Academic literature on the topic 'Refugees – Sri Lanka'

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Journal articles on the topic "Refugees – Sri Lanka"

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George, Miriam, Anita Vaillancourt, and S. Irudaya Rajan. "Sri Lankan Tamil Refugees in India: Conceptual Framework of Repatriation Success." Refuge: Canada's Journal on Refugees 32, no. 3 (November 23, 2016): 73–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.25071/1920-7336.40234.

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Repatriation to Sri Lanka has become a primary challenge to Sri Lankan Tamil refugees in Indian refugee camps, and a matter of significant public discussion in India and Sri Lanka. Anxiety about repatriation among Sri Lankan Tamil refugees and lack of initiation from the Sri Lankan government threatens the development of a coherent repatriation strategy. This article proposes a conceptual framework of repatriation success for Sri Lankan Tamil refugees, which the Sri Lankan government, non-governmental agencies, and Sri Lankan Tamil refugees may use to develop a concrete strategy for repatriation. Based upon the study results of two of the authors’ repatriation studies, this article identifies and describes the four key concepts of the repatriation framework: livelihood development, language and culture awareness, social relationships, and equal citizenship within a nation.
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Kuttikat, Miriam, Anita Vaillancourt, and Michael Massey. "Battered but bold: Sri Lankan Tamil refugee war experiences, camp challenges and resilience." International Journal of Migration, Health and Social Care 14, no. 3 (September 10, 2018): 245–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijmhsc-04-2017-0013.

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Purpose The civil war prompted many Tamils to flee Sri Lanka as refugees. Several researchers have documented psychological distress and trauma among Sri Lankan Tamil refugees, but the literature lacks sufficient discussion of resilience among this population. Although Sri Lankan Tamil refugees have experienced conflict and loss, they have also demonstrated positive adaptation following these challenges. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach The present study used an ecological approach, in which the effect of the environment on a person is regarded as significant, to explore resilience among Sri Lankan Tamils living in refugee camps in India. Findings Through a qualitative investigation of refugee experiences of war and camp life, the authors developed a conceptual framework for understanding individual and collective resilience among refugees. Research limitations/implications Additionally, the results of this study need to be interpreted with caution because participants were camp refugees, which may limit the applicability of these results with refugees who live in different settings. Practical implications The current research results show that intervention programs should have multiple components, including trauma intervention to address the individual and community psychological and psychiatric effects of war and migration experiences and psychosocial interventions to address individual, family, community dynamics and daily stressors. Social implications The study participants stated that Sri Lankan Tamil refugees are using their resilience traits including will power, positive talk, practical solutions, social support, religion and social networks to remake their broken souls. Originality/value Future studies need to be conducted with other refugee group to validate the findings of the paper.
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Shekhar, Beulah, and Vijaya Somasundaram. "The Sri Lankan Refugee Crimes and Crisis: Experience and Lessons Learnt from South India." Journal of Victimology and Victim Justice 2, no. 2 (October 2019): 215–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2516606919885524.

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Sharing porous borders with its neighbours, India has played a regular host to refugees from Nepal, Burma, Tibet, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Bhutan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka. According to UNHCR, as of 2014, there are more than 200,000 refugees living in India. Notwithstanding the fact that India is not a signatory to the 1951 UN Refugee Convention and its additional 1967 Protocol, its open-door policy to refugees has had adverse political and socio-economic repercussions. This article3 analyses the experience of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu with the Sri Lankan refugees from the first influx in 1983 up to 2000, when the refugees began returning to their homeland. The researchers identify the pull factors for the refugee influx and push factors that led to their return and in the process put together crucial learning that can be of significance to States dealing with the problem of refugees.
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Sreenivasan, Akshaya, Steve Bien-Aimé, and Colleen Connolly-Ahern. "Connecting Homeland and Borders Using Mobile Telephony: Exploring the State of Tamil Refugees in Indian Camps." Journal of Information Policy 7, no. 1 (February 1, 2017): 86–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/jinfopoli.7.1.0086.

