Relevant bibliographies by topics / Refugeesa

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Refugeesa'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 9 March 2023
Last updated: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Refugeesa"

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Khamala, Charles A. "‘When Rescuers become Refoulers: Closing Kenya’s Refugee Camps amid Terrorism Threats’ and leaving vulnerable groups out in the cold." Africa Nazarene University Law Journal 8, no. 1 (2020): 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.47348/anulj/v8/i1a1.

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Kenya’s counter-terrorism measures, following entry into Somalia, relocated refugees to designated camps. However, by violating a refugee’s freedom of movement, mass relocation contravenes the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights (ACHPR). Regional jurisprudence informed the Kenyan High Court’s Kituo cha Sheria v Attorney General decision holding that mass refugee relocation is indeed refoulement. It necessarily discriminates, punishes disproportionately, and may amount to a ‘failure to protect’ refugees against torture, a crime against humanity. However, the United Nations Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees (Refugees Convention) merely prohibits hosts from returning escapees to countries where they are targeted for persecution. Conversely, refugees who are either reasonably regarded as threatening national security or reasonably suspected of serious crimes are deemed to ‘waive’ their non-refoulement right. Nonetheless, the court’s legal moralism insisted that states should prove ‘waiver’ and never torture refugees. Invoking an ‘individual criminality’ principle required proof of a refugee’s dangerousness. Suspects can furthermore not be condemned unheard. Therefore, establishing whether ‘mass waiver’ is possible, is problematic. Are blanket relocation directives justifiable simply because proving ‘reasonable belief’ of refugees committing terror acts or serious crimes are difficult? Although Samow Mumin Mohamed v Cabinet Secretary, Ministry of Interior Security and Co-Ordination condoned mass refugee relocation Refugee Consortium of Kenya v Attorney did not. Curiously, to clarify the ambiguity Kenya National Commission on Human Rights v Attorney Genera elevated the required standard of proof for ‘waiver’ under the Refugees Convention to one of ‘beyond reasonable doubt.’ Previously, in Coalition for Reform and Democracy (CORD) v Republic of Kenya legislative caps on refugee numbers were rejected. Subsequently, a new Refugee Bill (2019) proposes to legalise confining refugees to designated camps. This article applies common-law principles of the duty on rescuers to evaluate whether mass refugee relocation refoules.
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Tuitt, Patricia. "Transitions: Refugees and Natives." International Journal on Minority and Group Rights 20, no. 2 (2013): 179–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718115-02002003.

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European Directive 2004/83 (the ‘Qualification Directive’) limits claims for asylum to those refugees coming from outside of the European Union. This provision institutionalises a long established practice in which member states of the European Union are presumed to be safe countries of origin and safe countries of asylum. This article argues that the European Union could not have come into being without producing refugees. With reference to the definition of refugee enshrined within Article 1.A (2) of the Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees1 and the jurisprudence surrounding one key qualifying element of the definition – persecution – the article seeks to explore how the international law governing the status of refugee has been deployed to deny that the European Union is a place of origin of refugees.
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Shahi, Neelam. "Livelihood Patterns of the Tibetan Refugees in Kathmandu." KMC Research Journal 2, no. 2 (December 31, 2018): 71–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kmcrj.v2i2.29951.

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This Study entitled as “Livelihood Pattern of the Tibetan Refugees in Nepal” (A Case Study of the Samdupling in Jawalakhel and Khampa Refugee Camp in Boudha- Jorpati) aims to discover the livelihood patterns of Tibetan refugees residing in the Samdupling camp in Jawalakhel and Khampa Refugee’s Camp in Boudha-Jorpati. The paper intends to examine the problems confronted by Tibetan refugees residing in the Samdupling camp and Khampa Refugee’s Camp. The study itself is conducted with the objectives of describing the present socio-economic status of Tibetan refugees dwelling in aforementioned camps located inside the Kathmandu valley and Lalitpur. This write-up not only deals with different livelihood aspects of Tibetan refugees but also compares the livelihood of two camps to list out the social, economic and political problems affecting their livelihood. However, this study is mainly based on the primary information and the data which were collected using the techniques of household survey and sampling survey, along with questionnaire and interview during the several field visits to camps. The paper concludes by stating that government intervention is required to resolve the issues affecting the livelihood of Tibetan refugees. Tibetan refugees’ problems required a political yet humanitarian resolution. The government needs to decide on whether to endow the citizenship or refugee card to the refugees who have been deprived of the both, or opt for the third-party settlement. For that Tibetans refugees also need to cooperate and coordinate with the refugees department under the Ministry of the Home Affair, Government of Nepal
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Bydoon, Maysa Said. "The Challenges of Refugees Protection." Journal of Arts and Humanities 6, no. 6 (June 15, 2017): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.18533/journal.v6i6.1206.

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<p>The current crises and civil war in many countries, increasingly challenge the rapid growth of influx of refugees. More recently, as a matter of fact, the asylum issue is one of the most important issues in the international community that shed lights on a violation of refugees’ rights and most importantly a safe area to live in. The article examines the refugee protection in light of the Convention relating to the Status of Refugees 1951 and Protocol relating to the Status of Refugees. It is true that such convention and its complementary protocol contribute in establishing the international law of refugee protection, however, its argues that the convention does not cover all people into danger in terms of refuges definition and principals of non refoulement.</p>
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Diah Triceseria, Anak Agung Istri, Nurul Azizah Zayda, and Rizka Fiani Prabaningtyas. "A New Approach to Refugee's Welfare through the Role of Community: Case Study of Refugee's Community Centre in Sewon." Global South Review 2, no. 1 (October 9, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/globalsouth.28847.

