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Thompson, Glyde Edward. "Sport-specific psychological skills : a comparison between professional and social basketball players in South Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/51919.
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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2000.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In the present study the psychological skills of professional and social basketball players were compared. A literature review has highlighted the need for domain specific and sport specific psychological skills research, from countries outside the United States of America. The Athletic Coping Skills Inventory-28 (ACSI-28) was administered to professional (n=60) and social (n=67) basketball players. The ACSI-28 is a multidimensional scale that measures seven specific psychological skills and also yields a global psychological skills score. The results showed that professional basketball players rated their global psychological skills significantly higher than social basketball players. The results also showed that the professional basketball players scored significantly higher on five of the seven specific psychological skills namely: coping with adversity, peaking under pressure, goal setting, concentration and self-confidence. Cross-cultural differences were found between South African and Greek basketball players. The assumption that psychological skills is domain specific was not verified as baseball and basketball players from different countries showed remarkably similar ACSI-28 profiles. The results can be used to develop a psychological skills training programme which is relevant for elite and pre-elite basketball players in South Africa.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die sielkundige vaardighede van professionele- en sosiale basketbalspelers is in die huidige studie onderling vergelyk. 'n Literatuurstudie het die behoefte aan domeinspesifieke, sowel as sport-spesifieke sielkundige-vaardigheidsnavorsing beklemtoom, veral vir lande buite die Verenigde State van Amerika. Die Athletic Coping Skills Inventory-28 (ACSI-28) is toegepas op professionele (n=60) en sosiale (n=67) basketbalspelers. Die ACSI-28 is 'n multidimensionele skaal wat sewe spesifiek sielkundige vaardighede meet. Hierdie vaardighede kan gekombineer word om 'n globale sielkundige vaardigheidstelling te kry. Volgens die resultate het die professionele basketbalspelers hul globale sielkundige vaardighede beduidend hoër as sosiale basketbalspelers geëvalueer. Die professionele basketbalspelers het hoër tellings as sosiale basketbalspelers behaal op vyf van die sewe spesifiek sielkundige vaardighede naamlik: hantering van terugslae, prestasie onder druk, doelwitstelling, konsentrasie vermoë en self vertroue. Kruis-kulturele verskille is gevind tussen Suid-Afrikaanse en Griekse basketbalspelers. Die aanname, dat sielkundige vaardighede domein-spesifiek is, is nie ondersteun nie, aangesien bofbal en basketbalspelers van verskillende lande ooreenstemmende ACSI-28 profiele getoon het. Die resultate kan aangewend word om 'n sielkundige vaardigheidsopleidingsprogram te ontwikkel wat relevant vir elite and preelite basketbalspelers in Suid Afrika is.
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De, Beer Carl Francois. "Can sport impact rational investor behaviour? : an evaluation of the impact of national sporting performance on stock market returns in South Africa." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002748.
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The finance industry is an extremely fast and complex world dominated by the Efficient Markets Hypothesis (EMH). This theory contains many assumptions which include that investors are rational utility maximisers and that market prices reflect all relevant economic information available to the public. However, over the years, a new form of financial literature known as behavioural finance has been gaining momentum. Behavioural finance seeks to bridge the gap between psychology and economics in an attempt to gain a better understanding of how markets react to different situations. Behavioural finance has also gained much attention in recent years due to the EMH’s inability to explain many economic anomalies. This study first considers the differences between behavioural finance theory and EMH theory before explaining how an individual’s mood has the ability to influence one’s risk taking preferences. Mood changes were also found to be linked to changes in the way an individual reacts to different situations, the way they thinks and processes thoughts. Negative events were also found to have a greater influence on an individual’s mood than positive events did, resulting in an asymmetric relationship between positive and negative results. This study then examines numerous studies indicating how non-economic events can have a statistical and significant influence on stock market returns before analysing previous literature where sport was found to influence market prices. The aim of this study is to determine if South African national sporting performance can influence investors in such a way that it has the ability to impact on market returns. Using standard event study methodology, this study determines the constant mean return using the daily All-Share price index on the JSE for the period of 1 January 1990 to 31 December 2010. This study focuses on three of South Africa’s most popular sports, namely soccer, cricket and rugby and examine if these three sports have the ability to influence market returns. Although there is some evidence of a relationship between stock returns and sporting performance in the descriptive analysis, the regression results indicate that sporting performance in South Africa does not significantly explain abnormal market returns on the JSE. The study provides a number of possible reasons for this finding and concludes by suggesting areas for future research.
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Berard, Raymond. "Psychiatric aspects of haematological malignant disease : the Groote Schuur experience." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/25946.
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Jaffray, Timothy William. "An empirical phenomenological investigations of the experience of being unemployed : a critical study in the South African context." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002068.
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Unemploynent is a problem that confronts many western countries. The aim of this dissertation is to understand, on the basis of a phenomenological investigation, what it means to be an unemployed, white, South African citizen. These meanings are then seen and discussed against the background of the problems associated with the ideological structure within the country. How the latter relates to white employment and psychological life is also explored. The results demonstrate the negative impact unemploynent has upon the psychological functioning of the individual. The results further show the despair such individuals face, having been 'denied' an accepted role within society.
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Kantor, Barbara. "A Foucauldian discourse analysis of South African women's experience of involuntary childlessness." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2006. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=init_5335_1180442818.
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As a consequence of positioning women within the dominant gender role of motherhood, the inability to have a child has exposed women, and more notably women in Africa, to extreme social consequences that often violate their human rights and lead to socio-economic disempowerment. The aim of this study was to consider prevailing discursive construction that position women within dominant ideologies that engender motherhood for women, and to explore how women make sense of and construct meaning regarding their experience when they desire but are not able to have a child.
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Coates, Nicholas Robert. "The psychological adjustment of middle managers after revolutionary organisational change." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1008554.
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With the accelerated process of political and socio-economic transformation in South Africa, revolutionary organisational change has become a given in contemporary South African business life (Human & Horwitz, 1992). For revolutionary organisational change to succeed in South Africa, middle managers who represent the 'cement' of the organisation, need to adjust at the individual level. However, the literature on organisational change remains curiously silent about individual adjustment (Ashford, 1988). The goals of the research were firstly, to recount the middle manager's perceptions and experiences of revolutionary organisational change. Secondly, to detail the psychological re-
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Swartz, Beryldene Lucinda. "Experiencing night shift nursing: a daylight view." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2006. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&.
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This study focused on nurses who work the night shift, and on some of the aspects of their lives. The objectives of the study were to identify and describe these experiences with specific reference to the physical, social and work-related effects.
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Steenveld, Clint Michael. "An interpretive use of drawings to explore the lived experiences of orphaned children living with HIV/AIDS in South Africa." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004374.
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Against the backdrop of the growing problem of AIDS orphans in South Africa and greater sub-Saharan Africa, this qualitative enquiry examines the lives of three South African orphaned children living with HIV / AIDS in a children's home in Cape Town. It aims to generate rich, child-centred descriptions of some of the significant experiences of the children's lives. Drawings, dialogue and narrative were employed to generate the primary data. This was supplemented by collateral interviews and other relevant records, e.g. medical and biographical. Existential-phenomenological theory informed the approach to data collection and analysis. Each child produced a series often to twelve impromptu drawings over a period often weeks. These drawings and transcripts of the children's verbal descriptions of their drawings were extensively analysed. Significant themes for each participant as well as themes common to all three were identified. Some of the central themes emerging include loss, abandonment, death, disease awareness and coping. The children's ability to develop adaptive coping mechanisms and resilience in the face of traumatic loss and terminal illness was a particularly outstanding feature of the findings. Recommendations are made regarding future research to address the lack of qualitative, child-focused investigations as well as appropriate interventions for addressing the psychosocial needs of orphaned children living with HIV/AIDS.
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Tennant, Charnel. "Exploring the lived experiences of South African maladaptive gamblers." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/5021.
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For many individuals, gambling is regarded as a recreational activity, a socially encompassed pastime. For the individuals who partook in the present study, gambling is an Achilles heel at which the individuals were hopelessly at the mercy of. Initially a ‘fun’ activity, gambling emerged as an activity that provided both an aspect of enjoyment and escapism. Later, as the behaviour increased, interpersonal and intrapersonal consequences emerged; which eventually led participants to take action and break free from the activity once experienced as recreational and now as a “monster”. The aim of the study was to explore the lived experience of six South African individuals who met the criteria for a gambling disorder. Both a phenomenological approach and ecological perspective were used to elicit the essence of this particular phenomenon as experienced by the participants. Purposive sampling procedures were implemented. Data was collected through the use of a biographical questionnaire and individual, open ended conversations with six gamblers. The data was processed and analysed according to qualitative data processing and analysis procedures. Due to the gap in qualitative research in this particular area, specifically in the South African context, this research study has the potential to create a better understanding of the lived experience of gambling addiction through the shared experiences of participants.
