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Journal articles on the topic 'Refugees – Sudan'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

El Jack, Amani. "“Education Is My Mother and Father”: The “Invisible” Women of Sudan." Refuge: Canada's Journal on Refugees 27, no. 2 (January 18, 2012): 19–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.25071/1920-7336.34719.

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Education plays a significant role in informing the way people develop gender values, identities, relationships, and stereotypes. The education of refugees, however, takes place in multiple and diverse settings. Drawing on a decade of field research in Kenya, Sudan, Uganda, and North America, I examine the promises and challenges of education for refugees and argue that southern Sudanese refugee women and girls experience gendered and unequal access to education in protracted refugee sites such as the Kakuma refugee camp, as well as in resettled destinations such as Massachusetts. Many of these refugees, who are commonly referred to as the “lost boys and girls,” did not experience schooling in the context of a stable family life; that is why they often reiterate the Sudanese proverb, “Education is my mother and father.” I argue that tertiary education is crucial because it promotes self-reliance. It enables refugees, particularly women, to gain knowledge, voice, and skills which will give them access to better employment opportunities and earnings and thus enhance their equality and independence. Indeed, education provides a context within which to understand and make visible the changing nature of gender relationships of power.

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2

Woldegabriel, Berhane. "Eritrean refugees in Sudan." Review of African Political Economy 23, no. 67 (March 1996): 87–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03056249608704181.

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3

Wallace, Tina. "Refugees and hunger in Eastern Sudan." Review of African Political Economy 12, no. 33 (August 1985): 64–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03056248508703634.

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4

Baird, Martha B., and Joyceen S. Boyle. "Well-Being in Dinka Refugee Women of Southern Sudan." Journal of Transcultural Nursing 23, no. 1 (November 3, 2011): 14–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1043659611423833.

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The purpose of this study was to understand the health and well-being of Sudanese refugee women who were resettled with their children to the United States. The design was an interpretive ethnography using individual interviews and participant observation with extensive field notes. The findings describe personal factors as well as community and social conditions that influenced the health and well-being of the refugee women and their families. These influences are captured in the three themes that emerged from the study: (1) liminality—living between two cultures, (2) self-support—standing on our own two legs, and (3) hope for the future. These themes describe a process of how refugee women achieve well-being in the transition to a new country and culture. The study contributes to our theoretical understanding of how to develop culturally congruent interventions for resettled refugees.

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5

Schlaudt, Victoria A., Rahel Bosson, Monnica T. Williams, Benjamin German, Lisa M. Hooper, Virginia Frazier, Ruth Carrico, and Julio Ramirez. "Traumatic Experiences and Mental Health Risk for Refugees." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 6 (March 16, 2020): 1943. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17061943.

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Refugees who settle in Western countries exhibit a high rate of mental health issues, which are often related to experiences throughout the pre-displacement, displacement, and post-displacement processes. Early detection of mental health symptoms could increase positive outcomes in this vulnerable population. The rates and predictors of positive screenings for mental health symptoms were examined among a large sample of refugees, individuals with special immigrant visas, and parolees/entrants (N = 8149) from diverse nationalities. Logistic regression analyses were used to determine if demographic factors and witnessing/experiencing violence predicted positive screenings. On a smaller subset of the sample, we calculated referral acceptance rate by country of origin. Refugees from Syria, Iraq, and Afghanistan were most likely to exhibit a positive screening for mental health symptoms. Refugees from Sudan, Iraq, and Syria reported the highest rate of experiencing violence, whereas those from Iraq, Sudan, and the Democratic Republic of Congo reported the highest rate of witnessing violence. Both witnessing and experiencing violence predicted positive Refugee Health Screener-15 (RHS-15) scores. Further, higher age and female gender predicted positive RHS-15 scores, though neither demographic variable was correlated with accepting a referral for mental health services. The findings from this study can help to identify characteristics that may be associated with risk for mental health symptoms among a refugee population.

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6

Liebling, Helen Jane, Hazel Rose Barrett, and Lillian Artz. "Sexual and gender-based violence and torture experiences of Sudanese refugees in Northern Uganda: health and justice responses." International Journal of Migration, Health and Social Care 16, no. 4 (October 12, 2020): 389–414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijmhsc-10-2019-0081.

