Academic literature on the topic 'Refugees – International cooperation'
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Journal articles on the topic "Refugees – International cooperation"
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Triggs, Gillian D., and Patrick C. J. Wall. "‘The Makings of a Success’: The Global Compact on Refugees and the Inaugural Global Refugee Forum." International Journal of Refugee Law 32, no. 2 (June 2020): 283–339. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ijrl/eeaa024.
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Abstract The last five years have witnessed a dramatic increase in the number of forcibly displaced people worldwide, and a key part of the international response has been a multilateral and multi-stakeholder effort to develop an architecture to share more equitably and predictably the burden and responsibility for hosting and supporting the world’s refugees. This piece offers a reflective assessment of this regime-strengthening exercise – the key milestones of which have been the New York Declaration, the Global Compact on Refugees, and the first Global Refugee Forum – and assesses what has been achieved and what challenges still lie ahead. The Global Compact on Refugees is presented as the product of a ‘States plus’ approach to multilateralism that brought together a wide range of States, other stakeholders, and – importantly – refugees to fill a crucial gap in the international refugee protection regime. It seeks to do this by bolstering international cooperation with a view to enhancing protection and expanding access to solutions, building on existing and emerging trends, and laying the ground for future cooperation. The first Global Refugee Forum in December 2019 was an important and positive first step in the Compact’s implementation, but much more remains to be done before success can be declared. In postscript, the authors reflect on the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, its impact on the international refugee response regime, and the role for the Global Compact on Refugees in the response.
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Talwasa, Sanaa. "Türkiye’de “Daha İyi Bir Yaşam” Peşinde: Türkiye'deki Afgan Mültecilerin Durumunun İnsan Hakları Açısından Değerlendirilmesi." Üsküdar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 2020, no. 11 (November 2020): 245–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.32739/uskudarsbd.6.11.76.
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Turkey hosts the vast majority, more than four million, of refugees in the world, and Afghans make up the second-largest group of this population. Turkey is considered both a transit, a gate toward European countries, and a destination country for refugees due to its geographical position. Nevertheless, the majority of asylum seekers in Turkey are Syrian who have moved into since 2011. The author claims that Turkey and international refugee supporters prefer Syrian refugees’ legal protection, which causes Afghans to suffer massive violations of basic human rights during their journey to Turkey, after arrival, and while seeking refugee status in Turkey. This paper considers current condition of Afghan asylum seekers’ international human rights in Turkey who are waiting for their final destination toward European countries. Similarly, this paper highlights the possible consequences of current strategies’ application on Afghan refugees’ human rights conditions based on UNHCR's most recent system. The author includes practical recommendations and suggestions for international society as well as Turkey to enhance the human rights condition of refugees, especially Afghans, since this concept requires global cooperation rather than only Turkey’s efforts.
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Morel, Michèle. "The lack of refugee burden-sharing in Tanzania: tragic effects." Afrika Focus 22, no. 1 (February 25, 2008): 107–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2031356x-02201009.
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The United Republic of Tanzania has been and currently still is one of the most important host countries in the world for refugees. The majority of those refugees have been living in camps for many years and have no prospect of a durable solution of their situation via repatriation, integration or resettlement. As a result, Tanzania is confronted with protracted refugee situations. The purpose of this article is to answer the question who is responsible for the plight of these refugees. Tanzania’s national refugee policy since the 1960s is analysed, whereby a clear evolution can be observed from an ‘Open Door’ policy to a policy with heavy restrictions and the absence of local integration as a durable solution. However, it will be concluded that it is not Tanzania but the international community that is to be held responsible. There is a lack of international refugee burden-sharing, as evidenced by the lack of an international legal framework for durable solutions for refugees. A ‘common but differentiated responsibility’ should be the basis of international cooperation to solve protracted refugee situations such as those occurring in Tanzania.
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Dowd, Rebecca, and Jane McAdam. "INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AND RESPONSIBILITY-SHARING TO PROTECT REFUGEES: WHAT, WHY AND HOW?" International and Comparative Law Quarterly 66, no. 4 (August 22, 2017): 863–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020589317000343.
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AbstractWhile countries that receive refugees have certain legal obligations to assist and protect them, the legal duties of other States to step in and help relieve this burden is less clear. Despite multiple proposals, a mechanism to systematically, equitably and predictably allocate responsibilities between States at a global level has still not been agreed. The UN's High-Level Summit on Addressing Large Movements of Refugees on 19 September 2016 held some promise in this regard, but the resulting New York Declaration was more muted than earlier drafts. This article seeks to provide a unique insight into the meaning of responsibility-sharing and international cooperation from the perspective of individual States. It does so by examining statements they have made at various UN fora over the past decade. It focuses on the two main methods of sharing responsibilities, namely the provision of financial and other assistance to host countries, and the admission of refugees. It then considers the extent to which States perceive responsibility-sharing to be a legal obligation, as opposed to a voluntary undertaking, and analyses this in light of expert opinion. Finally, it discusses the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities, a concept drawn from international environmental law, and considers whether and how it might apply in the international refugee law context.
