir and Munira T. "Durable Solution: Right to Education a Hope for Better Future for Refugees." East Asian Journal of Multidisciplinary Research 1, no. 6 (July 27, 2022): 1157–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.55927/eajmr.v1i6.779.
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Globally, after the World War 2, the population of displaced people is at its highest. Significant, long-lasting, and impacting several facets of human existence, the repercussions of forcible relocation are substantial and far-reaching. Education is a crucial issue that is significantly impacted by the forced migration. Since 2010, education has been among the United Nations Refugee Agency’s worldwide strategic goals (UNHCR). For refugees, the optimism and aspiration for an education that would allow them to attain secure and decent careers has been a fundamental aspect of their lives. The purpose of this article is to examine the refugee’s right to education and to define the nation’s human rights duties in educational affairs focusing on the present flow of refugees.
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Sharpe, Marina. "The 1951 Refugee Convention’s Contingent Rights Framework and Article 26 of the ICCPR: A Fundamental Incompatibility?" Refuge: Canada's Journal on Refugees 30, no. 2 (November 19, 2014): 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.25071/1920-7336.39613.
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This article addresses the relationship between two primary structural features of the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees—that many benefits under it accrue on the basis of a refugee’s degree of attachment to his or her host state and that many rights under the convention are guaranteed to a refugee only to the extent that they are enjoyed by a particular reference group—and the 1966 International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights’ article 26 equality guarantee. Specifically, it examines whether attachment contingencies and reference groups, when incorporated in the refugee laws of states party to the ICCPR, might run afoul of article 26.
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Smith-Khan, Laura. "Communicative resources and credibility in public discourse on refugees." Language in Society 48, no. 3 (April 23, 2019): 403–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047404519000186.
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AbstractThis article examines how communicative resources affect the construction of credible texts and identities in a public debate on Australia's treatment of a refugee. It centres on two key written statements—one from the Immigration Minister, and another from a Somali refugee. The analysis is divided into four levels, exploring the parties’ respective linguistic, material, identity, and platform resources, and how these impact their statements’ creation and reception, and their participation in discourse creation more generally. The article finds that there are inequalities on all four resource levels that largely undermine the refugee's ability to present a credible text and identity and challenge mainstream discourse on refugees. The article demonstrates how a multi-level analysis of communicative resources can challenge assumptions about participation and uncover inequalities invisible in the prevailing discourse. (Asylum, Australia, communicative resources, discourse, intercultural communication, media, power, refugee)*
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Güngördü, Zehra, and Erhan Kurtarır. "Mülteciler ve Hatay’da geleceğin plansız inşası." Göç Dergisi 3, no. 1 (March 22, 2016): 83–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/gd.v3i1.556.
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Birleşmiş Milletler verilerine göre mültecilerin ağırlıkla kentsel alanlarda yaşamaktadır. Günümüzde de mültecilerin görece daha insani koşullarda yaşama imkanı bulacaklarına inandıkları küresel kentlere doğru göç ettikleri görülmektedir. Bu çalışma kent mültecileri konusunda şehir planlama pratiklerinin görmezden geldiği mülteci sorununa dikkat çekmeyi hedeflemektedir. Bu amaçla, mültecilerin Hatay’daki koşulları, yerel dinamikler ve bir toplumsal entegrasyon stratejisi olarak mülteci çocuklarının eğitimi konusu ele alınması gerektiği hatırlatılmakta ve bu amaca ulaşmak için gerekli planlama erkinin sorumlulukları tartışmaya açmaktadır. Çalışmanın örnek kenti olarak Hatay ve kentin mekânsal stratejik planlama süreci seçilmiştir.ENGLISH ABSTRACTRefugees and future in Hatay without a planAccording to UN data’s, refugee distribution on world wide shows us most of the refugees are living in urban areas. It can be seen that today refugee’s migrating into the direction of global cities to find better living condition. This paper aims to draw attention to the urban refugee problematic which is overlooked by urban planning practices today in Turkey. For this purpose, conditions of refugees in Hatay, local dynamics and education of refugee children will be evaluated as social integration strategy and needed responsibility of planning authority in order to reach that goal will be discussed. Hatay and it’s spatial strategic planning process has been selected as the case study of this paper.
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Mroue, Tamara, Betlem Heras, Jose M. Soriano, and María Morales-Suarez-Varela. "Prevalence of Malnutrition among Syrian Refugee Children from Lebanon." Life 13, no. 2 (February 6, 2023): 453. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life13020453.
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Today, the situation of Syrian refugees is one of the world’s worst humanitarian crises. To estimate the prevalence of malnutrition among pediatric populations of Syrian refugees, 176 Syrian refugee children, with stays of more than two years at three refugee camps (Zalhé, Deddeh, and Kfar Jouz) or from the town of Yohmor, Lebanon were authorized by their parents to participate in this study. The children were anthropometrically evaluated and height-for-age Z-score (HAZ), weight-for-age Z-score (WAZ), and weight-for-height (WHZ) Z-scores were obtained and compared with WHO standards. Furthermore, mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) was analyzed for screening children 6–59 months old. According to the anthropometric measures, no child met the criteria for chronic, global, acute malnutrition (CGAM), severe acute malnutrition (SAM), or moderate acute malnutrition (MAM). In the total sample, 49.4% of participants were moderately thin, with girls presenting a higher prevalence of thinness than that of boys. Thus, the absence of high rates of malnutrition was verified despite the magnitude of the Syrian refugee’s problem. The data provided by this study identify the need to carry out further research to assess anthropometric growth and nutritional status among long-staying refugee children in order to prevent any health issues that may arise in the future.
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Opalic, Petar. "Research on psychopathological consequences of refugeeism." Medical review 56, no. 9-10 (2003): 465–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/mpns0310465o.