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Purpose This British Academy/Leverhulme-funded research (Grant number: SG170394) investigated the experiences and impact of sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) and torture on South Sudanese refugees’ health and rights and the responses of health and justice services in Northern Uganda. Design/methodology/approach It involved thematic analysis of the narratives of 20 men and 41 women refugees’ survivors of SGBV and torture; this included their experiences in South Sudan, their journeys to Uganda and experiences in refugee settlements. In total, 37 key stakeholders including health and justice providers, police, non-government and government organisations were also interviewed regarding their experiences of providing services to refugees. Findings All refugees had survived human rights abuses carried out in South Sudan, on route to Uganda and within Uganda. Incidents of violence, SGBV, torture and other human rights abuses declined significantly for men in Uganda, but women reported SGBV incidents. The research demonstrates linkages between the physical, psychological, social/cultural and justice/human rights impact on women and men refugees, which amplified the impact of their experiences. There was limited screening, physical and psychological health and support services; including livelihoods and education. Refugees remained concerned about violence and SGBV in the refugee settlements. While they all knew of the reporting system for such incidents, they questioned the effectiveness of the process. For this reason, women opted for family reconciliation rather than reporting domestic violence or SGBV to the authorities. Men found it hard to report incidences due to high levels of stigma and shame. Research limitations/implications Refugees largely fled South Sudan to escape human rights abuses including, persecution, SGBV and torture. Their experiences resulted in physical, psychological, social-cultural and justice effects that received limited responses by health and justice services. An integrated approach to meeting refugees’ needs is required. Practical implications The authors make recommendations for integrated gender sensitive service provision for refugees including more systematic screening, assessment and treatment of SGBV and torture physical and emotional injuries combined with implementation of livelihoods and social enterprises. Social implications The research demonstrates that stigma and shame, particularly for male refugee survivors of SGBV and torture, impacts on ability to report these incidents and seek treatment. Increasing gender sensitivity of services to these issues, alongside provision of medical treatment for injuries, alongside improved informal justice processes, may assist to counteract shame and increase disclosure. Originality/value There is currently a lack of empirical investigation of this subject area, therefore this research makes a contribution to the subject of understanding refugees’ experiences of SGBV and torture, as well as their perceptions of service provision and response. This subject is strategically important due to the pressing need to develop integrated, gendered and culturally sensitive services that listen to the voices and draw on the expertise of refugees themselves while using their skills to inform improvements in service responses and policy.

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7

Winter, Roger P. "Refugees, War and Famine in the Sudan." Issue: A Journal of Opinion 19, no. 2 (1991): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1166337.

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8

Winter, Roger P. "Refugees, War and Famine in the Sudan." Issue: A Journal of Opinion 19, no. 2 (1991): 56–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047160700501322.

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Sudan today is confronting the possibility of preventable human death on a massive scale. The framework for responding has dramatically deteriorated in the last year. The scope of the disaster is essentially nationwide with 9 to 11 million people in jeopardy of starvation. About half of the at-risk population is war-related, and half drought-related— but the two forces are interacting to produce the level of vulnerability. This contrasts somewhat with the at-risk population in 1988, which was made up primarily of war affected southerners, of whom a quarter-of-a-million died.

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9

Liebling, Helen, Hazel Barrett, and Lilly Artz. "South Sudanese Refugee Survivors of Sexual and Gender-Based Violence and Torture: Health and Justice Service Responses in Northern Uganda." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 5 (March 5, 2020): 1685. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17051685.

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This British Academy/Leverhulme-funded research investigated the health and justice service responses to the needs of South Sudanese refugees living in refugee settlements in Northern Uganda who had been subjected to sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) and torture. It involved the collection and thematic analysis of the narratives of 20 men and 41 women who were refugee survivors of SGBV and torture, including their experiences in South Sudan, their journeys to Uganda and experiences in refugee settlements, in particular their access to health and justice services. Thirty-seven key stakeholders including international, government, non-government organisations and civil society organisations were also interviewed regarding their experiences of providing health and justice services to refugees. All refugees had survived human rights abuses mainly carried out in South Sudan but some had also occurred on route to Uganda and within Uganda. Despite the significant impact of their experiences, the analysis indicated that there was limited service response in refugee settlements in Northern Uganda once the immediate humanitarian crisis ended. The thematic analysis indicated five main themes coming from the interviews. These included: the nature of refugee experiences of SGBV and torture, including domestic violence and child abduction and forced marriage; issues associated with service provision such as lack of adequate screening and under resourcing of health and justice services; a lack of gender sensitivity and specialist services, particularly for men; the sustained involvement of civil society organisations and local non-governmental organisations in providing counselling and offering emotional support and hope to survivors; and enhancing health and justice responses and services to improve refugee recovery, dignity and resilience. The authors recommend that integrated gendered and culturally sensitive service provision should be adopted, which brings together formal and informal health, justice services and survivor support programmes.

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10

KIBREAB, GAIM. "Eritrean Women Refugees in Khartoum, Sudan, 1970–1990." Journal of Refugee Studies 8, no. 1 (1995): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jrs/8.1.1.

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11

Schweitzer, Robert, Jaimi Greenslade, and Ashraf Kagee. "Coping and Resilience in Refugees from the Sudan: A Narrative Account." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 41, no. 3 (March 2007): 282–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00048670601172780.

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Objective: The purpose of this paper was to identify and explicate coping and resilience themes employed by 13 resettled Sudanese refugees. Method: A sample of 13 Sudanese refugees was asked to describe their experience of coping in the three periods of their migration, namely: pre migration from Sudan, transit, and post migration in their host country. Members of the sample participated in qualitative interviews conducted with the assistance a bilingual community worker. Results: Three themes that characterized the experience of resettled refugees across all periods were: religious beliefs, social support and personal qualities. A fourth less salient, theme, comparison with others, also emerged in the post-migration context. Conclusions: A number of themes associated with coping and resilience in response to trauma were identified. These themes may be translated into strategies to assist in responding constructively to trauma. Such approaches may be used to improve the well-being of resettled refugees in Australia.

