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1
McBride, Jacquie, Andrew Block, and Alana Russo. "An integrated healthcare service for asylum seekers and refugees in the South-Eastern Region of Melbourne: Monash Health Refugee Health and Wellbeing." Australian Journal of Primary Health 23, no. 4 (2017): 323. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py16092.
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Asylum seekers and refugees generally have poorer health than the broader Australian population. However, these groups experience a range of barriers to accessing universal health services. Generalist and specialist refugee health services have been established in Australia to improve the health of humanitarian migrant groups. This article describes a refugee health service established in a high-settlement region of Melbourne, Australia, and explores clients’ experiences with the service. Client feedback was captured through interviews (n=18) and surveys (n=159). Participants reported high levels of satisfaction with the service, and highlighted the value in having trusting relationships with staff, access to bicultural workers, onsite interpreting services and integrated care. The findings indicate that it is possible to engage asylum seekers and refugees through healthcare delivery that is responsive to the unique needs of this priority population.
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Stevens, Christine A. "The Illusion of Social Inclusion: Cambodian Youth in South Australia." Diaspora: A Journal of Transnational Studies 4, no. 1 (March 1995): 59–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/diaspora.4.1.59.
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As a result of the turmoil in Cambodia during the 1970s, traditional Cambodian society was fundamentally altered: Cambodians were uprooted, and after the Vietnamese invasion in 1978, thousands fled to camps on the Thai-Cambodian border, where many sought and were selected for resettlement in other countries. Approximately 12,000 Cambodians were accepted for resettlement in Australia as refugees in the period 1975-85, with approximately 2,500 settling in South Australia. The emigrants to South Australia were youthful, with 51% of all arrivals in the period 1979-85 aged 19 years or less (Stevens). Since this period when refugees first arrived in Australia from Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam, the social adaptation of refugee youth has been little researched. Generally, young people have been but one of the age groups included in large-scale surveys or in-depth studies, such as those by Wendy Poussard, Nancy Viviani, and others, that focused on the early stages of resettlement. The research that has focused on refugee youth has concentrated on educational achievement (Spearritt and Colman; Kelly and Bennoun; Chan; Mundy) or mental health status and adjustment (Krupinski and Burrows). At a time of ongoing debate about the size and nature of the immigrant intake, and concern that the resulting cultural diversity may foster ethnic conflicts and endanger social cohesion, this lack of research on the social aspects of the settlement process young refugees from Southeast Asia undertake is a significant omission.
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Manchikanti, Prashanti, I.-Hao Cheng, Jenny Advocat, and Grant Russell. "Acceptability of general practice services for Afghan refugees in south-eastern Melbourne." Australian Journal of Primary Health 23, no. 1 (2017): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py16020.
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Over 750000 refugees have resettled in Australia since 1945. Despite complex health needs related to prior traumatic experiences and the challenges of resettlement in a foreign country, refugees experience poor access to primary care. Health and settlement service providers describe numerous cultural, communication, financial and health literacy barriers. This study aimed to investigate the acceptability of general practitioner (GP) services and understand what aspects of acceptability are relevant for Afghan refugees in south-eastern Melbourne. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with two Afghan community leaders and 16 Dari- or English-speaking Afghan refugees who accessed GP services. Two distinct narratives emerged – those of recently arrived refugees and established refugees (living in Australia for 3 years or longer). Transecting these narratives, participants indicated the importance of: (1) a preference for detailed clinical assessments, diagnostic investigations and the provision of prescriptions at the first consultation; (2) ‘refugee-friendly’ staff; and (3) integrated, ‘one-stop-shop’ GP clinic features. The value of acceptable personal characteristics evolved over time – GP acceptability was less a consideration for recently arrived, compared with more, established refugees. The findings reinforce the importance of tailoring healthcare delivery to the evolving needs and healthcare expectations of newly arrived and established refugees respectively.
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Chandra, Meena, Anthea Duri, and Mitchell Smith. "Prevalence of chronic disease risk factors in 35- to 44-year-old humanitarian arrivals to New South Wales (NSW), Australia." Australian Journal of Primary Health 25, no. 1 (2019): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py18042.
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The aim of this study is to compare the prevalence of chronic disease risk factors in humanitarian arrivals to Sydney, New South Wales (NSW) with the Australian Indigenous and non-Indigenous populations aged 35–44 years. Data on risk factors collected from 237 refugees presenting to the NSW Refugee Health Service (RHS) from January 2015 to August 2016 were retrospectively analysed and compared with data from the Australian Health Surveys, 2011–13 for the Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australian populations. This study found significantly higher levels of triglycerides (z=3; 95% CI, 0.16–0.26); hypertension (z=3.2; 95% CI, 0.17–0.29); and smoking (z=3.5; 95% CI, 0.27–0.33) in refugees compared with the general Australian population. The Indigenous population had significantly higher levels of triglycerides (z=4; 95% CI, 0.16–0.26); body mass indexes (BMIs) (z=3.3; 95% CI 0.58–0.72); and smoking (z=5.4; 95 CI 0.27–0.33) compared with refugees. Based on the study findings, screening for chronic disease risk factors from age 35 years may be warranted in all humanitarian arrivals to Australia, along with dietary and lifestyle advice.
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King, Svetlana M., Neil Welch, and Larry Owens. "Serbian Stories of Translocation: Factors Influencing the Refugee Journey Arising from the Balkan Conflicts of the 1990s." Journal of Pacific Rim Psychology 4, no. 1 (May 1, 2010): 61–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/prp.4.1.61.
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AbstractThis qualitative study highlights the experiences of ten Serbian refugees who migrated to South Australia from former Yugoslavia as a result of the Balkan conflicts of the 1990s. Multiple semi-structured interviews were employed to examine participants' experiences before, during and after the conflicts. Eight stages of the refugee journey were identified: prewar peaceful co-existence, outbreak of war, fleeing towards refuge in Serbian-held territory, realisation that the pre-war life cannot be regained, dissatisfaction with the family's transition situation, decision and application to emigrate, migration and resettlement in Australia, and adaptation to life in Australia. A number of factors were found to influence each stage of the refugee journey (e.g., social, practical and health challenges, age, and negative Serbian stereotypes). From these findings, three adaptation patterns — active integration, passive integration, and segregation — were identified as specific to the participants in the current study.
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Lillee, Alyssa, Aesen Thambiran, and Jonathan Laugharne. "Evaluating the mental health of recently arrived refugee adults in Western Australia." Journal of Public Mental Health 14, no. 2 (June 15, 2015): 56–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpmh-05-2013-0033.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to measure the levels of psychological distress in adults entering Western Australia (WA) as refugees through the Australian Humanitarian Programme. To determine if the introduction of mental health screening instruments impacts on the level of referrals for further psychological/psychiatric assessment and treatment. Design/methodology/approach – Participants were 300 consecutive consenting refugee adults attending the Humanitarian Entrant Health Service in Perth, WA. This service is government funded for the general health screening of refugees. The Kessler-10 (K10) and the World Health Organisation’s post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) screener were the principal outcome measures used. Findings – Refugees had a high rate of current probable PTSD (17.2 per cent) as measured with the PTSD screener and mean K10 scores were significantly higher than general population norms. The K10 showed high accuracy for discriminating those with or without probable PTSD. Being married and having more children increased the risk of probable PTSD. In regard to region of origin, refugees from Western and Southern Asia had significantly higher scores on both screeners followed by those from Africa with those from South-Eastern Asia having the lowest scores. Referral rate for psychiatric/psychological treatment was 18 per cent compared to 4.2 per cent in the year prior to the study. Practical implications – This study demonstrates increased psychological distress including a high rate of probable PTSD in a recently arrived multi-ethnic refugee population and also demonstrates significant variations based on region of origin. In addition, it supports the feasibility of using brief screening instruments to improve identification and referral of refugees with significant psychological distress in the context of a comprehensive general medical review. Originality/value – This was an Australian study conducted in a non-psychiatric setting. The outcomes of this study pertain to refugee mental health assessed in a general health setting. The implications of the study findings are of far reaching relevance, inclusive of primary care doctors and general physicians as well as mental health clinicians. In particular the authors note that the findings of this study are to the authors’ knowledge unique in the refugee mental health literature as the participants are recently arrived refugees from diverse ethnic groups.