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Van, der Riet Mary Boudine. "Mediation and the nature of cognitive socialization in the crèche and the home in a black rural context." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002586.
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This thesis examines socialization in the homes and crèches of a rural area in a time of change. Change which is controlled and initiated from outside the local context, creates a dilemma for socialization agents when it introduces a knowledge paradigm different from that operating locally. Rural South African communities frequently experience exogenous change. The introduction of rural preschools, locally known as crèches, provides one example of such change challenging local socialization agents. While rural residents may not operate within knowledge paradigms to deal effectively with such change, they are not necessarily defeated by it. They "grapple" with the uncertainty, developing ways of coping and containing the change. This forms the focus of this thesis. Vygotsky's concept of mediation and conceptualization of the individual/society relationship, informs the examination of "grappling" with change. Two central questions are addressed: In an unfamiliar situation, what is mediated and what resources are drawn on? The research was designed around the recognition of the process nature of research, the constructivism inherent in research and the significance of the social context. Two central mediators, the mother and the crèche teacher, and the broader social context of the home and the creche, were examined. Three levels of investigation were utilised. An analysis of mediation in dyads working on an unfamiliar task provided insight into the social/psychological dynamics. Interviews with residents highlighted socialization beliefs and practices and the social context. Analysis of verses and stories taught to children revealed the inherent ideology of socialization. The main findings of this study are that: Rural residents "grapple" with social change by drawing on their own resources; in "grappling" with the unfamiliar what is mediated is an adult/child interactional status based on the inherent ideology of socialization and the dominant resource drawn on is the "culture of orality". It is argued that in the situation of neither mastery nor defeat, rural residents have used intermediary strategies of coping and containing the effect of the preschool as an agent of exogenous, social change. Recommendations are made for integrating "socialized" and "learned" knowledge from the home and the crèche.
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Evans, Amelia. "The subjective well-being and experience of life roles of white employed married mothers: a multiple case study." Thesis, University of Port Elizabeth, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/290.
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The number of women who choose to combine careers and traditional roles as mothers has been increasing steadily over the last number of years. As a result, the subjective wellbeing of these women has been the focus of many research projects over the last number of years. Subjective well-being has been defined in various ways by different authors. One definition describes subjective well-being as people's evaluations of their lives, which includes happiness, pleasant emotions, life satisfaction, and a relative absence of unpleasant moods and emotions. The current study, which took the form of a multiple case study, attempted to explore and describe White employed married mothers’ subjective experience of their well-being. The study also explored these women's experiences of combining the roles of employee and motherhood. The sample was obtained through the snowballing technique, and both qualitative (in-depth interviews) and quantitative techniques (two questionnaires - the Satisfaction with Life Scale and the Beck Depression Inventory) were utilized. The analysis of the data that was gathered was done by means of thematic and content analyses.
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Anthony, Romy Leigh. "A stress management module for shift workers." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1748.
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Thesis (MTech (Human Resources Management))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2006Many people work shifts because of socio-economic considerations and for them stopping shift work is not a realistic option. Shift work can have a negative impact on the health and well being of workers. The reason for this is that in every individual's body there are many rhythms/cycles, which are designed for daytime work. When these rhythms are disrupted as in nightime work, they need time to adjust so that they may all function as one. These rhythms do not adjust instantaneously; therefore the impact on the body is negative. This in turn, leads to a reduction in performance attentiveness, as well as an increase in the risk of accidents and injuries. Most shift workers do not know how to adjust their lifestyle to minimise the negative effects of working around the clock as companies do not provide the required programmes for their well being, thus increasing the chance of suffering from stress. If this is so, then, not only will the well being of the individual or employee be disrupted, but so too will productivity, as well as the profits of the business. This therefore means that shift work could in the end diminish the economic gain it was designed to create. "A tailor-made shift system should be a compromise between the employer's goals, the wishes of employees, and ergonomic recommendations for the design of shift systems" (Knauth, 1997:21). According to Ahasan (2002:09): "Currently there is little information available in the literature that supports the effective design of shift schedules, which offer effective productivity levels, while maintaining the health and safety of shift workers", It therefore has to be realised that there is no ideal shift system, which is going to fully meet an organisations needs, as well as the well being, social and family needs of each and every single employee within the organisation. Employers and employees can work together in order to learn how to identify and control shift work hazards. Also, employees need to learn how to cope better with the demands of their work schedule. Due to the many disruptions encountered in their personal life, social life and physical well being, the existence of stressrelated illnesses is increased in shift workers. Employers may pick up signs of stress when the following factors are monitored on a regular basis, as well as investigated if and when variances occur:
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Hansjee, Jateen. "Abortion as disruption: discourses surrounding abortion in the talk of men." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002493.
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This research examines men’s talk around abortion using critical discourse analysis. Current literature indicates a dearth of studies addressing the topic of men and abortion in various domains. An understanding of men’s relationship to abortion, however, is crucial to understanding abortion as a social phenomenon. This study utilises the work of Foucault around discourse and power, as well as Butler’s work on gender to create a theoretical framework to approach data. Data were collected in the form of interview groups made up of men, as well as newspaper articles and on-line forum discussions that featured men as the author. What emerged from theses texts was a ‘Familial Discourse’ which posits the nuclear, heterosexual family as a long term relationship between a mother and father, which forms the ideal site to raise children. Discourses that support the family are a discourse of ‘Equal Partnership’ which establishes the man and the woman as being in a heterosexual relationship where each partner is seen to have equal power, and a discourse of ‘Foetal Personhood’ which constructs the foetus as a child in need of a family. Related to the heterosexual matrix, the formation of a family unit comes to be constructed as ‘natural’. Abortion acts as a disruptor to these discourses. By disrupting the formation of the family unit, abortion negatively affects the individuals involved. A relationship where a formation of a family unit was disrupted cannot survive. If the female partner has an abortion without her partner, it is seen as disrupting the equal partnership between the man and the woman. Men in this case see themselves as ‘powerless’ compared to women. From this point a ‘New Man’ discourse emerges, where men position themselves as loving and responsible in the context of a nuclear, heterosexual family unit. Abortion disrupts ‘Foetal Personhood’ and is constructed as murder. In the case of rape the ‘Familial Discourse’ can be invoked either to justify abortion or resist abortion, based on whether or not a family unit can be formed. These discourses reproduce patriarchy.
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Slabber, Hester Jacoba. "Psychological experiences of placement in correctional facilities within the Western Cape Province of South Africa : an exploratory study of incarcerated youth." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86493.
