Journal articles on the topic 'Refugee'
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1
Mwenyango, Hadijah, and George Palattiyil. "Health needs and challenges of women and children in Uganda’s refugee settlements: Conceptualising a role for social work." International Social Work 62, no. 6 (September 9, 2019): 1535–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020872819865010.
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With 1.36 million refugees, Uganda has witnessed Africa’s highest refugee crisis and is confronted with subsequent protection and assistance demands. The Government of Uganda and its partners are trying to support refugees to overcome the associated debilitating health conditions, and it recently shot to prominence in refuge management. Despite this, there are still gaps in health service provision for refugees. This article discusses the health situation of refugee women and children living in Uganda’s refugee settlements, explores the existing health service gaps, and argues that there is a need to extend the role of social work in health services for refugees.
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Lauterbach, Karen. "“A Refugee Pastor in a Refugee Church”." Migration and Society 4, no. 1 (June 1, 2021): 149–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/arms.2021.040114.
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This article discusses “refugee-refugee hosting” in a faith-based context. It looks particularly at Congolese churches in Kampala, Uganda, that play a crucial role for Congolese refugees seeking refuge and protection. The article analyzes hybrid forms of hosting in a faith-based context and discusses the implications of this for how guest and host categories are perceived. Four different patterns of refugee-refugee hosting are explored in which the relationship between host and guest as well as pastor and church member differ. The article argues that social status and hierarchies are important for how hosting is practiced. Moreover, religious ideas of gift giving, sacrifice, and reciprocity also influence hosting in this context.
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Eberechi, Oghenerioborue Esther. "The Challenges of Protecting Refugees in Mixed Migration, vis-à-vis the Application of Articles 1f and 31 of the Refugee Convention." Obiter 41, no. 2 (October 1, 2020): 275–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/obiter.v41i2.9150.
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This article embarks on a critical analysis of the application of articles 1F and 31 of the Refugee Convention in a mixed migration setting in Africa. It exposes the problem of mixed migration and how it affects refugees and offers a brief history and scope and purpose of these articles. This study argues that article 1F(b) is ambiguous and inadequate, and that it provides room for adjudicators to exclude certain migrants from refugee status. On the other hand, owing to vagueness in these articles, refugees can be penalised, criminalised and detained for possible extradition and repatriation. Additionally, refugees who enter countries of refuge amidst other migrants may find it difficult to report to an appropriate centre to apply for refugee status. Thus, they are not able to comply with article 31 of the Refugee Convention. Therefore, the author recommends the amendment of both articles 1F and 31 of the Refugee Convention to eliminate problematic ambiguities.
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Khamala, Charles A. "‘When Rescuers become Refoulers: Closing Kenya’s Refugee Camps amid Terrorism Threats’ and leaving vulnerable groups out in the cold." Africa Nazarene University Law Journal 8, no. 1 (2020): 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.47348/anulj/v8/i1a1.
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Kenya’s counter-terrorism measures, following entry into Somalia, relocated refugees to designated camps. However, by violating a refugee’s freedom of movement, mass relocation contravenes the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights (ACHPR). Regional jurisprudence informed the Kenyan High Court’s Kituo cha Sheria v Attorney General decision holding that mass refugee relocation is indeed refoulement. It necessarily discriminates, punishes disproportionately, and may amount to a ‘failure to protect’ refugees against torture, a crime against humanity. However, the United Nations Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees (Refugees Convention) merely prohibits hosts from returning escapees to countries where they are targeted for persecution. Conversely, refugees who are either reasonably regarded as threatening national security or reasonably suspected of serious crimes are deemed to ‘waive’ their non-refoulement right. Nonetheless, the court’s legal moralism insisted that states should prove ‘waiver’ and never torture refugees. Invoking an ‘individual criminality’ principle required proof of a refugee’s dangerousness. Suspects can furthermore not be condemned unheard. Therefore, establishing whether ‘mass waiver’ is possible, is problematic. Are blanket relocation directives justifiable simply because proving ‘reasonable belief’ of refugees committing terror acts or serious crimes are difficult? Although Samow Mumin Mohamed v Cabinet Secretary, Ministry of Interior Security and Co-Ordination condoned mass refugee relocation Refugee Consortium of Kenya v Attorney did not. Curiously, to clarify the ambiguity Kenya National Commission on Human Rights v Attorney Genera elevated the required standard of proof for ‘waiver’ under the Refugees Convention to one of ‘beyond reasonable doubt.’ Previously, in Coalition for Reform and Democracy (CORD) v Republic of Kenya legislative caps on refugee numbers were rejected. Subsequently, a new Refugee Bill (2019) proposes to legalise confining refugees to designated camps. This article applies common-law principles of the duty on rescuers to evaluate whether mass refugee relocation refoules.
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Weiß, Anja. "Becoming a refugee. A life-course approach to migration under duress." Sociologias 20, no. 49 (December 2018): 110–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/15174522-02004904.
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Abstract This article offers a sociological approach to the ongoing debate about the distinction between refugees and migrants. It adopts a life-course perspective on seeking refuge. Seeking refuge is embedded not only in the legal regimes of refugee protection, but also in other institutional frameworks governing the life-course. Exploring continuities between migrants and refugees allows for a better understanding of whether and under what preconditions the refugee category is applied by administrations and accessed by refugees themselves. With the help of case studies selected strategically from a larger sample of narrative interviews with university educated migrants to Germany, Turkey, and Canada, the article shows how the implementation and administration of the Geneva Refugee Convention in Germany is organized in a manner that often diverges from the empirical reality of fleeing from persecution and lack of protection. On this basis, a broader comparison with migrants in Turkey and Canada who could fall under the Geneva Refugee Convention, but who mostly refrain from claiming asylum, shows that those with better resources and socio-spatial autonomy can, if well informed, find alternative options for gaining protection rather than claiming refugee status. Whether migrants under duress see themselves as refugees and whether they claim asylum does not only result from the persecution they face but also from specificities of legal and administrative frameworks, as well as their position in global structural inequalities and it is related to divergent degrees of socio-spatial autonomy.
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Glazebrook, Diana. "'Desecration' in a Place of Refuge." Cultural Studies Review 11, no. 1 (August 12, 2013): 98–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/csr.v11i1.3449.
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In this paper I explore two related questions: how does a particular site come to be perceived as sacred, and what is the impact of the destruction of something sacred when it occurs in a place of ‘refuge’? This study is situated on the island of New Guinea, in the experiences of West Papuan people from the Indonesian Province of Papua (formerly Irian Jaya), living as refugees across the international border in Papua New Guinea. The inquiry is grounded in two instances involving a refugee population in a place of refuge. The first instance involves the burning of a church built by a refugee congregation, and the second involves the large-scale occupation by a refugee population of another people’s land. A doubling effect is intended here. Forced migration can simultaneously render refugees vulnerable to the violence of others, and in the process of resettlement, refugees may have no real choice but to engage in actions that violate the land of others.