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12

Ahsani Maulinardi, Yon Machmudi, and Sri Yunanto. "THE EXODUS OF ETHIOPIAN REFUGEES IN SUDAN: A STUDY OF THE ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF HOST COUNTRIES." Sociae Polites 23, no. 2 (December 19, 2022): 117–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.33541/sp.v23i2.4433.

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The Government of Sudan hastened to handle refugees when a mass influx of Tigrayan refugees swarmed the Ethiopian-Sudanese border in late 2020. Political rivalry between the TPLF (Tigray People’s Liberation Front) and the coalition led by Ethiopian PM Abiy Ahmed's newly formed political coalition Prosperity Party/Paartii Badhaadhiina reached an all-time high when Federal Government decided to halt the financial aid planned for Tigray and formally reject regional election results held by Tigray earlier in September 2020; PM Abiy Ahmed condemned it as an illegal election carried out without Federal Government’s approval. In countermeasure, TPLF stormed the Ethiopian Defense Force regional base headquartered in Tigray capital, Mekelle, An action that provoked PM Abiy Ahmed's intentions to crush the TPLF once and for all. The military coalition consisted of Ethiopian Defense Force, Amhara Milita the Liyu Hayl, and Eritrean forces attacked Tigray from two consecutive fronts, forcing the civilians to flee their homes west into the Ethiopian-Sudanese border, begging for asylum from the Sudanese Government. This study aims to answer the roles and responsibilities carried out by the Sudanese Government in handling the Ethiopian refugees sheltered in the states of Kassala, Gedaref, and Blue Nile during the Tigray crisis. Using Kayongo-Male’s African Refugee Migration research model, the authors find the eagerness shown by the Sudanese Government to handle the Ethiopian refugees, the difficulties of rehabilitating the infrastructure, and the passive role of the African Union in mediating the conflict between the TPLF and Federal Ethiopian Government.

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13

Nagai, M., U. Karunakara, E. Rowley, and G. Burnham. "Violence against refugees, non-refugees and host populations in southern Sudan and northern Uganda." Global Public Health 3, no. 3 (July 2008): 249–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17441690701768904.

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14

Bauman, Paul. "Foundation News." Leading Edge 39, no. 8 (August 2020): 536–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/tle39080536.1.

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The Kakuma Refugee Camp (including the nearby Kalobeyei Camp) in the Turkana Desert of northwestern Kenya is home to approximately 200,000 refugees from 21 countries. The camp was established in 1992 to accommodate approximately 40,000 “Lost Boys” who walked there from their villages in Sudan. I have heard many experienced humanitarian aid workers describe Kakuma as the worst place in the world. In Dave Eggers book, What is the What, Lost Boy Achak Deng, after surviving for years as a child wandering across deserts and swamps in Sudan and eventually reaching Kakuma, describes it as “a place in which no one, simply no one but the most desperate, would ever consider spending a day” (Eggers, 2007).

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15

Peters, Lisa, Sharon L. Bourke, Janet A. Green, Elianna Johnson, Ligi Anish, and Linda K. Jones. "Understanding the healthcare needs of Sudanese refugee women settling in Australia." Clinical Nursing Studies 8, no. 2 (June 16, 2020): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/cns.v8n2p40.

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Objective: Explore the healthcare needs of Sudanese refugee women settling in Australia.Background: Refugees from Sudan are the fastest growing community in Australia. Nurses who care for people from the Sudan will be required to be familiar with the needs of this emerging community and offer culturally competent and safe care.Methods: Integrative review of the literature.Results: Sudan is one of the countries in Africa where the practice of female genital mutilation (FGM), cutting or circumcision is considered a social norm. This is a deeply rooted traditional cultural practice that is still prevalent in many developing countries. Healthcare professionals in Australia are ill equipped to care for women and children who have undergone this procedure. This paper explores the Sudanese refugee community in Shepparton, Victoria to explore the nursing considerations caring for women affected by FGM within the Australian health care context.Conclusions: There is a need for more education in undergraduate, postgraduate and continuing professional education on the healthcare needs of women who have undergone female genital mutilation in order to provide appropriate care and support for these women.

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16

Alcaide, Jorge Carlos Naranjo. "The Development of Catholic Schools in the Republic of Sudan." Social and Education History 8, no. 1 (February 22, 2019): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.17583/hse.2019.3611.

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Sudan is today a country self-defined as Islamic (97% of the population) and Arab. In this context the schools of the Catholic Church have played and play a relevant role in the instruction of the elites of the country and in the provision of education to the displaced and refugee communities (3.58 million persons of concern of UNHCR in 2016). This article studies the development of these schools and their change of role along the following historical periods: the part of the Turco-Egyptian rule that corresponds with the foundation of the first Catholic Schools and the work of the great promotor of education in Sudan, Daniel Comboni (1843-1881); the Anglo-Egyptian Condominium which meant their expansion (1898-1956); and the Independent Sudan where they mainly focused on the service to displaced and refugees (1956-2017). The article describes this evolution and the current situation based upon the revision of published bibliography and unpublished materials from the archives of the Education Office of the Archdiocese of Khartoum and of the Comboni Missionaries in Sudan, especially for the most recent periods.