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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Focusing on the social-psychological level, where the focus is on negative relationships with others, Agnew’s General Strain Theory (GST) is internationally one of the most widely employed criminological theories explaining the onset and manifestation of youth offending. GST contends that youth are pressured into criminal behaviour by the negative affective states generated by negative relationships, which are characteristically defined as either aversive or not from the perspective of the youth; where especially anger motivates the youth to engage in maladaptive behaviour, resulting in maladaptive coping. Applying data from 81 incarcerated youth from three correctional centres located in the Western Cape province of South Africa, the study focussed on the criminogenic effects of four variables to explain youth offending under the auspices of GST: self-control (using the Self-Control Schedule [SCS]), coping (using the Coping Strategy Indicator [CSI]), perceived social support (using the Social Support Appraisal scale [SSA]) and anger (using the State-Trait Anger Scale [STAS]). Results displayed significant positive correlations between self-control and the use of problem-solving coping, followed by significant positive correlations between self-control and perceived social support from family members, significant positive correlations between anger and the use of avoidant coping, as well as significant positive correlations between self-control and the use of avoidant coping. The results furthermore displayed significant negative correlations between anger and self-control, followed by significant negative correlations between anger and perceived social support from family members and friends respectively. In addition, the problem-solving coping strategy emerged as a significant positive predictor of self-control, whereas the avoidant coping strategy emerged as a significant positive predictor of anger. Anger, however, emerged as a significant negative predictor of self-control, where the social support-seeking coping strategy emerged as a significant negative predictor of perceived social support from family members. Support for the possible application of Agnew’s GST to the context of South Africa was found and inferences made for the implications for intervention, where it was suggested that psychologists and social workers working with the rehabilitation of youth offenders consider the application of multisystem therapy (MST) with youth offenders, as MST aims to influence maladaptive behaviour by changing key aspects of the youth’s social context in ways that promote pro-social behaviour rather than maladaptive behaviour. The study concluded with a recommendation for further longitudinal research to gain a better understanding of the strain-crime relationship that influence youth to engage in maladaptive behaviour, as is mentioned in GST literature.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Met fokus op die sosiaal-sielkundige vlak, veral op negatiewe verhoudings met ander, word Agnew se Algemene Spanningsteorie (AST) internasionaal as een van die mees gebruikte kriminologiese teorieë beskou, wat die ontstaan en die verskyning van jeugmisdaad verduidelik. AST beweer dat jeug druk ervaar om deel te neem aan kriminele gedrag as gevolg van die negatiewe affektiewe toestande wat deur negatiewe verhoudings bepaal word, wat kenmerkend gedefinieer word as óf negatief of nie uit die perspektief van die jeug; waar veral woede die jeug motiveer om betrokke te raak by wanaangepaste gedrag, wat lei tot wanaangepaste omgaan. Deur die toepassing van data van 81 jeuggevangenes van drie korrektiewe sentrums geleë in die Wes-Kaap provinsie van Suid-Afrika, het die studie gefokus op die kriminogeniese gevolge van vier veranderlikes wat jeugmisdaad onder leiding van AST verduidelik: selfbeheer (met behulp van die Selfbeheer Skedule [SCS]), omgaan (met behulp van die Omgaanstrategieskaal [CSI]), waargenome sosiale ondersteuning (met behulp van die Sosiale Ondersteuning Erkenningskaal [SSA]) en woede (met behulp van die State-Trait Woedeskaal [STAS]). Resultate vertoon beduidende positiewe korrelasie tussen selfbeheer en die gebruik van probleemoplossingsomgaan, gevolg deur 'n beduidende positiewe korrelasie tussen selfbeheer en vermeende sosiale ondersteuning van familielede, 'n beduidende positiewe korrelasie tussen woede en die gebruik van vermydingsomgaan, sowel as 'n beduidende positiewe korrelasie tussen selfbeheer en die gebruik van vermydingsomgaan. Die resultate vertoon verder 'n beduidende negatiewe korrelasie tussen woede en selfbeheer, gevolg deur 'n beduidende negatiewe korrelasie tussen woede en vermeende sosiale ondersteuning van familielede en vriende onderskeidelik, sowel as tussen waargenome sosiale ondersteuning van familielede en die gebruik van sosiale ondersteuningsoekende omgaan. Verder, met die regressie-ontleding het probleemoplossingsomgaan na vore gekom as 'n beduidende positiewe voorspeller van selfbeheer, terwyl vermydingsomgaan na vore gekom as 'n beduidende positiewe voorspeller van woede. Woede het egter na vore gekom as 'n beduidende negatiewe voorspeller van selfbeheer, waar die sosiale ondersteuningsomgaan na vore gekom het as 'n beduidende negatiewe voorspeller van waargenome sosiale ondersteuning van familielede. Ondersteuning vir die moontlike toepassing van Agnew se AST in die konteks van Suid-Afrika was gevind en afleidings gemaak vir die implikasies vir ingryping, waar dit voorgestel word dat sielkundiges of sosiale werkers, wat met die rehabilitasie van jeugmisdadigers werk, gebruik maak van multi-sisteem terapie (MST), aangesien MST die doel het om wanaangepaste gedrag te beïnvloed deur die verandering van die belangrikste aspekte van die jeug se sosiale konteks op maniere wat pro-sosiale gedrag, eerder as wanaangepaste gedrag, bevorder. Die studie het afgesluit met die voorstel dat verdere longitudinale navorsing aanbeveel word om 'n beter begrip van die spanning-misdaad verhouding te kry wat 'n invloed speel op jeug betrokkenheid by wanaangepaste gedrag, soos genoem in AST literatuur.
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Tati, Nomasango. "An exploratory study of the experiences of Black lesbian students in an institution of higher learning in the Western Cape-South Africa." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2009. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_5503_1318845899.
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This study aims at exposing and challenging the effects of heterosexist assumptions that are prevalent in institutions of higher learning. It (study) further seeks to highlight and address the gaps that exist within the academic literature in South Africa with regards to homosexuality. Five students from an institution of higher learning in the Western Cape Province of South Africa with predominantly Black Students were used for this study. All the participants were Black students aged between 19 and 25 years who openly identify themselves as lesbians. Their participation was voluntary. A narrative approach was utilised as an attempt to afford the participants an opportunity to narrate their histories and personal experiences. This is a qualitative research approach which deals with personal stories that are told to describe human action and make sense of events that surround an individual. It involves getting a story from an individual who is identified as having some knowledge or experience with the topic of study. In an attempt to gain a better understanding and an insightful perspective into the personal narratives that were shared by the participants of this study, all their experiences will be put under the control of the thematic analysis.
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Msengana, Sweetlener Thobeka. "The lived experiences of HIV-positive women in poverty." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013269.
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The focus of this study was on the experiences of a small sample of local women who are HIVpositive and are living in poverty. The researcher was interested in exploring the psychological and social experiences of these women using Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis. This research aimed at giving these women a voice to express their first-hand, personal accounts of living with HIV in poverty. Data was analysed for meaningful units, which were interpreted inductively and hermeneutically, and categorised into super-ordinate themes. Six themes within the participants' experiences of living with HIV were determined, namely: (I) experiences of diagnosis, (2) disclosure experiences, (3) stigma, (4) ARV experiences, (5) experiences of social support and (6) poverty. This research found that after an HIV-positive diagnosis, most women experience a variety of emotional reactions. These reactions however seem to change overtime into positive acceptance of the HIV diagnosis. Most of the women in this study preferred to use partial disclosure than to fully disclose their HJV-positive status openly to families, friends and to their community. Reasons for not using full disclosure included fear of discrimination and stigma, which included a fear of being rejected or being blamed for their status and a fear of losing relationships. It was also evident from the findings that most of the women had experienced stigma directly and therefore partial disclosure was used as a coping mechanism to protect the self from further harm. It was also revealed that stigma not only has a negative impact on disclosure but also on social support and ARV experiences. Because ofHIV-related stigma, lack of social support was a struggle that almost all the women in this study had experienced. Lack of understandings about their medication also had a negative impact of the ARV experiences. Stigmas along with poverty are the major struggles that HIV -positive women have to deal with in their day to day living. The findings of this study reveal a need for further research in this experiential area as well as campaigns and education around issues such as stigma, medication, and emotional difficulties associated with HIV.
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Nel, René. "An industrial psychological review of factors and barriers that are keeping women from reaching top positions in the modern workplace." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53267.
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Darney, Christine Kyle. "The experience and aftermath of chronic bullying on individuals' socio-emotional development." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1214.
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Bullying behaviour is fast becoming a common feature in schools around the world. It is a practice that provokes concern, as it infringes upon the child’s right to human dignity, privacy, freedom and security. The physical, emotional and educational consequences of bullying behaviour can never be underestimated (Oyaziwo, 2008). Limited research has been conducted in South Africa regarding the prevalence and possible long-term effects of chronic bullying at school. This study intended to explore and describe the prevalence of bullying behaviour among a sample of grade 8 learners and the prevalence of previous chronic bullying at school among a sample of young adults in the Nelson Mandela Metropole. In addition, the study aimed to explore and describe the relationship between chronic bullying at school and self-esteem and attachment styles. Finally, the contextual factors which may influence the outcomes of chronic bullying for victims were explored and described. The study was exploratory descriptive in nature and employed a mixed method research design. Participants were selected by means of non-probability sampling. The sample consisted of 225 grade 8 learners at a secondary school in the Nelson Mandela Metropole and 101 young adult participants who had completed their school education in the Nelson Mandela Metropole within the past sixteen years. Data on the demographics of the sample was gathered through the administration of a biographical questionnaire. Furthermore, the Olweus (1996) Bully/Victim Questionnaire was utilized in order to obtain information about the prevalence of bullying behaviours among the participants. James Battle’s (1981) Culture-Free Self-Esteem Inventories were used to measure the construct of self-esteem, and Bartholomew and Horowitz’ (1991) Relationship Questionnaire was employed in order to identify the participants’ current attachment styles. Individual semi-structured interviews were later conducted among a sub-set of young adult participants, who had experienced chronic bullying at school, in order to identify the contextual factors which may have influenced the xiii outcomes of their experiences of victimization. Descriptive and inferential statistics, including correlations and multivariate analysis of variance (ANOVA), were utilized in order to analyze the quantitative data. Key findings revealed that eighty-five percent of the grade 8 participants had been involved in bullying behaviours at school this year and ninety-one percent of the young adult participants had been involved in bullying behaviours during some stage of their school careers. No significant relationship was found to exist between bullying and self-esteem in the grade 8 sample. Self-esteem scores did however vary significantly among the victims, bully-victims and bystanders in the young adult sample. Correlational coefficients confirmed that there was a significant relationship between previous chronic bullying at school and the total self-esteem scores of participants in the young adult sample. Findings also showed that there was no significant relationship between bullying and attachment in either of the samples in this study. Finally, qualitative results revealed that a number of contextual factors influenced the outcomes of chronic bullying at school for the sub-set of young adult victims. These factors included: The nature, frequency and duration of the bullying behaviour, the victims’ social support at the time as well as the victims’ personal characteristics.
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Currin, Lisa Natalie. "A journey with an abused child : a non-directive play therapy perspective." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/434.