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Anderson, Heather, Shepard Masocha, and Neelu Sharma. "We are all confident to speak: Using radio as a tool of resettlement for young people of refugee background." Journal of Alternative & Community Media 4, no. 3 (October 1, 2019): 99–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/joacm_00061_1.
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Settlement presents a significant challenge for refugees compared to other migrants, given the forced, and often traumatic, nature of their resettlement, but despite this, many refugees arrive in Australia with the tools to positively face new challenges in their settlement and as a result have a very high chance of making a good life for themselves in Australia. This paper discusses the ways community media production can be utilised to investigate solutions to the resettlement challenges faced by young people of refugee background. It draws on findings from a pilot research project that involved young people with refugee experience in media and radio production, as well as broadcasting on an internet radio station at the University of South Australia. The findings suggest, preliminarily at least, that participation in community media can have a beneficial effect on a young persons settlement experience, in line with perceptions of what constitutes successful resettlement.
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Davies, Bronwyn. "Encounters with Difference and the Entangled Enlivening of Being." Departures in Critical Qualitative Research 7, no. 4 (2018): 30–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/dcqr.2018.7.4.30.
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This essay explores the encounters through which individuals and their communities are territorialized and deterritorialized. Thinking through Henri Bergson's lines of ascent and descent, this article looks at migration and seeking refuge. It makes links between the colonization of New South Wales, Australia, and its people in the late 1700s, and the treatment of present-day refugees caught indefinitely in Australian offshore detention centers. It draws on stories of the author's own territorialization as a child and seeks new ways of understanding encounters with difference, and movement across borders.
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Abur, William, and Charles Mphande. "Mental Health and Wellbeing of South Sudanese-Australians." Journal of Asian and African Studies 55, no. 3 (October 16, 2019): 412–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021909619880294.
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The majority of South Sudanese-Australians arrived in Australia, and other host countries outside Africa, after spending a greater part of their lives in refugee camps or conflict-affected areas. In addition, refugees are often not able to return to their home countries because the causes of their departure (wars, insecurity, hunger) continue to apply in their country of origin. The purpose of this paper is to examine some of the mental health and wellbeing issues some South Sudanese-Australians experience as a result of settlement difficulties and their earlier experience of conflict. The study looks at experiences of resettlement and settlement difficulties, and, more importantly, mental health and wellbeing issues in the wake of the aforesaid challenges. The data was collected from a qualitative method which comprised a series of semi-structured, one-on-one interviews with a total of 20 South Sudanese-Australians living in Melbourne. There were 11 males and nine females, with ages ranging from 18 to 64 years, who volunteered to participate in this study. Findings indicated that, as with many other people from refugee backgrounds, South Sudanese-Australians face a range of settlement-related challenges, and a host of post-resettlement adaptation experiences such as limited change of gender roles, language proficiency, unemployment, host society unacceptance or intolerance, constrained recreational opportunities, lack of community connectedness and overall mental health and general wellbeing issues. Experiencing conflict can be traumatic and refuge in neighbouring countries that are socio-culturally different can be challenging. In conclusion, these issues can not only be troublesome on a day-to-day basis, but also adversely affect the long-term mental health and wellbeing of refugees.
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Clark, Alice, Andrew Gilbert, Deepa Rao, and Lorraine Kerr. "‘Excuse me, do any of you ladies speak English?’ Perspectives of refugee women living in South Australia: barriers to accessing primary health care and achieving the Quality Use of Medicines." Australian Journal of Primary Health 20, no. 1 (2014): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py11118.
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Reforms to the Australian health system aim to ensure that services are accessible, clinically and culturally appropriate, timely and affordable. During the reform consultation process there were urgent calls from stakeholders to specifically consider the health needs of the thousands of refugees who settle here each year, but little is known about what is needed from the refugee perspective. Access to health services is a basic requirement of achieving the quality use of medicines, as outlined in Australia’s National Medicines Policy. This study aimed to identify the barriers to accessing primary health care services and explore medicine-related issues as experienced by refugee women in South Australia. Thirty-six women participated in focus groups with accredited and community interpreters and participants were from Sudan, Burundi, Congo, Burma, Afghanistan and Bhutan who spoke English (as a second language), Chin, Matu, Dari and Nepali. The main barrier to accessing primary health care and understanding GPs and pharmacists was not being able to speak or comprehend English. Interpreter services were used inconsistently or not at all. To implement the health reforms and achieve the quality use of medicines, refugees, support organisations, GPs, pharmacists and their staff require education, training and support.
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Bulbeck, Chilla. "The ‘white worrier’ in South Australia." Journal of Sociology 40, no. 4 (December 2004): 341–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1440783304048379.
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In his analysis of ‘paranoid nationalism’, Hage (2003: xii, 2) coins the figure of the ‘white worrier’ to identify how white Australians marginalized by the inequalities of economic rationalism and globalization displace their anxieties onto even weaker ‘others’, Aboriginal people and migrants, particularly refugees. Hage’s ideas are applied to the discourses used by young South Australians when they discuss Australian multiculturalism, immigration and reconciliation. Hage’s suggestion that white worrying is the response of the white working class male to his economic and ideological marginalization is only partially supported in this sample of young people. While those from non-English speaking and Indigenous backgrounds are much less likely to be ‘paranoid nationalists’, fear and loathing of the other are expressed across the socio-economic spectrum of young ‘white’ Australians, with exposure to a university education, either on the part of respondents or their parents, being the main antidote to hostile attitudes to the ‘other’.
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Ziersch, Anna, Moira Walsh, Clemence Due, and Alex Reilly. "Temporary Refugee and Migration Visas in Australia: An Occupational Health and Safety Hazard." International Journal of Health Services 51, no. 4 (January 28, 2021): 531–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020731420980688.
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Employment and work-related exploitation and discrimination are important social determinants of health. However, little is known about the experiences of people on temporary visas in Australia, particularly those on refugee visas. This article reports on a study of people living on temporary visas in South Australia and their experiences of workforce exploitation and discrimination and impacts on health. Interviews were conducted with 30 people: 11 on non-refugee temporary visas and 19 on refugee temporary visas. Data was analyzed thematically. Analysis identified experiences of exploitation and discrimination in the Australian labor market that included difficulties securing work, underpayment, overwork, and hazardous workplaces. These experiences had negative health effects, particularly on mental health. None had made a formal complaint about their treatment, citing the precarity of their visas, difficulties finding an alternative job, and lack of knowledge about what to do. The impacts were especially evident for refugees who were also grappling with pre-settlement trauma and ongoing uncertainties about their future protection. Overall, these findings of discrimination and exploitation in the workplace and subsequent ill health highlight the pervasive impact of neoliberal agendas and stress the need for industrial, immigration, and welfare reform to protect workers on temporary visas.
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Timlin, Mark, Alana Russo, and Jacquie McBride. "Building capacity in primary health care to respond to the needs of asylum seekers and refugees in Melbourne, Australia: the 'GP Engagement' initiative." Australian Journal of Primary Health 26, no. 1 (2020): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py18190.
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Asylum seekers and refugees experience poorer health than the broader Australian population. Universal primary healthcare services play an integral role in supporting and optimising the health and wellbeing of these communities. However, clinical-level issues frequently compromise the quality of care provided to these groups. The ‘GP Engagement’ initiative, implemented in the south-eastern region of Melbourne, aimed to build capacity within universal primary health care to respond to the needs of asylum seekers and refugees. This involved engaging general practice clinics, resourcing them with tools and frameworks, and undertaking collaborative problem-solving on refugee issues. Evaluation methods included: rigorous record keeping; pre- and post-practice assessments guided by a self-reported ‘12-Point Checklist’; and participant feedback. Findings from 57 participating health professionals indicated changes in the way that GPs work with asylum seekers and refugees. ‘GP Engagement’ suggests that it is possible to build primary healthcare responsiveness to asylum seekers and refugees through a strategic regional approach that is firmly grounded in evidence-based practice and considerate of the requirements and constraints of GPs.