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The role of state actor in refugee protection is seriously limited by the “nationalism” nature of a nation-state. In particular, there has been a lack of attention from Indonesia as implied by non-ratifying choice taken by the government. The problem here with this approach is, refugee’s rights are viewed as entitlement from state and should conform with the state’s interest. Thus, there needs to be a new approach in pursuing a refugee protection regime. This paper shifts the focus from the role of state to the roles played by other actors. This paper gives a particular focus on Refugee Community Housing in Sewon, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. The Community Housing is an initiative from International Organization for Migration (IOM) which provides temporary settlement as well as living allowance for refugees. Our preliminary study found that the coordination among IOM, Jesuit Refugee Service (JRS)–an international NGO working to assist refugees, and Immigration Office of Yogyakarta—has to some extent demonstrated a better service and treatment to refugees than state’s philanthropy in general. Some limitations remains exist, but overall, community housing provides a foundation for a civil society-based refugee protection.
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Fletcher, Rajan. "Online Pathways, Digital Migrant workers: From Empowerment to Monitor Digital Footprints for Refugees." International Journal of Science and Society 3, no. 1 (March 5, 2021): 318–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.54783/ijsoc.v3i1.298.

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The text studies how digitality and refugee routes intersect by focussing on the concepts of »connected migrants and the digital footprints of refugee routes in transnational spaces. The smartphone is a key signifier of today’s refugee, and possession of one is questioned by government policies of legitimisation and public opinion perceptions of what constitutes a genuine refugee. These overlook the complex question of digital rights and migration’s embeddedness in the fluidity of the postmodern world. The text thus deals with the digital world’s ambivalence, which is not just a one-way relation of empowerment but entails the risk of complete control over a refugee’s body as well. We establish that an important shift has occurred in European policies, one most visible in the process of erasing the electronic traces of refugees on the move and the illegal return of refugees to the previous country on their way, the socalled pushbacks.
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Chrostowsky, MaryBeth. "The Role of Asylum Location on Refugee Adjustment Strategies: The Case of Sudanese in San Diego, California." Practicing Anthropology 32, no. 1 (December 25, 2009): 38–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/praa.32.1.a38177g14h015533.

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Upon resettlement in receiving countries, refugees face many challenges and experience enormous stress. Researchers agree that the greater the gap between the culture of a refugee's home country and that of the host country, the more stress refugees will experience. This disparity is especially true for Sudanese refugees resettling in the United States who moved from a rural setting within a so-called Third World country to an urban setting in an industrialized nation. The stress that results from these changes can both overwhelm and hinder a refugee's adjustment. The experiences of Sudanese women and men who resettled in San Diego, California are explored here to examine the role of the initial asylum environment as a potential influence on refugees' strategies as they confront the challenges of adjustment. The participants in this study averaged 5.4 years in either Cairo, Egypt or in Kakuma refugee camp in northern Kenya before coming to San Diego. Disparate asylum environments, including cultural norms, political ideologies, laws, employment opportunities, and educational resources found in these places created different changes in the daily gendered behavioral patterns of these Sudanese refugees after they arrived in the United States.
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Alencar, Amanda, and Julia Camargo. "Spatial Imaginaries of Digital Refugee Livelihoods." Journal of Humanitarian Affairs 4, no. 3 (March 2, 2023): 22–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.7227/jha.093.

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Discourses around the so-called digital economy are increasingly more present in contexts of forced displacement, with digital inclusion of refugees being framed by humanitarian agencies as a fundamental human right and an essential tool to promote access to income and skills development. While digital work can certainly bring about positive changes in forced migration settings, imaginaries around the role of the digital in refugees’ economic lives reflect a broader neoliberal project that envisions a retreat of the welfare state and that places on refugees the responsibility to integrate. This article draws on spatial imaginaries frameworks to advance the theoretical understanding of power differentials that are embodied in the use of technologies to promote refugee livelihoods. A combination of interviews, participant and non-participant observations was used to examine the perspectives of Venezuelan refugee women and humanitarian actors in the context of a digital work initiative in the city of Boa Vista, Brazil. The analysis reveals a mismatch between the imaginaries underpinning digital work opportunities and the expectations and plans of the refugee women themselves about the use of ICTs and engagement in digital forms of employability. Such disconnect can reinforce inequalities for refugee’s agency in the digital economy.
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Deramo, Michele C. "How KANERE Free Press Resists Biopower." Refuge: Canada's Journal on Refugees 32, no. 1 (May 6, 2016): 72–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.25071/1920-7336.40385.

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How does a free press resist state biopower? This article studies the development and dissemination of KANERE Free Press, a refugee-run news source operating in the Kakuma Refugee Camp, that was founded to create “a more open society in refugee camps and to develop a platform for fair public debate on refugee affairs” (KANERE Vision Statement). The analysis of KANERE and its impact on the political subjectivity of refugees living in Kakuma is framed by Foucault’s theory of biopower, the state-sanctioned right to “make live or let die” in its management of human populations. The author demonstrates the force relations between KANERE, its host country of Kenya, and the UNHCR through two ongoing stories covered by KANERE: the broad rejection of the MixMe nutritional supplement and the expressed disdain for the camp’s World Refugees Day celebration. Using ethnographic and decolonizing methodologies, the author privileges the voices and perspectives of the KANERE editors and the Kakuma residents they interviewed in order to provide a ground-level view of refugee’s lived experiences in Kakuma. As KANERE records refugees’ experiences of life in the camp, they construct a narrative community that is simultaneously produced by and resistant to the regulations and control of camp administration and state sovereignty. In doing so, KANERE creates a transgressive space that reaches beyond the confines of the camp.
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Kadarudin, Kadarudin. "PORTRAITS IN INDONESIA: INTERNATIONAL REFUGEES FACE UNCERTAIN FUTURE (A STUDY OF INTERNATIONAL REFUGEE LAW)." Veritas et Justitia 4, no. 1 (June 28, 2018): 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.25123/vej.2920.

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This paper discusses the issue of refugees from an international law perspective. It is known that Indonesia is not a party to either the 151 Refugee Convention as well as the 1967 Protocol, but mostly as transit country house a number of refugees running away from conflict areas in Myanmar, the Middle East and Afghanistan. This legal research employs a juridical normative method. By tracking down and analyzing all relevant legal sources it is revealed that Indonesia’s treatment of refuges is based on the general obligation to protect and honor human rights (on the basis of international minimum standard). It is further recommended that Indonesia should actively support the global compact on refugees.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Refugeesa"

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Davidson, Alyssa Carol. "Refugees and Media Framing During the Refugee Crisis." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2019. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/7365.