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Abstract This article attempts to explain how mobile phones influence how Sri Lankan Tamil refugees perceive cultural, psychological, and physical borders. Grounded in the information and communications technology (ICT) literature and diaspora communications, the lead author conducted twelve in-depth interviews with Mandapam camp residents in Tamilnadu, India, during Summer 2013. Results indicate that while camp refugees considered Sri Lanka their “motherland,” fear of government surveillance coupled with skepticism regarding the peace process impedes their return, even though official hostilities have ceased. However, mobile communications allow them to create a virtual community, which is important because camp life essentially separates them from both India and Sri Lanka.
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Kasynathan, Nalini. "Working with women refugees in eastern Sri Lanka." Gender & Development 1, no. 2 (June 1993): 24–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09682869308519966.

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Schalk, P. "Caivam - a religion among Tamil speaking refugees from Sri Lanka." Refugee Survey Quarterly 26, no. 2 (January 1, 2007): 91–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rsq/hdi0230.

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Schrijvers, Joke. "Internal Refugees in Sri Lanka: The Interplay of Ethnicity and Gender." European Journal of Development Research 9, no. 2 (December 1997): 62–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09578819708426690.

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Gopalakrishnan, Murali. "Securitization of refugees in South Asia: Through the prism of Kautilya’s Arthashastra." Asian Journal of Comparative Politics 5, no. 4 (November 10, 2019): 400–415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2057891119881505.

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The acceptance of refugees and internally displaced persons represents the altruism of the countries of South Asia, which has witnessed the phenomenon of displaced persons since the early 19th century. The refugee phenomenon has a causal nature and will remain for a long time to come. The refugee situation in South Asia since 1947 has also resulted in protracted internal security conditions in India, Pakistan, Nepal, Sri Lanka and Bangladesh. The dual paradigm of refugees for a host country – societal concerns and security issues – can be resolved by adopting the Kautilyan Arthashastra (a treatise written around the turn of 4 BC) model of empowerment and integration for outsiders and his philosophy on securing society both from external and internal threats. Modern thinkers such as Plessner on anthropological behaviour, and critical security theories by Welsh and Booth, corroborate the ideas of Arthashastra. Given the prevailing global perception of refugees, the UNHCR articulation of durable solutions with a multilateral framework of understanding (MFU) among nations is a viable long-term solution. Given the peculiarities of South Asian economies, the article recommends that the long-term answer to the refugee crisis lies in an empowerment model and within the framework of collective decision-making of regional institutions such as BIMSTEC/SAARC for a coordinated and cooperative platform.
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Skran, Claudena M. "The International Refugee Regime: The Historical and Contemporary Context of International Responses to Asylum Problems." Journal of Policy History 4, no. 1 (January 1992): 8–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0898030600006485.

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In the 1990s, an increasing number of refugees make their way to the countries of the West. While the annual number of asylum seekers to Western Europe and North America averaged about 20,000 in the mid- 1970s, by 1990 this figure had jumped to more than 500,000. Unlike previous migrants, many of these asylum seekers came from non-Western countries, including Iran, Turkey, Sri Lanka, and Ghana. Their flight to the West was but a small part of a worldwide refugee problem that has grown larger since the 1980s, especially in the Third World. The vast majority of the 17.5 million people now considered to be refugees are located in Asia, Africa, and Latin America. Despite the improved international climate created by the thaw of the Cold War, the current asylum crisis is likely to continue throughout the decade; the mass exodus of Kurds to Turkey and Iran in the aftermath of the Persian Gulf war is one reminder of this.
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Surendran, S. N., S. H. P. P. Karunaratne, Z. Adamsn, J. Hemingway, and N. J. Hawkes. "Molecular and biochemical characterization of a sand fly population from Sri Lanka: evidence for insecticide resistance due to altered esterases and insensitive acetylcholinesterase." Bulletin of Entomological Research 95, no. 4 (July 2005): 371–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/ber2005368.