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Lambert, Hélène. "TEMPORARY REFUGE FROM WAR: CUSTOMARY INTERNATIONAL LAW AND THE SYRIAN CONFLICT." International and Comparative Law Quarterly 66, no. 3 (April 11, 2017): 723–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020589317000124.
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AbstractThe rule of temporary refuge forms the cornerstone of the response of States to large-scale influx of refugees. In the context of civilians fleeing armed conflict, this legal rule imposes a positive obligation onallStates to admit and not to return anyone to a situation where there is a risk to life, and to provide basic rights commensurate with human dignity. Also implicit in the rule is the expectation of shared responsibility for large numbers of refugees and of international cooperation towards finding durable solutions. This article examines the customary international law of temporary refuge (also known as temporary protection) in relation to the Syrian conflict. It discusses implementation of the rule in the practice of three countries neighbouring Syria, and in the EU. It finds that the practice of Turkey, Lebanon and Jordan has been consistent with the rule of temporary refuge. However, the EU has decided not to use the Temporary Protection Directive; instead individual Member States have relied on the Refugee Convention and EU law, combined with various other measures not pertinent to temporary protection. It is concluded that shared responsibility is the linchpin of temporary refuge. Absent this keystone, the rule of temporary refuge is likely to continue to be implemented primarily in a regional context by those countries nearest to the country affected by the conflict, as in the case of Syria.
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Smeshko, E. I. "Sahrawi Refugees in Algeria: How Do “The People in Exile” Live?" Islam in the modern world 16, no. 2 (July 25, 2020): 243–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.22311/2074-1529-2020-16-2-243-254.
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The article is devoted to the study of the conditions of life of the Sahrawi people who live in refugee camps in Algeria since 1970s due to the Western Sahara conflict. The process of political settlement of the Western Sahara conflict has been de facto suspended, however the situation in the Sahrawi refugee camps remains unstable and requires new solutions and international cooperation. The article provides a historical overview of the emergence of the refugee camps in Tindouf and examines existing mechanisms for international supporting the Sahrawi people. The author tends to analyze activities of the UN system organizations and agencies. Annual events within the framework of the FiSahara Film Festival to support Sahrawi are reported. Particular emphasis is placed on the role of Islam in Sahrawi society and the possibilities to benefit from the Islamic identity of the Sahrawi people to the Islamic cooperation and helping for refugees from Muslimmajority states. It is shown that the authorities of the unrecognized Sahara Arab Democratic Republic (the front POLISARIO) create the image of the secular Sahrawi community to overcome Islamophobia and receive humanitarian aid from a wide range of non-governmental organizations, including Christian and secular ones. At the same time, the true religious component of refugees’ life is hidden from the international community.
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Macaraig, Christine Elizabeth, and Fariz Pradipta Mursyid. "The Plight of Refugees in ASEAN Member Countries." Technium Social Sciences Journal 15 (January 20, 2021): 633–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.47577/tssj.v15i1.2520.
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This paper identifies and analyzes the efforts of ASEAN member states in addressing the contemporary threats and hardships experienced by refugees. The situation is further exacerbated by the pandemic brought about by the COVID-19 coronavirus. As an international organization, ASEAN is expected to have a collective and cooperative strategy to address this. However, ASEAN member states do not exhibit large-scale collaborative efforts to resolve the plight of the refugees. Rather, mutual agreements seem to be limited to the host/transit country and the native country of the refugees. Liberal institutionalist theory that emphasizes the function of international institutions to aid multinationals cooperation in certain areas is used to explain ASEAN’s role to deal with the plight of refugees in South East Asia. It is recommended for ASEAN members to re-examine the potential of international relations in securing a safer and sustainable future for refugees.
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Garnier, Adèle. "Arrested Development? UNHCR, ILO, and the Refugees’ Right to Work." Refuge: Canada's Journal on Refugees 30, no. 2 (November 19, 2014): 15–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.25071/1920-7336.39615.
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This article contributes to literature assessing power dynamics in the emerging global migration governance. Drawing on Barnett and Finnemore’s analysis of bureaucratic culture in international organizations, it investigates inter-agency cooperation between the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees and the International Labour Organization in the promotion of refugees’ right to work in the last two decades. While the mandate and activities of both organizations appear to significantly intersect in the promotion of this right, practical constraints related to states’ diverging interests, differences in institutional structure, and discursive ambivalence in the situation of the refugee worker limit coordination and effectiveness.
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Betts, Alexander. "Institutional Proliferation and the Global Refugee Regime." Perspectives on Politics 7, no. 1 (February 12, 2009): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1537592709090082.