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At the end of 2018, more than 68.5 million people were displaced from their homes. Of these displaced persons, 22.5 million of these people were forced to leave their homes and find safety in another country. These people are known globally as refugees. Many of these refugees in recent years have fled to Western countries in Europe and North America. This immigration and the general subject of refugees and their integration into their host countries have recently been a large subject for media. Many of these refugees came from countries and cultures that may carry stigmatic backgrounds including Middle Eastern and African countries. For decades, media portrayals in entertainment, social, media, and news media have shown people from these countries in certain ways that may conflict with truthful characteristics of people from these cultures. The purpose of this study is to help better understand how refugees<'> personal assimilation experiences compare to information distributed by the media. Through researching existing studies of media portrayals of refugees and Muslims through the lens of framing theory readers can better understand what information is distributed in Western cultures about refugees. Then, through conducting in-depth interviews with refugees hosted in Europe and the United States, seeking understanding of refugees<'> personal stories, life experiences, and their perceptions of media representations of people of their same refugee status, readers may additionally better understand any differences in the portrayal of refugees and the experiences had by refugees themselves. Using grounded theory, poignant themes emerged from the interviews to explain how interviewed refugees<'> lives are similar or differ and are affected by Western media portrayals. Emergent themes indicated that primarily polarized news accounts may interfere with refugee acculturation by making social and cultural connections difficult, discrepancies in qualifications, and issues with misunderstanding refugees<'> lack of mobility. Additionally, refugee sentiments about refugee media portrayals and acculturation were evaluated to better understand how the media affects their assimilation processes.
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Clarin, Malin. "Climate refugees, refugees or under own protection? : A comparative study between climate refugees and refugees embraced by the United Nations Refugee Convention." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för samhälls- och livsvetenskaper, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-7685.

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Global warming is a current topic on the international agenda. The rise of temperature in the atmosphere threatens populations living on island, deltas and coastal areas, and people living nearby the Arctic and areas covered by permafrost are threatened. In turn this leads to the people in these areas being projected to be homeless or displaced due to climate change and the rising numbers of natural disasters. Those people are what you can label as climate refugees. According to IOM and Brown (2001) climate refugees are persons who for compelling reasons of change in the environment which change their living conditions have to escape their homes, either within their country or abroad.The United Nations Refugee Convention is the binding legislation followed by 147 (in 2008) of the UN member states. Either the UN Refugee Convention or any other international law recognizes climate refugees, and those people are due to that not granted any legal status. Who will protect these people when they have to escape their homes? This paper aims to explore what distinguish climate refugees from the refugees embraced by the UN Refugee Convention by a comparative literature review, for in this way be able to recognize the assumptions that make the United Nations to not classify climate refugees with refugee status. Both groups of refugees has in common that they live under the pressured decision they have to make as they flee their native homes to ensure their own and their families survival according to Grove (2006).In the long run both climate refugees and the UN Refugee Convention embraced refugees face the same traumatic experiences escaping their homes and have due to that the similar right to get the same mental help and be protected under international law. But populations facing the effects of global warming do not want to leave their land and believe it is an issue of human rights.
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Hortsing, Zosia Mira. "Roma refugees : international refugee protection and Europe's 'internal outsiders'." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28121.

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The paper is concerned with the position of Roma refugees within the international refugee protection system, and how they face exclusion from asylum in an international context in which migration is represented as a threat to state sovereignty. Specifically, the paper argues that, because of their status both as Roma and as refugees, Roma refugees are represented and treated by states as a double threat to the territorial state order. As a result, they are subject to a unique logic of double exclusion that limits their ability to seek and obtain refugee protection after fleeing persecution in their home states. This exclusion operates at three distinct levels in the international system: within the European Union (EU), harmonized asylum policy among member states prevents Roma refugees from Europe from accessing refugee protection in other EU countries; in non‐European destination countries, states use interdiction measures to prevent refugees from arriving on state territory; and in the refugee determination process itself, some decisionmakers use stereotyping, racial profiling and problematic assessments of ethnicity to unnecessarily reject certain Roma claims. These three levels of exclusion operate simultaneously to limit Roma refugees’ chances of being granted refugee protection under the current system. Furthermore, these mechanisms of exclusion are often framed by a discourse that de-legitimizes Roma refugee claims and portrays these refugees as ‘bogus’ claimants or ‘illegal migrants’ out to take advantage of liberal refugee policy, rather than people potentially fleeing persecution and seeking surrogate protection under international law.
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Buyer, Meritt. "Beyond the refugee label : identity and agency among Somali refugees." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/7790.

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Includes abstract.|Includes bibliographical references (leaves 99-103).
As the world refugee population continues to rise, so the debate over how to best assist those who have been displaced intensifies. Humanitarian practices often have a disempowering effect on individuals instead of helping them to become self-sufficient. This problem is compounded by the gap between the realities on the ground and the overarching policies of both governments and organizations. In South Africa, the plethora of social issues, the lack of long-term solutions for refugee resettlement and the unsuccessful implementation of national policies relating to refugees contribute to the xenophobia that has become prevalent across the country. When the xenophobic sentiment turns violent, the Somali community has been targeted in the most extreme ways. Using the oral history methodology, this study draws on 17 life story interviews with Somali refugees residing in the Cape Town area. The interviews focus on the refugees' experience with humanitarian organizations and the government policy of their host country. By exploring their memories of Somalia and their relationship to their homeland, as well as their experiences in exile, it becomes evident that the Somalis' personal histories impact on how they negotiate the different forms of assistance that are available, or the lack thereof. Those who have had little control over their own lies in the past continue to have greater difficulty reaching their financial and educational goals, integrating onto South African society, and accessing the rights granted to them by law. Those who historically had some amount of agency continue to do so, despite the disempowering effects of mass assistance programs. In order for governments and organizations to be successful in their mission to assist and resettle refugees, they must have a more complete understanding of the history and cultural norms of assistance of the communities with whom they are working, as well as the realities of the current circumstances. The oral history method, with its ability to account for personal subjectivity, narrative authority, and historical agency, allows for in-depth exploration into the impact of policies created by the external bodies of international aid organizations, national governments, and local organizations at the grassroots level.
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Ondja'a, Bertin. "Refugee Resettlement Program in Hamilton County: Housing Needs for Refugees." Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc_num=ucin1243365744.