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17

He, Ye, Silvia Cristina Bettez, and Barbara B. Levin. "Imagined Community of Education: Voices From Refugees and Immigrants." Urban Education 52, no. 8 (March 20, 2015): 957–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042085915575579.

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To challenge deficit thinking concerning immigrants and refugees in urban schools, we engaged members of local immigrant and refugee communities from China, Mexico, Liberia, and Sudan in focus group discussions about their prior educational experiences, their hopes and aspirations for education, and the supports and challenges they encountered in their perceived reality of PK-12 education in the United States. In an effort to promote asset-based approaches, we employed Yosso’s framework in our analysis to highlight the community cultural wealth and to describe the process of creating an “imagined community” of education shared among our participants.

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18

Loza, Nasser, and Nael Hasan. "Sudanese refugees: sufferings and suggested management." International Psychiatry 4, no. 1 (January 2007): 5–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/s1749367600005075.

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Egypt and the Sudan have historically provided a continuum of social and cultural exchange. With the Nile valley providing the only route between the Mediterranean and sub-Saharan Africa, Egypt became the natural host for Sudanese refugees.

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19

Babikir, Ahmed A. A. "Aid to refugees — shortcomings: with special reference to eastern Sudan." GeoJournal 33, no. 4 (August 1994): 383–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00806420.

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20

CRISP, JEFF. "UGANDAN REFUGEES IN SUDAN AND ZAIRE: THE PROBLEM OF REPATRIATION." African Affairs 85, no. 339 (April 1986): 163–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a097773.

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21

Cutler, Peter. "The response to drought of Beja famine refugees in Sudan." Disasters 10, no. 3 (September 1986): 181–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7717.1986.tb00586.x.

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22

Wamala, J. "The health of refugees and displaced persons in South Sudan." International Journal of Infectious Diseases 45 (April 2016): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2016.02.167.

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23

Sidhu, Aven, Rohan Kakkar, and Osamah Alenezi. "The Management of Newly Diagnosed HIV in a Sudanese Refugee in Canada: Commentary and Review of Literature." Reviews on Recent Clinical Trials 14, no. 1 (January 30, 2019): 61–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1574887113666180903145323.

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Background: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) prevalence rates in refugee camps are inconclusive in current literature, with some studies highlighting the increased risk of transmission due to poor living conditions and lower levels of education. With the increasing number of refugees from HIV endemic countries, it is important to assess the programs established to support patients upon arrival. Refugees have been reported to have a lower health literacy and face disease-related stigmatization, which must be overcome for the lifelong treatment of HIV. </P><P> Case Presentation: 31-year-old female arrived in Canada as a refugee from Sudan with her 5 children in July of 2017. She was diagnosed with HIV and severe dental carries during her initial medical evaluation and referred to our centre. A lack of social support has resulted in severe psychological stress. The first being stigmatization which has led to her not disclosing the diagnosis to anyone outside her medical care team. Her level of knowledge about HIV is consistent with literature reporting that despite HIV prevention programs in refugee camps, compliance with risk reduction behaviors, especially in females, is low. Lastly, her major concern relates to the cost of living and supporting her children. Conclusion: Assessment of current HIV programs is necessary to recognize and resolve gaps in the system. Focusing on programs which increase both risk reduction behaviors in refugee camps and integration of refugees in a new healthcare system can facilitate an easier transition for patients and aid in the quest for global 90-90-90 targets for HIV.

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24

Vancluysen, Sarah, and Bert Ingelaere. "Conflict resolution as cultural brokerage: how refugee leaders mediate disputes in Uganda’s refugee settlements." Journal of Refugee Studies 33, no. 2 (May 1, 2020): 300–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jrs/feaa037.

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Abstract Looking through the lens of disputes and their resolution, this article examines the efforts undertaken by refugees to guarantee peaceful coexistence within and around settlements in northern Uganda. Based on extensive fieldwork, we examine which disputes occur within and around the settlements and which actors intervene to mediate and solve them. We identify a hierarchy among the different formal and informal actors involved in the resolution of disputes and show how refugee leaders operate as brokers between Ugandan law and South-Sudanese customs, between here and there, a recent past and imagined future in the home country. This finding comes to clarify the process of local integration, by foregrounding the link between law and culture. Some of the dispute-settlement outcomes facilitate the refugees’ integration into Uganda as a host country, while other resolution strategies are geared towards a long-awaited return to South-Sudan.

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25

Fox, Steven H., and Mary S. Willis. "Dental Restorations for Dinka and Nuer Refugees: A Confluence of Culture and Healing." Transcultural Psychiatry 47, no. 3 (July 2010): 452–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1363461510374559.