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The study examined mental and psychopathological consequences of refugeeism and included (109) refugees from refugee camp in Krnjaca. Their reactions were compared with the reactions of (70) somatically injured patients from Orthopedic Hospital of the Clinical Centre in Belgrade and subjects (105) from Belgrade denying any traumatic experience whatsoever. Apart from the questionnaire on socio-demographic features, subjects were asked to provide answers to Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD-10) scale, Brief Eysenck?s Personality Inventory, Family Homogeneity Inventory and Impact of Events Scale. By implementation of appropriate statistical procedures (variance analysis), the significance of differences among certain features within the experimental group of refugees was examined, as well as the difference concerning presence of mental and psychopathological features among all three subgroups. It was determined that within the refugee group, males more significantly and more frequently reacted with PTSD symptoms, as well as with signs of general neuroticism and that married refugees more frequently presented with PTSD symptoms. In comparison to non-refugees, refugees more significantly and more frequently present with PTSD symptoms, which is probably caused by PTSD chronicity in this category of subjects. Subjects denying any significant traumatic experience in their lives presented with symptoms of general neuroticism more than the rest of examinees. This is an interesting finding that can be explained by the fact that the same group achieved the highest values on the extraversion scale (using the same Eysenck instrument), or may be correlated to the increase of neurotic reactions in the whole population of Serbia and Montenegro. The above mentioned and other results were compared to the findings of similar researches performed by other authors.
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Kartiko, Asto Yudho, Jennifer Cecilia Telaumbanua, and Tsaltsa Syah Putri. "Implementation of Immigration Supervision Refugees at Community House In Under Control Supervision of Immigration Detention House Jakarta." Journal of Law and Border Protection 1, no. 1 (May 28, 2019): 13–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.52617/jlbp.v1i1.154.
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Indonesia is one of the countries that has not ratified the 1951 Convention on refugees but that does not prohibit refugees from coming and getting protection in Indonesia because based on the prevailing constitution, Indonesia has the responsibility to handle refugees and carry out immigration control over them. With the existence of Government Regulation Number 125 of 2016 concerning Handling of Refugees from Abroad, immigration plays a role in collecting data, placing, monitoring, and returning refugees to their home countries or third countries. Supervision is an important action taken in dealing with refugees while in Indonesia. Refugees who have received approval from UNHCR and have special needs will be placed in the Community House. The formulation of the problem in this study is how to implement immigration control for refugees in the Jakarta Community House and what obstacles are found in conducting surveillance. The purpose of this research is to find out how the implementation of immigration control carried out on refugees in Community House Jakarta. The research method used is normative empiris, using primary and secondary data, studying and evaluating phenomena about refugees and legal norms related to refugees and immigration control obtained from literature and law, then analyzed to get conclusions. So it can be explained that the implementation of immigration control of refugees at the Jakarta Community House is carried out by means of attendance and data collection on refugee identification cards and stamps and signatures of Jakarta Rudenim officers. The obstacle to monitoring at the Community House is that there is still conflict between the refugees and the refugee's poor health condition.
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Saner, Raymond, Lichia Yiu, and Laurel Rush. "Population ageing and a lack of semi-skilled workers in Switzerland." Career Development International 25, no. 1 (August 14, 2019): 24–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cdi-11-2018-0275.
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Purpose The question being discussed in this paper is how can refugees be integrated into a host country’s labour market with Switzerland serving as a case example experiencing specific local challenges, such as an aging society and gaps in the labour market, particularly relating to semi-skilled jobs in the public sector. The paper aims to discuss this issue. Design/methodology/approach This paper examines Switzerland’s intake of refugees and analyses existing refugee and labour market policies and how the integration process is being managed by the authorities and responded to by Swiss citizens. Findings The analysis shows that refugees can potentially find jobs in all three segments of the Swiss labour market (highly skilled, semi-skilled and low-skilled labour) and provide mutually beneficial solutions for all parties concerned that include: for refugees seeking employment and asylum; for the aging population requiring care delivered by low- and semi-skilled workforce; and for public and private sector enterprises in need of qualified and motivated labour force. Originality/value This paper examines the interplay between refugees seeking work and demonstrates the importance of relating job entry by refuges with actual labour market constraints and opportunities of the host country, Switzerland.
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Hughes, Emma, Susanne Kean, and Fiona Cuthill. "Fluctuating power: an exploration of refugee health nursing within the resettlement context in Victoria, Australia." Journal of Research in Nursing 27, no. 3 (May 2022): 217–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/17449871221083786.
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Background The Refugee Health Program (RHP) is a nurse-led community initiative, introduced in 2005 with the aim of responding to complex health issues of refugees arriving in Victoria, Australia. Little is known about refugee health nursing in the resettlement context and the impact of dedicated refugee healthcare. Aim To explore the experiences and perspectives of Refugee Health Nurses (RHNs), Refugee Health Managers (managers) and refugees, gaining insight into professional relationships and the complexities of offering a specialised refugee health service. Method A focused ethnographic approach incorporated semi-structured interviews with five RHNs, two managers and eight refugees, two focus groups with refugees and participant observation within the RHP during April 2017 to December 2017. Data collection was undertaken across two sites and interviews, focus groups and observations were transcribed and thematically analysed. Social constructionism asserts that the focus of enquiry should be on interaction, group processes and social practices. Emphasis is placed upon relationships between RHNs, managers and refugees, with knowledge viewed as relational and interactional. Results Professional relationships between RHNs and refugees are complex, with power oscillating between them. Contrary to discourses of ‘vulnerability’ of refugees, both RHNs and refugees demonstrated power in their relationships with each other. Nurses also suggested that these relationships were stressful and could lead to burnout. Key themes were developed: (1) nursing autonomy and gatekeeping; (2) vicarious trauma and burnout; and (3) refugee negotiation of care. Conclusions The balance of power is central to therapeutic relationships. In relationships between RHNs and refugees, power fluctuates as RHNs are exposed to vicarious trauma and symptoms of burnout, while refugees exercise agency by recognising benefits to specialised care. In developing effective therapeutic relationships between RHNs and refugees, attention should be paid to how care is delivered to protect RHNs from burnout while ensuring that refugees receive appropriate care.