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Thesis (Master of Community Planning)--University of Cincinnati, 2009.
[Advisor: Johanna W. Looye]. Title from electronic thesis title page (viewed Oct. 20, 2009). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references.
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BIFFI, DAVIDE. "Autoetnografia dei servizi per richiedenti asilo e rifugiati: 2011/2020." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/325507.

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In questa ricerca descrivo quel che dal mio particolare posizionamento ho colto del mio lavoro di operatore sociale con rifugiati e richiedenti asilo in un lungo arco temporale di quasi dieci anni, attraversando campi e situazioni differenti. Attraverso la scrittura autoetnografica ho descritto le vicende che ho osservato e vissuto all’interno dei servizi per richiedenti asilo e rifugiati, con particolare attenzione all’analisi delle difficoltà della presa in carico dei bisogni dei soggetti e ai processi di produzione della marginalità L’obiettivo di questa ricerca è stato quello di spiegare cosa significasse lavorare in un ambito professionale come quello dei servizi per richiedenti asilo e rifugiati e quali fossero le dinamiche che si potevano osservare nei campi di ricerca e lavoro attraverso gli strumenti propri della disciplina antropologica, assumendo la sovrapposizione della figura di ricercatore-operatore. I dati che ho raccolto derivano dal mio posizionamento nel campo, caratterizzato da una prospettiva fortemente coinvolta: l’oggettività è una chimera per chi fa antropologia, ancora di più in un’autoetnografia. Ho cercato di mostrare come si traduca nella realtà e quali conseguenze abbia diventare o non riuscire a diventare richiedenti asilo: la richiesta di asilo è un’esperienza fortemente materiale e non soltanto un processo giuridico, oltre che simbolico. È necessario sottolineare ed analizzare la processualità dei percorsi che vivono i migranti, che si accompagna alla casualità con cui ogni singolo possa arrivare a vivere queste stesse situazioni, che imprimono una traiettoria unica ed irripetibile alle singole biografie delle persone incontrate durante il campo.
In this research I describe what I took from my particular position about my work as a social worker with refugees and asylum seekers over a long period of almost ten years, crossing different fields and situations. Through auto-ethnographic writing, I described the events that I observed and experienced within the services for asylum seekers and refugees, with particular attention to the analysis of the difficulties of taking charge of the needs of the subjects and the production processes of marginality The aim of this research was to explain what it meant to work in a professional field such as that of services for asylum seekers and refugees and what were the dynamics that could be observed in the fields of research and work through the tools of the anthropological discipline, assuming the overlap of the figure of researcher-operator. The data I collected derive from my positioning in the field, characterized by a strongly involved perspective: objectivity is a illusion for anthropologists, even more so in an auto-ethnography. I tried to show how it translates into reality and what consequences it has to become or fail to become asylum seekers: the asylum request is a material experience and not just a legal process, as well as a symbolic one. It is necessary to underline and analyze the processuality of the paths that migrants experience, which is accompanied by the randomness with which each individual can come to live these same situations, which imprint a unique and unrepeatable trajectory on the individual biographies of the people met during the camp.
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Oberoi, Pia A. "Refugees on the Indian subcontinent : the construction of state refugee policy." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.420436.

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Ramadan, Adam. "Violent Geographies of Exile : Palestinian refugees and refugee camps in Lebanon." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.517330.

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Celik, Elcin. "Bosnian Refugees in Bowling Green, Kentucky: Refugee Resettlement and Community Based Research." TopSCHOLAR®, 2012. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1190.

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To understand the reasons for the increase in recent years of the Bosnian population in Bowling Green, Kentucky and their adaptation problems as refugees in their host country, this study focused upon the Bosnian community in Bowling Green and addressed what the role of their challenges is in the shaping of refugees’ new life in their host country. Extensive literature review helped to emerge that for an understanding of the situation of the refugees, their interaction in the host country is more meaningful topic for research. This study employed qualitative research methods, drawing from existing empirical studies addressing resettlement in the context of the informants’ wartime experiences. Initially, the researcher approached patrons at Bosnian restaurants and worshipers at local mosques to find Bosnian people. Snowball sampling used to identify Bosnian refugees living in the Bowling Green community. Twenty-five in-depth interviews were conducted for needs assessment and issue identification. The interviews were transcribed and analyzed in an attempt to understand the difficulties of adaptation among Bosnian refugees living in Bowling Green. A qualitative case study approach was chosen because it was the most effective way to gain knowledge of refugees’ experiences and perceptions in the context of the societies in which they resettled. Findings revealed that interviewed group struggled with mostly language and employment challenges to integration. Social support was provided through organizations that included Americans aided integration and the families resettled before as they provided significant support is directing resettlement. Banki’s (2004) and Jacobsen’s (2001) indicators of refugee integration were used to in order to determine to the extent to which this sample of Bosnian refugees are integrated into their host county.
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Loulopoulou, Angela Ioanna. "Positive psychology and the refugee experience : shifting perceptions and attitudes towards refugees." Thesis, University of Essex, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.528855.

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Books on the topic "Refugeesa"

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Fadnavis, Snehal. Women refugess [i.e. refugees] in India: Problems & perspectives. Nagpur: Dattsons, 2007.

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Fadnavis, Snehal. Women refugess [i.e. refugees] in India: Problems & perspectives. Nagpur: Dattsons, 2007.

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Women refugess [i.e. refugees] in India: Problems & perspectives. Nagpur: Dattsons, 2007.

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Kibreab, Gaim. African refugees: Reflections on the African refugee problem. Trenton, N.J: Africa World Press, 1985.

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African refugees: Reflections on the African refugee problem. Trenton, N.J: Africa World Press, 1985.

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(India), Antar-Rashtriya Sahayog Parishad, ed. Refugee dilemma: Sri Lankan refugees in Tamil Nadu. New Delhi, India: Prabhat Prakashan, 2019.