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The Harvard Trauma Questionnaire, Hopkins Symptom Checklist-25, and the Self-reporting Questionnaire-24 were used to evaluate distress among 22 Dinka and Nuer refugees to the US before and after complete restoration of four to six lower front teeth that had been extracted during childhood in Sudan. Participants reported significant improvement in levels of distress following full restoration of missing teeth, including symptoms of PTSD. These results illustrate the value of incorporating community perspectives into the selection of health treatment options for newly arriving populations. But they also emphasize the unique situation faced by each refugee population as they embark on a wholly new cultural learning process.

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Clark, Alice, Andrew Gilbert, Deepa Rao, and Lorraine Kerr. "‘Excuse me, do any of you ladies speak English?’ Perspectives of refugee women living in South Australia: barriers to accessing primary health care and achieving the Quality Use of Medicines." Australian Journal of Primary Health 20, no. 1 (2014): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py11118.

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Reforms to the Australian health system aim to ensure that services are accessible, clinically and culturally appropriate, timely and affordable. During the reform consultation process there were urgent calls from stakeholders to specifically consider the health needs of the thousands of refugees who settle here each year, but little is known about what is needed from the refugee perspective. Access to health services is a basic requirement of achieving the quality use of medicines, as outlined in Australia’s National Medicines Policy. This study aimed to identify the barriers to accessing primary health care services and explore medicine-related issues as experienced by refugee women in South Australia. Thirty-six women participated in focus groups with accredited and community interpreters and participants were from Sudan, Burundi, Congo, Burma, Afghanistan and Bhutan who spoke English (as a second language), Chin, Matu, Dari and Nepali. The main barrier to accessing primary health care and understanding GPs and pharmacists was not being able to speak or comprehend English. Interpreter services were used inconsistently or not at all. To implement the health reforms and achieve the quality use of medicines, refugees, support organisations, GPs, pharmacists and their staff require education, training and support.

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27

McMahon, Felicia Faye. "Repeat Performance: Dancing DiDinga with the Lost Boys of Southern Sudan." Journal of American Folklore 118, no. 469 (July 1, 2005): 354–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4137918.

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Abstract In folklore studies, there is a dearth of information about the transnational processes by which diasporic communities actively negotiate their identities. In this article, I examine the variables that affect the cultural performances of the DiDinga, an understudied group of southern Sudanese refugees, known in the United States by the moniker "The Lost Boys." In today’s world of globalization and transnationalism, documentation and interpretation of recontextualized performances is more critical than ever before. Part of this inquiry seeks to make explicit the tensions that affect ways by which this small group of parentless male youth come to consensus about appropriate and meaningful traditions performed for the public in a new context. Drawing on public sector work with refugees, I explore how folklore research contributes to identifying internal and external forces that act on the aesthetics of recontextualized performance of diasporic groups, as well as how folklorists work effectively to present and interpret recontextualized traditions of people now residing in the United States.

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Ahmed, Ayman, Yousif Ali, Emmanuel Edwar Siddig, Jehan Hamed, Nouh S. Mohamed, Amna Khairy, and Jakob Zinsstag. "Hepatitis E Virus Outbreak among Tigray War Refugees from Ethiopia, Sudan." Emerging Infectious Diseases 28, no. 8 (August 2022): 1722–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2808.220397.

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Kibreab, Gaim. "Resistance, Displacement, and Identity: The Case of Eritrean Refugees in Sudan." Canadian Journal of African Studies 34, no. 2 (2000): 249. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/486416.

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30

Kibreab, Gaim. "Resistance, Displacement, and Identity: The Case of Eritrean Refugees in Sudan." Canadian Journal of African Studies / Revue canadienne des études africaines 34, no. 2 (January 2000): 249–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00083968.2000.10751194.

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31

Marnell, Ferdia, A. Guillet, and Celia Holland. "A survey of the intestinal helminths of refugees in Juba, Sudan." Annals of Tropical Medicine & Parasitology 86, no. 4 (January 1992): 387–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00034983.1992.11812682.

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32

Fox, Steven H., and Mary S. Willis. "Initiatory Mental Health Assessments for Dinka and Nuer Refugees from Sudan." Journal of Immigrant & Refugee Studies 7, no. 2 (June 30, 2009): 159–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15562940902935621.

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33

Teklemariam, Bekit, Asatsa Stephen PhD, Muriithi Kambi Joel PhD, and Nyagah Virginia Wanjiru PhD. "Prevalence of Trauma Symptoms among Eritrean Refugees in Jiref, Khartoum, Sudan." International Journal of Humanities, Social Sciences and Education 9, no. 7 (2022): 73–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.20431/2349-0381.0907008.

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34

Ahmed, Ayman, Yousif Ali, Nouh S. Mohamed, Jakob Zinsstag, Emmanuel Edwar Siddig, and Amna Khairy. "Hepatitis E Virus Outbreak among Tigray War Refugees from Ethiopia, Sudan." Emerging Infectious Diseases 29, no. 2 (February 2023): 460–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2902.221796.