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AbstractWith an increasing incidence of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Sri Lanka, particularly in northern provinces, insecticide-mediated vector control is under consideration. Optimizing such a strategy requires the characterization of sand fly populations in target areas with regard to species composition and extant resistance, among other parameters. Sand flies were collected by human bait and cattle-baited net traps on Delft Island, used as an illegal transit location by many refugees returning to the north of Sri Lanka from southern India where leishmaniasis is endemic. For species identification, genomic DNA was extracted and a fragment of the ribosomal 18S gene amplified. The sequence from all flies analysed matched that of Phlebotomus argentipes Annandale & Brunetti, the primary vector in India and the most likely vector in Sri Lanka. Independent morphological analysis also identified P. argentipes. To establish the current susceptibility status of vector species, data were obtained at the biochemical level, from which potential cross-resistance to alternative insecticides can be predicted. The Delft Island collection was assayed for the activities of four enzyme systems involved in insecticide resistance (acetylcholinesterase, non-specific carboxylesterases, glutathione-S-transferases and cytochrome p450 monooxygenases), establishing baselines against which subsequent collections can be evaluated. There was preliminary evidence for elevated esterases and altered acetylcholinesterase in this population, the first report of these resistance mechanisms in sand flies to our knowledge, which probably arose from the malathion-based spraying regimes of the Anti-Malarial Campaign.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Refugees – Sri Lanka"

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Muggah, Robert. "Relocation failures : comparing internal displacement and resettlement regimes in Sri Lanka." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.670037.

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Tete, Suzanne Y. A. "Protracted displacement and solutions to displacement: : Listening to displaced persons (refugees and IDPS) in Ghana and Sri Lanka." Doctoral thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Geografisk institutt, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-15799.

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This thesis consists of a comprehensive overview and a compilation of three articles. The thesis studies the extent of displaced persons' inclusion in, and policy articulations about, resolving their protracted displacement (PD). Specifically, it explores the perceptions of Liberian refugees in Ghana and Tamil IDPs in Sri Lanka) respectively, about the solutions they consider viable in addressing their PD. It examines some policy articulations and practices around displaced persons' inclusion, and the ways in which these enable and/or constrain the latter. It also aassesses the ways in which humanitarian interventions are addressing (or not) the concerns of displaced persons. Though not dealt with on a comparative basis, both displacement situations offer complementary and contrasting insights into practices around the search for solutions, and the extent of inclusion of displaced persons' views. Part one comprises of the introduction; the background to the study areas; the methodology, methods employed and reflections on the position of the researcher's in the research process; the theoretical and conceptual perspectives; and the final conclusions. The introduction problematises protracted displacement and the search for solutions to it, and outlines the main objectives and questions of the study among other issues of relevance. Various approaches to ethnography, on a short and long-term basis, provide a means of studying the subjective perceptions of different actors and engaging with displaced persons' views. Eclectic theoretical and conceptual insights are drawn from actor-oriented perspectives and the socio-spatial production of space. They help research certain constructions around territory, nation-state and home in the context of displaced persons' rights. The final section synthesizes the articles in relation to the overview, and offers some concluding reflections and lessons learnt from the research endeavour. Part two consists of three articles. The first and third articles, respectively, explore IDPs' and refugees' views about the solutions implemented on their behalf as well as their conceptions about home. Their views are counter-posed to dominant government, implementing agencies' constructions and practices around the right to return and solutions to displacement. The second article discusses the challenges of implementing humanitarian policies on behalf of displaced persons, and serves as a contextual and conceptual backdrop that links the two articles.
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Hagadorn, Emily Josephine. "Tamil asylees and U.S. social workers : intercultural communication in the context of refugee services." Scholarly Commons, 2004. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/592.

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Chowdhory, Nasreen. "Belonging in exile and "home" : the politics of repatriation in South Asia." Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=103193.