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Njue, Carolyne, Andrew Hayen, and Angela J. Dawson. "Models of maternal and child healthcare for African refugees: protocol for an exploratory, mixed-methods study." BMJ Open 10, no. 6 (June 2020): e038162. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-038162.
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IntroductionThere is a paucity of research examining models of maternal and child health (MCH) care for refugees in high-income countries. Attention has focused on tailoring existing healthcare services to meet the needs of this population and ensure accessible high-quality patient-centred care. This protocol reports the methodology of a study designed to identify models of care for African refugees in New South Wales (NSW), Australia, to determine the evidence for these models and the improvements necessary to best meet service needs that can be delivered in line with available resources, organisational readiness and capacity to implement.Methods and analysisThis multiphased, participatory research project will employ an exploratory, mixed-methods design. Preparatory activities involve a situational analysis of current MCH services for African refugees and associated policies and guidelines in NSW. We will consult key health service providers and analyse Australian census and settlement data to identify refugee communities and their relation to healthcare services. Phase 1 will ascertain the MCH care needs of African refugees and appropriate service models using: a Delphi survey with health service managers and providers, a nominal group process with African women refugees and; key informant interviews with senior health service managers. This data will be synthesised to provide insight into appropriate models-of-care that could be implemented. These will be discussed in a stakeholder workshop. Phase 2 will comprise a readiness-to-change survey with a selection of providers to explore the willingness, commitment and efficacy of staff members to adopt such models-of-care.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval was granted by NSW Health. Findings will be disseminated to all stakeholders at a knowledge exchange forum to inform the development of a high-quality MCH service delivery model that can be feasibly implemented specifically for African refugee communities.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42018095564.
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Kavian, Foorough, Kaye Mehta, Eileen Willis, Lillian Mwanri, Paul Ward, and Sue Booth. "Migration, Stress and the Challenges of Accessing Food: An Exploratory Study of the Experience of Recent Afghan Women Refugees in Adelaide, Australia." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 4 (February 21, 2020): 1379. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17041379.
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This study explored the migration and food experiences of Afghani women refugees residing in Adelaide, South Australia for 2 years or less. In-depth semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with 10 women between May and September 2017. The data were thematically analysed, and the Social Determinants of Health Framework was used to discuss the findings. Five key themes emerged from the data. In the transition country (Iran/Pakistan), respondents experienced (i) trauma, discrimination and exclusion and (ii) familiar food culture, but food stress. In the destination country (Adelaide, Australia) respondents experienced (iii) a sense of precariousness, (iv) unfamiliar food culture and (v) challenges in accessing halal food. Afghani refugees experienced considerable stressors both in the transition and the final destination country but for different reasons. In the transition country, stresses related to the lack of social services and support, discrimination, racism and poverty seemed to have affected their ability to afford food. In Australia stressors pertaining to socioeconomic, housing and employment precariousness, as well as difficulties in accessing halal foods were identified as challenges. Furthermore, food stress in Australia was associated with the cultural appropriateness of food, the complexity of the food system, and the women’s lack of skills and experiences in navigating the food system. With increasing refugee and immigration flows globally, it is necessary to acknowledge how food and social determinants intersect for refugee immigrants to ensure positive health outcomes.
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Maldari, Toni, Natasha Elsley, and Razlyn Abdul Rahim. "The health status of newly arrived Syrian refugees at the Refugee Health Service, South Australia, 2016." Australian Journal of General Practice 48, no. 7 (July 1, 2019): 480–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.31128/ajgp-09-18-4696.
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Williams, Nombasa. "A Critical Review of the Literature: Engendering the Discourse of Masculinities Matter for Parenting African Refugee Men." American Journal of Men's Health 5, no. 2 (December 29, 2009): 104–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557988309346055.
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According to the literature on culturally and linguistically diverse parenting, refugee parenting practices and styles that are normative in countries of origin may not be sanctioned in Australia. In the case of refugee parenting, beliefs, practices, and values may be decentered in pre-resettlement contexts where survival becomes the primary concern. Engendering the discourse of masculinities to reflect a relationship between child protection and the experience of refugee parenting for African men in both pre- and post-resettlement contexts will inform culturally competent practice, intervention, and community development that is inclusive of their gender-specific needs. This article brings an expanded masculinities perspective to the ecology of refugee parenting for resettled African men resulting from larger research findings with focus group participants. Incorporating notions of masculinity into the child protection discourse is an attempt not only to reduce existing gender under- and misrepresentation among South Australian refugees but also to ensure greater visibility and increase the role of refugee men in the process of developing culturally relevant and appropriate policies, practices, and services to assist successful resettlement transitions while strengthening family well-being. The concept of masculinities, this article argues, must be treated as integral to any approach to working with refugees, particularly in areas that penetrate and may define the quality of their life experiences, expectations, and aspirations. Masculinities matter. Exploring refugee male perceptions, interpretations, and enactment of masculinity may unmask the differential experiences of refugee women from men and ensure the integration and operationalization of these differences into child protection services and practice.
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Jung, Kyungja, Bronwen Dalton, and Jacqueline Willis. "The onward migration of North Korean refugees to Australia: in search of cosmopolitan habitus." Cosmopolitan Civil Societies: An Interdisciplinary Journal 9, no. 3 (December 1, 2017): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/ccs.v9i3.5506.
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Based on assumed common ethnicity, language and culture, South Korea is believed to be the best country for North Korean defectors to restart their lives. This is, however, not necessarily the case. Since the mid-2000s, 2000 to 3000 North Koreans have allegedly settled in the UK, Canada, the US, Australia and EU countries. Despite this trend and its broader implications, the onward migration process of North Korean refugees, together with their motivations and lived experiences, remain poorly addressed in academic research. Drawing from the unique experience of North Korean refugees’ onward movement to Australia, the paper suggests that discarding a North Korean identity and habitus and gaining cosmopolitan habitus are the main reasons behind North Korean defectors’ onward migration. The paper is the first empirical study on North Korean refugees resettled in Australia to adopt habitus as a theoretical framework, and thus provides new insight into migration studies.
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Ziaian, Tahereh, Helena de Anstiss, Georgia Antoniou, Peter Baghurst, and Michael Sawyer. "Resilience and Its Association with Depression, Emotional and Behavioural Problems, and Mental Health Service Utilisation among Refugee Adolescents Living in South Australia." International Journal of Population Research 2012 (June 20, 2012): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/485956.
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Background. Despite the frequency of traumatic or stressful events experienced by refugee children and adolescents prior to migration and following resettlement, the majority do not experience mental health problems emphasising the critical nature of resilience. While a host of factors deemed to be protective of mental health in young refugees have been identified, there has been little research exploring the role of resilience as a distinct psychological construct. This study aimed to explore the nature of psychological resilience in refugee adolescents and the relationship between resilience and depression, other emotional and behavioural problems, and mental health service uptake. Method. One hundred and seventy multiethnic refugee adolescents aged 13–17 from South Australia were administered a survey comprising the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), Children’s Depression Inventory (CDI), and Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Results. Females tended to have higher resilience, as did those adolescents who had been living in Australia longer. Adolescents suffering from depressive symptoms or other emotional or behavioural problems had lower resilience. There was little evidence of an association between resilience scores and exposure to trauma or service utilisation. Discussion. Fostering resilience may be critical to efforts to prevent or reduce mental health problems in refugee adolescents.
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Correa-Velez, Ignacio, Adrian G. Barnett, Sandra M. Gifford, and Donata Sackey. "Health status and use of health services among recently arrived men with refugee backgrounds: a comparative analysis of urban and regional settlement in South-east Queensland." Australian Journal of Primary Health 17, no. 1 (2011): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py10051.