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The extensive amount of research conducted in the field of family violence internationally indicates that child abuse has a detrimental effect on both the physical and emotional development of children as well as having a profound effect on an individual’s psychological development and functioning in adult life. The aim of this research study was to describe the therapeutic process that unfolded with a seven year old allegedly abused female client within the framework of non-directive play therapy. The case was further contextualised utilising Erik Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development. This study served to broaden the body of psychotherapeutic knowledge by means of meaningful qualitative enquiry. The client was referred for therapy because of severe emotional and behavioural problems following the alleged sexual abuse. The client was seen over a period of eight months and this included 11 sessions of non-directive play therapy, three parent interviews and psychometric assessments conducted by a colleague. The case study method was utilised in this study. To achieve the aim of the research, the methodology of choice was the descriptive dialogic case study. A purposive sampling technique was used in the selection of the research subject for this study. The data collection and analysis were conducted according to Yin’s (1994) analytical generalisation, which consists of two main strategies: (a) using a theoretical framework as a guide to determine what data is relevant; and (b) developing a matrix as a descriptive framework for organising and integrating the data. Furthermore, the process of data analysis was aided by the use of guidelines proposed by Irving Alexander (1988) with Axline’s non-directive play therapy and Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development as the theoretical frameworks. The findings of this study suggest that plotting the play therapy sessions according to the framework of the four stages of play therapy was a particularly useful tool to monitor Michelle’s progression through the therapeutic process. This can be seen as a valuable application of a tool which can be used within the non-directive play therapy approach. Contextualising Michelle’s development according to the stages of Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development was also found to be a valuable endeavour. According to her chronological age, Michelle should have been in the fourth stage of industry versus inferiority, but in reality Michelle was still struggling to strike a healthy balance between the terms of conflict of trust versus mistrust issues of the first stage. From a therapeutic point, this was an important exercise as it helped to inform the therapist and consequently, the therapeutic process. This research undertaking can be recognised as a positive demonstration of the value of non-directive play therapy (Virginia Axline) and Erik Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development in the therapeutic process. In addition, this study has served to facilitate a more holistic understanding of the case study approach to research. Recommendations regarding future research undertakings that utilise the case study approach and methodology have been made. Key concepts: child abuse; family violence; non-directive play therapy; Erik Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development; analytical generalisation; case study research.
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Venter, Doreen Yvonne. "Personality traits and self-presentation on Facebook: a systematic review." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/13272.
Full textAbstract:
The influence of the Internet and Computer Mediated Communication (CMC) on the ways in which individuals with different personality traits present themselves, has been brought into question increasingly as modern life requires more and more of an enmeshment with technology in everyday life. The presentation of the self on Facebook has been the focus of recent research, delivering results that vary and sometimes contradict common ideas of the effects of individuals’ interaction via technology, especially in terms of how personality traits, as determined by the Five-factor model, impact self-presentation. A systematic review of the available literature was conducted, in order to bring about a consolidated description of the literature on the impact of personality traits on Facebook self-presentation. From 37 studies, the review found the motivation for Facebook use to be a mediating factor in the relationship between personality traits. Each personality trait in the Five-factor model impacts upon Facebook use, self-generated content, other-generated content, and the nature of the individual’s self-disclosure in varied ways. Due to visible cues on users’ profiles, some personality traits can be accurately detected by observers. The complexity and interrelatedness of variables involved in this relationship is highlighted by the findings of this review.
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Sideris, Catherine Tina. "Violation and healing of the spirit : psycho-social responses to war of Mozambican women refugees." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/6719.
Full textAbstract:
D.Litt et Phil.For over a decade, from the late 1970's to October 1992, a war raged in Mozambique that resulted in what has been described as, one of the "most terrible genocides in the history of Africa". Over 4 million people were displaced during this war. Conservative estimates put the number of Mozambicans who sought refuge in South Africa at 250 000. This study examines the trauma created by the war, and its psycho-social outcomes, from the perspective of women refugees who came to settle in villages in the Nkomazi region of Mpumalanga province, in South Africa. Posttraumatic stress disorder, the concept which dominates research in the field of trauma studies, was based on research with male war veterans in western industrial societies. Recently a body of work has emerged which questions the validity of applying posttraumatic stress disorder to contexts of massive social conflict, and its utility in cross cultural contexts. This body of work suggests that an understanding of extreme trauma and its outcomes requires careful consideration of the social and cultural dimensions of trauma. The inclusion of a cultural formulation in the latest edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorder, DSM-IV, reinforces a growing acknowledgement amongst mental health researchers of the influence of culture on mental health and disorder. The gaps in research on African women survivors of war and the lack of standardised assessment tools, makes this an exploratory study which uses qualitative research methods. Unstructured interviews were conducted with 30 Mozambican women refugees to explore their experiences and definitions of trauma, the psycho-social outcomes of the trauma, and coping and survival in the aftermath of the war. The magnitude of the trauma evident in the research findings called for a conceptual definition which reflects multiple risks and the interdependence of social and individual trauma. Thematic analysis and qualitative coding of the interview data revealed clinically well defined posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and locally specific discourses of suffering framed by cultural beliefs, social practices and historical experiences. Their testimony and observations in the field, revealed that the survivors demonstrated a capacity to survive and reconstruct their lives. Their coping strategies and survival tactics were fundamentally shaped by socio-historical experiences and the limits and possibilities contained in the recovery environment. The results of this study suggest an approach to examining the complex relationship between trauma and its consequences, which abstracts neither trauma nor its victims from cultural and social-historical contexts.
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Ilondo, Justine Rachel. "An exploration of the cultural understanding and help-seeking behaviours of Congolese immigrants in South Africa regarding mental health challenges." Diss., 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/23203.
Full textAbstract:
The ongoing war in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) has caused sustained trauma on a number of levels and stressors that could easily have debilitating consequences on the mental health of Congolese citizens. The literature further reveals that immigration brings with it a host of additional stressors. The stress related to immigration, an appreciation of diverse cultural understandings of mental health, the burdens and costs of adequate mental health policy and provisioning within developing countries, are concepts that are not well understood nor fully documented.
The present study explored the cultural understanding and help-seeking behaviours of Congolese immigrants in South Africa. The purpose of the study was to understand the ways in which Congolese cope with stressors related to immigration. Using SocialIdentity Theory as a partial conceptual framework, the role of acculturation processes in their understanding and help-seeking behaviours regarding mental health challenges, were examined. A platform for participants to suggest suitable ways of responding to improving the management of mental challenges in their community was provided.
A qualitative approach, based on Participatory Action Research (PAR) and content analysis to explore the emerging narratives, was used with a Gauteng-based sample to gather the accounts of the lived experiences of Congolese immigrants. A snowball sampling technique enabled twenty-seven respondents to participate in one paired conversation and five focus groups.
The emerging findings are critically discussed aligned to the six categories of inquiry structured by the interview schedule, namely, coping strategies since immigration, the understanding of mental health challenges, the possible impact of being immersed in the South African culture, perceptions of mental challenges and persons affected within the Congolese community, the preferred help-seeking behaviours regarding mental health challenges and, finally, their recommendations for improving the management of mental health challenges. The layered meta-analysis of the data consisted of interrogating the thematic categories, then conducting an analytical review aligned to both the pertinent research aim and objectives, as well as related theoretical positions and research findings.
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The key research question underpinning this study was formulated as follows: “Will immigrating from the DRC to South Africa change the understanding and help-seeking behaviours of Congolese?” The study drew on the processes of acculturation from Social Identity Theory to examine these processes. Participants reported experiencing the effects of acculturation but in different ways.
Patterns of assimilation, separation and integration were found. The study therefore served to contribute to our understanding of the effects of acculturation with regard to the cultural understanding and help-seeking behaviours of Congolese immigrants in South Africa regarding mental health.
Most significantly, the assumption of high levels of trauma and stress within this vulnerable community were unfounded. Rich and complex survival strategies have emerged requiring refinement of our knowledge about migrant communities. The strengths and relative weaknesses of the study are shared as well as a set of recommendations for future research in this domain.Psychology
M. Sc.(Psychology)
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Kruger, Zelda. "Gate-keeping, refugees and ethics." Thesis, 2017. https://hdl.handle.net/10539/23921.
Full textAbstract:
A Research Report submitted to the Faculty of Humanities,
University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the Degree of Master of Arts, Applied Ethics for Professionals.
Johannesburg, 2017Many asylum seekers and refugees in South Africa reportedly find it difficult to access basic health care services. The issue about foreign nationals in relation to health care can be considered from different angles. The concept of access, though, points to gate-keeping. Gate-keeping is the practice that guides decision making about who has access to what and to what extent they might enjoy benefits. In this essay, the question of whether gate-keeping is a morally justifiable practice in South Africa in relation to asylum seekers and refugees’ right to basic health care services is explored. It is concluded that carefully considered and consistently implemented gate-keeping might be a morally justifiable practice that could contribute to ensuring that resources are distributed fairly. It is also argued that the kind of gate-keeping often observed is inconsistent with human rights and Ubuntu precepts. These moral frameworks seem to be the main ones shaping the view of most South Africans as well as our institutional arrangements. Considering the current South African context in which asylum seekers and refugees have difficulty in accessing basic health care services, patriotic bias claims are considered. However, it is concluded that partiality towards compatriots ought not to hold sway when any human being’s basic needs are at stake.