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This article explores the impact of institutional proliferation on the politics of refugee protection. The refugee regime mainly comprises the 1951 Convention on the Status of Refugees and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR). Recently, however, new parallel and overlapping institutions have emerged in relation to two previously unregulated areas: internally displaced persons (IDPs) and international migration. This institutional proliferation has affected both state strategy and IO strategy in relation to refugee protection. It has enabled Northern states to engage in regime shifting. They have used the new institutions to prevent refugees reaching their territory, thereby avoiding incurring UN rules on refugee protection, and transferring burdens to Southern states. The resulting reduction in international cooperation in the refugee regime has contributed to UNHCR fundamentally redefining its strategy in order to become more relevant to Northern states. In particular, it has pursued states into the migration and IDP regimes into which they have shifted through a combination of stretching its mandate, engaging in the politics of the emerging regimes, and issue-linkage. The article's analysis draws attention to the potentially significant relationship between institutional proliferation and IO adaptation and change.
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Putri, Respati Triana, and Febri Tursandi Ar-Rasyid. "CONCRETIZE THE HANDLING AND PROTECTION OF REFUGEES ACROSS NATIONAL BORDERS IN INDONESIA." Journal of Law and Border Protection 2, no. 2 (December 17, 2020): 109–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.52617/jlbp.v2i2.201.
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This paper was written to find out the state of application of international legal instruments regarding refugee cases in a cross-brick country and to find out why there was a flow of refugees across Indonesian borders. By conducting studies in several libraries so that a written paper is created which has several important points, namely first, the State of Indonesia as a developing country does not have to justify the contents of the 1951 convention and the 1967 Protocol, because the Indonesian state has practiced the contents of the international agreements that have been mentioned. And refugees will continue to enter and make Indonesia a transit point to occupy destination countries that have been targeted by refugees. Second, cooperation between the Indonesian government and international institutions such as IOM and UNHCR is believed to be able to solve the problem of refugees which continues to be present in the territory of the State of Indonesia even though in practice it is often problematic in the realm of immigration because there is no governing law in Indonesia or the Indonesian authorities that determine it. Refugee status for those who enter Indonesian territory without holding official letters or documents related to entry into Indonesian territory. Therefore, the Immigration Service classifies them as legal immigrants if they are part of the refugees and cooperate with UNHCR, which is an international institution as a follow-up to determine the status of immigrants.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Refugees – International cooperation"
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Mensah, David Ampoma. "An exploration of refugee integration : a case study of Krisan refugee camp, Ghana." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1014.
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Conflict in Africa remains one of the continent’s principal development challenges. The human, economic and development costs of conflict are immense. A peaceful and secure environment remains the greatest priority for ordinary Africans across the continent. However, this often remains a mirage for many as violent armed conflicts continue to take its toll on many ordinary citizens, often, displacing them as refugees. Some refugees remain in very a deplorable refugee camps that offer them no prospects of decent livelihood for many years. With fear that they would be persecuted upon return to their countries of origin and often the delays in finding solutions to political violence, refugees remain in a protracted situation. A Protracted refugee situation means that refugees have lived in exile for more than five years with no immediate prospect of finding a durable solution to their plight by means of voluntary repatriation, local integration or resettlement. Thousands of refugees who fled violent conflicts in the West Africa and other parts of Africa have lived for more than a decade in the Krisan and Buduburam refugee camps in Ghana. A situation that can be termed protracted. This paper investigated the perceptions of local Ghanaians, Refugees of Krisan Refugee Camp and Government Official on the integration of refugees in Ghana. Krisan Refugee Camp which was built in 1996, particularly, houses about 1,700 refugees from nine countries: The Democratic Republic of Congo, Congo Brazzaville, Côte d’Ivoire, Chad, Liberia, Sierra Leone and The Sudan. The refugees have lived with the indigenous people of Krisan village for more than a decade and thus offered the best case for the investigation. The researcher used qualitative triangulation method to collect data. That is, he observed the refugees, the local people and supervisors of the refugee camp who made up the sample population. The researcher was able to conduct a face to face in-depth interview and studied necessary documents that informed the study immensely. Thematic data analysis revealed economic and employment opportunities, security, cultural and social networking and finally good counselling on the three traditional durable solutions as the themes greatly impacting on the integration of refugees in Ghana. A number of recommendations are made to inform the management and integration of refugees in Ghana and in Africa in general.
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Orchard, Philip. "A right to leave : refugees, states, and international society." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/1261.
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This dissertation investigates regime-based efforts by states to cooperate in providing assistance and protection to refugees since 1648. It argues from a constructivist perspective that state interests and identities are shaped both by other actors in the international system - including norm entrepreneurs, non-governmental organizations, and international organizations - and by the broader normative environment. Refugees are a by-product of this environment. Fundamental institutions - including territoriality, popular sovereignty, and international law - formed a system in which exit was one of the few mechanisms of survival for those who were religiously and politically persecuted.
This led states to recognize that people who were so persecuted were different from ordinary migrants and had a right to flee their own state and seek accommodation elsewhere. States recognized this right to leave, but did not recognize a requirement that any given state had a responsibility to accept these refugees. This contradiction creates a dilemma in international relations, one which states have sought to solve through international cooperation.