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Approximately one-third of refugee and humanitarian entrants to Australia are adult men. Many of these men and their families settle in regional areas. Little is known about the health status of refugee men and the use of health services, and whether or not there are differences between those living in urban and regional areas. This paper reports on the cross-sectional differences in health status and use of health services among a group of 233 recently arrived refugee men living in urban and regional areas of South-east Queensland. Overall, participants reported good levels of subjective health status, moderate to good levels of well-being, and low prevalence of mental illness. Men living in urban areas were more likely to have a long-standing illness and report poorer health status than those settled in regional areas. In contrast, men living in regional areas reported poorer levels of well-being in the environment domain and were more likely to visit hospital emergency departments. Targeted health promotion programs will ensure that refugee men remain healthy and develop their full potential as members of the Australian community. Programs that facilitate refugees’ access to primary health care in regional areas may promote more appropriate use of hospital emergency departments by these communities.
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Mude, William Wingard, Christopher M. Fisher, Roslyn Le Gautier, Jack Wallace, and Jacqueline A. Richmond. "South Sudanese perceptions of health and illness in South Australia." International Journal of Migration, Health and Social Care 16, no. 4 (October 23, 2020): 469–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijmhsc-10-2019-0082.
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Purpose South Sudanese people form the largest number of resettled refugees in Australia between 2003 and 2004. This study aims to explore how this community understands and responds to health and illness. No study has specifically examined the concept of health and illness in the broader socio-cultural context of the South Sudanese people in Australia. Design/methodology/approach The design was a qualitative study using interviews and focus group discussions with 33 South Sudanese people in Adelaide, South Australia. Participants were asked to reflect on their understanding of health and illness and influences on their access and use of health and other services. Data were electronically audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically. Findings Three main themes emerged from the analysis demonstrating complex and multifaceted views on health and illness. Participants described health as both a lack of disease and wider issues involving social belonging and participation, cultural well-being, living conditions and harmony in the society. They revealed that illnesses are predetermined by God or caused by a curse, breaking a cultural taboo, disharmony with the environment, community and ancestral spirits. Participants deeply tied their beliefs about illness causation and treatment to their historical, social and cultural lived realities, shaping their responses and health-care-seeking decisions. Originality/value The current study revealed a complex understanding of health and health-care-seeking practices amongst South Sudanese Australians. The multifaceted views of health and health-care-seeking practices underscore the importance of person-centred care for culturally and linguistically diverse people.
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Bellamy, Kim, Remo Ostini, Nataly Martini, and Therese Kairuz. "Access to medication and pharmacy services for resettled refugees: a systematic review." Australian Journal of Primary Health 21, no. 3 (2015): 273. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py14121.
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The difficulties that resettled refugees experience in accessing primary health-care services have been widely documented. In most developed countries, pharmacists are often the first health-care professional contacted by consumers; however, the ability of refugees to access community pharmacies and medication may be limited. This review systematically reviewed the literature and synthesised findings of research that explored barriers and/or facilitators of access to medication and pharmacy services for resettled refugees. This review adhered to guidelines for systematic reviews by PRISMA (preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses). Databases were searched during March 2014 and included Scopus, ProQuest Sociological Abstracts, PubMed, Embase and APAIS Health. The Australian and International grey literature was also explored. Nine studies met the quality and inclusion criteria. The research reported in seven of the nine studies was conducted in the US, one was conducted in Australia and the other in the UK. The majority of studies focussed on South-east Asian refugees. Themes identified across the studies included language and the use of interpreters; navigating the Western health-care system; culture and illness beliefs; medication non-adherence; use of traditional medicine; and family, peer and community support. There is a significant paucity of published research exploring barriers to medication and pharmacy services among resettled refugees. This systematic review highlights the need for appropriate interpreting and translation services, as well as pharmacy staff demonstrating effective cross-cultural communication skills.
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Abdul Rahim, Nur R., Jill Benson, Kathryn Grocke, Deeva Vather, Jessica Zimmerman, Tessa Moody, and Lillian Mwanri. "Prevalence ofHelicobacter pyloriinfection in newly arrived refugees attending the Migrant Health Service, South Australia." Helicobacter 22, no. 2 (September 22, 2016): e12360. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/hel.12360.
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Kibreab, Gaim. "Citizenship Rights and Repatriation of Refugees." International Migration Review 37, no. 1 (March 2003): 24–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-7379.2003.tb00129.x.
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This article examines the relationship between access to or lack of access to citizenship rights in countries of asylum and the propensity of refugees to return. It hypothesizes that in situations where refugees enjoy civil, social and economic citizenship rights in the context of favorable structural factors — relatively secure employment, self-employment, social services such as housing, schools, health care and social security – the importance of repatriation may diminish as a viable option. In North America, Western Europe, Australia and New Zealand, where refugees are able to enjoy rights of citizenship with definite prospects for becoming citizens (through naturalization) or denizens through acquisition of permanent status, and where favorable structural factors provide for the enjoyment of a decent standard of living, they tend to remain regardless of whether the conditions that prompted displacement are eliminated. The policy environments and the structural factors for refugees sheltering in Less Developed Countries (LDCs) are the antithesis of those refugees in Developed Countries (DCs). As a result, millions of refugees in the South have been ‘voting with their feet’ homewards to recoup citizenship rights which they lost in connection with displacement and which they have been unable to achieve in exile.
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Reid, Janice, Derrick Silove, and Ruth Tarn. "The Development of the New South Wales Service for the Treatment and Rehabilitation of Torture and Trauma Survivors (Startts): The First Year." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 24, no. 4 (December 1990): 486–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00048679009062904.
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Many immigrants to Australia are refugees, some of whom have experienced acute stress and trauma, including torture, prior to or during their escape from their home countries. In response to a growing recognition that the health care services may not be meeting the needs of these people the NSW Department of Health funded the establishment of a community-based rehabilitation service for traumatised refugees. This paper provides an overview of the recent history of the service, some of the organisational and staffing issues faced during its first year, some characteristics of the first 200 clients, principles of treatment, clinical, nosological and therapeutic issues and relationships with other agencies.
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Ahmed, Bayes. "Who takes responsibility for the climate refugees?" International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management 10, no. 1 (January 8, 2018): 5–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijccsm-10-2016-0149.
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Purpose “No climate change, no climate refugees”. On the basis of this theme, this paper aims to propose a method for undertaking the responsibility for climate refugees literally uprooted by liable climate polluting countries. It also considers the historical past, culture, geopolitics, imposed wars, economic oppression and fragile governance to understand the holistic scenario of vulnerability to climate change. Design/methodology/approach This paper is organized around three distinct aspects of dealing with extreme climatic events – vulnerability as part of making the preparedness and response process fragile (past), climate change as a hazard driver (present) and rehabilitating the climate refugees (future). Bangladesh is used as an example that represents a top victim country to climatic extreme events from many countries with similar baseline characteristics. The top 20 countries accounting for approximately 82 per cent of the total global carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions are considered for model development by analysing the parameters – per capita CO2 emissions, ecological footprint, gross national income and human development index. Findings Results suggest that under present circumstances, Australia and the USA each should take responsibility of 10 per cent each of the overall global share of climate refugees, followed by Canada and Saudi Arabia (9 per cent each), South Korea (7 per cent) and Russia, Germany and Japan (6 per cent each). As there is no international convention for protecting climate refugees yet, the victims either end up in detention camps or are refused shelter in safer places or countries. There is a dire need to address the climate refugee crisis as these people face greater political risks. Originality/value This paper provides a critical overview of accommodating the climate refugees (those who have no means for bouncing back) by the liable countries. It proposes an innovative method by considering the status of climate pollution, resource consumption, economy and human development rankings to address the problem by bringing humanitarian justice to the ultimate climate refugees.
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Alunaza, Hardi, Ireng Maulana, and Adityo Darmawan Sudagung. "The Pacific Solution as Australia Policy towards Asylum Seeker and Irregular Maritime Arrivals (IMAs) in John Howard Era." Jurnal Ilmiah Hubungan Internasional 14, no. 1 (May 9, 2018): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.26593/jihi.v14i1.2789.61-75.