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35

Appe, Susan, and Ayelet Oreg. "Lost and Found in Upstate New York: Exploring the Motivations of “Lost Boys” Refugees as Founders of International Nonprofit Organizations." Administration & Society 52, no. 8 (November 26, 2019): 1209–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0095399719890311.

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This research examines engagement in diaspora philanthropy through the lens of Lost Boys of Sudan and their founding of small international nonprofit service organizations based in the United States. We seek to understand refugees’ motivations to take upon themselves leadership roles in their local United States communities and in the provision of goods and services to their homeland, South Sudan. By becoming founders of international service nonprofits, Lost Boys make meaning of their experiences and are able to motivate local support in their United States communities to give to distant communities in South Sudan.

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36

Milner, Karla, and Nigar G. Khawaja. "Sudanese Refugees in Australia: The Impact of Acculturation Stress." Journal of Pacific Rim Psychology 4, no. 1 (May 1, 2010): 19–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/prp.4.1.19.

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AbstractRefugees from Sudan are the fastest growing community in Australia. Australian mental health professionals have to be prepared to offer services to this ethnic group along with the other mainstream and diverse consumers. In order to offer culturally competent services, these mental health professionals are required to be familiar with this emerging community. As such, a review was undertaken with two main goals. Firstly, the review aimed to educate Australian mental health professionals about the demographics and culture of Sudan, the traumas encountered as a result of the civil war, factors leading to massive exodus and the difficulties of the transit and postmigration phase. Secondly, the review intended to inform Australian mental health professionals about the possible acculturation stress that is manifested in the form of intergeneration and role conflict and marital difficulties. The review highlights limitations on the number of studies addressing acculturation stress of Sudanese refugees and even fewer on the impact it has on relationships. Future research directions are discussed.

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Tayfor, Razan Osman, Nada Hassan Mohamed, Isam Mohammed Ahmed, and Elhadi Mohieldin Awooda. "Oral Health Status among Refugees and Internally Displaced Children (3-11 Years Old) from Western Kordofan State, Sudan." Saudi Journal of Oral and Dental Research 7, no. 5 (May 30, 2022): 142–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/sjodr.2022.v07i05.003.

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Background: Refugees and internally displaced children are often fed food with a low nutritional value or high in carbohydrates, predisposing them to a relatively higher risk of dental caries, and periodontal diseases. Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the oral health status among a group of refugees and displaced children. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study among (172), 3–13-year-old children (59 boys (34.3%) and 113 girls (65.7%) from in Almoshama camp for displaced and refugees coming from different areas of Sudan and outside Sudan. The participants were selected by non-probability sampling technique based on convenient accessibility and availability of children from friendly child spaces in the camp. Dental caries was assessed by dmft for primary teeth and DMFT for permanent teeth, while periodontal status was assessed by community periodontal index (CPI). Comparison between different non-parametric data was done by Chi-Squire test and parametric data by student T-test, with the level of statistical significance difference set at P-value ≤ 0.05. Results: The prevalence of dental caries among the participants was 33.3%. The mean ±SD dmft score was 2.28±1.77 and the DMFT score was 1.63±1.51. A statistically significant difference in mean DMFT between different age groups (P=0.004) and between boys and girls (P-0.03). While the mean CPI was 0.73. Almost half of the participants had periodontal diseases (54.1%) of whom 37.2% had gingival problems, 14.5% calculus, and only 2.32% have pocket problems. Conclusions: High prevalence of untreated dental caries and periodontal diseases among Refugees and internally displaced children living in Almoshama camp in West Kordofan, Sudan. Emphasis on motivation in oral health promotion campaigns and provision of primary health care services among those vulnerable groups is paramount.

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Ruiz, Hiram A., and Bill Frelick. "Africa’s Uprooted People: Shaping a Humanitarian Response." Issue: A Journal of Opinion 18, no. 1 (1989): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1548450500003760.

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Utterly destitute, exhausted, and terrorized, hundreds of Mozambicans each day make their way to neighboring countries seeking protection. More than a million Mozambican refugees have now fled that nation. Millions more are displaced within Mozambique. In southern Sudan, hundreds of thousands have died and many more are at risk of starvation. More than two million other southern Sudanese have been uprooted from their homes. Many of them are living in squalid shantytowns built atop garbage dumps outside the Sudanese capital, Khartoum. Elsewhere in Africa, refugees languish in settlements where they have remained for years, dependent on international food aid, while more recently arrived refugees struggle just to survive.

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Ruiz, Hiram A., and Bill Frelick. "Africa’s Uprooted People: Shaping a Humanitarian Response." Issue 18, no. 1 (1989): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047160700500985.

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Utterly destitute, exhausted, and terrorized, hundreds of Mozambicans each day make their way to neighboring countries seeking protection. More than a million Mozambican refugees have now fled that nation. Millions more are displaced within Mozambique. In southern Sudan, hundreds of thousands have died and many more are at risk of starvation. More than two million other southern Sudanese have been uprooted from their homes. Many of them are living in squalid shantytowns built atop garbage dumps outside the Sudanese capital, Khartoum. Elsewhere in Africa, refugees languish in settlements where they have remained for years, dependent on international food aid, while more recently arrived refugees struggle just to survive.

