Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Refugee'
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1
Davidson, Alyssa Carol. "Refugees and Media Framing During the Refugee Crisis." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2019. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/7365.
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At the end of 2018, more than 68.5 million people were displaced from their homes. Of these displaced persons, 22.5 million of these people were forced to leave their homes and find safety in another country. These people are known globally as refugees. Many of these refugees in recent years have fled to Western countries in Europe and North America. This immigration and the general subject of refugees and their integration into their host countries have recently been a large subject for media. Many of these refugees came from countries and cultures that may carry stigmatic backgrounds including Middle Eastern and African countries. For decades, media portrayals in entertainment, social, media, and news media have shown people from these countries in certain ways that may conflict with truthful characteristics of people from these cultures. The purpose of this study is to help better understand how refugees<'> personal assimilation experiences compare to information distributed by the media. Through researching existing studies of media portrayals of refugees and Muslims through the lens of framing theory readers can better understand what information is distributed in Western cultures about refugees. Then, through conducting in-depth interviews with refugees hosted in Europe and the United States, seeking understanding of refugees<'> personal stories, life experiences, and their perceptions of media representations of people of their same refugee status, readers may additionally better understand any differences in the portrayal of refugees and the experiences had by refugees themselves. Using grounded theory, poignant themes emerged from the interviews to explain how interviewed refugees<'> lives are similar or differ and are affected by Western media portrayals. Emergent themes indicated that primarily polarized news accounts may interfere with refugee acculturation by making social and cultural connections difficult, discrepancies in qualifications, and issues with misunderstanding refugees<'> lack of mobility. Additionally, refugee sentiments about refugee media portrayals and acculturation were evaluated to better understand how the media affects their assimilation processes.
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Hortsing, Zosia Mira. "Roma refugees : international refugee protection and Europe's 'internal outsiders'." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28121.
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The paper is concerned with the position of Roma refugees within the
international refugee protection system, and how they face exclusion from asylum
in an international context in which migration is represented as a threat to state
sovereignty. Specifically, the paper argues that, because of their status both as Roma
and as refugees, Roma refugees are represented and treated by states as a double
threat to the territorial state order. As a result, they are subject to a unique logic of
double exclusion that limits their ability to seek and obtain refugee protection after
fleeing persecution in their home states. This exclusion operates at three distinct
levels in the international system: within the European Union (EU), harmonized
asylum policy among member states prevents Roma refugees from Europe from
accessing refugee protection in other EU countries; in non‐European destination
countries, states use interdiction measures to prevent refugees from arriving on
state territory; and in the refugee determination process itself, some decisionmakers
use stereotyping, racial profiling and problematic assessments of ethnicity
to unnecessarily reject certain Roma claims. These three levels of exclusion operate
simultaneously to limit Roma refugees’ chances of being granted refugee protection
under the current system. Furthermore, these mechanisms of exclusion are often
framed by a discourse that de-legitimizes Roma refugee claims and portrays these
refugees as ‘bogus’ claimants or ‘illegal migrants’ out to take advantage of liberal
refugee policy, rather than people potentially fleeing persecution and seeking
surrogate protection under international law.
3
Mensah, David Ampoma. "An exploration of refugee integration : a case study of Krisan refugee camp, Ghana." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1014.