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Adwani, Adwani, Rosmawati Rosmawati, and M. Ya’kub Aiyub Kadir. "THE RESPONSIBILITY IN PROTECTING THE ROHINGYA REFUGEES IN ACEH PROVINCE, INDONESIA: AN INTERNATIONAL REFUGEES LAW PERSPECTIVE." IIUM Law Journal 29, (S2) (November 3, 2021): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.31436/iiumlj.v29i(s2).677.
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The coast of western Indonesia (Aceh province) has been the entrance for Rohingya refugees since 2012. At the beginning of 2020, the Rohingya refugees continued to arrive, although some of them have been resettled and transferred to the third countries. The Indonesian government rejected a large number of Rohingya refugees because there were no lex specialis in the Indonesian immigration arrangement related to asylum seekers and refugees. Historically, Indonesia was a country with commitment and experiences in dealing with refugees, however to date, Indonesia refused to become a party to the 1951 International Refugee Convention and 1967 Protocol on Refugees. Hence, there is no legal standards of the refugee management in Indonesia, and thus it complicates the management of the incoming Rohingyas. Responding to such issue, the government has issued the Presidential Regulation Number 125 of 2016 concerning the foreign refugee management to provide a temporary legal standard for all forms of refugee protection in Indonesia. However, such regulation has yet to comprehensively settled the management of the Rohingya people in Indonesia, particularly in Aceh province. This paper strongly advocates the Indonesian government to ratify the 1951 International Refugee Convention as to protect and settle the refugee under the non-refoulment principle which is fundamentally referred to humanitarian values.
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Janzen, Rich, Mischa Taylor, and Rebecca Gokiert. "Life beyond Refuge." Refuge: Canada's Journal on Refugees 38, no. 2 (November 8, 2022): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.25071/1920-7336.40892.
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Canada is internationally recognized as a leader in welcoming refugee newcomers. However, there is limited evidence about how well refugee newcomers fare after arriving in Canada, and the effectiveness of resettlement services and supports. A system theory of change was developed to guide assessments of complexity across the refugee-serving sector that seek to investigate refugees’ lived experiences and evaluate practice across multiple levels. This article describes the process of developing the system theory of change, Life Beyond Refuge, and the implications for community-level practice, public policy, and ultimately, resettlement outcomes for refugee newcomers.
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Pascucci, Elisa. "Refuge: transforming a broken refugee system." Fennia - International Journal of Geography 195, no. 2 (December 15, 2017): 197–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.11143/fennia.66415.
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Imam Supaat, Dina. "REFUGEE CHILDREN IN MALAYSIA: THE PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE." Malaysian Journal of Syariah and Law 3 (July 10, 2017): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.33102/mjsl.vol3no1.4.
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There were not many changes to the situation of refugees and its protection in Malaysia ever since their first arrival in the 1970s. The legal framework for the protection of refugees and refugee children is incomplete, inadequate and has no special regards to children’s rights. Despite ratifying the United Nations Convention On The Rights Of A Child (UNCRC), refugee children in Malaysia continue to struggle to enjoy their basic rights. This paper seeks to highlight the presence of diverse group of refugee in Malaysia in the past until today. It is argued in this paper that as a host country of refuge, Malaysia has contributed significantly to the protection of refugees in the Southeast Asian region despite glaring shortcomings. Next, analysis on the treatment of refugee children will be presented with special focus into the different treatment to different groups of refugee children. These various treatments will show whether the guiding principles of UNCRC are being respected and complied with. This paper also seeks to suggest that a proper incorporation of the UNCRC in domestic law will lead the authority to treat refugee children as children first regardless of the immigrant label attached to the group.
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Hodžić, Saida. "Hosts, Again: From Conditional Inclusion and Liberal Censorship to Togetherness and Creative/Critical Refugee Epistemologies." Genealogy 8, no. 1 (February 16, 2024): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genealogy8010018.
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In this experimental text that critically juxtaposes autoethnographic narration, reflection, and analysis with theoretical engagements, I suggest that the power dynamics that diminish and dispossess the lives of refugees and other displaced people also constrain and censor critical refugee epistemologies. Refugees are frequently impelled to speak, implored to speak, coached to speak, interrogated and ordered to speak, but on the condition that we consent to having our voices policed. Our narratives are welcomed if they affirm the humanitarian liberal order, but the knowledge we possess challenges it. Presented as benevolent and caring, the incessant demands for refugee stories and trauma erotics are also mechanisms of putting refugees in place: they assign the refugee a subject position of a conditionally accepted narrator who is refused authorship and self-possession. Our narratives fail to count as knowledge unless they are converted into writing by citizen ghost writers or coauthors. And when we refuse to recite trauma stories and instead disrupt the order of things by critically analyzing violent regimes of refuge and liberal complicity, we are censored. Refugees have things to say as ethnographers of their own lives, analysts of upside-down mobility, and critics of violent bureaucracies. This knowledge is needed and wanted. Rather than orienting our work to liberal publics, we are creating alternative, self-authorized structures that uphold displaced people as knowledgeable and world-building subjects, as people able to host others.
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Wiraputra, Anindito Rizki. "THE IMPLICATION OF DEFINING REFUGEE IN INDONESIAN IMMIGRATION LEGAL SYSTEM." Jurnal Ilmiah Kajian Keimigrasian 1, no. 1 (April 27, 2018): 63–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.52617/jikk.v1i1.13.
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Indonesia as a country which did not ratify UN Convention 1951 on Status of Refugees and Protocol 1967, issued a Presidential Decree No.125/2016 on Handling Overseas Refugee in addressing the issues of foreign nation subject who intend to seek refuge by passing through Indonesian territory, generally aiming to seek refuge in Australia. These foreign nation subject introduced as “refugee” by media although the subject is unrecognized by Indonesian immigration law system. Indonesian immigration law only recognize subject as a person who enter or leave Indonesian territory by legal or illegal means. The definition of Refugee on Presidential Decree No.125/2016 is the first definition of the subject in Indonesian legal system, refers to both Refugee and Asylum Seekers in UN Convention 1951, which supposed to have different handling methods. Therefore, the implementation of Presidential Decree No.125/2016 leads to different understanding in immigration and foreign policy perspective on Refugee subject.
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Gunawan, Yordan, Carissa Shifa Novendra, and Aldha Febrila. "Indonesia's responsibility towards Rohingya refugees: analysis of the 1951 Refugee Convention." Legality : Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum 32, no. 2 (April 25, 2024): 182–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.22219/ljih.v32i2.32164.
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The Acehnese people refused the boat carrying more than 200 Rohingya migrants in early 2024; therefore, UNHCR is pleading with the Indonesian authorities to allow them to disembark. The UNHCR report states that there are currently 1,608 Aceh refugees, including 140 survivors from the previous year. People are increasingly worried about the impact of the significant influx of Rohingya individuals in Aceh. Indonesia's acceptance of those seeking safety for humanitarian reasons has significantly affected the Acehnese population. Indonesia is being pressured to provide assistance to Rohingya refugees despite not being a signatory to the Refugee Convention. The issue at hand is whether Indonesia is legally obligated to help Rohingya refugees under the Refugee Convention. This study utilized normative legal research, commonly known as document analysis involving a qualitative examination of secondary data sources. The investigation included sources such as books, papers, and treaties, specifically focusing on the Refugee Convention of 1951. Indonesia, as it is not a signatory to the Refugee Convention, does not have a legal duty to aid the Rohingya refugees in Aceh based on the Refugee Convention. This study employed normative legal research, analyzing documents qualitatively with secondary sources like books, articles, and treaties, notably the 1951 Refugee Convention. Consequently, since Indonesia has not ratified the Refugee Convention, it is not bound by legal obligations to assist the Rohingya refugees in Aceh. However, Indonesia still maintains a responsibility according to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
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DeGooyer, Stephanie. "Resettling Refugee History." American Literary History 34, no. 3 (August 19, 2022): 893–911. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/alh/ajac095.