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My dissertation discusses refugee rights and post-repatriation integration in South Asia in the context of debates over "citizenship." Postcolonial state-formation processes in South Asia have profoundly shaped questions of belonging and membership. As a result, official citizenship has become an important marker of group inclusion and exclusion in South Asian states. Using the literature on citizenship, I discuss the "belonging" claims of non-citizens (refugees) and argue that in practice this "belonging" extends beyond the state-centric "citizenship" view of membership. In doing so, I address two sets of interrelated questions: what factors determine whether or not refugees will be repatriated in South Asia, and why do some repatriated groups re-integrate more successfully than others in "post-peace" South Asian states? I answer these questions through a study of refugees from Sri Lanka and Bangladesh who sought asylum in India and were later repatriated to their countries of origin. The politics of postcolonial state-formation and subsequent discriminatory policies on language in Sri Lanka and non-recognition of the Jumma people in Bangladesh encouraged many citizens to flee to India as refugees. I argue, first, that India's state-centric politics of non-recognition of the two refugee groups contributed to their later repatriation. In the absence of rights and status in exile, refugees turned to "home" as a place to belong. I then analyze the post-repatriation variations in accommodation in Sri Lanka and Bangladesh as most refugees attempted to reclaim the lost identity and "citizenship" at "home" through the process of repatriation. However these countries pursued strategies of limited accommodation, which led to the minimal or partial re-integration of the two returnee-refugee groups.
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Zunzer, Wolfram. "Diaspora Communities and Civil Conflict Transformation." Berghof Research Center for Constructive Conflict Management, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/4186.

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Yes
This working paper deals with the nexus of diaspora communities living in European host countries, specifically in Germany, and the transformation of protracted violent conflicts in a number of home countries, including Sri Lanka, Cyprus, Somalia and Afghanistan. Firstly, the political and social role and importance of diaspora communities vis-à-vis their home and host countries is discussed, given the fact that the majority of immigrants to Germany, as well as to many other European countries, over the last ten years have come from countries with protracted civil wars and have thus had to apply for refugee or asylum status. One guiding question, then, is to what extent these groups can contribute politically and economically to supporting conflict transformation in their countries of origin. Secondly, the role and potentials of diaspora communities originating from countries with protracted violent conflicts for fostering conflict transformation activities are outlined. Thirdly, the current conflict situation in Sri Lanka is analyzed and a detailed overview of the structures and key organizations of the Tamil and Sinhalese diaspora worldwide is given. The structural potentials and levels for constructive intervention for working on conflict in Sri Lanka through the diasporas are then described. Fourthly, the socio-political roles of diaspora communities originating from Cyprus, Palestine, Somalia and Afghanistan for peacebuilding and rehabilitation in their home countries are discussed. The article finishes by drawing two conclusions. Firstly, it recommends the further development of domestic migration policies in Europe in light of current global challenges. Secondly, it points out that changes in foreign and development policies are crucial to make better use of the immense potential of diaspora communities for conflict transformation initiatives and development activities in their home countries. How this can best be achieved in practice should be clarified further through intensified action research and the launch of more pilot projects.
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DELBOS, EVELYNE. "Problemes sanitaires et sociaux des refugies tamouls du sri lanka en france : a propos d'une enquete dans le centre d'hebergement provisoire de limoges et au comite social pour les exiles." Limoges, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LIMOO108.

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Jebanesan, Albert Wilfred. "When horizons darken : the process and experience of religious conversion among Sri Lankan Tamil refugees in London." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/30318.

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This work is an inquiry into the religious conversion from folk Hinduism into Pentecostal Christianity among Sri Lankan Tamil refugees living in London. There is an estimated number of 35,000 Sri Lankan Tamil refugees in London. Many of them have decided to 'change their religion' in their quest for a community. They have formed some 22 new All-Tamil Pentecostal congregations in London, with an overall attendance of some 3,000 every Sunday. The overwhelming majority of their members are Tamils from Sri Lanka, and most of them converted from their ancestral folk Hinduism into a variety of Pentecostal Christianity. Until the present time (July 1999), the language of communication and communion of the religious services was almost exclusively Tamil; there are now signs of English being gradually introduced in order to incorporate Tamil children who are becoming more fluent in English than in Tamil. There are indications that this trend towards bilingualism and biculturalism in the religious services will spread steadily in the future. The author begins his story in the integrated life of Sri Lankan Tamil villages before the war, continues with the sudden disintegration of family, temple and village, and describes the predicament of Tamil refugees in London, concluding with their incorporation into small Pentecostal communities. The analysis of the data yields important results, such as: a) conversion is first to a community, and through the community to God; b) there is little evidence that the converts have thoroughly repudiated their previous Hindu religiosity; c) the belief system of the converts is of the utmost simplicity, without reference to the official teaching from the pulpits; d) the common life and mutual affection play a much more important role than common beliefs; e) the event of conversion and the ongoing incorporation, belonging and participation in their respective closely knit religious communities have had a profound therapeutical effect that facilitates the transition from loneliness to communion, from meaninglessness to purpose in life, and from being helpless to becoming helpful, and so forth.
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Challam, Sheetal Laxmi. "The making of the Sri Lankan Tamil cultural identity in Sydney /." View thesis View thesis, 2001. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20030530.153659/index.html.