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Smith, Laura, Ha Hoang, Tamara Reynish, Kim McLeod, Chona Hannah, Stuart Auckland, Shameran Slewa-Younan, and Jonathan Mond. "Factors Shaping the Lived Experience of Resettlement for Former Refugees in Regional Australia." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 2 (January 13, 2020): 501. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17020501.

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Refugees experience traumatic life events with impacts amplified in regional and rural areas due to barriers accessing services. This study examined the factors influencing the lived experience of resettlement for former refugees in regional Launceston, Australia, including environmental, social, and health-related factors. Qualitative interviews and focus groups were conducted with adult and youth community members from Burma, Bhutan, Sierra Leone, Afghanistan, Iran, and Sudan, and essential service providers (n = 31). Thematic analysis revealed four factors as primarily influencing resettlement: English language proficiency; employment, education and housing environments and opportunities; health status and service access; and broader social factors and experiences. Participants suggested strategies to overcome barriers associated with these factors and improve overall quality of life throughout resettlement. These included flexible English language program delivery and employment support, including industry-specific language courses; the provision of interpreters; community events fostering cultural sharing, inclusivity and promoting well-being; and routine inclusion of nondiscriminatory, culturally sensitive, trauma-informed practices throughout a former refugee’s environment, including within education, employment, housing and service settings.

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Rana, Ritu, Hatty Barthorp, and Mary T. Murphy. "Leaving no one behind: Community Management of At-risk Mothers and Infants under six months (MAMI) in the context of COVID-19 in Gambella refugee camps, Ethiopia." World Nutrition 11, no. 2 (June 29, 2020): 108–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.26596/wn.2020112108-120.

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Refugees are at an increased risk of contracting Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) due to their suboptimal living environment and inadequate access to healthcare services. As refugee-hosting countries are preparing to prevent and contain the spread of COVID-19 infections by diverting healthcare efforts, it is equally important to prevent the collapse of existing lifesaving services, including those provided during the first 1,000 days (nutrition services from conception to a child’s second birthday). Recently, many international organisations, including United Nations agencies, have published guidance documents for programming in refugee context. Similarly, there is global guidance available for nutrition programs in the context of COVID-19, such as -infant and young child feeding, management of child wasting, and nutrition information management; however, no specific guidance is available for community management of nutritionally at-risk mothers and infants under six months (MAMI). In response to the major refugee influx, mainly women and children, from South Sudan, GOAL, an international humanitarian response organisation, is implementing a MAMI program since 2014. GOAL believes, despite COVID-19 context, it is critical to continue the MAMI program with adaptive measures to prevent and manage malnutrition among at-risk mothers and infants. In this regard, considering available international guidelines, both nutrition and refugee context-specific, GOAL has developed its own guidelines for the refugee population. In this article, we present GOAL Ethiopia’s COVID-19 response within nutrition support services, for the South Sudanese refugees, focused on at-risk mothers with infants under six months, living in two Gambella refugee camps. We believe our guidelines will also be helpful for other organisations implementing MAMI in different contexts.

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Moszynski, P. "Refugees in South Sudan to receive pneumococcal vaccine after delays over price." BMJ 347, aug09 1 (August 9, 2013): f5042. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.f5042.

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Moszynski, P. "Aid agencies warn of mounting humanitarian crisis among refugees in South Sudan." BMJ 344, jun26 1 (June 26, 2012): e4352-e4352. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.e4352.

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DE WAAL, ALEX. "Refugees and the Creation of Famine: The Case of Dar Masalit, Sudan." Journal of Refugee Studies 1, no. 2 (1988): 127–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jrs/1.2.127.

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Idris, Amir. "Rethinking Identity, Citizenship, and Violence in Sudan." International Journal of Middle East Studies 44, no. 2 (April 16, 2012): 324–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743812000086.

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Since its political independence in 1956, Sudan has witnessed the rise of armed ethnic and regional protest movements that have resulted in great human suffering and the largest number of refugees and displaced peoples in Africa. These protest movements have challenged the legitimacy of the independent Sudanese state, led by Arabized and Islamized elites at the pinnacle of power, to extend and define citizenship rights and responsibilities. In Darfur, Southern Kordofan, and Blue Nile, these movements are not only currently demanding equal citizenship rights, but they are also demanding recognition of special rights including claims to land, autonomous government, and the maintenance of ethno-national identities. They are thus opening up a debate about what citizenship entails, particularly in a multicultural context; how the current state reconciles competing claims of citizenship; and what kinds of viable institutional mechanisms are required for an effective relationship between the state, its citizens, and local power structures.

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Silbermann, Michael, Lea Baider, Daniela Respini, Paolo Tralongo, Michel Daher, Rana Obeidat, Nahla Gafer, et al. "An Urgent Human Health Dilemma Facing Refugees and their Host Caregivers?" Journal of Human Health Research 1, no. 2 (May 22, 2018): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.14302/issn.2576-9383.jhhr-18-2111.