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Abstract This article pursues a longue durée study of the US refugee to resettle, in necessary and generative ways, contemporary interest in the refugee as representative of a current “global crisis” and as inherently tied to the unique violence of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. It argues that the twentieth century is not the only thinkable or relevant period for a refugee literary history. The colonial construction of “asylum,” the word we refer today as a legal source of political protection for refugees, was in earlier times intertwined with the development of an exclusionary migration regime, vestiges of which continue to govern the reception of migrants today. The very idea of asylum, despite becoming a legal fixture of human rights law in the twentieth century, was never meant to be expansive in the US. How we make sense of this disjuncture is a serious project for literary scholarship invested in refugees and migration. The limbo that many contemporary refugees find themselves in today, in detention camps and other make-shift shelters, is tied to the US’s early fictional conception of itself as a refuge for white European foreigners.
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Girard, R. A. "Letter To The Editor." Refuge: Canada's Journal on Refugees 4, no. 3 (April 1, 1985): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.25071/1920-7336.41287.
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The December, 1984 issue of Refuge pro- vided information concerning the level of Canada's commitment to refugees in an article entitled "Canada Refugee Plans - 1985" which appeared on pages 12 and 13. While this information is of interest to in- dividuals and groups involved in refugee issues, I regret that an error in the table which accompanied the article has perhaps diminished its value as an indicator of the federal government's participation in the refugee program for 1984.
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De La Cruz, Rachael. "Revolutionary Refugee Policy: Salvadorans and Statecraft in Sandinista Nicaragua (1979–1990)." Americas 80, no. 1 (January 2023): 101–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/tam.2022.92.
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AbstractDuring the 1980s, more than 20,000 Salvadorans fleeing the violence of the Salvadoran Civil War entered the neighboring country of Nicaragua. Their flight was part of a larger multidirectional migration out of El Salvador in which Salvadorans sought refuge across Central and North America. In response to this unprecedented influx of Salvadoran refugee men, women, and children, the Nicaraguan government—newly under the control of the revolutionary Sandinista National Liberation Front (FSLN)—declared that all refugees would be permitted “the opportunity to survive and produce.” This article argues that the timing of the refugees’ arrival proved mutually beneficial for both the Salvadorans and the FSLN by illustrating how Sandinista officials sought to further agrarian reform projects via refugee integration into agricultural cooperatives. As such, Nicaraguan refugee policy functioned as an integral part of Sandinista statecraft. Through an analysis of refugee-produced sources, government and UNHCR documents, and news reports, this article sheds new light on the entwined histories of Salvadoran refugees and the Sandinista state in the transnational context of the late Cold War period in Central America.
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Aldamen, Yasmin. "Refugee Journalist Phenomenon as a Consequence of Migration and Refugee Crises: The Role of Social Media in Transferring Refugees’ Role from “Has Been Affected” to “Has Affected”." Studies in Media and Communication 11, no. 6 (August 15, 2023): 358. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/smc.v11i6.6202.
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This study examines the impact of using social media by Syrian refugees, focusing on the shift from receiving messages to sharing content and news related to the Syrian crisis. Using both qualitative and quantitative methods, the findings indicate that social media has become a more accessible and affordable medium of communication for Syrian refugees, both during and after seeking refuge. The study highlights the transformation of Syrian citizens from citizens who are not allowed to use the internet and social media to "refugee journalists" by being affected by social media. Social media use among Syrian activists or Syrian refugee journalists has contributed to the emergence of the "refugee journalist" phenomenon, which helps convey opinions, voices, and suffering to the world. However, the findings also highlight the negative effects of the "refugee journalist" phenomenon on Syrian refugees, citizens, and activists. The findings also indicate the potential moral violations and lack of integrity and reliability standards in the publishing of activists' stories, leading to distortion of facts and misleading audiences.
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Daud, Dazmin, Wardatul Hayat Adnan, Kholyn Ruran Jonathan, and Hrrison Aris. "Policies and Issues relating to Vietnamese Boat People in Malaysia." EDUCATUM Journal of Social Sciences 8, no. 1 (June 29, 2022): 83–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.37134/ejoss.vol8.1.8.2022.
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An island in Malaysia bear witness to the survival of Vietnamese boat people fleeing their war-torn country in the mid-70s. Thousands of Vietnamese boat people were granted temporary refuge on Bidong Island while they were processed for resettlement by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR). The island situated off the coast of Terengganu was designated as the principal refugee camp for Vietnamese boat people in Malaysia in August 1978 with the Malaysia government towing any arriving boatloads of refugees to the island. Despite its ability to receive 4,500 refugees, the less than one square mile island ended up with a refugee population of more than 40,000 by June 1979. This paper presents a literature assessment of Malaysia's strategy and policy adopted during that period of time, as well as current legal framework on refugee and asylum seekers, to better understand how Malaysia dealt with Vietnamese boat people and how it is currently dealing with refugees and asylum seekers.
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Maula, Bani Syarif. "Examining the Handling of Rohingya Refugees in Indonesia through the Lens of International Law and Maqāsid al-Shari’ah: An Exploration of Islamic Humanitarianism." Mazahib 23, no. 1 (June 4, 2024): 1–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.21093/mj.v23i1.7942.
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The issue of Rohingya refugees has gained significant attention globally and within Indonesian society, especially as many seek refuge in Aceh to escape persecution in Myanmar. The 1951 Vienna Convention and the 1967 Refugee Protocol form the global legal framework for refugee protection. However, Indonesia has not formally endorsed these statutes, so it is not legally bound to fulfill refugees’ basic needs. Despite this, Indonesia is obligated by the principle of non-refoulement, a customary international law or jus cogens, to manage Rohingya refugees entering its territory. This study examines Indonesia’s approach to refugee management through international law and maqāṣid al-sharī’ah, representing Islamic humanitarianism. Islamic scholarly discourse, specifically Fiqh al-Siyar, linked with maqāṣid al-sharī’ah, provides a foundation for contemporary humanitarian efforts. The study concludes that, under international law, Indonesia must protect refugees as part of implementing jus cogens. Additionally, from the maqāṣid al-sharī’ah perspective, Indonesia’s decision to welcome Rohingya refugees, despite not ratifying the 1951 Convention and the 1967 Protocol, exemplifies Islamic humanitarianism and acknowledges refugees’ inherent human rights.
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Hwang, Eundeog. "Refugees and Citizens: Focusing on the Narratives of Refugee87 and Refugee in a Day." British and American Language and Literature Association of Korea 152 (March 30, 2024): 85–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.21297/ballak.2024.152.85.