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<p>This research is attempted to answer the question of why John Howard used the Pacific Solution as Australian policy towards Asylum Seekers and Irregular Maritime Arrivals (IMAS). By using the descriptive method with a qualitative approach, the researchers took a specific interest in decision-making theory and sovereignty concept to analyze the phenomena. The policy governing the authority of the Australian Government in the face of the Asylum Seeker by applying multiple strategies to suppress and deter IMAs. The results of this research indicate that John Howard used Pacific Solution with emphasis on three important aspects. First, eliminating migration zone in Australia. Second, building cooperation with third countries in the South Pacific, namely Nauru and Papua New Guinea in shaping the center of IMAs defense. On the other hand, Howard also made some amendments to the Migration Act by reducing the rights of refugees. Immigrants who are seen as a factor of progress and development of the State Australia turned into a new dimension that threatens economic development, security, and socio-cultural. </p>
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Scott, Rachel Elizabeth. "Refugee Youth Leverage Social, Physical, and Digital Information to Enact Information Literacy." Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 12, no. 4 (December 30, 2017): 253. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/b8th4w.
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A Review of:
Lloyd, A., & Wilkinson, J. (2017). Tapping into the information landscape: Refugee youth enactment of information literacy in everyday spaces. Journal of Librarianship and Information Science. Advance online publication. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0961000617709058
Abstract
Objective – To describe the ways in which refugee youth use everyday information to support their learning.
Design – Photo voice technique, a process by which the population under consideration is provided with cameras and asked to visually document an aspect of their experience.
Setting – Social agency in New South Wales, Australia
Subjects – Fifteen 16-25 year old refugees resettled from South Sudan or Afghanistan
Methods – Three workshops were conducted. In the first, participants learned how to use the cameras and the protocols for participation. Between the first and second workshops, participants took several photographs of places, sources and types of information that were personally meaningful. In the second workshop, participants were first split into small groups to share and discuss the five images that they selected as their most important information sources and later reconvened as a large group in which participants again shared and discussed their images. In the third and final workshop, the authors shared their findings and analysis with the participants and invited discussion. The authors analyzed both photos and group transcripts from the workshops using Charmaz’s constant comparative method.
Main Results – Refugee youth use digital, vernacular, meditational, and visual literacies in everyday settings in to order to understand and create their new information landscapes. Information literacy enactment is agile and responsive to context.
Conclusion – Engaging with digital, vernacular, and visual information in a variety of contexts is central to how young refugees (re)form their information landscapes.
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Sofyan, Nurchalis. "الحقائق الاجتماعية في رواية الأرواح المتمردة." Jurnal Ilmiah Islam Futura 18, no. 1 (October 7, 2019): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.22373/jiif.v18i1.5247.
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Lebanon refugees are the most numerous immigrants among other Arab countries. Substantially, the Lebanese immigration occurred in the period of 1860-1914 with a total of approximately 330,000 refugees. Massive immigration is happening to Arab countries, North America, South America, Africa, Australia, and Europe. Historians claim that the cause of the massive immigration is a conflict between religions and political suppression. Researcher wanted to examine other factors that cause immigration, which was written in the novel Al-Arwāḥal-Mutamarridah by Jibrān Khalīl Jibrān, which describes events that took place in Lebanon at that time. So as works of art, the novel also reveals the historical facts. This research led to the conclusion that some expressions in this novel identify the factors that contribute to the Lebanese immigration, which is not revealed in the history books.
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Schech, Susanne. "Seeing like a region: parliamentary discourses on asylum seekers and refugees in Scotland and South Australia." Population, Space and Place 18, no. 1 (November 29, 2010): 58–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/psp.649.
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Puvimanasinghe, Teresa, Linley A. Denson, Martha Augoustinos, and Daya Somasundaram. "Vicarious resilience and vicarious traumatisation: Experiences of working with refugees and asylum seekers in South Australia." Transcultural Psychiatry 52, no. 6 (March 20, 2015): 743–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1363461515577289.
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Ziaian, Tahereh, Emily Miller, Helena de Anstiss, Teresa Puvimanasinghe, Maureen Dollard, Adrian Esterman, Helen Barrie, and Tamara Stewart-Jones. "Refugee Youth and Transition to Further Education, Training, and Employment in Australia: Protocol for a Mixed Methods Study." JMIR Research Protocols 8, no. 7 (July 31, 2019): e12632. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/12632.
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Background Young people with refugee experiences are widely acknowledged as encountering multiple disadvantages that affect their school completion and retention, university entry, and subsequent employment. This paper discusses the rationale for and protocol of a mixed methods investigation focusing on improving education and employment outcomes among refugee background youth aged 15 to 24 years from three focus regions: the Middle East (Afghanistan, Iran, Iraq, Syria), South Asia (Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar/Burma, Pakistan) and Africa (Sudan, South Sudan, Liberia, Ethiopia, Somalia, DR Congo). Objective The rationale of the project is to identify the facilitators and barriers to successful transition from school to further education and employment; investigate participant awareness of support systems available when faced with education and employment difficulties; redress the disadvantages encountered by refugee background youth; and bridge the gap between research, policy, and practice in relation to social inclusion and participation. Methods The study involves collecting survey data from 600 youth followed by individual interviews with a subset of 60 youth, their parents/primary caregivers, and their teachers. A cross-sectional survey will assess facilitators and barriers to successful transition from school to further education and employment. Individual interviews will provide context-rich data on key issues relevant to education and employment outcomes. Results The study began in 2016 and is due for completion by the end of 2019. The quantitative survey has been conducted with 635 participants and was closed in March 2019. The qualitative interview stage is ongoing, and the current total in April 2019 is 93 participants including educators, youth, and family members of the youth. Analysis and presentation of results will be available in 2020. Some preliminary findings will be available during the late half of 2019. Conclusions This project will contribute new and unique insights to knowledge in relation to key factors influencing education and employment outcomes among refugee youth. This research will enable effective planning for the needs of some of Australia’s most disadvantaged and marginalized young people, leading to a sustainable improvement in the education and employability of young refugees. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/12632
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Marks, Guy B., Jun Bai, Sheila E. Simpson, Gregory J. Stewart, and Elizabeth A. Sullivan. "The incidence of tuberculosis in a cohort of South-East Asian refugees arriving in Australia 1984-94." Respirology 6, no. 1 (March 2001): 71–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1843.2001.00300.x.
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Marks, Guy B., Jun Bai, Sheila E. Simpson, Gregory J. Stewart, and Elizabeth A. Sullivan. "The incidence of tuberculosis in a cohort of South‐East Asian refugees arriving in Australia 1984–94." Respirology 6, no. 1 (March 2001): 71–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1843.2001.00300.x.
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Fauk, Nelsensius Klau, Anna Ziersch, Hailay Gesesew, Paul Ward, Erin Green, Enaam Oudih, Roheena Tahir, and Lillian Mwanri. "Migrants and Service Providers’ Perspectives of Barriers to Accessing Mental Health Services in South Australia: A Case of African Migrants with a Refugee Background in South Australia." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 17 (August 24, 2021): 8906. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18178906.
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International mobility has increased steadily in recent times, bringing along a myriad of health, social and health system challenges to migrants themselves and the host nations. Mental health issues have been identified as a significant problem among migrants, with poor accessibility and underutilisation of the available mental health services (MHSs) repeatedly reported, including in Australia. Using a qualitative inquiry and one-on-one in-depth interviews, this study explored perspectives of African migrants and service providers on barriers to accessing MHSs among African migrants in South Australia. The data collection took place during the COVID-19 pandemic with lockdown and other measures to combat the pandemic restricting face to face meetings with potential participants. Online platforms including Zoom and/or WhatsApp video calls were used to interview 20 African migrants and 10 service providers. Participants were recruited from community groups and/or associations, and organisations providing services for migrants and/or refugees in South Australia using the snowball sampling technique. Thematic framework analysis was used to guide the data analysis. Key themes centred on personal factors (health literacy including knowledge and the understanding of the health system, and poor financial condition), structural factors related to difficulties in navigating the complexity of the health system and a lack of culturally aware service provision, sociocultural and religious factors, mental health stigma and discrimination. The findings provide an insight into the experiences of African migrants of service provision to them and offer suggestions on how to improve these migrants’ mental health outcomes in Australia. Overcoming barriers to accessing mental health services would need a wide range of strategies including education on mental health, recognising variations in cultures for effective service provision, and addressing mental health stigma and discrimination which strongly deter service access by these migrants. These strategies will facilitate help-seeking behaviours as well as effective provision of culturally safe MHSs and improvement in access to MHSs among African migrants.