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Reuter, Lutz-Rainer. Aliens, refugees, migrants: How to define a refugee? Hamburg: Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg, 1992.

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Nanmin, nanminhwa toenŭn sam: Refugees, being subject to refugeeism. Sŏul: Kalmuri, 2020.

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Project, Documentary. Refuge/Refugee. Edited by Abendroth Emily, Emmons Amze, Finoki Bryan, Osman Jena, and Documentary Project for Refugee Youth. Oakland [Calif.]: ChainLinks, 2008.

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Rahman, Khalid, and Fakiha Mahmood. International refugee law, Islamic Shariah and Afghan Refugees in Pakistan. Islamabad: Institute of Policy Studies, 2013.

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Book chapters on the topic "Refugeesa"

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Van Hear, Nicholas. "Refugee Diasporas or Refugees in Diaspora." In Encyclopedia of Diasporas, 580–89. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-29904-4_60.

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Shahnavaz, Shadi. "Working with Refugees and Refugee Families." In Working Systemically with Refugee Couples and Families, 105–11. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003310716-8.

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Crépin, Mathilde. "The notion of persecution, historical background and interpretive challenges in the 21st century." In Persecution, International Refugee Law and Refugees, 10–34. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2020. |: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003018728-1.

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Crépin, Mathilde. "Introduction." In Persecution, International Refugee Law and Refugees, 1–9. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2020. |: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003018728-101.

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Crépin, Mathilde. "Conclusion." In Persecution, International Refugee Law and Refugees, 140–43. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2020. |: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003018728-102.

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Crépin, Mathilde. "Developing an interpretive framework for interpreting the notion of persecution: an assessment of the basic human rights interpretive model." In Persecution, International Refugee Law and Refugees, 35–66. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2020. |: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003018728-2.

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Crépin, Mathilde. "Alternative proposals to the basic human rights approach for interpreting the notion of persecution." In Persecution, International Refugee Law and Refugees, 67–103. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2020. |: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003018728-3.

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Crépin, Mathilde. "Interpreting persecution in the context of harm faced by refugee women." In Persecution, International Refugee Law and Refugees, 104–39. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2020. |: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003018728-4.

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Moyo, Khangelani, and Christine Botha. "Refugee Policy as Infrastructure: The Gulf Between Policy Intent and Implementation for Refugees and Asylum Seekers in South Africa." In IMISCOE Research Series, 77–89. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92114-9_6.

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AbstractThis chapter engages the policy practices of the South African state in handling refugees and asylum seekers. The primary focus is on the articulation of migration policy concerning refugees and asylum seekers into physical infrastructure and the lived experiences of refugees in the urban context of Johannesburg. The research considers the decisionmaking timeline involved in developing the policy landscape and resulting migration infrastructure (or lack thereof) for refugees and asylum seekers. We explore policy as hard and soft infrastructure and note that, the refugee and asylum seeker policies in South Africa have at times been shaped to align to migration patterns retrospectively but in recent years - have taken a more restrictive position towards mobility more generally. In engaging these issues, the research draws on the existing literature and insights from key informant interviews with representatives of refugee protection NGOs, the City of Johannesburg migration unit and academic researchers.
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Krause, Virginia. "Refugees and Forced Migration: An Engaged Humanities Course in French and Francophone Studies." In Migration, Displacement, and Higher Education, 61–71. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-12350-4_5.

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AbstractThis chapter recounts the development of a community-engaged course on refugees and displacement with a broad Humanities orientation offered in the Department of French and Francophone Studies at Brown University. It relates the overall structure of the course as well as the forging of a partnership with Women’s Refugee Care, an NGO supporting refugees from Central Africa living in Providence. Finally, the chapter explores the connections between the literary and theoretical texts on the course syllabus and the projects that students undertook in collaboration with the Women’s Refugee Care community.
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Conference papers on the topic "Refugeesa"

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"Prevalence of Anxiety, Depression and Trauma in Baqa’a Refugee Camp." In International Conference on Public Health and Humanitarian Action. International Federation of Medical Students' Associations - Jordan, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56950/gdcu6488.

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Aim: The general aim of this study is to screen for the prevalence of mental disorders(PTSD, anxiety and depression) amongst refugees residing in Baqaa refugee camp. Design: cross sectional quantitative study using close-ended surveys Methods: Data were collected from 124 refugees collected at baqaa refugee camp. The participants were recruited based on convenience sampling. The questionnaire included the GAD-7, PHQ-9, and part IV of the HTQ questionnaires used to screen for anxiety, depression, and symptoms of PTSD respectively. Each one of these questionnaires has its own valid and reliable scoring system that will assess how severe these mental illnesses are in the participants. For all three questionnaires, a valid Arabic translation was used, as most of the participants are fluent only in Arabic. Results: The results of this study indicated that a large portion of refugees showed signs that are indicative of suffering from mental disorders Conclusion: Our data indicate a challenging and persisting disease burden in refugees due to anxiety, depression and PTSD. Knowing this is relevant for the development of public health policies of host countries. Scalable interventions, tailored for refugees, should become more readily available. This study delved into the presence of anxiety, post-traumatic stress and depression amongst Palestinian refugees and determined that health screenings should be performed. Summary Statement What is already known about this topic? • Previous studies indicated that the quality of life in baqaa refugee camps was significantly worse than other areas in the country. • This study is one of the first one of its kind in Jordan to specifically focus on baqaa refugee camp and screen for anxiety, depression and PTSD What this paper adds? • Improving the awareness of people responsible for refugee camps about the devastating effects of mental health on the quality of life of refugees • It helps understand the population there, what kind of mental issues they are facing, which ones are most common so that governing authorities can know how to help them more efficiently. • Encourages talks about mental health and normalize seeking help especially in a group of people where mental health problems are really concentrated such as refugee camps The implications of this paper: • The researchers strongly recommend more detailed and thorough screening as well as providing refugees with options to seek therapy. Key words: Anxiety, depression, Post-traumatic stress disorder, Refugees, Mental disorders
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SLIME, Soulef. "TYPES OF RIGHTS FOR REFUGEES." In International Research Congress of Contemporary Studies in Social Sciences (Rimar Congress 2). Rimar Academy, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/rimarcongress2-5.