The dissertation explores policy change within the United States and Great Britain at the international and domestic levels in order to understand the tensions within current refugee protection efforts. Three regimes, based in different normative understandings, have framed state cooperation. In the first, during the 19th century, refugees were granted protections under domestic and then bilateral law through extradition treaties. The second, in the interwar period, saw states taught by norm entrepreneurs that multilateral organizations could successfully assist refugees, though states remained unwilling to provide blanket assistance and be bound by international law. These issues led to the failure of states to accommodate Jewish refugees fleeing from Germany in the 1930s. The third, since the Second World War, had a greater consistency among its norms, especially recognition by states of the need for international law. Once again, this process was shaped by other actors, including the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR). This regime has been challenged by increased refugee numbers and restrictions on the part of states, but its central purpose remains robust due to the actions of actors such as the UNHCR.
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Baribonekeza, Jean-Baptiste. "Political participation of refugees as a means to realise the right to repatriation : the search for a durable solution to the refugee problem in Africa." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2006. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_3730_1190369773.
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This paper sought to discuss the questions whether refugees have the right to return to their country of origin and whether their participation in the political life of that country may be used as a means to realise their right to return.
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McNamara, Karen Elizabeth School of Biological Earth & Environmental Science UNSW. "The politics of ???environmental refugee??? protection at the United Nations." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Science, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/26972.
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This thesis seeks to better conceptualise how and why there is an absence of international protection for ???environmental refugees???, and to place these findings in the critical geopolitics literature. A poststructuralist framework, drawing on Foucault???s ideas of discourse, subjectivity, power and governance, was deemed most appropriate for this thesis, and provided a means of differentiation from previous literature on ???environmental refugees???. This thesis develops a genealogy of the subject category of ???environmental refugees??? since the 1970s, to better understand how the United Nations, Inter-Governmental Organisations (IGOs), Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) and the media have constructed environmental issues and refugees in texts. Fieldwork undertaken in 2004 enabled me to conduct 45 semistructured interviews with United Nations diplomats and representatives from IGOs and NGOs. Critical scrutiny of these interview texts revealed the constructions of ???environmental refugees??? as various subject identities, particularly in relation to climate change. Pacific ambassadors to the United Nations were also interviewed in 2004 to explore how they negotiated discourses on climate change and ???environmental refugees???, and attempted to articulate their concerns at the United Nations. This thesis contends that an absence of policy at the United Nations to protect ???environmental refugees??? has been produced by a combination of discursive and institutional politics. Unequal power structures at the United Nations have limited the capacity of small island states to lobby and articulate concerns, while subject categories of ???environmental refugees??? have been constructed in ways that alter the terms of debate, evade legal response, or deflect blame away from the perpetrators of environmental damage. Reasons for this policy absence have been the shifting attitudes towards environmental issues and the role of multilateral political institutions. The overall contribution of this thesis is to critical geopolitics, through its examination of the role of multilateralism, representations of environmental issues causing population displacement, and how and why policy absences are created within multilateral institutions such as the United Nations.
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Strausz, Michael. "Cetaceans and citizens : international norms and debates about national identity in Japan /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10765.
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Curraladas, Marilu Aparecida Dicher Vieira da Cunha Reimão. "Dignidade da pessoa humana e a (re) formulação do conceito de soberania estatal frente ao direito internacional dos refugiados: por uma cultura político-jurídica internacional de responsabilidade comum." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2018. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/21002.
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Marilu Aparecida Dicher Vieira da Cunha Reimão Curraladas.pdf: 1435915 bytes, checksum: 247c6449ad2d4eeedbf47f0a2d08f3d9 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-11T11:52:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marilu Aparecida Dicher Vieira da Cunha Reimão Curraladas.pdf: 1435915 bytes, checksum: 247c6449ad2d4eeedbf47f0a2d08f3d9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-09
The present research aims to reflect on the current scope of the concept of state sovereignty in relation to International Refugee Law and the possibility of pointing to the expansion and renewal of the means of protection offered by International Law as a necessary way to safeguard the person human being characterized by its intrinsic dignity, regardless of its State of origin or nationality. In order to do so, the analysis of the philosophical and juridical evolution of the concept of human dignity seeks to provide critical insights on the role played by international law in the face of the positivization of human rights and the philosophical basis of the dignity of the human person that permeates relations to defend the need to broaden the current scope of the concept of state sovereignty and, at the same time, limit its exercise, still based on an international society and its old paradigms. It is therefore proposed to establish a true international community, specifically with regard to refugees, to act in cooperation and with joint responsibility both in the reception of these people and in the search for and implementation of solutions of a global nature for this problem that affects the world as a whole. This sets the tone for the choice of theme and development of this research, since States, within the current international configuration, cannot be attributed the prerogative to evade this common responsibility under the claim of sovereignty. To that end, it is proposed to reformulate the conception of sovereignty of the State which, by adding the solid limit of respect for the dignity of the human person and establishing within the sphere of competence and responsibility of each State the first function of guardianship of human rights, has the necessary configuration that contemporaneity demands in the construction of the human person as an effective subject of law in the international scope