MT2018
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Nfii, Faith Nekabari. "Levels, trends and household determinants of stillbirths and miscarriages in South Africa (2010-2014)." Thesis, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/10539/25700.
Full textAbstract:
A research report submitted to the Faculties of Health Sciences and Humanities, Schools of Public Health and Social Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the field of Demography and Population Studies, October 2017Background: Various international and national commitments and interventions that focus on improving maternal, newborn and child health have been established in South Africa. Irrespective of these efforts, adverse pregnancy outcomes (stillbirths and miscarriages) remain invisible within policies and programmes intended to reduce this public health burden thus leading to its high rate in South Africa. This mismatch of burden to action is due to several factors that keep stillbirths and miscarriages hidden, notably underreporting which leads to a lack of data and a lack of consensus on priority interventions and, social taboos that reduce the visibility of stillbirths and the associated family morning. While studies have identified a number of individual demographic and socioeconomic factors associated with stillbirths and miscarriages, the role of household socioeconomic factors remain unexplored. Poor socioeconomic conditions within a household have broadly been linked with poor health and negative birth outcome among pregnant women. This study therefore sought to identify demographic and household socioeconomic associated with stillbirths and miscarriages in South Africa. Methods: This study utilized secondary data from the 2010 – 2014 South African General Household Survey (SAGHS). The study sample comprises of women of reproductive age 15 49 years who were resident in the households selected to participate in the SAGHS. A sample of 248,057 women were included in the study; these are women who reported to have been pregnant in the last 12 months preceding the survey from 2010-2014. The population of interest in this study are South African women whose pregnancy has ended in a stillbirth and or a miscarriage. The outcome variable was pregnancy outcomes (stillbirths, miscarriages and others) while predictor variables include household wealth status, maternal age, source of drinking water, type of toilet facility, sex of household head, province of residence, household electricity, population group and HIV status. Data analysis was done in three stages. First, univariate analysis was done to provide descriptive results of the study population. The second staged involved a bivariate analysis producing odds ratios to examine the association between each predictor variable with each pregnancy outcome. The third stage included an unadjusted (bivariate) and adjusted (multivariate) multinomial logistic regression producing relative risk ratios (RRRs) to examine the demographic and household socioeconomic determinants of stillbirths and miscarriages. Results: The levels of stillbirths were 0.17% and 0.37% in 2013 compared to 0.11% and 0.12% respectively. The stillbirth rate (SBR) from 2010-2014 was 25.7 per 1000 births while miscarriage rate was 24.5 per 1000 pregnancies. Results from the multinomial logistic regression showed that maternal age, race, sex of household head, province of residence, source of drinking water, type of toilet facility, geographic type, household wealth index, hypertension and HIV positive status are significant determinants of stillbirths and miscarriages among women in South Africa. Advanced maternal age (34-39 and 40-44 years), rural residence, being Black, use of other type of toilet facilities, poor wealth quintile, Northern Cape province, being 000HIV positive and drinking piped water are associated with an increased risk of stillbirths and miscarriages. Conclusion: This study found that demographic and household socioeconomic factors are associated with pregnancy outcomes (stillbirths and miscarriages) among women aged 15-49 years in South Africa. This study has demonstrated the fact that household socioeconomic factors are important in understanding the determinants of stillbirths and miscarriages. Thus, the outcomes of pregnancy are not separable from the socioeconomic conditions of the pregnant women within a household as maternal poverty can translate to poor foetal health. Interventions on maternal, newborn and child health should also be more targeted at these pregnancy outcomes as stand-alone health indicators to address the dearth of data and to ensure proper monitoring. Furthermore, women in remote areas who do not have access to electricity, toilet facilities and other important assets in their household should be prioritized by programs on poverty alleviation. Lastly, it is crucial that quality obstetric care services should be made available, accessible and affordable for women in remote areas. This may improve the outcomes of pregnancy through early detection of pregnancy complications.
XL2018
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Chan, Angeline Michell. "Meaning-making in response to the traumatic loss of a child." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/12602.
Full textAbstract:
Recent research supports the theoretical premise that healthy forms of bereavement include
meaning making as a coping response to loss as well as a move away from Freud’s original
postulation regarding the importance of decathexis as necessary to a healthy resolution of
grief. However, traumatic bereavement produces particular kinds of difficulties in meaningmaking
and the possible resolution of this kind of loss. The study explored responses in relation
to the traumatic loss of a child through homicide in a sample of 7 parents (2 couples, 3
mothers) who were identified through the The Compassionate Friends (TCF) chapter in
Highlands North, Johannesburg and who volunteered to take part in the study. Semi structured
interviews were conducted, recorded, transcribed and subjected to an interpretive thematic
content analysis. The thematic content analysis revealed that meaning making responses in
relation to the loss of a child through homicide, are complex and that somewhat unexpectedly,
parents experienced expectations from society and others to engage in particular kinds of
meaning-making as counterproductive and alienating. Issues concerning the simultaneous
introjection of and de-cathexis from the lost child also proved enlightening. Meaning-making
also involves both some degree of trauma resolution and the recognition of what the loss of the
significant other entails. The research also explored the choices and decisions that parents
reported as being important in response to the traumatic loss of their child, and therefore
suggests some useful pointers for those who encounter traumatically bereaved individuals in
the course of their work.
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Scholtz, Jonathan Geoffrey. "Persoonlikheidsprofilering by gholfspelers op verskillende vaardigheidsvlakke." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/7282.
Full textAbstract:
D.Litt.et Phil.This study investigated the personality and mood characteristics of golf players at four different levels of competency. The role played by personality factors in sport and sport performance, was actively researched between 1950 and 1980, especially in the U.S.A. and Europe. Since then, research in the field of sport psychology has focused more on aspects like anxiety, motivation, attribution and arousal. A study of the available literature shows that the role of personality factors in sport has not been researched and identified satisfactorily, mostly as a result of methodological problems experienced in earlier studies. There has thus been a move away from this subject before the methodological problems could be solved properly, or the field of study be explored completely. Local research in this area is limited and available studies often display the same methodological inconsistencies as those incurred in the U.S.A. and Europe. Golf is seen as a sport in which psychological factors play a substantial role. Only a few studies that address these aspects in golf were found. However, in none of these the unique nature of golf was taken into account or integrated into the results in a satisfactory manner. Even though the literature confirms the existence of typical personality profiles for motor racers and soccer players, no such profile has been identified for golf players. The value of such a profile extends over a wide front, which includes counselling, career planning, enhanced performance and timely remedial interventions. One hundred and sixty nine golf players at four different levels of competency namely professional, provincial, club champions and ordinary club players were evaluated with the 16 Personality Factor Questionnaire (16 PF) and the Profile of Mood States (POMS). The data was analized statistically with the use of multivariate and univariate measures as well as intercorrelations. Various significant differences were identified between the four groups. A personality and mood profile was identified for each group. The profiles of the professional and the provincial groups differed meaningfully from those of the other two groups and the norms for the normal population. In terms of mood characteristics, both these groups displayed the "iceberg profile" which indicates below average scores on tension, depression, anger, fatigue and confusion and an above average score on vigour. Mood characteristics that feature prominently in top performance was identified from this. The most important personality characteristics identified were emotional stability, tough-mindedness, assertiveness, a practical orientation, self-sufficiency, self-control and a low level of resting tension. In conclusion, recommendations are made and a critique delivered of the study.
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Karim, Dilnaaz. "The relationship between the psychological contract, trust and organisational commitment in retrenchment survivors." Thesis, 1998. https://hdl.handle.net/10539/26118.
Full textAbstract:
A Dissertation submitted to the Psychology Department, University of the
Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in partial fulfillment of the course of the
Degree of Bachelor of Arts with Masters in Industrial Psychology.The aim of this research was to, firstly, explore the relationship between psychological contract breach and organisational commitment, and to examine the extent to which trust mediates this relationship. Secondly, the research aimed to develop and validate a scale to measure psychological contract breach. Data was collected from a large organisation that had completed nation-wide retrenchments. The quantitative sample population consisted of 84 employees in the organisation, while 10 members of the organisation were interviewed to obtain qualitative information. A cross-sectional design was used and data was collected by means of questionnaires and interviews. The process of triangulation was used to provide a deeper understanding of the relationship being assessed. The psychological contract breach scale was analysed by means of a factor analysis and was found to be valid, and the reliability was found to be satisfactory. The results of the study showed that there is a negative relationship between psychological contract breach and organisational commitment and that trust does not appear to mediate this relationship. Explanations for the findings are offered, and the theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed. Finally, limitations of this study and directions for future research are presented.