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Hussein, Bekhal Abubaker, and Rauf Kareem Mahmood. "The Types of Nonverbal Communication Cues with Reference to Refugeeism." Journal of University of Raparin 7, no. 2 (April 13, 2020): 159–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.26750/vol(7).no(2).paper8.
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This paper tackles nonverbal communication cues among refugees. It is widely believed that nonverbal communication is one of the most effective types of communication to enhance better human understanding and cooperation. Besides, interpretation and comprehension of this type of communication are crucial among diverse nations, cultures, and ethnic groups. On the other hand, the number of refugees has increased because of several factors, mainly including armed political conflicts in Middle-Eastern countries. Thus, they face political, economic, social, and/or psychological threats. Besides, they encounter other challenging difficulties in verbal and nonverbal communication. Therefore, communication enhancement has become essential and crucial to treat refugees through more proactive nonverbal communication strategies. The study targets real people in Sulaimani Governorate refugee camps, Kurdistan Region of Iraq. It investigates the types of nonverbal cues in the sociopragmatic refugeeism context. It initiates by some definitions of sociopragmatics and nonverbal communication and its cues categorization. In addition, it extends to explain the impact of sociopragmatic variables on the communicative types of nonverbal cues.
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Li, Zehua. "The Relationship between UK’s Refugee Legislation and Policies and the Welfare of Refugees." Journal of Education, Humanities and Social Sciences 8 (February 7, 2023): 1390–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/ehss.v8i.4492.
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The aggregate of refugees to the UK has been on a sharp increase during recent years. Such a rise would put a strain on government expenditures. This substantial investment in refugees may result in the current limited refugee policy. Therefore, this paper focuses on those limited refugee policies and illustrates how they impact the welfare of refugees by collecting interviews and government documents from the point of view of refugee applications, refugee education, and refugee employment policy. From the research, the so-called "benefiting refugee" policy—Rwanda initiative not only denies refugees their right to asylum but also threatens their personal safety; the unsuitable and stricter education policy has not met the required education level for refugee children; the unfair employment policy for the majority of asylum seekers and would have a negative effect on their near future (after getting refugee status).
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Owino, Jonix, and Heather Fuller. "Aging out of Place: Factors Related to Quality of Life Among Older Refugees in the United States." Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2021): 236. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.912.
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Abstract Refugees flee their home countries, migrating to countries such as the US for safety. The psychological distress they experience may compromise their adaptation and well-being. However, little is known about quality of life among aging refugees who migrate to the US as adults, and in particular whether quality of life varies among refugees by sociodemographic factors such as age, sex, country of origin, and length of residence. Moreover, limited research exists examining the role of social connectedness for aging refugees’s quality of life. The current study explores sociodemographic and social connection factors associated with quality of life among aging refugees (N = 108; aged 50+). Refugees from Bhutan, Burundi, and Somalia were recruited from a Midwestern small city to complete an in-depth survey assessing social factors and well-being. Hierarchical regression analyses showed that females, older individuals, and African refugees reported lower quality of life, while length of residence was not associated with quality of life. When controlling for sociodemographic factors, greater social integration and lower loneliness were significantly associated with higher quality of life. There was also a significant interaction between loneliness and sex in predicting quality of life, indicating that greater loneliness was associated with reduced quality of life for women but not men. Study findings will be discussed in light of cultural variations within refugee groups and with the goal of highlighting ways to best support aging refugees’ well-being and develop social programs that can effectively cater to issues of aging among refugees.
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Kandasamy, Niro, Lauren Avery, and Karen Soldatic. "Networks and Contested Identities in the Refugee Journey." Social Inclusion 10, no. 4 (December 19, 2022): 194–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/si.v10i4.6535.
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This thematic issue traverses refugee research that recognises the importance of networks in determining the paths that refugees undertake in their journeys to seek safety and protection. In recent years, scholars have increasingly pointed to the multifaceted nature of networks in the refugee journey. These articles demonstrate the importance of elucidating the distinct influences and factors that shape refugee networks, including the unequal power relations between refugees and refugee aid workers in transit countries, transnational family and community connections, the proliferation of technologies in strengthening refugees’ networks, the role of the state in privileging certain refugee groups over others, and the role of refugees themselves in mobilising both past and existing networks to activate supports.
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Azhari, Sri Muliana, and M. Ya’kub Aiyub Kadir. "PROTECTION OF CHILD REFUGEES UNDER INTERNATIONAL LAW." Student Journal of International Law 1, no. 2 (January 5, 2022): 147–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.24815/sjil.v1i2.19280.
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International law has a vital role in securing more excellent protection for refugee children. There are 82.4 million people fleeing war, violence, persecution, and human rights violations in 2020 globally, 42% of refugees are children under the age of 18. Therefore this study raised the question of what international conventions govern child refugees. This research uses normative research.The results found that the 1951 refugee convention and the 1967 protocol are international arrangements regulating refugee children. Simultaneously, the Convention on the right of Children (CRC) also offers more detailed and comprehensive legal guidelines on child care, including refugee children. Those two conventions have contributed to firm legal protection for child refugees, but there is also a weakness when a country only ratifies one of them. Thus, for legal certainty, a new legal instrument in the form of a convention on the rights of child refugees is needed to fulfill the rights of child refugees properly. Keywords: International protection, International refugee law, Child refugee.