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Thesis (M.A.) -- University of Western Sydney, 2001.
A thesis submitted for the degree of Master of Arts (Honours), School of Humanities, University of Western Sydney, 2001. Bibliography : leaves 69-72.
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Tesfay, Elizabeth. "Through the eyes of a refugee group : preparation for return by Sri Lankan Tamil refugees in India /." 2007. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:MR38835.

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Thesis (M.A.)--York University, 2007. Graduate Programme in Interdisciplinary Studies.
Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 120-130). Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:MR38835
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Pandalangat, Nalini. "Cultural Influences on Help-seeking, Treatment and Support for Mental Health Problems - A Comparative Study using a Gender Perspective." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/31890.

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This qualitative research used the Long Interview method to study cultural and gender influences on mental health, health beliefs, health behaviour, help-seeking and treatment expectations for mental health problems in newcomers to Canada who are members of an ethnocultural, visible minority population - the Sri Lankan Tamils. The study employed a comparative design and analyzed data from interviews with Tamil men (N=8) and Tamil women (N=8) who self-identified as having been diagnosed with depression, and service providers (N=8) who provide frontline mental health and related services to the Sri Lankan Tamil community. The objectives were to a) understand cultural and gender factors inherent in the Sri Lankan Tamil community; b) investigate how these cultural and gender factors impact mental health and influence the trajectory of help-seeking and treatment for depression in the Sri Lankan Tamil community; c) explore the intersection of culture and gender as it relates to health behaviour; and d) explore service providers’ perceptions of the influence of culture and gender in relation to help-seeking for mental health problems and the application of this understanding to service delivery. The study found that the respondents equated social function with health and that this concept informed help-seeking and treatment expectations. Socially appropriate functioning was seen as an indicator of health, and this differed by gender. Gender-differentiated social stressors contributed to depression. Women played a role as enablers of care, both for family members and acquaintances. Men were more resistant to help-seeking and tended to disengage from care. There was a distinct preference for service providers who understood the culture and spoke Tamil. Religious groups served a social support function. Family physicians and Tamil service providers in the social service sectors were identified as key players in the pathways to care. Service providers did not appear to understand the community’s holistic view of health; however, they did use their knowledge of the community to make adaptations to practice. Recommendations that result from these findings include health promotion and prevention strategies beyond the traditional health care system, targeted culture and gender-informed interventions, and the need for multisectoral collaborations.
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Books on the topic "Refugees – Sri Lanka"

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Robinson, Court. Sri Lanka: Island of refugees. Washington, D.C: U.S. Committee for Refugees, 1991.

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Naidoo, Josephine. The tragedy of Sri Lanka: Ethnic conflict and forced migration. Waterloo, Ont: Wilfrid Laurier University Printing Services, 1998.

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Sri Lanka) Regional Consultation on Refugee and Migratory Movements (2nd 1995 Colombo. Regional Consultation on Refugee and Migratory Movements, Colombo, Sri Lanka 25-27 September 1995. New Delhi: UNHCR Office of the Chief of Mission in India, 1995.

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Ruiz, Hiram A. Conflict and displacement in Sri Lanka: A U.S. Committee for Refugees site visit report. Washington, D.C: U.S. Committee for Refugees, 1997.

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Informal Regional Consultation on Refugee and Migratory Movements (6th 2001 Colombo, Sri Lanka). Sixth Informal Regional Consultation on Refugee and Migratory Movements: Colombo, Sri Lanka, 23-24 September, 2001. [Colombo: United Nations High Commissioner of Refugees, 2001.

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McDowell, Chris. A Tamil asylum diaspora: Sri Lankan migration, settlement and politics in Switzerland. Providence: Berghahn Books, 1996.