Andrew Chakane 2018
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Kapelus, Stacey. "The effect of aquatic therapy on psychological aspects of pain in arthritic patients." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/9084.
Full textAbstract:
M.A. (Psychology)Numerous amounts ofliterature has confirmed the positive correlation that exists between exercise and psychological well-being. With the increased interest in the associated psychological factors ofpain, the present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of chronic pain on rheumatoid arthritic and osteoarthritic patients, with the overall aim of reducing, and alleviating these factors. The psychological factors studied were depression, effects ofthe impact ofarthritis, for example, on the independent, physical and psychosocial aspects oftheir lives, as well as coping. It was hypothesized that by engaging in an aquatic exercise program there would be a reduction/alleviation ofpain, which in tum would demonstrate a reduction in the psychological components ofpain. Evidence was found to support the hypothesis, due to the fact that, after exposure to the aquatic therapy program, subjects demonstrated a reduction in pain followed by a reduction in depression, slight improvement in coping with their arthritis, and the impact of arthritis was partially alleviated. The need for a larger sample group, as well a longer period of investigation will be needed for future research.
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Williamson, Gerald. "Crimes of passion : homicide in intimate relationships : a Public Health-Bulhanian perspective." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/6901.
Full textAbstract:
M.A.A sample population of nine men arrested in Johannesburg, for killing their female partners (former spouse or girlfriend) is analyzed in the context of their killings. The analysis approaches homicide as a Public Health problem and a preventable phenomenon. The analysis proceeds from Public Health and Bulhanian theoretical perspectives. These theories emphasize the relationship and interplay between the social, political, psychological and economic environments and the overall effect they have on individual processes. By contextualising the homicide event into pre-event, event and post-event categories, the study is able to identify risk factors which played a role in the homicide act. The tool of analysis employed in the service of this study is called the Haddon Matrix and is widely used in the Public Health domain as a means of identifying and considering, section by section, the risk factors associated with the injury, the relevant research and other knowledge available and what is needed for the future and the priorities for countermeasures. Analysis includes demographic and social characteristics of the perpetrator and the incident. The results indicate problems in education, communication and the concept of the nuclear family. In the Public Health-Bulhanian sense, the results indicate that the homicide incident originates and occurs within the context of the prevailing conditions of social structural constraint, in the experienced psychological strain of individuals and in the prevailing threshold of social tolerance. The lack of basic human needs, such as professional help, for example, is an indication of the impact that the cumulative effect of social structural constraint has on the family's health. The study also found that individuals experience trauma and pain in a context where objective social conditions affect the rights and privileges of individuals and there is a strain being created on the subjective world of perception, feeling and meaning. It is this wealth of information on the trauma points which presents opportunities for prevention. Among the proposed areas for interventions are: Change individual knowledge, skills or attitudes, such as conflict resolution education, for example. Change social environments, such as better housing, economic incentives for family stability and counselling centres. Change physical environments and agents of violence, such as the availability of dangerous weapons and the increased policing of high risk areas, for example. In conclusion, the study aspires to enrich existing debate in the area of homicide as a Public Health issue.
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Ally, Yaseen. "Witchcraft accusations in South Africa : a feminist psychological exploration." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/13863.
Full textAbstract:
Despite the rationalism implicit in contemporary thinking, in many parts of the world like South Africa, belief in witchcraft exists and is a core belief, influencing the world-view of many people. In these contexts, witchcraft is believed to be responsible for every social experience including, illnesses, sickness and death. The witch-figure, imbued with jealousy, is believed to derive power to harm others with witchcraft through supernatural capacity and an association with the Devil. Witchcraft, it seems represents a theory of misfortune guiding the interactions between people and provides explanations, steeped in the supernatural, for almost every misfortune.
Extending on the commonly held notion of violence against women, this doctoral study reflects witchcraft accusations and its violent consequences as an under-represented facet thereof. This follows the fact that historic and contemporary accounts of witchcraft position women as primary suspects and victims. Accused of witchcraft, many women face torture and ultimately death, even today.
In this study it is argued that witchcraft accusations result from within a social context, supporting gendered relations that are powered. To this end, I apply a feminist psychological approach as a theoretical lens, allowing us to see witchcraft accusations as one strategy among those supporting male domination.
In the first chapter, I outline the feminist psychological approach as an appropriate lens to view witchcraft-related violence. The understanding of witchcraft accusations gained through the application of feminist psychological theory is then applied in the second chapter, focusing on news reports. A focus on the newspaper representations of witchcraft violence is vital, given the media’s influential role in the lives of many. Attention is then focused on understanding of witchcraft held by community members, usually responsible for the violent attacks on those accused. The final chapter locates the witchcraft experience with women so accused.
The purposeful repetition of theoretical points made in each chapter was essential. The repetition enabled me to apply the theoretical lens appropriately for each paper and to elaborate on the fundamental premise the PhD argues towards. The reader’s attention is drawn towards awareness of this purposeful repetition of the theoretical lens. It is imperative as together and separately, the chapters in this PhD, function to accentuate on an expression of gendered violence, steeped in a tradition supporting male domination.Psychology
D.Litt. et Phil.
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Jacobs, Elana S. "Exposure to manifestations of political instability: impact on white South African children." Thesis, 1991. https://hdl.handle.net/10539/25400.
Full textAbstract:
A research report submitted to the Faculty of Arts, University of the
Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in partial fulfilment for the degree of M. A.
(Clinical Psychology).The Impact of political violence on the psychological well-being of civilian populations has received much attention. both locally and internationally. In South Africa, the effects on black children of having witnessed or experienced violence has been extensively researched; however. the impact on white children, albeit that the majority of them are removed from the immediacy of the violence, has not been investigated.(Abbreviation abstract)
Andrew Chakane 2018
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Chettiar, Shamilla. "Recreating community in post apartheid South Africa." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/6279.
Full textAbstract:
M.Sc.The present study describes the experiences of participants on an Adventure Therapy project at the Ekupholeni Mental Health Clinic in Katlehong. It details an account of the violence, both political and everyday, that face South Africans, particularly children and youth. It also attempts to detail the reconstructive challenges facing a democratic South Africa on the road towards healing. The implicit values underlying the research process are the values of Community Psychology and the Action Research method. Themes were drawn from four taped interview (two group and two individual) sessions. These themes suggest that participants have had positive experiences of pride, dignity, control, responsibility and unity through involvement with the project. These experiences are however not without their contradictions. An attempt has also been made to report on this dialectic. The study makes recommendations regarding the improved functioning of this project and also more widely applicable lessons for working with communities. The recreation of community is a struggle better expressed as a process rather than an event. Further documentation of this project is recommended to build on this baseline data.
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Chetty, Pamela Jaskiaya Jeannette. "Sources of work stress, psychological attachment and attitudes towards change : constructing a psychological profile for change interventions." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/20144.
Full textAbstract:
This research focused on constructing a psychological profile for change interventions by investigating both the interrelationships and overall relationships between work stress (as the independent variable), psychological attachment (job embeddedness and organisational commitment) (as the mediating variables) and attitudes towards change (as the dependent variable).
A non-experimental cross-sectional quantitative survey design approach using standardised valid and reliable measuring instruments (Sources of Job Stress Scale, Organisational Commitment Questionnaire, Job Embededdness Questionnaire, Attitudes towards Change Questionnaire) was used on a non-probability purposive sample of employees from one of the largest, fast-moving consumer goods companies in South Africa (N = 350), ranging from administrative to executive level. Bivariate correlations showed a statistically positive inter-relationship between sources of work stress, psychological attachment (job embeddedness and organisational commitment) and attitudes towards change. A canonical correlation analysis indicated a significant overall relationship between the sources of work stress, psychological attachment (job embeddedness and organisational commitment) and attitudes towards change dispositions. Mediation modelling revealed the mediating role of psychological attachment (organisational commitment and job embeddedness) in the sources of work stress and attitudes towards change relationship. Moderated hierarchical regression analyses showed that age and gender significantly moderated the relationship between individuals’ sources of work stress and their attitudes towards change dispositions. Tests for mean differences revealed that significant differences exist between age and sources of work stress, affective and continuance commitment, fit and sacrifice embeddedness. Differences exist between race groups’ affective and continuance commitment. Job security is a concern across all employment levels in the organisation. Individuals at an executive, upper administrative and administrative level revealed significant differences in terms of their continuance commitment. Cognitive and behavioural attitudes towards change did not differ significantly across all employment levels.
At a theoretical level, this study developed an understanding of the cognitive, affective, conative and interpersonal behavioural dimensions of the hypothesised psychological profile to manage change. At an empirical level, it developed an empirically tested psychological profile for change interventions in terms of the various behavioural dimensions. At a practical level, organisational change practices in terms of the behavioural dimensions of the psychological profile were recommended.Psychology
D. Phil. (Psychology)
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Pretorius, Willem Liebrecht. "A leadership performance model for selected multicultural parastatals in South Africa." 2008. http://encore.tut.ac.za/iii/cpro/DigitalItemViewPage.external?sp=1000243.