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Gatrell, Peter. "Refugees and refugee studies." Nationalities Papers 45, no. 6 (November 2017): 1189–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00905992.2017.1355359.
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Duggal, Arvinder K., James B. Kirkbride, Christina Dalman, and Anna-Clara Hollander. "Risk of non-affective psychotic disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder by refugee status in Sweden." Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 74, no. 3 (November 25, 2019): 276–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2019-212798.
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BackgroundRefugees have different experiences of obtaining a refugee status, however it remains unclear if this affects their risk of psychiatric disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate whether risk for non-affective psychotic disorder (NAPD) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) differs between quota refugees (resettled from refugee camps) and non-quota refugees (former asylum seekers).MethodA register-based cohort with a sample size of 52 561 refugees in Sweden starting 1 January 1997 ending 31 December 2011. Exposure: refugee status (quota or non-quota refugees). Cox regression models estimated adjusted HRs with 95% CIs for NAPD (International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD-10), F20–29) and PTSD (ICD-10, F43.1) by refugee status.ResultsThere were more non-quota refugees (77.0%) than quota refugees (23.0%). In total we identified 401 cases of NAPD, 1.0% among quota refugees and 0.7% among non-quota refugees, and 1070 cases of PTSD, 1.9% among quota refugees and 2.1% among non-quota refugees. Male quota refugees were at increased risk for NAPD compared with male non-quota refugees (HRmale=1.41, 95% CI 1.09 to 1.82 and HRfemale=0.65, 95% CI 0.42 to 1.00). All quota refugees were at a reduced risk of PTSD compared with non-quota refugees (HR=0.74, 95% CI 0.64 to 0.87).ConclusionsThis study suggests that risk of NAPD and PTSD varies for quota and non-quota refugees, highlighting the possibility that different experiences of the migration process differentiate the risk of psychiatric disorders among refugees.
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Pérez, Michael. "‘Min Al-Mukhayyam’ (‘From the Camp’)." Anthropology of the Middle East 16, no. 1 (June 1, 2021): 9–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/ame.2021.160102.
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This article examines the implications of long-term encampment and exile for the meaning of Palestinian identity amongst refugees. It shows how the conditions of Palestinian camps in Jordan function as a key marker of social difference between refugees of the camps and the city. Whereas camp refugees see the hardships of camp life as conditions to be confronted, urban refugees take them as constitutive features of a socially distinct refugee. As I argue, the distinctions between camp and city refugees illustrate how the refugee category and the humanitarian camp exceed the ideology and function of humanitarianism. They demonstrate how, in protracted refugee situations, the refugee label and the historical context of the camp can become socially significant and contested features of identity.
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Rüegger, Seraina, and Heidrun Bohnet. "The Ethnicity of Refugees (ER): A new dataset for understanding flight patterns." Conflict Management and Peace Science 35, no. 1 (November 16, 2015): 65–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0738894215611865.
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Introducing a new cross-national dataset on the ethnicity of refugees, covering the years 1975–2009, this study analyzes refugee flight patterns. We argue that the asylum destination of refugees is not haphazard but determined by trans-border ethnic linkages. Building on migration theories, we elaborate a theoretical framework for the direction of refugee movements, which includes spatial, temporal and cultural pull factors. The statistical results suggest that refugees flee to nearby countries with ethnic kin populations and a history of accepting other co-ethnic refugees. Thus, sub-national refugee characteristics, such as ethnicity, are essential to understanding the flight direction of refugees.
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Polcher, Kelly, and Susan Calloway. "Addressing the Need for Mental Health Screening of Newly Resettled Refugees." Journal of Primary Care & Community Health 7, no. 3 (March 4, 2016): 199–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2150131916636630.
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Background and Purpose: Refugees resettling to the United States are at increased risk for mental health disorders, which can lead to difficulty with adaptation and poor health outcomes. Standardized mental health screening of refugees is often neglected at primary care and community health clinics. A pilot project aimed to initiate early mental health screening for newly resettled adult refugees was implemented at a community health center in Fargo, North Dakota. Methods: Current refugee screening processes were evaluated to determine appropriate timing for refugee mental health screening. This took into consideration time, staffing, interpreter availability and the refugee “honeymoon” phase following resettlement. The Refugee Health Screener–15 (RHS-15) was identified as an efficient, valid, and reliable tool for assessing emotional distress in this population and was integrated into refugee health screening practices. Results: The RHS-15 was administered to 178 adult refugees with arrival dates between August 1, 2013 and July 31, 2014. Of those screened, 51 (28.6%) screened positive for risk of emotional distress. Follow-up with primary care provider was completed with 30 (59%) of those who screened positive. Half (15) requested mental health treatment. Although the largest group of refugees during this period of time were resettling from Bhutan, refugees from Iraq had greater incidence of positive screening compared with those from Bhutan. Refugees from Iraq were also found to have significantly higher scores on the RHS-15. Conclusions: Although there are some challenges to implementing a standardized mental health screening for refugees, this pilot reiterates the need for standardized mental health screening of refugees. Routine mental health screening should be a part of the overall comprehensive health assessment provided to refugees nationwide. Considerations should be taken in regards to how refugees from Iraq have even greater risk of mental health disorders compared to other refugee groups.
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Pervez, Saulat. "Making Refuge." American Journal of Islam and Society 34, no. 3 (July 1, 2017): 165–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v34i3.792.