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Uragoda, C. G. Wildlife conservation in Sri Lanka: A history of Wildlife and Nature Protection Society of Sri Lanka, 1894-1994. Colombo: Wildlife and Nature Protection Society of Sri Lanka, 1994.

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1950-, Sudarsen V., ed. Between fear and hope: Sri Lankan refugees in Tamil Nadu. Chennai: T.R. Publications, 2000.

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Jones, Allen K. Time for decision: Sri Lankan Tamils in the west. Washington, D.C: U.S. Committee for Refugees, 1985.

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Pattin̲ātan̲, To. Tamil̲akattin̲ Īl̲a akatikaḷ. Nākarkōvil: Kālaccuvaṭu Patippakam, 2014.

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Book chapters on the topic "Refugees – Sri Lanka"

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Chowdhory, Nasreen. "The Politics of Accommodation and the Rights of Tamils in Sri Lanka." In Refugees, Citizenship and Belonging in South Asia, 73–106. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0197-1_4.

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Chowdhory, Nasreen. "Issues of Inclusion and Citizenship in Sri Lanka and Bangladesh: A Comparative Narrative." In Refugees, Citizenship and Belonging in South Asia, 145–74. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0197-1_6.

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Kulandai, Arockiam. "Causes of ethnic conflict in Sri Lanka, peace accords, Partition and the Bangladesh Liberation War in 1971." In Camp Life of Sri Lankan Refugees in India, 51–63. London: Routledge India, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429328336-4.

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Kulandai, Arockiam. "Tamil refugees from Sri Lanka under the new CAA and the politics around the issue in relation to Tamil Nadu." In Camp Life of Sri Lankan Refugees in India, 1–8. London: Routledge India, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429328336-1.

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Chowdhory, Nasreen. "State Formation, Marginality and Belonging: Contextualizing Rights of Refugees in India, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka." In Refugees, Citizenship and Belonging in South Asia, 43–71. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0197-1_3.

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Suryanarayan. "Resolve Sri Lankan refugee dilemma." In The Routledge Handbook of Refugees in India, 603–11. London: Routledge India, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003246800-57.

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Kulandai, Arockiam. "Camp life of Sri Lankan refugees in India." In Camp Life of Sri Lankan Refugees in India, 9–38. London: Routledge India, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429328336-2.

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Newman, Paul. "Sri Lankan Tamil refugees: a voiceless, undignified existence." In The Routledge Handbook of Refugees in India, 628–41. London: Routledge India, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003246800-59.

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Jayasuriya, Maryse. "Ethics and empathy in Sri Lankan representations of refugees." In Transcultural Humanities in South Asia, 366–77. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003039549-35.

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Albert, Louie. "Life-Livelihood-Dignity model of rehabilitation for Sri Lankan refugees." In The Routledge Handbook of Refugees in India, 664–73. London: Routledge India, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003246800-62.

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Conference papers on the topic "Refugees – Sri Lanka"

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Lakchan, A. H., and S. Udalamaththa. "IMPACTS OF LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE ON OUTDOOR INSECURITY IN URBAN HOUSING COMPLEXES." In Beyond sustainability reflections across spaces. Faculty of Architecture Research Unit, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31705/faru.2021.12.

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Housing is one of the most essential components of life, offering shelter, protection, and comfort, as well as a place to rest. When considering the Sri Lankan housing complexes Millennium city housing complex was highlighted mainly because of the crime incidents that happened inside the housing complex. This research is done to demonstrate and to investigate the application of landscape architecture for security on urban housing complexes based on Millennium city housing complex, using landscape character to reduce outdoor insecurity. Seven places in the millennium city housing complex premises were selected to apply the crime prevention through environmental design theory and to observe its effectiveness through structured interviews and by considering the police reports that were taken through Sri Lanka police Athurugiriya. Natural surveillance, Territorial reinforcement, Maintenance, Prospect, Refuge, and Escape factors are separately discussed in the analysis regarding the selected places. A sectional survey is done for further analysis. The outcome shows that the house settings and the landscape character affect the outdoor landscape safety of the residents. The study will be a source to better understand how landscape architecture can be applied for outdoor security in urban housing complexes.
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