A presente pesquisa tem por escopo trazer uma reflexão acerca do atual alcance do conceito de soberania estatal frente ao Direito Internacional dos Refugiados e da possibilidade de se apontar para a expansão e renovação dos meios de proteção oferecidos pelo Direito Internacional como via necessária à salvaguarda da pessoa humana caracterizada por sua intrínseca dignidade, independentemente de seu Estado de origem ou nacionalidade. Para tanto, partindo da análise da evolução filosófica e jurídica do conceito de dignidade da pessoa humana, busca-se subsídios críticos acerca do papel desempenhado pelo Direito Internacional diante da positivação dos direitos humanos e da base filosófica da dignidade da pessoa humana que permeia as relações internacionais para se defender a necessidade de ampliar o atual alcance do conceito soberania estatal, e, concomitantemente, limitar o seu exercício, ainda baseado em uma sociedade internacional e seus antigos paradigmas. Propõem-se, assim, o estabelecimento de uma verdadeira comunidade internacional, especificamente no que diz respeito aos refugiados, a atuar em cooperação e com responsabilidade comum tanto no acolhimento dessas pessoas quanto na busca e efetivação de soluções de caráter global para essa problemática que afeta o mundo como um todo. Esta reflexão configura o mote para a escolha do tema e desenvolvimento desta pesquisa, uma vez que aos Estados, dentro da atual configuração internacional, não se pode atribuir a prerrogativa de se esvair dessa responsabilidade comum sob a alegação de exercício da soberania. Nesse intuito, propugna-se pela reformulação da concepção de soberania do Estado que, ao agregar o sólido limite do respeito à dignidade da pessoa humana e ao estabelecer dentro da esfera da competência e da responsabilidade de cada Estado a função primeira de tutela dos direitos humanos, passa a ter a necessária configuração que a contemporaneidade demanda na construção da pessoa humana como um efetivo sujeito de direito no âmbito internacional
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Manasek, Jared. "Empire Displaced: Ottoman-Habsburg Forced Migration and the Near Eastern Crisis, 1875-1878." Thesis, 2013. https://doi.org/10.7916/D8D798BC.
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This dissertation examines the case of 250-300,000 largely Orthodox Christian refugees who fled Ottoman Bosnia and Hercegovina for the Habsburg Empire during the uprisings of 1875-1878. The violence during this period started out as a peasant uprising, but over the course of three years cascaded into revolts and violence across the Ottoman Balkans and led to a major European diplomatic crisis. The Treaty of Berlin of 1878, which ended the violence, reconfigured the political geography of the Balkans, making the former Ottoman provinces of Montenegro, Romania, and Serbia independent; giving a sweeping autonomy to Bulgaria, and handing over to Austria-Hungary the administration of a nominally Ottoman Bosnia and Hercegovina. Refugees played an under-appreciated role in the international and domestic politics of the period, and this dissertation argues that forced migration was in fact one of the key considerations of Great Power diplomacy. Forced migration offered a means to measure degree of violence, and control over population movement offered a way for empires to lay claims to legitimacy. In a similar manner, philanthropists and international humanitarians used forced migration to build and advocate for their own civic spheres. The dissertation argues that during this period, the modern category of "refugee" was defined as states developed processes to manage refugees domestically and to create international policies for refugee aid and return.
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Okello-Wengi, Sebastian. "Analysing the support systems for refugees in southern Africa: the case of Botswana." Thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/1256.
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The purpose of this study was to analyse the support systems for refugees in Southern Africa with specific reference to the Republic of Botswana. Qualitative framework as described by Lofland and Lofland (1984), Schensus and Schensus (1992) was used to conduct the investigation. Interviews were conducted with thirty refugees who currently living in Botswana as a refugee or asylum seeker. Focus group discussion was also held with twenty-six refugee workers.
Interview findings were derived using Glaser and Straus' (1976) and Van Maanen, (1979) constant comparative method of qualitative analysis and were grouped into four major categories. Among the most significant findings were that the subjects agreed that on paper and by design, there are structures for providing the different services to refugees but refugees are not provided with adequate services. The second finding is that the support systems for refugees in Botswana are more focused on the provision of material support with little attention given to the psychosocial needs of the refugees. The third finding is that the Botswana government withheld some of the Articles of the 1951 UN refugee Convention, which deal with the socio-economic rights of refugees in Botswana. The fourth finding is that refugee workers need specialised training to enable them to address a wide rage of psychosocial issues affecting refugees. Last major finding is that there is no established clear system of service delivery in the participating agencies. The researcher concluded that because of trauma and stress experienced by refugees and refugee workers, there is a need to improve on the psychosocial support provided to refugees and refugee workers in Botswana by improving the knowledge and skills of refugee workers and promoting refugee participation.