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The term refugees has become the latest buzzword, causing people to eitherspew hate speech or extend a warm welcome – thereby creating a firmdividing line. There is so much discussion about refugees that peoplesometimes forget the very individuals who are forced to stand astride thatdividing line. Who are they? What are their stories? What does it mean tobe a refugee? How are they coping once they reach the United States?How are their lives impacted by this divisive debate? What are the strugglesthey continue to have? How are they influencing the larger communitieswhere they live? Catherine Besteman addresses all of these questions(and more) in her timely study, Making Refuge: Somali Bantu Refugeesand Lewiston, Maine.Besteman introduces the book by speaking of her yearlong stay in Banta,Somalia, as part of her anthropological fieldwork during the late 1980s, justbefore civil war broke out. She then immediately shifts the lens to Lewiston,Maine, in the year 2010, home to a large Somali refugee community. Juxtaposingthese two worlds to frame her inquiry, she delves into Banta’s pre-warhistory: a simple yet harmonious village life built around communitarianismand happiness within poverty, of agriculture and the “rule” of village elders, ofpre-defined gender roles and extended families ...
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Graham, Imelda Mary. "Addressing the Needs of Vulnerable Refugees." Journal of Applied Rehabilitation Counseling 51, no. 4 (December 1, 2020): 282–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/jarc-d-20-00029.
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In recent times there has been a large increase in the numbers of people who are refugees1 seeking asylum, safety, and a secure future in countries across the globe. The countries to which they seek to gain access have often placed barriers to their arrival, sometimes overwhelmed by the numbers. People who have become refugees have the same human rights and basic needs as anyone else. Rehabilitative work is limited in most instances, although if properly addressed would afford most people who are refugees the opportunity to integrate into their new countries, and enable them to contribute in a meaningful manner to that country's well-being and development. Displaced peoples have a broad profile, including people with disabilities, some being acquired on their migration journey. Social justice practice includes addressing the needs of refugees, especially the most vulnerable among them. This article will examine these issues, establishing the context of current displacement, with projected numbers for the future; it will describe and discuss the impact of the difficult journeys undertaken by refugees; and propose the key elements for focus by rehabilitation professionals, particular reference to the European situation, especially that of Greece. The article is based on the author's first-hand experiences while working in European refugee camps, including one specifically for those with disabilities. The article will draw upon information, statistics, and other evidence supporting the issues addressed, including Human Rights Watch; Pew Research Center; Aida: Asylum in Europe Database, the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, and the United Nations.
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Shalihah, Fithriatus, and Muhammad Nur. "Observations on the Protection of Refugees in Indonesia." Fiat Justisia: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 15, no. 4 (June 30, 2021): 361–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.25041/fiatjustisia.v15no4.2143.
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Pekanbaru City and Makassar City are areas that serve as refugee shelters in Indonesia. Generally, refugees in Pekanbaru City and Makassar City were only transiting, while the main destination was Australia. However, the Australian Government's strict policies resulted in refugees being held in Indonesia for many years. This research then examines how the protection of refugees in Pekanbaru City and Makassar City towards the granting of refugee rights granted by the Government and international organizations regarding the status of refugees so far. The author uses empirical/sociological legal research methods, which are conducted by observational research, by conducting surveys, and empirical or socio-legal approaches, namely through field observations, interviews, and literature studies. The results of this study found that Indonesia has respected the provisions of international law in protecting refugees in Indonesia. The handling of refugees in Indonesia For the most part, it has worked well in granting refugee rights under the provisions of international conventions on refugee status.
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Taylor, J. Edward, Mateusz J. Filipski, Mohamad Alloush, Anubhab Gupta, Ruben Irvin Rojas Valdes, and Ernesto Gonzalez-Estrada. "Economic impact of refugees." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 27 (June 20, 2016): 7449–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1604566113.
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In 2015, the United Nations High Commission for Refugees accommodated over 15 million refugees, mostly in refugee camps in developing countries. The World Food Program provided these refugees with food aid, in cash or in kind. Refugees’ impacts on host countries are controversial and little understood. This unique study analyzes the economic impacts of refugees on host-country economies within a 10-km radius of three Congolese refugee camps in Rwanda. Simulations using Monte Carlo methods reveal that cash aid to refugees creates significant positive income spillovers to host-country businesses and households. An additional adult refugee receiving cash aid increases annual real income in the local economy by $205 to $253, significantly more than the $120–$126 in aid each refugee receives. Trade between the local economy and the rest of Rwanda increases by $49 to $55. The impacts are lower for in-kind food aid, a finding relevant to development aid generally.
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Adwani, Adwani, Rosmawati Rosmawati, and M. Ya’kub Aiyub Kadir. "THE RESPONSIBILITY IN PROTECTING THE ROHINGYA REFUGEES IN ACEH PROVINCE, INDONESIA: AN INTERNATIONAL REFUGEES LAW PERSPECTIVE." IIUM Law Journal 29, (S2) (November 3, 2021): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.31436/iiumlj.v29i(s2).677.
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The coast of western Indonesia (Aceh province) has been the entrance for Rohingya refugees since 2012. At the beginning of 2020, the Rohingya refugees continued to arrive, although some of them have been resettled and transferred to the third countries. The Indonesian government rejected a large number of Rohingya refugees because there were no lex specialis in the Indonesian immigration arrangement related to asylum seekers and refugees. Historically, Indonesia was a country with commitment and experiences in dealing with refugees, however to date, Indonesia refused to become a party to the 1951 International Refugee Convention and 1967 Protocol on Refugees. Hence, there is no legal standards of the refugee management in Indonesia, and thus it complicates the management of the incoming Rohingyas. Responding to such issue, the government has issued the Presidential Regulation Number 125 of 2016 concerning the foreign refugee management to provide a temporary legal standard for all forms of refugee protection in Indonesia. However, such regulation has yet to comprehensively settled the management of the Rohingya people in Indonesia, particularly in Aceh province. This paper strongly advocates the Indonesian government to ratify the 1951 International Refugee Convention as to protect and settle the refugee under the non-refoulment principle which is fundamentally referred to humanitarian values.