Full textAbstract:
D.Tech. Organisational Leadership. Business School.Organisations in South Africa and parastatals and semigovernmental organisations, in particular are adversely impacted upon by the low productivity of the workforce. The adverse situation invariably points to ineffective leadership. Few organisations focus on personal character, principles and moral skills, which everyone in a leadership role should possess to ensure long-term sustainable results. Improving the performance of individual organisations to the benefit of South Africa should be one of the country's highest priorities. The formulated conceptual process model could serve as a mechanism to achieve this highly complex objective.
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Maswikiti, Natasha. "Antiretroviral treatment adherence in South Africa : an adolescent perspective." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/12561.
Full textAbstract:
The introduction of Antiretroviral (ARV) treatment has allowed for many children living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) to survive to adolescence. However for this to be a reality adherence to treatment is important. Many studies suggest that during adolescence adherence can be very challenging. However not much research has been done within the South African context to understand what HIV positive adolescents are experiencing, particularly in relation to ARV adherence. The aim of this research study was to explore the experiences of adolescents on antiretroviral therapy (ART) in order to understand what helps them to adhere to their medication and the challenges that they may have with adherence. This was achieved by carrying out 5 semi-structured in-depth interviews with HIV positive adolescents on ARVS at a shelter for HIV positive women and children in Johannesburg. A thematic content analysis was used to analyse the transcribed interviews. The results indicated several factors that both assist with adherence and those that challenge adherence. The participants reflected on the importance of full disclosure which increases their understanding of the importance of adherence, having people they trust whom they can confide in and who also support them to take and adhere to the ARVs, and having a positive experience at the hospital when they go for their regular checkups. Certain defence mechanisms adopted by the adolescents to help them cope with living with HIV and having to take medication every single day of their lives were also identified. The fact that acceptance is a process was also suggested by the research findings. The challenges the adolescents face were those of stigma and a fear of being rejected, bad experiences associated with taking medication, such as the negative side effects and the disruption of their leisure time, and negative experiences from going to the hospital. This study yielded some rich information that may aid in understanding what adolescents are experiencing and facing which may inform future research studies on this topic and policies which may assist with an increase in adherence.
36
Harrison, Kevin H. "Psychological contributors to diabetic control." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/13331.
Full text
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Marais, Louis Christiaan. "Die belewenis van opname in 'n gevangenis deur witboordjiemisdadigers." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/9923.
Full textAbstract:
M.Cur. (Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing)The objective of this research is to explore and describe how the white-collar criminal experiences being admitted to prison. In a country like South Africa, where the crime rate is of the highest in the world and where a new democratic era has also begun where the prisoner is entitled to more humane treatment, the Department of Correctional Service faces considerable criticism from time to time, whilst being exposed to increasing demands. The white-collar criminal experiences problems integrating successfully in the prison community, with the result that such integration and the accompanying deprivation give rise to mental health problems. A qualitative, exploratory, descriptive, contextual research study has been undertaken to describe how. the white-collar criminal experiences being admitted to prison. Five whitecollar criminals, who. met all the set criteria, were included in the study by means of purposive convenience sampling. . In-depth exploration into the experience of the white-collar criminal was done by utilising the phenomenological method of interviewing for the collection of data. The researcher put a central question to the respondents, viz.: "How do you experience your admission to prison?" Data were analysed by means of descriptive analysis as described by Tesch. Anindependent coder was used to code and analyse the data. Consensus discussions between the researcher and the coder were held on the results. Obstacles and facilitative aspects were identified, which influence the white-collar criminal's ability to integrate in the prison community as part of the facilitation of the promotion, maintenance and restoration of mental health as an integral part of health...
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Hamilton, Christopher Robin. "The narratives of gay men regarding testing for the human immuno-deficiency virus : a social constructionist perspective." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/11546.
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M.A. (Clinical Psychology)The present study explores the personal narratives of eight gay South African men regarding testing for the human immune-deficiency virus (HIV) which causes AIDS. The narratives are described within a social constructionist perspective. Two tape-recorded conversations were held with each of the participants in this study, all .of whom had never tested HIV positive. The elicited narratives are related to the men's ideas about HIV, AIDS and gay..sexual identity, and are situated in the South African context. In addition, a reflexive approach is used, farina as the narratives are related to the reflections of the research participants, the researcher and the supervisor about the research process. The narratives suggest that the gay men in the study see decision making regarding HIV testing as involving personal choice and individual responsibility. The participants seem well informed of safe-sex precautions necessary to prevent the transmission of HIV. However, in accordance with the research literature, they appear to employ individual heuristics which allow for unsafe sexual practices, usually in the context of long-term relationships. Empirical research is required in order to determine whether or not these findings can be generalized to the general population of gay South African men. The need for safe-sex education to take account of such individual heuristics is emphasized. In addition, it is suggested that gay men may benefit from assertiveness training which empowers them to decline engaging in sexual behavior which puts them at risk of contracting HIV.
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Bernon, Elsa. "Unlocking careers through metaphors in South Africa." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/1193.
Full textAbstract:
This qualitative , critical-interpretivist study critically explored the career metaphors produced by a South African sample, by adapting the theoretical, methodological and analytical framework of a study conducted by El-Sawad (2005) on a British sample. The current study used metaphor analysis to explore the way in which a sample of South African's experience and conceptualise their careers within a context that has undergone (and continues to undergo) rapid social, economic and political change.Thesis (M.A.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2008.
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Nkomo, T. N. "Psychological effects of rape and coping strategies of rape victims in the Gauteng province / Nkomo T.N." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/14406.
Full textAbstract:
This study investigated the psychological effects and coping strategies of women who were raped in the Gauteng province. The study aimed to dete1mine the effects that rape has on the victims and to determine the coping strategies that the victims employ to deal with their ordeal.
Using a quantitative methodology the study was conducted among I 00 female rape victims that were sampled from selected rape crisis centres in the Gauteng province. The researcher used the Trauma Symptom CheckJ ist (TSC-40), as well as the Coping Strategies Inventory Short Form (CS I-SF) which are both standardised and validated instruments. The responses of the participants were analysed to determine which of them were more traumatised than others. To come to the conclusion of who was more traumatised than the other, a comparison of the rating of the Trauma Symptom Checklist (TSC) was done and consideration of all questions was taken.
It was then dete1mined how the more traumatised and the less traumatised used the coping strategies to deal with the negative emotions due to rape. This was done by analysing the coping strategies of each participant according to how they responded on each question on the Coping Strategies Inventory (SF).
Using means, standard deviations and regression analysis, the results revealed that a high number of rape victims had higher levels of trauma. This was indicated by their high scores on the dissociation, anxiety, depression, sexual abuse trauma index, sleep disturbance and sexual problems subscales of the TSC. Higher percentages of those, rarely engaged in problem focused coping and resorted to emotion focused coping instead. Those who had less trauma were found to be engaging more in problem focused coping.
The victims that had less trauma were found to be communicating effectively with other people and were engaging in positive thinking. Those who had high levels of trauma were found to be not interacting effectively with people in their immediate environment which may have influenced their emotion focused coping strategies. The results also revealed that emotional reactions and coping strategies are not affected by age and marital status of rape victims.Thesis (M. Soc Sci (Clinical Psychology) North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, 2012
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Janse, van Rensburg Marthie. "Die verband tussen fisieke aktiwiteit, sosiale ondersteuning en gemoedstoestand." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/6922.
Full textAbstract:
D.Litt. et Phil.An escalation in the mortality rate in Western society directly attributable to destructive lifestyles, has generated intensive research into the causal link between health and lifestyle. Early research highlighted a positive correlation between participation in physical activity and enhanced physical health. The complexity of causal interactions between physical activity and general well-being has given rise to a more focused examination of various elements of health and the activities which support it. The scope of research has extended to include physical activity and its effect on mental health, as well as physical activity and its ability to create a positive state of mind. Results have been sufficiently impressive that medical practitioners and psychologists now commonly use programs of physical activity in the treatment of stress, depression and anxiety. A positive correlation between physical activity and improved state of mind has been primarily attributed to enhanced physical fitness and better biological functioning of the body as a result of physical activity. Researchers refer to the role that physical activity plays in stimulating the secretion of norepinephrine in the central nervous system. Higher levels of norepinephrine in the body appear to lead to an improved state of mind.
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Walters, Irma Elzette. "Self-knowledge for career management : an educational psychological model." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/7697.