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This paper explores the dynamics and positionality between refugees and citizens, and ‘the space’ between refugees and citizens through two novel texts. Based on Hannah Arendt and Giorgio Agamben's concepts of nation, refugee, and human rights, the paper will discuss Ele Fountain's Refugee87(2018) and Pyo Myeong-hee's Refugee in a Day(2018) which were published in the UK and Korea respectively. The two novel texts show that even citizens living normally within their countries of origin can become a ‘Homo Sacer’ and a ‘human species in its natural state’ at any moment. The fact that an ordinary citizen is suddenly reduced to a bare life(Homo Sacer) and then a refugee suggests that the boundary among a citizen, a bare life, and a refugee can be moveable and their positionalities are not fixed. The fluidity of citizens and refugees’ positionalities raises doubts about the operating principles that constitute the foundation of the modern nation-state. It can be said that the existence of refugees serves to endanger the originally fictitious national sovereignty.
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Muhammad, Rehan Khan. "International Forced Migration and Pak- Afghan Development Concerns: Exploring Afghan Refugee Livelihood Strategies." Journal of Social and Development Sciences 2, no. 4 (October 15, 2011): 181–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jsds.v2i4.667.
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This study investigates the livelihood strategies employed by Afghan refugees residing in Pakistan. These refugees were forced to take refuge in Pakistan after Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan in 1978. Three decades after their migration, and after repeated Pakistani government attempts to resettle them in Afghanistan, scores of Afghan refugees still reside in Pakistan. This paper discusses the evolving relationship between Afghanistan and Pakistan over the years and their respective implications. Researching the various livelihood strategies that Afghan refugees pursued their impact on the Pakistani labor market is discussed. By means of taking a case study of an Afghan refugee woman, this study concludes that there exists a gender dimension in Afghan refugee population. In doing so two developmental concerns are identified i) development projects focused on refugee assistance in Afghanistan and Pakistan ignore the development concerns of the women population ii) countries that provide refuge to victims of war are exposed to a new set of development challenges in addition to their already burdened economy. This paper furthers the academic debate on achieving the development challenge of attaining a stable South Asia, in light of the AfPak strategy initiated by President Obama in 2010, and reflects on potential areas for policy making for Pakistan, Afghanistan and the United States.
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Diah Triceseria, Anak Agung Istri, Nurul Azizah Zayda, and Rizka Fiani Prabaningtyas. "A New Approach to Refugee's Welfare through the Role of Community: Case Study of Refugee's Community Centre in Sewon." Global South Review 2, no. 1 (October 9, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/globalsouth.28847.
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The role of state actor in refugee protection is seriously limited by the “nationalism” nature of a nation-state. In particular, there has been a lack of attention from Indonesia as implied by non-ratifying choice taken by the government. The problem here with this approach is, refugee’s rights are viewed as entitlement from state and should conform with the state’s interest. Thus, there needs to be a new approach in pursuing a refugee protection regime. This paper shifts the focus from the role of state to the roles played by other actors. This paper gives a particular focus on Refugee Community Housing in Sewon, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. The Community Housing is an initiative from International Organization for Migration (IOM) which provides temporary settlement as well as living allowance for refugees. Our preliminary study found that the coordination among IOM, Jesuit Refugee Service (JRS)–an international NGO working to assist refugees, and Immigration Office of Yogyakarta—has to some extent demonstrated a better service and treatment to refugees than state’s philanthropy in general. Some limitations remains exist, but overall, community housing provides a foundation for a civil society-based refugee protection.
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Lamsal, Alok. "The Politics of Displacement of Refugees in Habiburahman’s Novel First, They Erased Our Name: A Rohingya Speaks." Bon Voyage 5, no. 1 (December 31, 2023): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/bovo.v5i1.64363.
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This paper explores mainly three phases of displacement experienced by refugees in Habiburahaman’s book First, They Erased Our Name: A Rohingya Speaks and potential solutions to address the challenges they face. Deriving from Beverly Crawford’s concept that “refugees live three lives,” which has been quoted in the book written by Alan Gratz- Refugee, the paper examines the distinct experiences of refugees as they flee from their homeland, seek refuge in another place or country, and establish lives in foreign lands. Using the plight of Rohingya refugees in refugee camps as a reference point from the book, the paper argues that each phase of displacement dispenses with exclusive challenges and insecurities for refugees. The paper also discusses the role of theories in highlighting the problems and giving possible solutions to those complications of displacement. Additionally, the paper comprehends various insights from different philosophers and theorists on the topic of refugee displacement, providing a theoretical framework to address this global issue through a novel. Ultimately, the paper aims to offer a comprehensive understanding of the experiences of refugees in the book “...A Rohingya Speaks” and to propose possible implications to help refugees rebuild their lives after various phases of displacement.
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Mendoza, José Jorge. "The Border Security Industry and the Second Refugee Crisis: A Commentary on Serena Parekh’s No Refuge: Ethics and the Global Refugee Crisis." Puncta 5, no. 3 (2022): 72–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5399/pjcp.v5i3.5.
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Until recently, much of the philosophical literature on refugees has focused on what Serena Parekh (2020) in No Refuge: Ethics and the Global Refugee Crisis, calls the “first refugee crisis,” i.e., the refugee crisis as experienced from Europe, understood as the arrival of large numbers of asylum seekers and the political handling of this situation. This literature has therefore dealt primarily with questions about who really counts as a refugee and when states acquire obligations to admit non-citizens. Rarely, however, do philosophers talk about the ethical implications of what Parekh calls “the second refugee crisis”: the crisis for refugees themselves, who “are unable to access the minimum conditions of human dignity while they wait for a more permanent solution.” In short, when philosophers debate the ethics of asylum and refugeehood, the conclusions or insights they come to will, at best, be applicable to about 10 percent of the world’s forcibly displaced. In this review essay, I briefly outline Serena Parekh’s (2020) argument, showing how her reframing of the refugee crisis provides a much-needed intervention in the current philosophical literature. I then extend these insights into questions concerning immigration enforcement. In doing so, I argue that in order to adequately deal with the second refugee crisis we must be more receptive to the open borders position than Parekh seems to allow.
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Sejan, Sakhawat Sajjat, and Shakhawat Hossain. "Utilizing Eurocentric Temporary Protection Directive as a Global Approach of Refugee Protection." Lambung Mangkurat Law Journal 9, no. 1 (March 29, 2024): 34–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.32801/abc.v9i1.155.
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The temporary protection directive is one of the noblest mechanisms of the European refugee protection regime. The European Union has designed it following the principle of temporary protection and non-refoulement of international refugee law. The United Nations Refugee Convention is the institutional root of these principles. In 2001, the EU has adopted the directive to improve its refugee protection mechanism. But they have never activated the directive until the current Ukrainian refugee crisis. This has remained as a piece of paper or unnecessary tool for the European countries. Their reluctance towards activating the directive seems to be hegemonic and political to some extent. Though they had all the grounds for activating the directive during the Syrian, Afghan or Tunisian refugee crisis, they did not choose to activate it. The paper doesn’t oppose the activation of TPD for Ukrainian refugees. It only explores and discusses the dualist role of the EU in activating TPD. The paper is also asking for its universal application for any refugees irrespective of their origin and the EU’s geopolitical interest. Lastly, it solicits for the utilization of the ‘doctrine of temporary refuge’ across the countries in the best possible manner considering the example of EU’s TPD.