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Kaplan, Julika, Natalie Lazarescou, Sally Huang, Sarah Ali, Sophia Banu, Ye Beverly Du, and Srijana Shrestha. "Overview of challenges faced by refugees following resettlement in Houston, Texas: a qualitative study at five refugee resettlement agencies." International Journal of Migration, Health and Social Care 18, no. 1 (November 26, 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijmhsc-01-2021-0009.
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Purpose This paper aims to conduct a qualitative needs assessment to explore the effectiveness of Houston’s refugee resettlement efforts in the areas of employment, health care and education. Design/methodology/approach Using referral sampling, the authors identified refugee community leaders and staff members at the five refugee resettlement agencies in Houston. The authors conducted 29 qualitative interviews with these contacts from February–August 2017. Findings Recently resettled refugees may struggle to find and maintain employment in Houston due to difficulty accessing public transportation. Refugees seeking medical care in Houston often have difficulty navigating the complexities of the health-care system and communicating with their physicians due to language barriers. Finally, refugee children may have trouble adapting to Houston public schools, sometimes because they have limited experience with formal education. This study provided insights into the challenges Houston refugees face during resettlement and these barriers can be mitigated with policies designed specifically to address them. Practical implications The authors recommend decreasing public transportation fees for refugees, supporting programs that donate used vehicles to refugees, expanding access to English as a Second Language classes for refugee children and adults and giving refugees designated time to learn English upon arrival. Originality/value Houston welcomes more resettled refugees than any other American city. However, few studies have explored the barriers refugees face during the resettlement process.
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Mwenyango, Hadijah, and George Palattiyil. "Health needs and challenges of women and children in Uganda’s refugee settlements: Conceptualising a role for social work." International Social Work 62, no. 6 (September 9, 2019): 1535–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020872819865010.
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With 1.36 million refugees, Uganda has witnessed Africa’s highest refugee crisis and is confronted with subsequent protection and assistance demands. The Government of Uganda and its partners are trying to support refugees to overcome the associated debilitating health conditions, and it recently shot to prominence in refuge management. Despite this, there are still gaps in health service provision for refugees. This article discusses the health situation of refugee women and children living in Uganda’s refugee settlements, explores the existing health service gaps, and argues that there is a need to extend the role of social work in health services for refugees.
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Chambers, Robert. "Hidden Losers? The Impact of Rural Refugees and Refugee Programs on Poorer Hosts." International Migration Review 20, no. 2 (June 1986): 245–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019791838602000207.
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Refugee relief organizations and refugee studies have refugees as their first concern and focus. Adverse impacts of refugees on hosts are relatively neglected. When impacts are considered, they are seen in terms of host country governments, economies and services rather than people or different groups among host populations. In rural refugee-affected areas, the better-off and more visible hosts usually gain from the presence of refugees and from refugee programs. In contrast, the poorer among the hosts can be hidden losers. This is more so now than in the past, especially where land is scarce and labor relatively abundant. The poorer hosts 2 can lose from competition for food, work, wages, services and common property resources. Vulnerable hosts also lack refugees’ option of sending their weaker dependents to camps and settlements. Development programs in refugee-affected areas and refugee studies will do a disservice if they neglect adverse effects of refugees on vulnerable hosts. These effects further strengthen the case for development to benefit the whole population in refugee-affected areas. 2 Here and elsewhere ‘the poorer hosts’ means ‘the poorer people among the host population'. ‘Once I accompanied one of our Ministers to the Eastern Region, and we all drove out of town to look at a new wave of refugees arriving from Eritrea. Before reaching the camp, the Minister — who was not familiar with the region — saw a cluster of shelters made of mats and under their shade were a number of families with children who were very thin and almost in rags. The Minister turned to the Governor of the Region and asked him whether these were refugees, and the Governor promptly replied, ‘No, Your Excellency, these are the hosts'. (The Sudanese Ambassador to Britain, from the transcript of the Proceedings of the International Symposium ‘Assistance to Refugees: Alternative Viewpoints', Oxford, March 1984).
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Käkelä, Emmaleena, Helen Baillot, Leyla Kerlaff, and Marcia Vera-Espinoza. "From Acts of Care to Practice-Based Resistance: Refugee-Sector Service Provision and Its Impact(s) on Integration." Social Sciences 12, no. 1 (January 11, 2023): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci12010039.
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The UK refugee sector encompasses welfare provision, systems advocacy, capacity development and research. However, to date there has been little attention on refugees’ experiences of the support provided by these services or on the views of the practitioners who deliver them. This paper draws from interviews and workshops with thirty refugee beneficiaries of an integration service in Scotland and twenty practitioners to shed light on how refugees and practitioners perceive and provide meaning to the work of the refugee sector. We identify refugee sector organisations as crucial nodes in refugees’ social networks and explore the multiple roles they play in the integration process. Firstly, we confirm that refugee organisations act as connectors, linking refugees with wider networks of support. Secondly, we demonstrate that the work of the refugee sector involves acts of care that are of intrinsic value to refugees, over and above the achievement of tangible integration outcomes. Finally, we demonstrate that this care also involves acts that seek to overcome and subvert statutory system barriers. We propose to understand these acts as forms of “practice-based resistance” necessitated by a hostile policy environment. The findings expand on understandings of the refugee sector, its role in integration and the multi-faceted nature of integration processes.
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BELTEKIN, Nurettin. "Turkey’s Progress Toward Meeting Refugee Education Needs The Example of Syrian Refugees." Eurasian Journal of Educational Research 16, no. 66 (December 19, 2016): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.14689/ejer.2016.66.10.
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Giri, Animesh. "From Refuge to Riches? An Analysis of Refugees’ Wage Assimilation in the United States1." International Migration Review 52, no. 1 (March 2018): 125–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/imre.12285.