The researcher recommends two urgent actions that should be taken. First, the refugee management in Botswana need to improve on its service quality control mechanism, including evaluating its legal and operational framework. Second, psychosocial components need to be integrated into every aspect of the refugee programmes. This will support recovery for the many traumatised refugees and refugee workers in Botswana.Social work
DPHIL (SOCIAL WORK)
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Turton, Anthony Richard. "The hydropolitics of Southern Africa: the case of the Zambezi river basin as an area of potential co-operation based on Allan's concept of virtual water." Diss., 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/16231.
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Southern Africa generally has an arid climate and many hydrologists are predicting an increase in water scarcity over time. This research seeks to understand the implications of this in socio-political terms. The study is cross-disciplinary, examining how policy interventions can be used to solve the problem caused by the interaction between hydrology and demography. The conclusion is that water scarcity is not the actual problem, but is perceived as the problem by policy-makers. Instead,
water scarcity is the manifestation of the problem, with root causes being a combination of climate change, population growth and misallocation of water within the economy due to a desire for national self-sufficiency in agriculture. The solution lies in the trade of products with a high water content, also known as 'virtual water'. Research on this specific issue is called for by the White Paper on Water Policy for South Africa.Political Sciences
M.A. (International Politics)
Books on the topic "Refugees – International cooperation"
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Gordenker, Leon. Refugees in international politics. New York: Columbia University Press, 1987.
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Refugees in international politics. London: Croom Helm, 1987.
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Loescher, Gil, and Alexander Betts. Refugees in international relations. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011.
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Refugees in international relations. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011.
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Beyond charity: International cooperation and the global refugee crisis. New York: Oxford University Press, 1993.
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Loescher, Gil. Beyond charity: International cooperation and the global refugee crisis. New York: Oxford University Press, 1996.
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Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. Executive Committee of the High Commissioner's Programme. UNHCR policy on refugee women. [Geneva, Switzerland: The Commissioner, 1990.
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Protection by persuasion: International cooperation in the refugee regime. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2009.
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Betts, Alexander. Protection by persuasion: International cooperation in the refugee regime. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2009.
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Ruwanda Nanmin Kyūentai Zaīru Goma no 80-nichi: Waga kuni saisho no jindōteki kokusai kyūen katsudō. Tōkyō: Naigai Shuppan, 2007.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Refugees – International cooperation"
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Danisi, Carmelo, Moira Dustin, Nuno Ferreira, and Nina Held. "Life in the Countries of Origin, Departure and Travel Towards Europe." In IMISCOE Research Series, 139–78. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69441-8_5.
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AbstractAccording to the United Nations (UN), at least 258 million people are moving across countries around the globe, consciously or unconsciously, in search of a safe and dignified life (IOM 2019; UN 2017). The international attempt to regulate these movements through the so-called Compacts seems unlikely to provide effective solutions. Often criticised as being non-binding instruments but with great potential in shaping states’ future behaviour (Türk 2018), the Compacts are not explicit in including SOGI minorities in the measures to be adopted through international cooperation for improving the management of migration and refugee flows, while respecting their human rights. It is noticeable that objective no. 7 (‘Address and reduce vulnerabilities in migration’) of the Global Compact related to migration refers to ‘victims of violence, including sexual and gender-based violence (…) [and] persons who are discriminated against on any basis’ as examples of vulnerable groups and, more generally, advances the development of gender-responsive migration policies (Atak et al. 2018). Equally, the Global Compact on Refugees pays attention in all fields to ‘sexual and gender-based violence’, while calling upon states to strengthen international efforts to prevent and combat it (paras. 5, 13, 51, 57, 59, 72 and 75). Yet, although this wording may be inclusive of SOGI, the Compacts avoided any specific reference or commitment in relation either to migrants who identify themselves as LGBTIQ+ or to SOGI claimants, perhaps owing to the need for the widest possible consensus among UN member states to secure the Compacts’ adoption. This represents a missed opportunity to raise awareness of SOGI asylum claimants’ needs at the universal level and speed up multilateral solutions to the movements across countries of people fleeing homophobia and transphobia.
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Guy S, Goodwin-Gill, McAdam Jane, and Dunlop Emma. "Part 3 Protection, 10 International Cooperation, Protection, and Solutions." In The Refugee in International Law. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198808565.003.0010.
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This chapter addresses international cooperation, protection, and solutions. ‘Protection’ is useful shorthand to describe the complex of obligations derived from general international law and from international refugee and human rights law. ‘Protection’ is often an end in itself, but it also has a goal beyond that moment, which is a durable solution in which refugees can live in safety and with dignity, not subject to arbitrary expulsion, discrimination, or alienation. ‘Solutions’, in turn, is the overarching objective of the international refugee regime itself, premised upon international cooperation to solve humanitarian problems, which is among the purposes and guiding principles of the United Nations. The chapter considers the rights background which undergirds the situation of the displaced, and then examines the three traditional durable solutions of voluntary repatriation, local integration, and resettlement, as well as labour mobility and other complementary pathways that may secure refugees admission to, and inclusion in, a State.