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Tinker, Catherine Jane, and Laura Madrid Sartoretto. "New trends in migratory and refugee law in Brazil: the expanded refugee definition." Revista do Direito 3, no. 50 (September 5, 2016): 118–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.17058/rdunisc.v3i50.8277.
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This paper aims to explore new trends in Brazilian refugee and migratory law in the last 20 years. In doing so it addresses the evolution of the definition of “refugee” in Brazil, expanding the eligibility grounds provided by the 1951 Geneva Convention on the Status of Refugees (1951 Convention). Reviewing international and regional refugee law, the article analyzes the broader understanding of the notion of "refuge" and its complexity expressed in regional and national legal frameworks, taking account of lawyers, scholars and activists who criticize the narrow scope of the classical refugee definition from 1951 which has become distant from current refugee voices and struggles. At the domestic level, although the 1980 Aliens Statute (Act. n. 6815/80) is still in effect, there have been important changes in refugee law in Brazil since the implementation of the 1997 Refugee Statute (Act n. 9.474/97), influenced by the 1984 Cartagena Declaration (a regional soft law instrument) regarding the definition of “refugee”, Exploring the interconnection of the Refugee Statute and complementary forms of human rights protection which fall outside the scope of international refugee law, the article concludes that in the specific case of Haitians in Brazil, the broader protections of Brazilian refugee law should be available rather than the complementary system of humanitarian visas.
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Fletcher, Rajan. "Online Pathways, Digital Migrant workers: From Empowerment to Monitor Digital Footprints for Refugees." International Journal of Science and Society 3, no. 1 (March 5, 2021): 318–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.54783/ijsoc.v3i1.298.
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The text studies how digitality and refugee routes intersect by focussing on the concepts of »connected migrants and the digital footprints of refugee routes in transnational spaces. The smartphone is a key signifier of today’s refugee, and possession of one is questioned by government policies of legitimisation and public opinion perceptions of what constitutes a genuine refugee. These overlook the complex question of digital rights and migration’s embeddedness in the fluidity of the postmodern world. The text thus deals with the digital world’s ambivalence, which is not just a one-way relation of empowerment but entails the risk of complete control over a refugee’s body as well. We establish that an important shift has occurred in European policies, one most visible in the process of erasing the electronic traces of refugees on the move and the illegal return of refugees to the previous country on their way, the socalled pushbacks.
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Bydoon, Maysa Said. "The Challenges of Refugees Protection." Journal of Arts and Humanities 6, no. 6 (June 15, 2017): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.18533/journal.v6i6.1206.
Full textAbstract:
<p>The current crises and civil war in many countries, increasingly challenge the rapid growth of influx of refugees. More recently, as a matter of fact, the asylum issue is one of the most important issues in the international community that shed lights on a violation of refugees’ rights and most importantly a safe area to live in. The article examines the refugee protection in light of the Convention relating to the Status of Refugees 1951 and Protocol relating to the Status of Refugees. It is true that such convention and its complementary protocol contribute in establishing the international law of refugee protection, however, its argues that the convention does not cover all people into danger in terms of refuges definition and principals of non refoulement.</p>
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Tinker, Catherine, and Laura Madrid Sartoretto. "NEW TRENDS IN MIGRATORY AND REFUGEE LAW IN BRAZIL: THE EXPANDED REFUGEE DEFINITION." PANORAMA OF BRAZILIAN LAW 3, no. 3-4 (May 26, 2018): 143–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.17768/pbl.v3i3-4.34406.
Full textAbstract:
This paper aims to explore new trends in Brazilian refugee and migratory law in the last 20 years. In doing so it addresses the evolution of the definition of “refugee” in Brazil, expanding the eligibility grounds provided by the 1951 Geneva Convention on the Status of Refugees (1951 Convention). Reviewing international and regional refugee law, the article analyzes the broader understanding of the notion of “refuge” and its complexity expressed in regional and national legal frameworks, taking account of lawyers, scholars and activists who criticize the narrow scope of the classical refugee definition from 1951 which has become distant from current refugee voices and struggles. At the domestic level, although the 1980 Aliens Statute (Act. n. 6815/80) is still in effect, there have been important changes in refugee law in Brazil since the implementation of the 1997 Refugee Statute (Act n. 9.474/97), influenced by the 1984 Cartagena Declaration (a regional soft law instrument) regarding the definition of “refugee”. Exploring the interconnection of the Refugee Statute and complementary forms of human rights protection which fall outside the scope of international refugee law, the article concludes that in the specific case of Haitians in Brazil, the broader protections of Brazilianrefugee law should be available rather than the complementary systemof humanitarian visas.
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Tinker, Catherine, and Laura Madrid Sartoretto. "NEW TRENDS IN MIGRATORY AND REFUGEE LAW IN BRAZIL: THE EXPANDED REFUGEE DEFINITION." PANORAMA OF BRAZILIAN LAW 3, no. 3-4 (May 26, 2018): 143–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.17768/pbl.v3i3-4.p143-169.
Full textAbstract:
This paper aims to explore new trends in Brazilian refugee and migratory law in the last 20 years. In doing so it addresses the evolution of the definition of “refugee” in Brazil, expanding the eligibility grounds provided by the 1951 Geneva Convention on the Status of Refugees (1951 Convention). Reviewing international and regional refugee law, the article analyzes the broader understanding of the notion of “refuge” and its complexity expressed in regional and national legal frameworks, taking account of lawyers, scholars and activists who criticize the narrow scope of the classical refugee definition from 1951 which has become distant from current refugee voices and struggles. At the domestic level, although the 1980 Aliens Statute (Act. n. 6815/80) is still in effect, there have been important changes in refugee law in Brazil since the implementation of the 1997 Refugee Statute (Act n. 9.474/97), influenced by the 1984 Cartagena Declaration (a regional soft law instrument) regarding the definition of “refugee”. Exploring the interconnection of the Refugee Statute and complementary forms of human rights protection which fall outside the scope of international refugee law, the article concludes that in the specific case of Haitians in Brazil, the broader protections of Brazilianrefugee law should be available rather than the complementary systemof humanitarian visas.
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Tinker, Catherine, and Laura Madrid Sartoretto. "NEW TRENDS IN MIGRATORY AND REFUGEE LAW IN BRAZIL: THE EXPANDED REFUGEE DEFINITION." PANORAMA OF BRAZILIAN LAW 3, no. 3-4 (November 1, 2015): 143–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.17768/pbl.y3.n3-4.p143-169.