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Given that refugees may be fleeing from political, social, racial, ethnic, or religious persecution, they are not expected to be economically independent upon arrival to the United States. Considerable state and federal resources are specifically aimed at the economic assimilation of refugees in the United States. In this article, I examine the extent to which average refugee wages have assimilated toward those of their native counterparts in the United States. Among synthetic cohorts from 1990 to 2000, most recent young refugees increase average refugee wages by approximately 17 percent within a decade. Similarly, in the period between 2000 and 2010, the gains for young and recent refugees increase average refugee wages by approximately 22 percent. In contrast, across both decades, duration effects for the oldest refugee cohorts — irrespective of their length of stay in the United States — exert a considerable downward push on average refugee wages. The contrasts in wage contributions for the oldest and youngest cohorts are less extreme for non-refugee immigrants. These findings underscore the importance of age at entry into the United States for wage assimilation, especially in the case of refugees.
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Kaiser, Tania. "Between a camp and a hard place: rights, livelihood and experiences of the local settlement system for long-term refugees in Uganda." Journal of Modern African Studies 44, no. 4 (November 1, 2006): 597–621. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x06002102.
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Drawing on qualitative research with refugees in and outside formal settlements, this article challenges characterisations of Uganda's UNHCR-supported refugee settlement system as un-problematically successful. It shows that by denying refugees freedom of movement, the settlement system undermines their socio-economic and other rights. Refugees who remain outside the formal system of refugee registration and settlement are deprived of the refugee status to which they are entitled under international law. The article questions the conventional opposition between refugees living in and out of refugee settlements in the Ugandan context, revealing a more complex and interconnected dynamic than is often assumed. It suggests that those refugees with some external support may be able to escape the confines of remote rural settlements, where refugee agricultural livelihoods are seriously compromised by distance from markets, unfavourable climatic conditions, exhausted soil and inadequate inputs. It argues that refugee livelihoods face more rather than fewer challenges as exile becomes protracted, and concludes that the government and UNHCR's Self Reliance Strategy (SRS) has not yet managed to overcome the contradiction inherent in denying people freedom of movement, without supporting them effectively to meet their needs in the places to which they are restricted.
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Paek, Yilsoon. "The Formation and Change of Refugee Discourse from the Perspective of Governmobility: A Study on the Keywords of Newspaper Articles about Afghanistan Special Contributors." Association of Korean Cultural and Historical Geographers 34, no. 2 (August 30, 2022): 151–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.29349/jchg.2022.34.2.151.
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This study aims to analyze the changing issues of refugee discourse as the concept of governmobility. From the perspective of governmobility, refugees are not only politically interpreted, but also become a tool to represent the position of the receiving country. As a result of the keyword analysis on Afghanistan refugees in Korean newspaper articles, Afghanistan refugees were only an issue in Europe and Western countries until the 1990s, but are now at the center of refugee issues in many countries, including South Korea. The background of the change is related to the internalization of refugee issues, mainly focusing on the nation’s inclusiveness to refugees. Also, the domestic refugee issue is not composed of homogeneous forms and contents, creating new discourses and various political spaces.
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Bakker, Felix Ferdin. "Establish ASEAN-AUSTRALIA Communication In Resolving Humanitarian Issues For International Asylum Seekers and Refugees." Veteran Law Review 4, no. 1 (April 16, 2021): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.35586/velrev.v4i1.2630.
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The current problem of refugees cannot be handled with policies that address the root of the problem. The increasing number of refugees in the Southeast Asian region makes transit countries overwhelmed in dealing with this problem. On the other hand, as a refugee recipient country in the last ten years, Australia has had a strict policy in accepting refugees. Australia's approach to return refugee ships to a transit country is a controversial policy because Australia itself is a country that signed the 1951 convention on refugee status. On the other hand, the existence of refugees and asylum seekers has a significant impact on the local community's social changes, and the current refugee policy arrangement is still in the hands of UNHCR ( United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees) under the auspices of the United Nations. There has been no concrete communication to touch the root of the problem of refugees and asylum seekers. Through an enthusiastic approach and communication with community-based management between ASEAN countries and Australia, it is hoped that it can resolve human rights issues related to supervision to empower refugees in society to become citizens of a third country, in this case, Australia.
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Rathi, Naveen, Mu Pye, Kai Sin, Sarah Elizabeth Garza-Levitt, and Akiko Kamimura. "The use of complementary and alternative medicine and pain relievers among refugees resettled in the USA." International Journal of Migration, Health and Social Care 17, no. 4 (October 6, 2021): 500–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijmhsc-10-2020-0092.
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Purpose The purpose of this study is to describe the use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), pain reliever use and the expectations refugees have of physicians about their practice of CAM use in the USA. Individuals with a refugee background are one of the populations who use CAM for treatment. However, to date, there is insufficient empirical evidence to describe CAM use among refugees resettled in the USA. In addition, collecting information about the use of pain relievers would help better understand the experiences of individuals with a refugee background. Design/methodology/approach Data was collected from August 2018 to November 2019 using a self- or interviewer-administered survey from 94 refugees 18 years of age or older who had settled in the USA. Findings This study found the following: CAM practice is very common among refugees resettled in the USA, most refugees use non-prescription pain medicine and refugees prefer to see physicians who understand CAM. This study contributes valuable findings in the usage of CAM among refugees and determines that CAM is commonly used among refugees resettled in the USA for pain management. Originality/value By better understanding CAM, physicians can address a direct need for the refugee population-seeking health care in the USA and other countries that host refugee resettlement.
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Nursyazwani. "Mobile Refugee: Rohingya Refugees’ Practices of Imaginary Citizenship in Klang Valley, Malaysia." American Behavioral Scientist 64, no. 10 (August 8, 2020): 1444–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002764220947770.