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Zayzda, Nurul Azizah, and Sri Wijayanti. "Negara Maritim Indonesia, Migrasi Tidak Teratur, dan Hak Pengungsi Lintas Batas." Insignia Journal of International Relations 3, no. 02 (November 18, 2016): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.20884/1.ins.2016.3.02.472.
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AbstrakMakalah ini membahas kebijakan Indonesia sebagai sebuah negara maritim dalam menghadapi persoalan migrasi tidak teratur, khususnya disini yang berdampak pada pencari suaka dan pengungsi lintas batas. Isu migrasi tidak teratur masih merupakan persoalan yang dihadapi oleh negara maritim yang memiliki akses terbuka berupa laut yang menjadi jalur utama perjalanan migran menuju negara tujuan. Sebagai negara yang terletak di jalur pelayaran utama dunia, di tengah tengah benua Australia dan Asia, Indonesia seringkali dihadapkan pada persoalan ini dimana Indonesia menjadi jalur atau negara transit pengungsi dan pencari suaka yang kebanyakan datang dari wilayah Timur Tengah dan Asia Selatan. Menurut data UNHCR, saat ini terdapat sekitar 13 ribu pengungsi dan pencari suaka di Indonesia, dan jumlah ini meningkat dari tahun-tahun sebelumnya. Indonesia sebagai negara maritim memiliki prinsip bahwa kepulauan dan kelautan Indonesia merupakan satuan pertahanan dan keamanan Indonesia (Zen, 2000, dikutip dari Geomagz, 2016). Namun penting untuk lebih jauh melihat bagaimana prinsip ini memandang hak asasi manusia dalam isu krisis kemanusiaan seperti pengungsi lintas batas dan pencari suaka. Makalah ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan bagaimana karakter kemaritiman yang diambil Indonesia berpengaruh terhadap cara Indonesia menyikapi pengungsi lintas batas yang melakukan perjalanan dengan penyelundupan manusia. Makalah ini dibatasi lebih lanjut kepada bentuk kerjasama internasional untuk menangani penyelundupalajan manusia yang diinisiasi oleh atau melibatkan Indonesia. Dari sini kemudian ditarik kesimpulan mengenai hambatan pemenuhan hak pengungsi lintas batas dalam sistem internasional yang berdasarkan kedaulatan negara-bangsa.Kata-kata kunci: negara maritim, penyelundupan manusia, hak-hak pengungsi lintas batas, pencari suaka.
AbstractThis paper discusses the policy of Indonesia as a maritime country in addressing the issue of irregular migration, especially that impact on asylum seekers and refugees. The issue of irregular migration is still faced by maritime nations that have open access in the form of sea which became the main route of migrant journey to the destination country. As a country located in the world's major shipping lanes, in the middle of the continent of Australia and Asia, Indonesia is often faced with this problem given that Indonesia is a transit country of refugees and asylum seekers mostly from the Middle East and South Asia. According to data from UNHCR, there are currently about 13 thousand refugees and asylum seekers in Indonesia, and this number increased from previous years. Indonesia as a maritime country has a principle that Indonesia is an archipelago while maritime is part of its defense and security unit (Zen, 2000, cited from Geomagz, 2016). However it is important to further see how this principle oversees the issue of human rights in humanitarian crises such as refugees and asylum seekers.This paper aims to explain how the maritime character of Indonesia affects its ways to address refugee travel with people smuggling. This paper is further limited to the forms of international cooperation to tackle human smuggling initiated by or involving Indonesia. The obstacles to meet the refugee rights in the international system that is based on the sovereignty of the nation-state is then concluded.
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Ziaian, Tahereh, Helena de Anstiss, Georgia Antoniou, Teresa Puvimanasinghe, and Peter Baghurst. "Sociodemographic Predictors of Health-Related Quality of Life and Healthcare Service Utilisation among Young Refugees in South Australia." Open Journal of Psychiatry 06, no. 01 (2016): 8–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ojpsych.2016.61002.
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Ziersch, Anna, Moira Walsh, Clemence Due, and Emily Duivesteyn. "Exploring the Relationship between Housing and Health for Refugees and Asylum Seekers in South Australia: A Qualitative Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 14, no. 9 (September 8, 2017): 1036. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14091036.
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Cunningham, Margaret, and John D. Cunningham. "Patterns of Symptomatology and Patterns of Torture and Trauma Experiences in Resettled Refugees." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 31, no. 4 (August 1997): 555–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00048679709065078.
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Objectives: The purpose of this study was: (i) to examine the incidence of psychological and medical symptomatology, torture and related trauma in a sample of 191 refugee clients of the Service for the Treatment and Rehabilitation of Torture and Trauma Survivors (STARTTS) in New South Wales (NSW), Australia; and (ii) to identify patterns of current symptoms, patterns of torture and trauma experiences and the relationships between symptoms and experiences. Method: Analysis of STARTTS client records permitted the coding of the presence/absence of 41 medical and psychological symptoms and of 33 torture and trauma experiences. Principal components analyses were used to identify patterns of current symptoms and patterns of torture and trauma experiences. Multiple regression analysis was used to identify relationships between current symptoms and traumatic events in the country of origin or en route to Australia. Results: Six factors were extracted for both the symptoms and trauma experiences; the first symptom factor was labelled ‘core posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)’. Regression analysis showed that threats and humiliation, and being forced to watch others being tortured best predicted scores on this factor. Conclusions: Although core PTSD is the dominant factor in symptomatology, comorbidity is high, with another three symptom factors emerging as meaningful. However, client reports of threats and humiliation or forced viewing of others being tortured should alert clinicians to the likely development of core PTSD, if it has not already occurred. Other implications of these findings for treatment and service development are discussed.
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Weber, Eberhard. "Envisioning South-South relations in the fields of environmental change and migration in the Pacific Islands - past, present and futures." Bandung: Journal of the Global South 2, no. 1 (February 5, 2015): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40728-014-0009-z.
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Climate change poses severe threats to developing countries. Scientists predict entire states (e.g. Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Tuvalu, and Maldives) will become inhabitable. People living in these states have to resettle to other countries. Media and politicians warn that climate change will trigger migration flows in dimensions unknown to date. It is feared that millions from developing countries overwhelm developed societies and increase pressures on anyway ailing social support systems destabilizing societies and becoming a potential source of conflict.Inhabitants of Pacific Islandsahave been mobile since the islands were first settled not longer than 3,500 years ago. Since then people moved around, expanded their reach, and traded with neighbouring tribes (and later countries). With the event of European powers in the 15thcentury independent mobility became restricted after the beginning of the 19thcentury. From the second half of the 19thcentury movements of people predominately served economic interests of colonial powers, in particular a huge colonial appetite for labour. After independence emigration from Pacific Island countries continued to serve economic interest of metropolitan countries at the rim of the Pacific Ocean, which are able to direct migration flows according to their economic requirements.If climate change resettlements become necessary in big numbers then Pacific Islanders do not want to become climate change refugees. To include environmental reasons in refugee conventions is not what Pacific Islanders want. They want to migrate in dignity, if it becomes unavoidable to leave their homes. There are good reasons to solve the challenges within Pacific Island societies and do not depend too much on metropolitan neighbours at the rim of the Pacific such as Australia, New Zealand and the USA. To rise to the challenge requires enhanced Pan-Pacific Island solidarity and South-South cooperation. This then would result in a reduction of dependencies. For metropolitan powers still much can be done in supporting capacity building in Pacific Island countries and helping the economies to proposer so that climate change migrants easier can be absorbed by expanding labour markets in Pacific Island countries.
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Kanstroom, Daniel. "The “Right to Remain Here” as an Evolving Component of Global Refugee Protection: Current Initiatives and Critical Questions." Journal on Migration and Human Security 5, no. 3 (September 2017): 614–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/233150241700500304.