Full textAbstract:
This paper aims to explore new trends in Brazilian refugee and migratory law in the last 20 years. In doing so it addresses the evolution of the definition of “refugee” in Brazil, expanding the eligibility grounds provided by the 1951 Geneva Convention on the Status of Refugees (1951 Convention). Reviewing international and regional refugee law, the article analyzes the broader understanding of the notion of “refuge” and its complexity expressed in regional and national legal frameworks, taking account of lawyers, scholars and activists who criticize the narrow scope of the classical refugee definition from 1951 which has become distant from current refugee voices and struggles. At the domestic level, although the 1980 Aliens Statute (Act. n. 6815/80) is still in effect, there have been important changes in refugee law in Brazil since the implementation of the 1997 Refugee Statute (Act n. 9.474/97), influenced by the 1984 Cartagena Declaration (a regional soft law instrument) regarding the definition of “refugee”. Exploring the interconnection of the Refugee Statute and complementary forms of human rights protection which fall outside the scope of international refugee law, the article concludes that in the specific case of Haitians in Brazil, the broader protections of Brazilianrefugee law should be available rather than the complementary systemof humanitarian visas.
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Tinker, Catherine, and Laura Madrid Sartoretto. "NEW TRENDS IN MIGRATORY AND REFUGEE LAW IN BRAZIL: THE EXPANDED REFUGEE DEFINITION." PANORAMA OF BRAZILIAN LAW 3, no. 3-4 (May 26, 2018): 143–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.17768/pbl.y3n3-4.p143-169.
Full textAbstract:
This paper aims to explore new trends in Brazilian refugee and migratory law in the last 20 years. In doing so it addresses the evolution of the definition of “refugee” in Brazil, expanding the eligibility grounds provided by the 1951 Geneva Convention on the Status of Refugees (1951 Convention). Reviewing international and regional refugee law, the article analyzes the broader understanding of the notion of “refuge” and its complexity expressed in regional and national legal frameworks, taking account of lawyers, scholars and activists who criticize the narrow scope of the classical refugee definition from 1951 which has become distant from current refugee voices and struggles. At the domestic level, although the 1980 Aliens Statute (Act. n. 6815/80) is still in effect, there have been important changes in refugee law in Brazil since the implementation of the 1997 Refugee Statute (Act n. 9.474/97), influenced by the 1984 Cartagena Declaration (a regional soft law instrument) regarding the definition of “refugee”. Exploring the interconnection of the Refugee Statute and complementary forms of human rights protection which fall outside the scope of international refugee law, the article concludes that in the specific case of Haitians in Brazil, the broader protections of Brazilianrefugee law should be available rather than the complementary systemof humanitarian visas.
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Webber, Frances. "Refusing refuge." Race & Class 59, no. 3 (October 27, 2017): 98–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306396817738439.
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In the face of the worst refugee crisis since the second world war, the leaders of Europe are slamming the doors, enacting exclusionary policies which daily become more brutal. The controversial book Refuge by Collier (ex-World Bank) and Betts (academic in refugee studies) provides, according to the reviewer, their moral justification. Collier and Betts argue that allowing refugees into Europe is wrong and counter-productive, denying states in conflict the people they will need to rebuild post-conflict, and that refugees’ need for dignity and autonomy is best met by extending special economic zones in nearby host countries to provide opportunities for work.
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Nikolic-Ristanovic, Vesna. "Refugee Women in Serbia – Invisible Victims of War in the Former Yugoslavia." Feminist Review 73, no. 1 (April 2003): 104–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.fr.9400078.
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In this paper, I explore the experiences of women who found refuge in Serbia during the war in the former Yugoslavia. I look at the women's experiences of both leaving home and coping with everyday life in refuge. The exploration of refugee women's experiences is mainly based on analyses of their own stories, which I collected while researching women and war. In spite of all the hardship of their lives, refugee women who fled to Serbia have been treated by Western media, the public and aid organizations as ‘UNPEOPLE’ or as non-existent. Making their experiences visible as women, refugees and citizens is the main purpose of this article.
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Kyriakides, Christopher. "Words don’t come easy: Al Jazeera’s migrant–refugee distinction and the European culture of (mis)trust." Current Sociology 65, no. 7 (August 4, 2016): 933–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011392116658089.
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Al Jazeera’s August 2015 editorial decision to substitute ‘refugee’ for ‘economic migrant’ in its coverage of ‘the Mediterranean Migration Crisis’ provides an opportunity to re-frame the relationship between the politics of race, immigration and media representations of refugees. Situating the broadcaster’s publicly announced rationale for the decision within a critique of the migrant–refugee dichotomy enforced by European public policy, this article, first, demonstrates that the policy couplet mobilizes oppositional yet interdependent identities. The discursive distancing of ‘migrant’ from ‘refugee’ in news content does not dislodge their mutually reinforcing power to define the parameters of ‘inclusion’. Second, the article examines how the policy onus placed on refugees to justify their claim as ‘victims’ reproduces racialized codes of belonging that perpetuate the denial of autonomy. Persons seeking refuge in Europe must sustain an identity of ‘non-threatening victim’ if they are to gain recognition in a securitized culture of (mis)trust. Al Jazeera’s intervention strengthens the media representation of refugees as human beings without choice; yet, the broadcaster’s decision to ‘give voice’ by ‘challenging racism’ does not break the European political consensus on immigration and asylum that positions ‘non-Western’ peoples as victim/pariah, to be ‘saved’ and ‘suspected’. The media–policy–migration nexus ensures that refugee exclusion is always possible.
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Mukhtar, Sohaib, Muhammad Fayaz, and Malieka Farah Deeba. "Afghan Refugees in Pakistan and Syrian Refugees in European Union: A Comparative Analysis." Journal of Economics, Trade and Marketing Management 5, no. 1 (January 9, 2023): p1. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/jetmm.v5n1p1.
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Displaced persons are Refugees, cross borders under coercion by force, leave motherland and difficult to return safely to home of parents. Root word is ‘refuge’ from which ‘refugee’ is derived, it means hiding and shelter from danger. Pakistan is not signatory of Refugee Convention 1951 but member of the United Nations (UN). Afghan refugees are living in Pakistan for approximately four decades, the Government of Pakistan provides favorable treatment and atmosphere to Afghan Refugees in Pakistan. Resultantly, Pakistan has been suffering terrorism, political instability, and economic dropdown though after left of Unites States of America (USA) in 2021, many more Afghan Refugees are expected to migrate to Pakistan. International Community is required to work and ensure peace and stability in Afghanistan in order to ensure returning back of Afghan Refugees to their parent’s home safely and work for stability and peace of Afghanistan and the region so that they live there peacefully. According to Universal Declaration of Human Rights’ (UDHR) article 14: everybody has freedom and right to enjoy, seek asylum from persecution in other countries. Asylum right not invoked if (i) genuinely arising prosecutions from non-political crimes, or (ii) acts repugnant to principles and purposes of United Nations, and Convention Relating to Status of Refugee signed in 1951 under United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR). There are 145 signatories currently to Refugee Convention 1951 but Pakistan has not yet acceded to Refugee Convention 1951. According to Refugee Convention 1951 preamble: freedom under fundamental rights enjoyed by human beings under Charter of the UN and UDHR without discrimination. The UN has assured efforts to expand freedom under fundamental rights to refugees. Communitarian Critique research methodology is deployed to help understand issues of refugees. Qualitative methodology is used while conducting this research, an analytical and comparative methods to analyze and compare Government of Pakistan’s treatment of Afghan refugees in Pakistan approximately for 4 decades as compare to Syrian Refugees’ treatment by European Union (EU). The largest populated migrants refugee country of the world for 4 decades is Pakistan, approximately 5 million Afghan nationals migrated to Pakistan during Cold War and approximately around 1.3 million still living in Pakistan and they are not willing to go back to Afghanistan specially after withdrawal of USA in 2021. The International Community is required, requested, and suggested to wish, help, and endeavor to build up economies of Afghanistan and Pakistan and try to strengthen stability and peace so that remaining Afghan nationals who are living as refugees in Pakistan can go back to their motherland safely, happily, and live there peacefully.