Full textAbstract:
D.Ed.The goal of this study is to design a model that could guide and direct the educational psychologist in the facilitation of the client's self-knowledge for career management: The rationale of this study is based on the fact that previously the educational psychologist, as career counsellor, had to counsel within specific limiting boundaries. In terms of career counselling this meant that he simply guided the client to make the correct career choice. Career management was not considered by the educational psychologist as part and parcel of career counselling. The need for career management is reinforced by the view of the Gauteng Education Department that education in South Africa is seen as a process of lifelong education. Career counselling should therefore be conducted in such a way that it ensures lifelong dividends. Self-knowledge can be seen as the basis for career management. The educational psychologist should possess specific knowledge and skills in order to facilitate self-knowledge in such a way that a client is empowered to manage his own career in a changing career market. The main purpose of this study will therefore be: the, development and description of a model that could serve as a guide to the educational psychologist in the facilitation of a client's self-knovViedge in order to empower him to do career management. To be able to meet this goal the following sub-goals are set: the exploration and description of the concepts necessary for self-knowledge in order to do career management by means of a literature study; the generation of the provisional model; the evaluation and the refinement of the provisional model on the basis of recommendations made by the model development experts and peer group • the writing of a manual for educational psychologists regarding the operationalisation of the final model. The execution of the development of the model will be discussed in three phases. During phase one the model is developed and described by means of a literature research. The model is functional, therefore the survey list of Dickoff, James and Wiedenbach (1968:435), is used to identify and classify the concepts in the study. A concept analysis of the central concept "self-knowledge for career management" is performed and a theoretical definition is:formulated. During phase one the main concepts and their relationships to the central concept are described in the form of relational statements. These statements do not only highlight the relationship between the concepts, but also lay a sound foundation for the conceptual framework on which the provisional model "self-knowledge for career management" is based. During phase two the provisional model is evaluated and refined by model development experts and the peer group. According to the r,ecommendations and the relevant critique, the model is refined and the final model described. The final model describes the structure of the model, as well as the process to facilitate self-knowledge for career management. During phase three a manual is written on how to operationalise the model, which serves as a guideline to the educational psychologist.
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Rice, Janet Elizabeth. "Lifeskills, values and a concept of adulthood for future education on South Africa." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/9554.
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Petersen, Laetitia. "The psychosocial experiences of patients diagnosed with acute leukaemia during hospitalization." Thesis, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/867.
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Mokhoka, Matsiliso Dinah. "Black women diagnosed as HIV-positive : their psychological experiences and coping mechanisms." Diss., 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/25708.
Full textAbstract:
Please read the abstract (Summary) in the section 00front of this document. Please note: The Errata list is included as last page of each chapterDissertation (MA (Clinical Psychology))--University of Pretoria, 2007.
Psychology
unrestricted
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Kemeng, Heidie Seipati Josephine. "Generation X and generation Y: the moderating effect of transformational leadership on resistance to change and psychological empowerment among employees in Johannesburg." Thesis, 2017. https://hdl.handle.net/10539/24807.
Full textAbstract:
A research report submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Masters by Coursework and Research Report in the field of Industrial Organisational Psychology in the faculty of Humanities, University of the Witwatersrand, 2017The purpose of the study was study to investigate relationships of employee psychological empowerment, transformational leadership and resistance to change among employees in Johannesburg, South Africa. There were 51 male participants and 57 female participants. Participants voluntarily participated in the study. The instruments used to collect data were the Multifactor Leadership questionnaire, resistance to change scale and psychological empowerment questionnaire. Data were analysed using correlations and multiple regression analyses. The results showed that employee psychological empowerment and resistance to change, age and resistance to change were the only significant results. Future studies can focus on factors that influence the readiness for change in South Africa which could include the opportunity to participate in the planned change projects, demonstrating the need for change and employee psychological empowerment. In addition, Future studies could also address the interest gap between generation X and Y in terms of implementing rigorous programmes which foster the empowerment of the workforce in organisations for both generations and reduce resistance to change
XL2017
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Chemaly, Chanel. "Positive and negative sex role identities, conflict management styles and psychological wellbeing." 2014.
Find full textAbstract:
In this study, positive and negative sex role identities of 412 employees from organisations in South Africa were compared with regards to conflict management styles and psychological wellbeing. Three self- report questionnaires were administered to employees to measure the variables of positive and negative sex role identities, conflict management styles and psychological wellbeing. The self- report questionnaires included the 57- Item Revised Extended Personality Attributes Questionnaire (EPAQ-R), the Thomas- Kilmann Conflict Mode Instrument, and the Warwick- Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale.
The results of the present study demonstrated overall significant differences among sex role identities and conflict management styles, sex role identities and psychological wellbeing, as well as conflict management styles and psychological wellbeing. In particular, the results were consistent with the proposed hypotheses in relation to sex role identities and conflict management styles. The results specified that the positively androgynous individual favoured the compromising conflict management style, the negatively androgynous individual preferred to avoid, the positively feminine sex role identity favoured the accommodating conflict management style, whereas the negatively feminine sex role identity preferred to avoid, and both the positively and negatively masculine sex role identities favoured the competing conflict management style. In relation to conflict management styles and psychological wellbeing, significant differences were found between compromising and accommodating, collaborating and accommodating, and avoiding and accommodating conflict management styles. In terms of sex role identity and psychological wellbeing, significant differences occurred between all the positive sex role identities and negative femininity, as well as between positive androgyny and the negative sex role identities. Unexpected findings relating to sex role identities and psychological wellbeing pertains to the significant difference between negative androgyny and negative femininity, as well as the undifferentiated sex role identity and negative femininity.
Therefore, these results have provided support for the Differentiated Androgynous Model indicating that positive sex role identities are more socially equipped in terms of psychological adjustment in relation to the negative sex role identities. Non- significant results were obtained when investigating the interrelationship among all three variables.
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du, Plessis Karin. "Coping behaviour of wives of relocated employees." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/17197.
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This quantitative-descriptive study explored the effect of
relocation cn wives, of employees of an Eastern Cape motor
manufacturing company, who were relocated during the
period July 1991 to November 1993. Specifically, it aimed
to identify the coping behaviour of two samples of such
wives, those of employees ./ho were relocated from overseas
(international group) and those who were relocated from
within South Africa (national group). A control group,
comprised of wives of employees who f had not relocated
within the last ten or more years, was utilised. The study
made use of three research tools: a structured interview
schedule compiled by the researcher, the Beck's (1981)
Depression Inventory and the Hudson's (1982) Index of
Marital Satisfaction.
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Nkosi, Nonhlanhla Shirley. "The Baby Mat Project : similarities and differences between the experiences and perceptions of mothers and therapists." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/14951.
Full textAbstract:
The early relationship between mother and child is formative of a child’s later wellbeing. Disruptions in the mother-infant bond can result in insecure attachments. There therefore exist certain interventions which endeavour to avoid the development of insecure relationships and instead begin to develop more secure mother-infant bonds. Such interventions include the Ububele Baby Mat project run in Alexandra township, Johannesburg. As this intervention is still developing, the Ububele team requested that research be conducted on this intervention. This research aims to better understand the Ububele Baby Mat’s influence on those caregivers who access the Baby Mat service, and also to record the subjective experiences of the therapists who facilitate the mat service. The current research was therefore aimed at exploring the subjective experiences of both the mothers and therapists involved in the Baby Mat intervention and further to explore any similarities or differences between these two groups’ experiences. Data was obtained through semi-structured interviews with mothers who accessed the Baby Mat service and with both the therapists who facilitated the mother participants’ sessions. Thematic content analysis was used to analyses the data. The findings showed that in general mothers had a positive experience of the Baby Mat service and of the therapists on the mat. Another finding was that there were more similar experiences than different ones between mothers and therapists.
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Hardudh-Dass, Hasmita. "African mothers experiences of the "New Beginnings" mother-infant group psychotherapy programme : reflecting on mothering while living in a shelter." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/12605.
Full textAbstract:
Infant mental health in South Africa has been receiving more attention in recent
years. Mothers appear to be the main caregivers of infants but they face many
psychosocial, economic and cultural challenges. There exists very little evidence
suggesting that mothers living in shelters or institutions have access to the
necessary support and education to help them to understand their circumstances
and how this may impact on the attachment with their infant. The New Beginnings
Programme, as an early intervention model, is aimed at improving attachment
between mother and infant so as to reduce the potential risk of mental health
problems later in life for the infants, the mothers and future generations. This
evidence based intervention focuses on the mother and her capacity for
mentalisation, which refers to the mother’s capacity to hold her infant in mind and
recognise and respond to the inner states of the infant. The pilot study of the New
Beginnings Programme within a South African context took place in two shelters in
the Greater Johannesburg area. This particular study formed part of this bigger
research effort. The aim of this study was to explore the experiences of the mothers
who attended the New Beginnings programme. A secondary aim was to explore
these mothers’ experiences of the programme within the context of living in a shelter.
The adaptation of this programme to a South African context could contribute
significantly to bridging the gap in mother-infant attachment which could influence
the future mental health of the infant and their ability to foster ongoing healthy
attachments later in life. This qualitative study used semi-structured interviews and a
narrative analysis from the theoretical perspective of psychoanalytic attachment
theory. Thirteen mothers from two shelters participated in this research study.