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Loescher, Gil. "4. Responding to refugee movements." In Refugees: A Very Short Introduction, 54–72. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780198811787.003.0004.
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This chapter discusses the global refugee system. The fundamental principles are detailed in the 1951 Refugee Convention and the core institution of the system is the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR). These instruments are supposed to ensure that refugees have access to key rights. However, today’s global refugee system has often had difficulty in providing effective responses to refugee movements. The chapter examines the principal constraints on responding to refugee movements through international cooperation within the context of a radically changing international political system, an expanding global mobility regime, and a growing and diverse group of displaced people in need of assistance and protection.
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Loescher, Gil. "5. Perceptions and misperceptions about refugees." In Refugees: A Very Short Introduction, 73–87. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780198811787.003.0005.
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This chapter looks at perceptions and misperceptions about refugees, considering anti-refugee and anti-migrant rhetoric. The lived experiences of refugees and asylum seekers are often far removed from how they are represented in the media and public discourse. While it would be hard to generalize from these diverse experiences, the responses of states, the lack of international cooperation, and the limits of the global refugee system have fuelled many misperceptions about refugees. The chapter then discusses how restrictive policies affect all refugees. They can compound the challenges faced by particular categories of vulnerable refugees, such as women, children and adolescents, the elderly, refugees with disabilities, and members of the LGBTQ community.
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Francesca P, Albanese, and Takkenberg Lex. "Part Three Protection and Solutions, VII Protection of Palestinian Refugees." In Palestinian Refugees in International Law. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198784043.003.0008.
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This chapter examines the protection dimension of the distinctive regime set up for Palestinian refugees in an historical and comparative fashion. It then addresses the need for international protection of Palestinian refugees. As Palestinian refugees in need of protection have spread outside UNRWA’s area of operations, the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) became increasingly involved. Since the mid-2000s, cooperation between UNHCR and UNRWA has become more structured. As awareness of the protection needs of Palestinians has increased, so have the contributions of others, including UN agencies and human rights mechanisms, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and the Palestinians’ own embassies. These developments reflect a profound change: a shift from treating protection of Palestinians as something exceptional and separate from the global regime for refugees to a recognition that their protection is and should be treated as an integral, albeit distinct, part of that regime. Ultimately, a major improvement in the protection of Palestinian refugees would occur if states and regional bodies fully honoured their commitments and obligations under international law, and, for those state parties to the international refugee regime, the obligations stemming from it. For this to happen and to ensure continuity of protection, the partnership between UNRWA and UNHCR should be upgraded through a comprehensive approach aimed at ensuring that practices fully align with the provisions of relevant UN resolutions, Article 1D of the 1951 Convention and human rights norms.
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Ahmed, Zahid Shahab. "The Syrian Refugee Crisis and the Role of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC)." In Immigration and the Current Social, Political, and Economic Climate, 697–706. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-6918-3.ch038.
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Following the Arab Spring, the Middle East is in chaos with ongoing wars in Yemen and Syria. There are millions of Syrians seeking refuge in neighboring countries like Turkey and Lebanon, and in European countries like Greece, Hungary, and Germany. Nonetheless, the largest proportion of Syrian refugees in hosted by neighboring countries needing continuous support of the international community. As the issue of Syrian refugees is transnational, there is a need to look for multilateral options for dealing with the crisis. Thus, the role of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) becomes crucial. Irrespective of being labelled as a ‘talk fest', there is no denying of the fact that OIC has significant potential for tackling grave challenges facing the Muslim world. The problems range from extremism and radicalization to poverty and illiteracy. Now there is the emergent challenge of refugees from the Middle Eastern crisis. This paper evaluates the role of OIC with reference to the Syrian refugee crisis in the Middle East and beyond.
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Jay, Ramasubramanyam. "Part III Regional Regimes, Ch.22 Regional Refugee Regimes: South Asia." In The Oxford Handbook of International Refugee Law. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198848639.003.0023.
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This chapter examines some of the ongoing challenges in the South Asian region and demonstrates the lacunae that persist with respect to conceptualizing displacement there. It explores protection mechanisms that have been established in the region as ad hoc alternatives to hegemonic protection norms, given the lack of a formal institutional approach there. The chapter provides some insights into whether a consistent and comprehensive regional approach to refugee protection can be identified based on past practices. As will be evident throughout, a South Asian regime for refugee protection can be conceived largely through individual State practice and through bilateral agreements. In fact, the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation has construed refugee movement as a matter of bilateral or trilateral relations, and has regarded international agreements as constricting States’ freedom of action. The chapter then considers refugee movements in the region, discussing the ‘Eurocentrism’ of the global refugee regime that led to the establishment of a de facto framework of subcontinental defiance. It assesses UNHCR’s operational presence in South Asia and its impact on refugee protection. Finally, the chapter examines how national constitutional provisions have been interpreted in a way that provides some protection to refugees.
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Blitz, Brad K., Alessio D’Angelo, and Eleonore Kofman. "Counting the population in need of international protection globally." In Data in Society, 91–102. Policy Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447348214.003.0008.