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Finahliyah Hasan. "Human Rights Problem of Stranded Refugees in A Transit Country." JILS (Journal of International and Local Studies) 2, no. 1 (December 23, 2020): 111–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.56326/jils.v2i1.704.
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Global forced displacement mostly by conflict and persecution continues to escalate dramatically at the end of 2016 and has never been higher since World War II. People fleeing war or another catastrophe who cannot return to their country of origin have been granted asylum in the foreign country. They will be processed to have their claims for refugee status thoroughly assessed by UNHCR in which is named after as a Refugee Status Determination (RSD), a legal process by government or UNHCR to determine whether a person seeking international protection is considered a refugee under international, regional or national law. In fact, the vast majority of refugees who intend to migrate to developed states as their final destination, generally settle first in a stable and middleincome country such as Indonesia. As a result, Indonesia is swamped by refugees, and their condition has been exacerbated by Indonesia status which is not the signatory of the 1951 Refugee Convention. This status leads to the limitation for accessing human rights of refugees. Thus fulfilling refugee's rights are prevalent due to the uncertainty for resettlement to the third country. Notwithstanding some institutions such as International Organization for Migration (IOM), Immigration, and Social Service department have conducted programs for a refugee to overcome their lack of activities, the implementation is uneven. The findings of this research demonstrates that (1) when refugees are not permitted to get a job, have limited access to education and affordable health facilities, (2) The program sufferes from various difficulties due to the lack of cooperation with related agencies and the lack of human resources, they continue to suffer with their refugee status being negatively affected. This study used a participatory method, observation and literature review. Data is obtained through the interview of refugees and related authorities in different locations. During collecting the data, the author implemented several empowerment programs in refugee community housing as a strategy of the author who encounters difficulties while getting information.
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Van Hear, Nicholas, Veronique Barbelet, Christina Bennett, and Helma Lutz. "Refugia Roundtable." Migration and Society 1, no. 1 (December 1, 2018): 175–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/arms.2017.010116.
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Imagining Refugia: Thinking Outside the Current Refugee Regime, Nicholas Van HearRefugia: A Place Where Refugees Survive, But Do Not Thrive, Veronique Barbelet and Christina BennettBeware of Social Engineering: A Response to “Refugia” by Nicholas Van Hear, Helma LutzRefugia: Pragmatic Utopianism, Nicholas Van Hear
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Van Hear, Nicholas, Veronique Barbelet, Christina Bennett, and Helma Lutz. "Refugia Roundtable." Migration and Society 1, no. 1 (December 1, 2018): 175–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/arms.2018.010116.
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Imagining Refugia: Thinking Outside the Current Refugee Regime, Nicholas Van HearRefugia: A Place Where Refugees Survive, But Do Not Thrive, Veronique Barbelet and Christina BennettBeware of Social Engineering: A Response to “Refugia” by Nicholas Van Hear, Helma LutzRefugia: Pragmatic Utopianism, Nicholas Van Hear
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Li, Zehua. "The Relationship between UK’s Refugee Legislation and Policies and the Welfare of Refugees." Journal of Education, Humanities and Social Sciences 8 (February 7, 2023): 1390–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/ehss.v8i.4492.
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The aggregate of refugees to the UK has been on a sharp increase during recent years. Such a rise would put a strain on government expenditures. This substantial investment in refugees may result in the current limited refugee policy. Therefore, this paper focuses on those limited refugee policies and illustrates how they impact the welfare of refugees by collecting interviews and government documents from the point of view of refugee applications, refugee education, and refugee employment policy. From the research, the so-called "benefiting refugee" policy—Rwanda initiative not only denies refugees their right to asylum but also threatens their personal safety; the unsuitable and stricter education policy has not met the required education level for refugee children; the unfair employment policy for the majority of asylum seekers and would have a negative effect on their near future (after getting refugee status).
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Alencar, Amanda, and Julia Camargo. "Spatial Imaginaries of Digital Refugee Livelihoods." Journal of Humanitarian Affairs 4, no. 3 (March 2, 2023): 22–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.7227/jha.093.
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Discourses around the so-called digital economy are increasingly more present in contexts of forced displacement, with digital inclusion of refugees being framed by humanitarian agencies as a fundamental human right and an essential tool to promote access to income and skills development. While digital work can certainly bring about positive changes in forced migration settings, imaginaries around the role of the digital in refugees’ economic lives reflect a broader neoliberal project that envisions a retreat of the welfare state and that places on refugees the responsibility to integrate. This article draws on spatial imaginaries frameworks to advance the theoretical understanding of power differentials that are embodied in the use of technologies to promote refugee livelihoods. A combination of interviews, participant and non-participant observations was used to examine the perspectives of Venezuelan refugee women and humanitarian actors in the context of a digital work initiative in the city of Boa Vista, Brazil. The analysis reveals a mismatch between the imaginaries underpinning digital work opportunities and the expectations and plans of the refugee women themselves about the use of ICTs and engagement in digital forms of employability. Such disconnect can reinforce inequalities for refugee’s agency in the digital economy.
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TAHTA, Sümeyra. "William Maley. What is a refugee? Oxford University Press, New York, 2016, pp. 253, $34.08 (Paperback), ISBN 9780190652388." Turkish Journal of Diaspora Studies 2, no. 2 (September 30, 2022): 244–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.52241/tjds.2022.0050.
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Recently, with the activity of refugees and asylum-seekers in Europe, there has been a conceptional or terminological confusion, both in Europe and far beyond. While the lifeless body of Alan Kurdi, photographed beside a capsized boat, and the danger of the migration journey can be understood through news stories, in the 21st century, the term “asylum seeker” has become as common as “refuge”. The book titled, What is a refugee? written by William Maley, clearly explains in detail the concept of refugee and offers a guide to understanding migration.
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Al-Janaideh, Redab, Maarya Abdulkarim, Ruth Speidel, Joanne Filippelli, Tyler Colasante, and Tina Malti. "A Community-Based Needs Assessment of Resettled Syrian Refugee Children and Families in Canada." Refuge: Canada's Journal on Refugees 39, no. 1 (June 12, 2023): 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.25071/1920-7336.41034.