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International protection of refugees is one of the most important issues both at the domestic level of States and at the international level. Refugee protection is a human rights issue, but it is unique to refugee because of their status in the asylum State. As a result, many of the rights enjoyed by the latter within the framework of the so-called international protection of refugee, as enshrined in the 1951 United Nation Convention on refugees, as well as human rights charters, have been recognized.
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Prandner, Dimitri, and Robert Moosbrugger. "Higher Education and Solidarity? The Integration of Refugee Students at Austrian Universities." In Sixth International Conference on Higher Education Advances. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica de València, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/head20.2020.11117.

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The refugee streams of 2015 had a tremendous impact on European societies. In context of the influx of refugees, civil society showed large solidarity. Universities did so as well, organizing programs to accommodate asylum seekers and refugees on campus. As solidarity is necessary for social relationships and coordinating life chances in a just way, the effectiveness of such programs can only be understood, taking insights from refugee students’ experiences into account. In this article the case example of the Austrian MORE Initiative is used to tackle the question what kind of bonds refugee students see between themselves, the universities and the goal to become part of the new (host) society. Results show that refugee students are in danger of not being recognized, either because of their legal status or lack of opportunities and migrant sceptic surroundings. Programs like MORE – and universities in general – may contribute to lessen these effects.
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Neis, Hajo, Briana Meier, and Tomo Furukawazono. "Arrival Cities: Refugees in Three German Cities." In 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.6318.

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Since 2015, the authors have studied the refugee crisis in Europe and the Middle East. The intent of theproject is to not only study the refugee crisis in various spatial and architectural settings and aspectsbut also actively try to help refugees with their problems that they experience in the events fromstarting an escape and to settling in a given host country, city town or neighborhood.In this paper, the authors present three case studies in three different cities in Germany. Refugees areeverywhere in Germany, even in smaller towns and villages. The case study cities are at differentscales with Borken (15,000 people), Kassel, a mid-size city (200,000), and Essen a larger city(600,000) as part of the still larger Ruhr Area Megacity. In these cities we try to understand the life ofrefugees from their original escape country/city to their arrival in their new cities and new countries.Our work focuses on the social-spatial aspects of refugee experiences, and their impact on urbanmorphology and building typology.We also try to understand how refugees manage their new life in partial safety of place, shelter foodand financial support but also in uncertainty and insecurity until officially accepted as refugees.Beyond crisis we are looking at how refugees can and want to integrate into their host countries, citiesand neighborhoods and start a new life. Social activities and physical projects including urbanarchitecture projects for housing and work, that help the process of integration, are part of thispresentation.
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Hamidi, Mashitah. "Uplifting Refugee’s Capacity Through Refugees-Based NGO in Malaysia." In International Joint Conference on Arts and Humanities (IJCAH 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.201201.177.

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Kowarsch, Dandan, and Jingyu Wang. "The Impact of Refugees on Economic Growth in Latin America and the Caribbean." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002294.

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The aim of this article is to explore the relationship between refugees and the host country’s economic growth in Latin America and the Caribbean using a simulation modeling approach. There is a large body of work on the topic using statistics. However, one big challenge of conducting econometrics methods to unveil any correlation is that regressions are data dependent. Since the current available refugee data doesn’t truly represent the reality as there has been a quite substantial number of unregistered Venezuelan refugees in Latin America and Caribbean region since 2015. Using agent-based simulation modeling approach overcomes the challenges of data issue and passes by strict assumptions for an OLS regression to produce BLUE outcomes. In our ABM model, agents represent labors, defined as age between 16 and 65, and Venezuelan refugees. To evaluate the impact on gender inequality on employment in the host country, despite of age, agents also carry the attributes of gender, work capability, average education years, birth (matured female only), and death. Three countries Venezuela, Colombia, and Chile are modeled as patches in Netlogo . Countries own the attributes of GDP and GDP per capita at macro level. The simulated result based on the initial values suggests that in Latin America and the Caribbean, refugee growth and host country’s economy are positively correlated. In contrast, the simulated results suggest that the higher fertility rate negatively affects the labor value added outcomes. It could imply the more female refugees in the host country, the lower GDP will be. We also found that the life expectancy is correlated to economic growth, labor’s work capacity, and education years. Life expectancy could be an indicator of the overall quality of human capital. In brief, the findings might imply labor value added output or labor capacity is the driver of economic growth.
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Constantin, Mihai. "Management of the "Syrian Refugee Crisis" - Repercussions on European Security. Impact/Measures Analysis." In International Conference Innovative Business Management & Global Entrepreneurship. LUMEN Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/lumproc/ibmage2020/17.

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The Syrian crisis is the most complex crisis (political, social, humanitarian, security) in the world, since World War II. In regards to the 1951 „Geneva Convention on the Status of Refugees”, states have an obligation to provide refugees with a form of primary protection, which is not intended to replace asylum, but rather to provide an intermediate and immediate protection measure. At European level, for asylum seekers and refugees, there are several programs (developed by international institutions such as "UN for refugees" and "UNHCR") for integration into the host country during the temporary stay and return to the country of origin, when there are safety conditions. If this solution is not viable, they can opt for relocation to a third country. Effective management of the crisis created by the refugees flow requires the adoption of a common political agenda for European states to eliminate inequalities between states and focus on building viable economic strategies. Therefore, it is necessary to develop policies or strategies designed to provide refugees with a sense of security in the host country and their social assimilation, without being forced to give up their cultural identities. This article aims to analyse the strategies of the European states involved in this phenomenon, applied in the "Syrian refugee crisis". At the moment, the biggest part of the effort of counter-terrorism is focused on the criminal justice system. This means focusing almost exclusively on those who already intend to commit a crime and not on prevention. The legal repercussions can further encourage radicalization, which can degenerate later.
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Al Eassa, Lina. "THE DILEMMA OF RESILIENCE, AS A SECURITY STRATEGY, FOR THE DONORS AND THE HOSTS IN RESPONSE FOR THE SYRIAN CRISIS׃ IN THE CASE OF THE EURPOEAN UNION AND JORDAN." In NORDSCI Conference Proceedings. Saima Consult Ltd, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32008/nordsci2021/b2/v4/28.