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The continuous waves of refugees from Africa and the Middle East to Europe present major inter¬cultural challenges to European health professionals and to society at large. A recent workshop in Sicily brought together local physicians, nurses, psychologists and managers of governmental agencies, along with representatives from Lebanon, Israel, Iraq, Iran, Sudan, Tunisia, Jordan and the European Society of Medical Oncology (ESMO) to develop training programs aimed at formulating dialogue between regional professionals and refugees. A major barrier refugees face is a lack of verbal and cultural communication, which hinders their smooth absorption into the new society. Cultural mediators who speak Arabic and Italian and understand the refugees' faith, tradition and beliefs are vital to successfully build bridges of trust between caregivers and refugees. Most asylum seekers experience anxiety, fear, and depression upon arrival in Europe. To achieve trust, all workshop participants agreed to develop a palliative care model that would best suit the unique circumstances now facing some Mediterranean countries and assist in overcoming the suffering of refugees during their initial stay in Europe. Such a model would include bio-psychosocial elements, essential for a culturally sensitive approach and based on core ethical principles.

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Gerver, Mollie. "Refugee Repatriation and the Problem of Consent." British Journal of Political Science 48, no. 4 (June 1, 2016): 855–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007123416000193.

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Over the past decade, millions of refugees have fled their countries of origin and asked for asylum abroad. Some of these refugees do not receive asylum, but are not deported. Instead they are detained, or denied basic rights of residency, some forced into enclosed camps. Hoping to escape such conditions, they wish to return to unsafe countries, and ask for help from non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. In such cases, should NGOs and the UN assist refugees to return? Drawing on original data gathered in South Sudan, and existing data from around the world, I argue that they should assist with return if certain conditions are met. First, the UN and NGOs must try to put an end to coercive conditions before helping with return. Secondly, helping with return must not encourage the government to expand the use of coercive policies to encourage more to return. Finally, NGOs and the UN must ensure that refugees are fully informed of the risks of returning. Organizations must either conduct research in countries of origin or lobby the government to allow refugees to visit their countries of origin before making a final decision.

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Nwokeocha, Steve. "Obstacles to Education of the Children of Refugees and IDP: Lessons and Policy Options from the European Union’s ‘Education for Life’ Project in Uganda and South Sudan." European Journal of Education and Pedagogy 2, no. 3 (July 28, 2021): 194–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejedu.2021.2.3.138.

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The study documented the obstacles to the education of the children of refugees and internally displaced people (IDP), especially in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic and policy options. While it reviewed the global situation, it substantially reported the experiences of the European Union’s Education for Life Project which provided Accelerated Education Programme (AEP) for the children of refugees and IDP in Uganda and South Sudan. It gathered data from three keys sources: UNHCR and related literature; reports of the Education for Life Project; and Focused Group Discussion (FGD) with key officials of the Project. It revealed the existence of 79.5 million people displaced world-wide (which include 26 million refugees and 45.7 million IDPs). About 7.1 million children of the refugees and IDP are of schooling age with only 3.4 million accessing education. Relying on the United Nations [1] Resilience Framework, the study recommended policies to ensure that the learners, teachers, and education system have the capacity to withstand the COVID-19 pandemic and future emergencies.

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Keller, Edmond J., Edith Mukudi Omwami, and Catherine Pauline Anena. "The Gordian Knot." Africa Review 14, no. 2 (June 23, 2022): 151–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/09744061-bja10002.

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Abstract This article is a preliminary critical assessment of Uganda’s current refugee policy, ReHOPE, in the north-western part of the country. The research was based on quantitative and qualitative data gathered over six weeks in 2018 and 2019. The article is centred on national efforts to implement the UN-mandated Sustainable Development Goal #5, “gender equity and empower all women and girls”. Here the focus is on the policy as it relates to formal education, technical training and livelihood improvements and the empowerment of female South Sudan refugees in two settlements in Adjumani District. ReHOPE is a very complex, ambitious and costly programme. The data from this study seems to indicate that the goals of refugee female empowerment and improved livelihoods are not being widely realised in the two Adjumani settlements accessed. However, it is suggested that future studies of ReHOPE policies should be more extensive than the present one and researchers, employing mixed methodologies, should spend more time on the ground than a few weeks.

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Affolter, Friedrich W., and Carine Allaf. "Displaced Sudanese Voices on Education, Dignity, and Humanitarian Aid." Refuge: Canada's Journal on Refugees 30, no. 1 (May 6, 2014): 5–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.25071/1920-7336.38597.

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Education is viewed by Sudanese refugees and internally displaced persons as a key prerequisite for social status, prestige, socio-economic survival, and therefore human dignity. Using Sudan as a case study, the article demonstrates that humanitarian aid—which claims to ensure the basic conditions for a life with dignity—often attributes less importance to education than to other sectors such as water, nutrition, and health. Utilizing anecdotal evidence from internally displaced persons in conflict-affected regions of Sudan, this article illustrates that the humanitarian aid agenda fails to adequately address what their target population most demands: education.

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