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A needs assessment was conducted to identify the needs, challenges, and strengths of Syrian refugee children and families resettled in Canada and of services for these refugees. Ten refugee caregivers and 17 service providers were interviewed. Thematic analyses indicated significant needs and challenges experienced by refugees (e.g., persistent mental health issues, lack of in-person support), as well as challenges related to refugee services (e.g., discontinuity of mental health services). Several refugee strengths (e.g., optimism for the future and strong familial ties) and refugee service strengths (e.g., service collaboration) were identified, highlighting refugees’ adaptive capacities and points of service leverage to ensure refugees’ well-being and positive resettlement.
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Mithun, Mahanam Bhattacharjee, and Ahamedul Arefin. "Minorities among Minorities: The Case of Hindu Rohingya Refugees in Bangladesh." International Journal on Minority and Group Rights 28, no. 1 (November 26, 2021): 187–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718115-bja10020.
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Abstract The Rohingya community in Myanmar has been the subject of persecution and violent attacks that have forced them to flee the country and to take refuge in neighbouring Bangladesh several times in history. The latest wave of conflict-led displacement in August 2017 forced nearly a million Rohingya ethnic minorities to take refuge in Bangladesh. However, this time, a small number of Hindu Rohingya refugees also arrived in the refugee camps of Bangladesh. As they are small in number and considered insignificant by the international community, the attention on them has long been minimal. This study constitutes an exploratory research endeavour using qualitative research methodologies. It aims to reveal the main reasons behind their exodus, migration journey and refugee life in Bangladesh.
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Hannemann, Jan-Gero Alexander, and Georg Dietlein. "The development of refugee law clinics in Germany in view of the refugee crisis in Europe." International Journal of Clinical Legal Education 25, no. 2 (September 6, 2018): 160. http://dx.doi.org/10.19164/ijcle.v25i2.725.
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<p>Coming to an unknown country, seeking for refuge, having nobody anymore, because of the family murdered by a criminal regime, not being able to speak the language of the country, having no idea of the legal system – this scenario can put refugees in very difficult circumstances, especially if the refugees need legal advice concerning their situation. There is not only the pressure of getting along with the horrific experiences the refugee went through but sometimes even legal problems that have to be solved, sometimes problems that may decide whether a person can stay in the country or has to leave it.</p><p><br />And most of the time small issues, like how to deal with certain formalities or what steps to undertake next, are in question. This is where law clinics, especially the specialized refugee law clinics, might help.</p>
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Almuhaisen, Raghad. "Non-Refoulement of Refugees in International Law." Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan Journal for Legal Studies 3, no. 3 (November 30, 2022): 175–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.15849/zujjls.221130.09.
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Abstract The principle of non-refoulement is considered one of the basic principles in the international refugee law, as it protects the refugees from falling at the hands of the authorities persecuting them. The rights that the refugees enjoy according to the international conventions is considered as obligations over the refugees’ host State. The most important of which are: Right to protection against refoulement and constraining the host State’s authority regarding the expulsion of the refugee. The international refugee law rejects the expulsion of the refugee. Also, the principle of Non Refoulement is well entrenched in customary international law; it is binding for contracting and non-contracting states. In addition, he Contracting States shall not expel a refugee lawfully in their territory save on grounds of national security or public order. Articles (32) and (33) of the 1951 refugee convention are the core of international refugee protection. Keywords: Refoulement of Refugee, Host State, the 1951 refugee convention.
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Momot, Volodymyr Ye, Olena M. Lytvynenko, and S. Zairzhanov. "SPECIFICS OF GAINING ECONOMIC INDEPENDENCE BY REFUGEES FROM UKRAINE." Academic Review 1, no. 58 (February 15, 2023): 205–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.32342/2074-5354-2023-1-58-15.
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The article examines the problems of the emergence and development of the flow of refugees from Ukraine during the first half of 2022 as a complex phenomenon that depends on rational (economic) and irrational (social-psychological) factors. The phenomenological model, created on the basis of the Burgers’ equation, which reproduces the process of the involvement of the new refugees to the flow and the resistance of the environment to the formation of this flow, made it possible to analyze such subtle effects as the existence of a hub country, where the initial accumulation of refugees takes place, followed by redistribution, and the influence of infrastructure problems in the exit country. Transitional regimes from the infrastructural problems prevailing in the country of exit to the predominant influence of the hub-country effects are also considered. It is concluded that the entry to new levels of the refugee flow could be achieved due to the effects of emotional and economic (rational) behavior of refugees replenishing the hub, i.e., a stepwise development of the refugee flow is possible if new hubs would be created, or the existing hub will be freed up from overloading. On the basis of mathematical modeling, it is shown that in the case when the refugee flow is restrained by infrastructural problems in the exodus country, the exit to the stationary regime is delayed. Identification of the proposed model was carried out based on the empirical data on the refugee flow development using the apparatus of incorrect problems of the mathematical physics. A comparison of the dynamic effects of the refugee flow development from Ukraine with similar processes in Syria and Iraq was carried out, which allowed for identification of the zones of influence of infrastructure problems and the hub effect in the refugee flow development. The use of the concept of refugees’ economic independence (self-sufficiency), which was developed in 2018 by the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, was proposed as a basis for policy formation in the field of refugee assistance. The consequences of the discrete use of this concept in the case of refugees from Syria are analyzed, and the dynamics of employment opportunities for these refugees in countries with similar and different socio-cultural conditions were compared. A conclusion was made about the fundamental difference in the employment trends in those types of countries. The authors formulated proposals regarding the utilization of the Monte Carlo methods and the learning model for researching the peculiarities of the process of Ukrainian refugees achieving a certain level of economic independence (self-sufficiency), determining the typical time of reaching such a level, obtaining the distribution of probabilities of getting the first job depending on the initial competencies and skills of refuges, their education, experience, and foreign languages mastery.
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Buzev, Anatol. "The rights of refugees from Ukraine in the Republic of Moldova." Eastern European Journal of Regional Studies 9, no. 1 (June 2023): 48–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.53486/2537-6179.9-1.04.
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The refugee crisis in Ukraine generated by the intensity of military actions has highlighted the vulnerabilities faced by state institutions, affected by the large number of foreigners who have sought refuge on the territory of the Republic of Moldova. Both the Member States of the European Union and the Republic of Moldova have seen the security gaps that persist and must be removed. Change is a difficult and time-consuming process, and in the event of a massive influx of foreigners, it requires prompt and effective interventions. Actions in the management of the crisis situation put the authorities of the Republic of Moldova to the test. Thus, taking into account the effects of the refugee crisis in Ukraine, this paper consists in assessing national efforts in the context of the most efficient management of refugee flows seeking protection in the Republic of Moldova. This article aims to highlight the problem of the refugee crisis in Ukraine, the crisis conditioned by the Russo-Ukrainian war. The article also highlights the main issues regarding the granting by the Republic of Moldova of humanitarian aid to refugees from Ukraine, as well as respect for the rights of refugees in the Republic of Moldova.
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Gatrell, Peter. "Refugees and refugee studies." Nationalities Papers 45, no. 6 (November 2017): 1189–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00905992.2017.1355359.
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Allan, K. "Engineering - Refugees. Refugee / Engineer." Engineering & Technology 18, no. 6 (July 1, 2023): 50–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/et.2023.0620.
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