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Since 2015, both the donors (the European Union) and the hosts (Jordan) of the Syrian refugees have started to adopt resilience as a better security strategy. When dealing with crises, particularly those linked to prolonged wars with no foreseeable solutions in the near future, resilience has become a means and a goal. Yet, it may represent a dilemma for the EU and Jordan. Scholars like Giulia Sinatti and Rosanne Anholt argue that the EU, with its focus on resilience of the origin and transit countries of migrants and refugees, could jeopardize the stability of refugee-hosting states. These already burdened states with its own problems cannot handle more refugees. In addition, the refugees are facing many difficulties to find jobs and they are struggling to find their way to Europe. As a result, resilience may seem threatening rather than safeguarding the security of Europe. Thus, the paper’s main question is How are the donors and the hosts trying to resolve the dilemma of resilience, as a security strategy, in response for the Syrian crisis in the case of the EU and Jordan? Based on document analysis for the EU and Jordan׳s documents including their official bilateral and multilateral agreements, reports from their official websites and textual analysis of the current literature on building resilience, this paper argues that resilience may appear as a dilemma, however, the EU and Jordan are trying to resolve it by adopting resilience as a pragmatic approach, focusing on its bright side, and tackling the challenges, which appear as a result of adopting it. The EU׳s resilience building in Jordan aims to enhance the capacities of the refugees and the local communities and keep a balance between them. What's more, it aims to support those refugees’ self-reliance and Jordan׳s social cohesion. Thus, to keep the refugees in place and prevent them from flooding into Europe.
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Moser, Elisabeth, Selina Meyer, Maximilian Schmidhuber, Daniel Ketterer, and Matthias Eberhardt. "Argo: Towards Small Vessel Detection for Humanitarian Purposes." In Thirty-First International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-22}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2022/728.

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Refugees trying to get to Europe via the Mediterranean often face human rights violations. The present situation is not in line with the UN's SDG's 10 and 16. We present Argo: a semi-automatically created vessel classification dataset focused on small boats, with the aim to enable NGOs and the public to detect refugee boats in satellite imagery. We achieve a classification recall of 91% on small ships. With a tool developed on top of the results presented here, NGOs could collect information and hold institutions participating in illegal activities accountable.
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Puspoayu, Elisabeth Septin, Hezron Sabar Rotua Tinambunan, and Nurul Hikmah. "European Union Policy on Refugees According to the International Refugee Law." In 3rd International Conference on Social Sciences (ICSS 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.201014.073.

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Reports on the topic "Refugeesa"

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on Forced Displacement, Joint Data Center. REFUGEE EMERGENCIES AND ATTITUDES TOWARDS REFUGEES: SOME INSIGHTS FROM THE ACADEMIC LITERATURE. Joint Data Center on Forced Displacement (JDC), April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.47053/jdc.290422.

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The conflict in Ukraine has generated a large inflow of refugees into European countries, with more than five million people having fled to neighboring countries. So far, the public response has been generally positive, with large shares of the European population being in favor of the policies implemented to host and support the Ukrainian refugees. In this note we look at the academic literature with the aim to: a) discuss which socioeconomic characteristics of the refugees are typically associated with positive or negative attitudes towards them; and, b) reflect on which policy measures can promote more inclusive and tolerant preferences. The evidence from the literature suggests that negative attitudes towards refugees can be widespread, but less so for those groups that are perceived to be in need of humanitarian help, are culturally closer to host communities, and more likely to contribute to the economies of the host country. Three policy measures to sustain a welcoming climate towards refugees emerge from the relevant literature: facilitate the interactions between host communities and those forcibly displaced; integrate the refugees into the society, including in the labor market; and provide simple, factual information about the refugees and their socioeconomic background.
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Gidron, Yotam, Freddie Carver, and Elizabeth Deng. More Local is Possible: Recommendations for enhancing local humanitarian leadership and refugee participation in the Gambella refugee response. Oxfam, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2021.8267.

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The Gambella region of western Ethiopia hosts over 300,000 South Sudanese refugees in seven camps. The refugee response is dominated by UN agencies and international NGOs and staffed mostly by Ethiopians from outside of Gambella, creating a gap between humanitarian actors and the people they seek to assist. In order to realize commitments to localization and refugee participation made in the Charter for Change, the Grand Bargain and the Global Compact for Refugees, it is critical for refugees and local populations to be more involved in shaping and leading the delivery of aid. This could be achieved through increasing the role played by Gambella-based NGOs, engaging with faith-based actors, facilitating diaspora initiatives and supporting the development of refugee-led organizations.
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Tumen, Semih, and Joint Data Center on Forced Displacement. The impact of forced displacement on housing and urban settlement in host communities. Joint Data Center on Forced Displacement (JDC), September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.47053/jdc.300922.

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Findings in the literature suggest that the sudden and often massive nature of refugee inflows, combined with the fact that housing supply is mostly unresponsive in the short-term, has the potential to affect housing prices and generate substantial changes in housing preferences, neighborhood quality/amenities, mobility patterns of hosts, and attitudes toward refugees in receiving areas. The interaction between the location preferences of refugees and the actions taken by hosts in response to refugee inflows may lead to residential segregation, urban poverty, high economic inequality, and unsustainable cities in the long-term. Policy lessons suggest options like transforming camps (that may have become socioeconomically attractive locations) into sustainable settlements, utilizing voucher programs, and incentivizing government-financed housing solutions for refugees.
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Megersa, Kelbesa. Financial Inclusion in a Refugee Response. Institute of Development Studies, August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.122.