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In this age of border securitization, mobility has largely been discussed as a privilege accorded to citizens. The assumption is that refugees or undocumented persons are usually denied such mobility. The management and surveillance of refugees through documentation processes by both the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees and the host country further obstruct their freedom. However, in Malaysia, urban and mobile Rohingya refugees disrupt the linkage between citizenship and mobilities. In fact, being conferred refugee status in Malaysia has made Rohingyas relatively more mobile than they had been previously in Myanmar or Bangladesh’s refugee camps. Drawing from fieldwork in Klang Valley from 2017 to 2019, I propose the concept of “mobile refugee” to rethink mobility and citizenship. I argue that Rohingya refugees practice “imaginary citizenship” as a form of political participation to claim their rights with the aid of the UN refugee card. This article highlights the need to reinterpret mobility by situating it in the dynamics of citizenship practices of refugees and their engagement with documents as they seek to imagine and invent their future aspirations of becoming political subjects.
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Talhouk, Reem, Chaza Akik, Vera Araujo-Soares, Balsam Ahmad, Sandra Mesmar, Patrick Olivier, Madeline Balaam, Kyle Montague, Andrew Garbett, and Hala Ghattas. "Integrating Health Technologies in Health Services for Syrian Refugees in Lebanon: Qualitative Study." Journal of Medical Internet Research 22, no. 7 (July 6, 2020): e14283. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/14283.
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Background Lebanon currently hosts around one million Syrian refugees. There has been an increasing interest in integrating eHealth and mHealth technologies into the provision of primary health care to refugees and Lebanese citizens. Objective We aimed to gain a deeper understanding of the potential for technology integration in primary health care provision in the context of the protracted Syrian refugee crisis in Lebanon. Methods A total of 17 face-to-face semistructured interviews were conducted with key informants (n=8) and health care providers (n=9) involved in the provision of health care to the Syrian refugee population in Lebanon. Interviews were audio recorded and directly translated and transcribed from Arabic to English. Thematic analysis was conducted. Results Study participants indicated that varying resources, primarily time and the availability of technologies at primary health care centers, were the main challenges for integrating technologies for the provision of health care services for refugees. This challenge is compounded by refugees being viewed by participants as a mobile population thus making primary health care centers less willing to invest in refugee health technologies. Lastly, participant views regarding the health and technology literacies of refugees varied and that was considered to be a challenge that needs to be addressed for the successful integration of refugee health technologies. Conclusions Our findings indicate that in the context of integrating technology into the provision of health care for refugees in a low or middle income country such as Lebanon, some barriers for technology integration related to the availability of resources are similar to those found elsewhere. However, we identified participant views of refugees’ health and technology literacies to be a challenge specific to the context of this refugee crisis. These challenges need to be addressed when considering refugee health technologies. This could be done by increasing the visibility of refugee capabilities and configuring refugee health technologies so that they may create spaces in which refugees are empowered within the health care system and can work toward debunking the views discovered in this study.
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Appleby, Kevin. "Strengthening the Global Refugee Protection System: Recommendations for the Global Compact on Refugees." Journal on Migration and Human Security 5, no. 4 (December 2017): 780–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/233150241700500404.
Full textAbstract:
On September 19, 2016, the United Nations (UN) General Assembly adopted the New York Declaration for Refugees and Migrants. This document launched a two-year process to develop a Global Compact on Responsibility Sharing on Refugees (“Global Compact on Refugees”) and a Global Compact for Safe, Orderly, and Regular Migration. With a record 65 million displaced persons in the world, the global community must come together to fashion a stronger protection regime for persons on the move. This paper outlines broad themes and specific recommendations that the Global Compact on Refugees should adopt on how to strengthen the global refugee protection system. The recommendations fall into several categories: (1) responsibility sharing for the protection of refugees; (2) filling in protection gaps; (3) balancing and replacing deterrence strategies with protection solutions; (4) refugee resettlement; and (5) building refugee self-sufficiency. Some of the key recommendations include: • the development of a responsibility-sharing formula to respond to large movements of refugees; • the development of an early warning system to identify and respond to nations in crisis; • the adoption of principles included in the Nansen and Migrants in Countries of Crisis initiatives; • the use of temporary protection measures to protect populations that flee natural disaster; • the adoption of model processes that ensure safe and voluntary return; • cooperation between destination and transit countries to expand refugee protections; • the provision of asylum and due process protections at borders; • the use of development assistance to ensure the self-sufficiency of refugees; • the adoption of a goal to resettle 10 percent of the global refugee population each year; • the establishment of a refugee matching system between refugees and resettlement countries; and • the adoption of coherent strategies, involving all sectors, to address large movements of refugees. This paper draws heavily, albeit not exclusively, from a series of papers published as a special collection in the Journal on Migration and Human Security1 on strengthening the global system of refugee protection.
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Sayedahmed, Dilek. "Centralized refugee matching mechanisms with hierarchical priority classes." Journal of Mechanism and Institution Design 7, no. 1 (December 3, 2022): 71–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.22574/jmid.2022.12.003.
Full textAbstract:
This study examines the refugee reallocation problem by modeling it as a two-sided matching problem between countries and refugees. Based on forced hierarchical priority classes, I study two interesting refugee matching algorithms to match refugees with countries. Axioms for fairness measures in resource allocation are presented by considering the stability and fairness properties of the matching algorithms. Two profiles are explicitly modeled---country preferences and forced prioritization of refugee families by host countries. This approach shows that the difference between the profiles creates blocking pairs of countries and refugee families owing to the forced hierarchical priority classes. Since the forced priorities for countries can cause certain refugees to linger in a lower priority class in every country, this study highlights the importance of considering refugees' preferences. It also suggests that a hierarchical priority class-based approach without category-specific quotas can increase countries' willingness to solve the refugee reallocation problem.