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This article considers the relationship between two human rights discourses (and two specific legal regimes): refugee and asylum protection and the evolving body of international law that regulates expulsions and deportations. Legal protections for refugees and asylum seekers are, of course, venerable, well-known, and in many respects still cherished, if challenged and perhaps a bit frail. Anti-deportation discourse is much newer, multifaceted, and evolving. It is in many respects a young work in progress. It has arisen in response to a rising tide of deportations, and the worrisome development of massive, harsh deportation machinery in the United States, Germany, the United Kingdom, France, Mexico, Australia, and South Africa, among others. This article's main goal is to consider how these two discourses do and might relate to each other. More specifically, it suggests that the development of procedural and substantive rights against removal — as well as rights during and after removal — aids our understanding of the current state and possible future of the refugee protection regime. The article's basic thesis is this: The global refugee regime, though challenged both theoretically and in practice, must be maintained and strengthened. Its historical focus on developing criteria for admission into safe states, on protections against expulsion (i.e., non-refoulement), and on regimes of temporary protection all remain critically important. However, a focus on other protections for all noncitizens facing deportation is equally important. Deportation has become a major international system that transcends the power of any single nation-state. Its methods have migrated from one regime to another; its size and scope are substantial and expanding; its costs are enormous; and its effects frequently constitute major human rights violations against millions who do not qualify as refugees. In recent years there has been increasing reliance by states on generally applicable deportation systems, led in large measure by the United States' radical 25 year-plus experiment with large-scale deportation. Europe has also witnessed a rising tide of deportation, some of which has developed in reaction to European asylum practices. Deportation has been facilitated globally (e.g., in Australia) by well-funded, efficient (but relatively little known) intergovernmental idea sharing, training, and cooperation. This global expansion, standardization, and increasing intergovernmental cooperation on deportation has been met by powerful — if in some respects still nascent — human rights responses by activists, courts, some political actors, and scholars. It might seem counterintuitive to think that emerging ideas about deportation protections could help refugees and asylum seekers, as those people by definition often have greater rights protections both in admission and expulsion. However, the emerging anti-deportation discourses should be systematically studied by those interested in the global refugee regime for three basic reasons. First, what Matthew Gibney has described as “the deportation turn” has historically been deeply connected to anxiety about asylum seekers. Although we lack exact figures of the number of asylum seekers who have been subsequently expelled worldwide, there seems little doubt that it has been a significant phenomenon and will be an increasingly important challenge in the future. The two phenomena of refugee/asylum protections and deportation, in short, are now and have long been linked. What has sometimes been gained through the front door, so to speak, may be lost through the back door. Second, current deportation human rights discourses embody creative framing models that might aid constructive critique and reform of the existing refugee protection regime. They tend to be more functionally oriented, less definitional in terms of who warrants protection, and more fluid and transnational. Third, these discourses offer important specific rights protections that could strengthen the refugee and asylum regime, even as we continue to see weakening state support for the basic 1951/1967 protection regime. This is especially true in regard to the extraterritorial scope of the (deporting) state's obligations post-deportation. This article particularly examines two initiatives in this emerging field: The International Law Commission's Draft Articles on the Expulsion of Aliens and the draft Declaration on the Rights of Expelled and Deported Persons developed through the Boston College Post-Deportation Human Rights Project (of which the author is a co-director). It compares their provisions to the existing corpus of substantive and procedural protections for refugees relating to expulsion and removal. It concludes with consideration of how these discourses may strengthen protections for refugees while also helping to develop more capacious and protective systems in the future. “Those guarantees of liberty and livelihood are the essence of the freedom which this country from the beginning has offered the people of all lands. If those rights, great as they are, have constitutional protection, I think the more important one — the right to remain here — has a like dignity.” Supreme Court Justice William O. Douglas, 19522 “We need a national effort to return those who have been rejected … and we are working on that at the moment with great vigor.” Angela Merkel, October 15, 20163
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Kivunja, Charles, Ahmed Bawa Kuyini, and Thomas Maxwell. "Settlement Experiences of African Refugees: A Case Study of the Armidale, Tamworth and Coffs Harbour Regions of New South Wales, Australia." Journal of Asian and African Studies 49, no. 1 (April 11, 2013): 64–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021909613478399.
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Magonet, Jonathan. "Rabbis Jeremy Collick, David Goldberg, Harry Jacobi, Ernst Stein and Charles Wallach." European Judaism 53, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 142–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/ej.2020.530117.
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Founded in 1956, Leo Baeck College is a relatively young institution in the world of rabbinic seminaries, yet it has been in existence long enough to witness the passing of a number of distinguished rabbis who have graduated from its programme. Sadly this ‘in memoriam’ commemorates the death of five such rabbis within the period of a year, each of whom has served the Jewish community and beyond, each of whom leaves a significant legacy and whose absence is a serious loss to family and friends, the communities they have served and the wider world. They came from very different backgrounds: two of them born in pre-war Germany, refugees who came late in life to rabbinic studies; two of them born and educated in the UK; one born in South Africa. They served in a variety of congregational settings: in the UK and continental European Liberal congregations; one worked within the Einheitsgemeinde system in Berlin, and one in the emerging Masorti movement in the UK; one served South Africa and Australia as well. They each offered a unique set of personal qualities and experience to the task.
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Wake, Caroline. "Headphone Verbatim Theatre: Methods, Histories, Genres, Theories." New Theatre Quarterly 29, no. 4 (November 2013): 321–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266464x13000651.
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Created in an American rehearsal room, exported to an English workshop, and developed in Australia, among other places, ‘headphone verbatim theatre’ – also called ‘recorded delivery’ – is a truly global genre. In this article Caroline Wake focuses on the work of two pioneering practitioners, Briton Alecky Blythe and Australian Roslyn Oades, in order to trace the form's history as well as its methods, genres, and theories. In doing so, she considers how audio technology has evolved over the past decade and how the display or disguise of headphones has affected both the production and reception of the form. She identifies three dominant genres of headphone verbatim theatre (the social crisis play, the social justice play, and the social portrait play, as well as three main performance modes – the epic, the naturalistic, and the mixed. The epic has been the most successful thus far, but the naturalistic and mixed modes are, in turn, begetting new ones. Finally, she suggests that in the same way that headphones have rejuvenated verbatim theatre, they might also reinvigorate the discourse on it by offering the opportunity to go beyond the politics of voice and visibility and to turn, instead, to listening. Caroline Wake is a Postdoctoral Research Fellow in the Centre for Modernism Studies in Australia at the University of New South Wales. Her research examines cultural responses to and representations of refugees and asylum-seekers as well as the role of testimony in law, performance, and visual culture. Her work has previously appeared in journals such as Text & Performance Quarterly, Modern Drama, and History & Memory. She is the co-editor, with Bryoni Trezise, of Visions and Revisions: Performance, Memory, Trauma (Museum Tusculanum Press, 2013).
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de Crespigny, Charlotte, Mette Grønkjær, Dennis Liu, John Moss, Imelda Cairney, Nicholas Procter, Miriam Posselt, et al. "Service provider barriers to treatment and care for people with mental health and alcohol and other drug comorbidity in a metropolitan region of South Australia." Advances in Dual Diagnosis 8, no. 3 (August 17, 2015): 120–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/add-05-2015-0007.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to elicit clinicians’ and workers’ knowledge, experiences and opinions of key issues pertaining to comorbidity service needs of people aged 12 years and over in a metropolitan region of South Australia. Design/methodology/approach – As one component of a participatory action research project, this qualitative study used semi-structured interviews with mental health (MH) and alcohol and other drug (AOD) clinicians and workers (n=20). Findings – The participants expressed concerns involving stigma towards their clients. They highlighted lack of adequate MH and AOD comorbidity service accessibility and models, regularly available clinical comorbidity workforce development, and practice supervision and skills training. These factors influenced participants’ and their colleagues’ capacity and ability to access and provide appropriate help for people needing integrated treatment and care of their co-existing comorbid conditions. Practical implications – Findings highlight the need for coordinated and integrated, individualised holistic comorbidity services, including treatment and care best suited to Aboriginal people and refugees. Originality/value – This study emphasises the importance of government and non-government MH and AOD services ensuring that comorbidity is responded to collaboratively and systemically. It also demonstrates the importance of professional development.