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The growing scope, frequency, and complexity of forced displacement, both inside and outside of countries, has pushed donors and other development groups to rethink their approaches to humanitarian crises, particularly on refugee response. Financial inclusion is widely regarded as a particularly critical tool that development organisations can employ to mitigate the catastrophic impact of humanitarian crises on refugees. Financial inclusion would provide a wide range of financial products – such as savings, remittances, loans, and insurance – to both refugees and citizens of host countries, which are critical for disadvantaged populations seeking to mitigate shocks, acquire assets, and support local economic development. Changes in how humanitarian aid is distributed are opening the path for greater financial inclusion. Donors and humanitarian organisations are shifting away from emergency cash transfers and toward digital payments via electronic cards. This opens new opportunities to connect refugees and displaced people to a bigger pool of financial services. This rapid literature review summarises the available evidence on toolkits that assist the response by humanitarian and development agencies to financial inclusion of refugees. In addition to the documents defined explicitly as “toolkits”, it also includes reports and online articles which contain useful guidance, since there were few “toolkits” available. Generally, there is lack of resources that directly address the query, i.e., “financial inclusion” in a “refugee response” context. Although there is a growing literature and evidence on the financial inclusion theme, much of it does not directly relate to refugees. Furthermore, most guidance notes and toolkits prepared for refugee response by humanitarian/development agencies do not directly and explicitly deal with financial inclusion, but rather focus on operational and programming issues of wider relief responses. The review is presented as an annotated bibliography format and includes toolkits, guidance notes, technical reports, and online articles by humanitarian and international development agencies.
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Day, St John, Tim Forster, and Ryan Schweitzer. Water Supply in Protracted Humanitarian Crises: Reflections on the sustainability of service delivery models. Oxfam, UNHCR, September 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2020.6362.

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UNHCR estimates that the average time spent by a refugee in a camp is 10 years, while the average refugee camp remains for 26 years. WASH (water, sanitation and hygiene) is a crucial component of humanitarian response and longer-term recovery. Humanitarian agencies and host governments face many challenges in protracted situations and complex long-term humanitarian crises. One key issue is how water supplies should be managed in the long term. Who is best placed to operate and manage WASH services and which delivery model is the most viable? At the end of 2019, there were 15.7 million refugees in protracted situations, representing 77% of all refugees. This report takes stock of the various alternative service delivery models, to enable humanitarian and development agencies to work together to smooth the transition from emergency relief to sustainable services.
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Patchett, Hannah. Za'atari Refugee Camp, 10 Years On: Stalled ambitions and lost hope, but durable solutions are possible. Oxfam, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2022.9356.

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Ten years since Za'atari refugee camp was established in Jordan's northern desert, it has evolved into the world's biggest Syrian refugee camp. The camp was set up as an emergency shelter; 10 years on, residents struggle to see a way out. This briefing note presents the perspectives of Syrian refugees on 10 years of life in Za'atari camp, their needs and their hopes, and it explores the impact of a series of external economic shocks on a community that has exhausted all safety nets. Finally, it offers recommendations to mitigate immediate vulnerabilities and facilitate durable solutions.
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Böhm, Franziska, Ingrid Jerve Ramsøy, and Brigitte Suter. Norms and Values in Refugee Resettlement: A Literature Review of Resettlement to the EU. Malmö University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24834/isbn.9789178771776.

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As a result of the refugee reception crisis in 2015 the advocacy for increasing resettlement numbers in the overall refugee protection framework has gained momentum, as has research on resettlement to the EU. While the UNHCR purports resettlement as a durable solution for the international protection of refugees, resettlement programmes to the European Union are seen as a pillar of the external dimension of the EU’s asylum and migration policies and management. This paper presents and discusses the literature regarding the value transmissions taking place within these programmes. It reviews literature on the European resettlement process – ranging from the selection of refugees to be resettled, the information and training they receive prior to travelling to their new country of residence, their reception upon arrival, their placement and dispersal in the receiving state, as well as programs of private and community sponsorship. The literature shows that even if resettlement can be considered an external dimension of European migration policy, this process does not end at the border. Rather, resettlement entails particular forms of reception, placement and dispersal as well as integration practices that refugees are confronted with once they arrive in their resettlement country. These practices should thus be understood in the context of the resettlement regime as a whole. In this paper we map out where and how values (here understood as ideas about how something should be) and norms (expectations or rules that are socially enforced) are transmitted within this regime. ‘Value transmission’ is here understood in a broad sense, taking into account the values that are directly transmitted through information and education programmes, as well as those informing practices and actors’ decisions. Identifying how norms and values figure in the resettlement regime aid us in further understanding decision making processes, policy making, and the on-the-ground work of practitioners that influence refugees’ lives. An important finding in this literature review is that vulnerability is a central notion in international refugee protection, and even more so in resettlement. Ideas and practices regarding vulnerability are, throughout the resettlement regime, in continuous tension with those of security, integration, and of refugees’ own agency. The literature review and our discussion serve as a point of departure for developing further investigations into the external dimension of value transmission, which in turn can add insights into the role of norms and values in the making and un-making of (external) boundaries/borders.
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Muia, Esther G., and Joyce Olenja. Enhancing the use of emergency contraception in a refugee setting: Findings from a baseline survey in Kakuma refugee camps, Kenya. Population Council, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh2000.1038.

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In August 1992, the International Rescue Committee (IRC) at the request of the United Nations, the United Nations High Commission for Refugees, and the Kenyan Government, initiated a primary health care program in the Kakuma Refugee Camp. Since then, the population of the camp has continued to grow, and activities have moved from a crisis to a maintenance phase. In January 1997, IRC assumed the additional responsibility of the camp hospital, bringing the entire health sector under their management. IRC's programs focus on maintaining and improving public health and promoting self-reliance, particularly of the most vulnerable communities. This project focuses on emergency contraception as an aspect of the reproductive health (RH) needs of refugee women and men of reproductive age. The project will especially target the large adolescent community currently resident in the camp. The objective is to contribute to the improved quality of RH services for refugees and the local Turkana population in Kakuma through operations research on the introduction of emergency contraception. This report presents findings from the baseline survey.
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Kerwin, Donald. The US Refugee Resettlement Program — A Return to First Principles: How Refugees Help to Define, Strengthen, and Revitalize the United States. Center for Migration Studies, June 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.14240/cmsrpt0618.

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Akbulut-Yuksel, Mevlude, Naci Mocan, Semih Tumen, and Belgi Turan. The Crime Effect of Refugees. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w30070.

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