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Different international and regional agencies count the number of persons crossing borders and internally displaced within states worldwide. Boosted in particular by conflicts in the Middle East, the number of refugees has grown to 15.1 million in 2015 and people of concern to 63.5 million. States have also sought to reduce the number recognised as Convention refugees (as defined in 1951) and are seeking to reinterpret their obligations and introducing limitations on those to be protected. The quality of data used to advance UNHCR programmes varies from one category of protected person to another, thus raising important questions for the management and delivery of protection-related services. Moreover, data are not disaggregated by age and gender, and in spite of greater efforts at multilateral cooperation, these datasets do not cover the same populations as those produced by other agencies. This chapter reviews the coverage of people of concern in the UNHCR’s guidelines and identifies gaps in the datasets used by UN and multilateral agencies tasked with the protection of refugees, IDPs and other people of concern. It suggests that these datasets need to be broadened to include other categories of vulnerable individuals and groups and that further disaggregation is needed.
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Goldin, Ian. "7. Globalization and development." In Development: A Very Short Introduction, 112–36. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780198736257.003.0007.
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The relationship between globalization and development is contested. For some, globalization is a powerful force for poverty reduction and has led to leaps in life expectancy and other key dimensions of development. For others, globalization has negative implications and is seen as a source of growing inequality, poverty, unemployment, and environmental destruction. ‘Globalization and development’ considers the important aspects of globalization that have an impact on development: global financial flows and different types of financial investment; the promotion of equitable trade for developing countries; technological progress; international regulation and cooperation to prevent transfer pricing and tax avoidance; and the impact of international migration and the rise of refugees due to civil war and genocide.
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Geddes, Andrew. "Prospects for Global Migration Governance." In Governing Migration Beyond the State, 170–92. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198842750.003.0007.
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While the prospects for a comprehensive system of global migration governance are remote, this chapter argues that this may be beside the point. Instead, efforts to build capacity, shared understanding of challenges, and efforts to persuade states of the benefits of cooperation can exist without formalized overarching structures. The chapter documents efforts that have been made, identifying the key role played by key organizations such as the International Organization for Migration (IOM), the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), and the International Labour Organization (ILO). The chapter also demonstrates how the ‘global’ has become increasingly contested in the politics of some key destination states, which shows how prospects for global migration governance are not a merely technical question but raise important political questions. The chapter also shows the centrality of regions in mediating the relationship between the global and the national levels.
Conference papers on the topic "Refugees – International cooperation"
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Scientific Committee, EAAE-ARCC-IC. "EAAE-ARCC International Conference & 2nd VIBRArch: The architect and the city. Vol. 2." In EAAE-ARCC International Conference & 2nd VIBRArch. Valencia: Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/eaae-arcc-ic.2020.13832.
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Contemporary thinking regarding architecture is nowadays rather dispersed. But most authors totally agree in the characteristics of the modern subject who inhabits it. This subject is rational, employs several logics and language resources, has articulated complex societies and organizational structures and has created cities to meet and grow. This anthropological relation between architecture and city has gone through different stages in recent times. In the first half of the twentieth century, cities took the initiative by means of their experts as a direct extension of a society which was questioning many aspects of obedience. However, the second half of the twentieth century was marked by a more acquiescent temper, with profitability and productivity in the foreground. As a result, their remarkable growing often has blurred them, habitational products are not connected with social subjects and development initiative is taken by productive sectors. Facing this situation, architecture has recently made a move and has retaken the initiative leaded by a third revisionist generation which employs different cultural variables such as alterity, applied sociology or social activism. Debates on sustainability, landscape, environment, new documentary frameworks and mapping processes, have set the place for new reflections on: limits, borders, traces, surroundings-city interaction, compact or diffuse cities, and many more. Along with such a themed view new topics such as revisiting the rural, have emerged. This third way has collaterally connected with new parameters derived from committed activism such as cooperation, development, third world, urban overcrowdings, residual fabrics, refugee camps, and others which have incorporated new material and strategic discourses on recycling, crowdfunding or low-cost. The profusion of divisions of the problem has characterized a time of fragmented tests, with a noticeable loss of general perspective and where the architects’ responsibility about the cities has again broken through but in a fairly hesitant and slow way. Against this background, a fourth and contemporary and critical generation is characterized by the cohesion of speeches, positions and approaches. With an inclusive, transversal and revisionist nature, incorporates and revisits concepts such as feminism, gender, childhood, shelter, migration, wealth, transversality, glocality, interculturality, multiculturality and many more. Hence, we nowadays face the challenge of refounding the concept of city for the future generations, subjected to the duality of the inherited city and its expansion, to the duality of what is consigned and what is missing. The 2020 edition of the EAAE-ARCC International Conference to be held in Valencia, Spain, along with the 2nd edition of the Valencia International Biennial of Research in Architecture will welcome keynote speakers and papers that explore the future of cities and the regained leading role that architects should have in its design.