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ZAFEIRIOU, SAVVAS, PETR KOCAREK, and KONSTANTINOS KALAENTZIS. "First record of the desert earwig Forficula lucasi Dohrn, 1865 (Dermaptera: Forficulidae) in Greece: A hitchhiker among the refugees or a seldom encounter?" Journal of Insect Biodiversity 21, no. 1 (January 28, 2021): 15–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.12976/jib/2021.21.1.2.
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The relatively small order Dermaptera (commonly called “earwigs”) is comprised of more than 1900 described species mainly distributed in the Afrotropics, Southeastern Asia and South America, while a small number of species occur in the warmer temperate regions of North America, Europe, Asia and Australia (Hudson 1973; Popham 2000; Haas et al. 2011). In the Balkans and Turkey, this insect order is understudied and knowledge about the distribution and ecology of the earwig fauna is scattered (Haas & Henderickx 2002; Anlaş et al. 2010; Anlaş & Kočárek 2012; Muranyi 2013; Haas 2015). In Greece 16 species have been recorded so far (Haas 2015, 2018), showing greater diversity than other countries in the Balkans (Muranyi 2013). From the poorly studied North Aegean Islands, four earwig species are reported (Haas 2015), namely Anisolabis maritima (Bonelli, 1832), Forficula auricularia Linnaeus, 1758, F. lurida Fischer, 1853 and Labidura riparia (Pallas, 1773).
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Breed, William, John Hatch, Colin Rogers, William Brooker, Andrew Breed, Maria Marklund, Harry Roberts, and Martin Breed. "Bolivar Wastewater Treatment Plant provides an important habitat for South Australian ducks and waders." Australian Field Ornithology 37 (2020): 190–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.20938/afo37190199.
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The populations of South Australian duck and wader species have recently decreased considerably, but their abundance at Bolivar Wastewater Treatment Plant in metropolitan Adelaide is poorly known. To help assess the importance of this site for ducks and waders, we made 25 trips to Bolivar between December 2018 and July 2020, during most of which time south-eastern Australia was experiencing a long dry period. On each trip, we observed between 11 and 26 species of ducks and waders, with a mean total of 9804 (range 2437–15,653) individuals per trip. At times, we observed several thousand Pink-eared Ducks Malacorhynchus membranaceus, Grey Teal Anas gracilis, and Australian Shelducks Tadorna tadornoides, with occasionally up to 1200 Blue-billed Ducks Oxyura australis and 2000 Hardheads Aythya australis. Several wader species that largely breed in Australia’s semi-arid and arid zones were also observed, including occasionally >1000 Red-necked Avocets Recurvirostra novaehollandiae. Five species of waders that breed in the Northern Hemisphere were also recorded fairly regularly in the summer of both 2018–2019 and 2019–2020, including up to ~2000 Sharp-tailed Sandpipers Calidris acuminata, 2000 Red-necked Stints C. ruficollis and 150 Curlew Sandpipers C. ferruginea. These observations indicate that this wastewater treatment plant is a critically important refuge site for several species of ducks and waders. Every effort should thus be made to maintain this site for the conservation of these species in the future.
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Fauzi, Dimas, and Yusnia Kurniasih. "Mapping North-South Relations: The Case of Australia’s Regional Refugee Arrangements." Global South Review 2, no. 2 (October 30, 2017): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/globalsouth.28869.
Full textAbstract:
In recent years, Australia has created some regional refugee arrangements with their neighbouring countries. Under the agreements with countries such as Nauru, Papua New Guinea, Malaysia and the most recent, Cambodia, Australia is committed to providing financial aid to run the supporting facilities and protect the asylum seekers who are relocated from their territory. These agreements then become questionable as the partner countries are developing countries which are relatively unstable in domestic politics and are not prosperous enough to bear the non-financial costs of refugee protection, such as integration and accountability issues. In this case, relations between Australia and their partner countries could be considered as an example of relations between the developed (north) and the developing countries (south). Thus, a question appears to be prominent: what do Australia refugee settlement agreements tell us about the relations between the (developed) north and the (developing) south? By employing structuralism model in international politics, we propose an argument that Australia’s refugee resettlement agreement can be understood as a form of responsibility sharing on refugee issue between the concerning countries in the region. The arrangements have not only produced positive results but also negative ones, such as conflicts. Additionally, this research will also take into account the existence of international law(s) governing refugee issues as the basis to analyse the refugee protection, mainly in Australia’s resettlement partner countries.
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Carey, T. J., and C. J. Smallridge. "A Research Project to Establish Criteria for the Reintroduction of Platypuses (Ornithorhynchus anatinus Into Selected Locations in South Australia." Australian Mammalogy 20, no. 2 (1998): 300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am98300.
Full textAbstract:
Platypuses were once common through many waterways of South Australia but now only live in a small system of rivers on Kangaroo Island where they were introduced in 1940. There is renewed interest from individuals and organisations in re-establishing the species in areas of mainland South Australia. The main objective of this project is to identify essential criteria for maintaining platypuses in South Australian ponds. Platypuses were captured on Kangaroo Island and introduced into a two pond system at McLaren Vale south of Adelaide. The animals were radio tagged and their behaviour monitored. Prior to introduction the habitat was fenced to exclude foxes and feral cats. The ponds were improved by the removal of mosquito fish and trout, placement of snags in the water, planting of aquatic vegetation at the margin and management of the water volume and surface area. Observations indicated that soft moist soil at water level aids the creation of burrows and refuges which may take months to establish. In the interim platypuses will make use of natural earth cracks or create refuges in vegetation. The animals are active in the grassy surrounds, move freely between ponds and feed on supplements of mealworms and earthworms. Key requirements for establishing platypuses in pond systems will include the exclusion of mammalian predators, providing a habitat conducive to the establishment of burrows and optimising food availability.
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Baker, Geoff H., Colin R. Tann, and Gary P. Fitt. "Production of Helicoverpa spp. (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) from different refuge crops to accompany transgenic cotton plantings in eastern Australia." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 59, no. 8 (2008): 723. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar07421.
Full textAbstract:
The adoption of transgenic (Bt) cotton varieties has markedly reduced feeding damage by noctuid pests, Helicoverpa armigera and H. punctigera, in Australian cotton crops. However, the potential for Bt resistance to evolve within these insect pests is a major concern. To reduce the likelihood of Bt resistance occurring, it is mandatory for growers of Bt cotton to also grow refuge crops which produce large numbers of Bt-susceptible moths. We present here findings from a series of field studies which sought to identify the relative Helicoverpa productivity of different refuge crop options. The abundance of Helicoverpa pupae (during the cotton season) was compared under crops of Ingard® (transgenic, single Bt gene) cotton, sprayed conventional cotton, and various unsprayed refuge crops (cotton, sorghum, maize, pigeon pea) from 1996 to 2003 in the major cotton-producing regions of northern New South Wales, plus St George and Dirranbandi in southern Queensland. Unsprayed, conventional cotton was used as the ‘control’ refuge in these studies. Productivity of adult Helicoverpa was estimated by surveying for pupae and discounting those that were parasitised and dead. Some supplementary experiments were also conducted to evaluate specific issues, in particular the value of additional refuge crops sown late in 2000–01 (due to accidental over-planting of Ingard® cotton that year) and the potential productivity of mixed plantings of various refuge crops which individually flowered at different times throughout the cotton season. Unsprayed refuges generally produced many more pupae than sprayed, conventional cotton and Ingard® cotton. Overall, pigeon pea, which has the advantage of prolonged flowering and thus on-going attractiveness to Helicoverpa, was the most reliable and productive refuge option, producing about twice as many pupae as unsprayed cotton. The seed mix refuge is perhaps a viable alternative option, although logistically more difficult for growers to adopt. Laboratory rearing of live pupae until moth emergence indicated that parasitism can be a substantial source of mortality in some refuge crops, especially sorghum. The most common parasitoid of Helicoverpa pupae was the ichneumonid wasp, Heteropelma scaposum. Such parasitism can greatly reduce productivity of adult Helicoverpa from refuges and needs to be taken into account when assessing relative refuge ‘value’, although such refuges will obviously contribute to the abundance of these beneficial species across the landscape.