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Conflict in Africa remains one of the continent’s principal development challenges. The human, economic and development costs of conflict are immense. A peaceful and secure environment remains the greatest priority for ordinary Africans across the continent. However, this often remains a mirage for many as violent armed conflicts continue to take its toll on many ordinary citizens, often, displacing them as refugees. Some refugees remain in very a deplorable refugee camps that offer them no prospects of decent livelihood for many years. With fear that they would be persecuted upon return to their countries of origin and often the delays in finding solutions to political violence, refugees remain in a protracted situation. A Protracted refugee situation means that refugees have lived in exile for more than five years with no immediate prospect of finding a durable solution to their plight by means of voluntary repatriation, local integration or resettlement. Thousands of refugees who fled violent conflicts in the West Africa and other parts of Africa have lived for more than a decade in the Krisan and Buduburam refugee camps in Ghana. A situation that can be termed protracted. This paper investigated the perceptions of local Ghanaians, Refugees of Krisan Refugee Camp and Government Official on the integration of refugees in Ghana. Krisan Refugee Camp which was built in 1996, particularly, houses about 1,700 refugees from nine countries: The Democratic Republic of Congo, Congo Brazzaville, Côte d’Ivoire, Chad, Liberia, Sierra Leone and The Sudan. The refugees have lived with the indigenous people of Krisan village for more than a decade and thus offered the best case for the investigation. The researcher used qualitative triangulation method to collect data. That is, he observed the refugees, the local people and supervisors of the refugee camp who made up the sample population. The researcher was able to conduct a face to face in-depth interview and studied necessary documents that informed the study immensely. Thematic data analysis revealed economic and employment opportunities, security, cultural and social networking and finally good counselling on the three traditional durable solutions as the themes greatly impacting on the integration of refugees in Ghana. A number of recommendations are made to inform the management and integration of refugees in Ghana and in Africa in general.
4
Buyer, Meritt. "Beyond the refugee label : identity and agency among Somali refugees." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/7790.
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Includes abstract.|Includes bibliographical references (leaves 99-103).As the world refugee population continues to rise, so the debate over how to best assist those who have been displaced intensifies. Humanitarian practices often have a disempowering effect on individuals instead of helping them to become self-sufficient. This problem is compounded by the gap between the realities on the ground and the overarching policies of both governments and organizations. In South Africa, the plethora of social issues, the lack of long-term solutions for refugee resettlement and the unsuccessful implementation of national policies relating to refugees contribute to the xenophobia that has become prevalent across the country. When the xenophobic sentiment turns violent, the Somali community has been targeted in the most extreme ways. Using the oral history methodology, this study draws on 17 life story interviews with Somali refugees residing in the Cape Town area. The interviews focus on the refugees' experience with humanitarian organizations and the government policy of their host country. By exploring their memories of Somalia and their relationship to their homeland, as well as their experiences in exile, it becomes evident that the Somalis' personal histories impact on how they negotiate the different forms of assistance that are available, or the lack thereof. Those who have had little control over their own lies in the past continue to have greater difficulty reaching their financial and educational goals, integrating onto South African society, and accessing the rights granted to them by law. Those who historically had some amount of agency continue to do so, despite the disempowering effects of mass assistance programs. In order for governments and organizations to be successful in their mission to assist and resettle refugees, they must have a more complete understanding of the history and cultural norms of assistance of the communities with whom they are working, as well as the realities of the current circumstances. The oral history method, with its ability to account for personal subjectivity, narrative authority, and historical agency, allows for in-depth exploration into the impact of policies created by the external bodies of international aid organizations, national governments, and local organizations at the grassroots level.
5
Ondja'a, Bertin. "Refugee Resettlement Program in Hamilton County: Housing Needs for Refugees." Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc_num=ucin1243365744.
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Thesis (Master of Community Planning)--University of Cincinnati, 2009.[Advisor: Johanna W. Looye]. Title from electronic thesis title page (viewed Oct. 20, 2009). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references.
6
Calvar, Javier. "Asylum seekers and refugees in the UK: the role of refugee community organisations and refugee agencies in the settlement process." Thesis, Middlesex University, 1999. http://eprints.mdx.ac.uk/6413/.
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Using a qualitative approach, this study looks into the experiences of refugees during settlement in Britain, their perceptions and expectations of community associations and refugee agencies and the services these provide. Focused on the Colombian and the Somali refugee communities in London, the research is based on eight in depth interviews with personnel from refugee organisations and 31 with refugees themselves: 16 with Colombians and 15 Somalis. One mixed-sex group discussion with Colombian refugees and two, one male and one female, with Somalis were also conducted. This was complemented with direct observation and an extensive review of the existing literature. The research shows that English language skills, transferability of previous skills and employment experience, circumstances of flight, racism and discrimination, cultural differences between the country of origin and the UK, and availability of adequate health-care services and accommodation are key factors affecting refugee settlement. The findings also show that word of mouth was the most common medium of gaining awareness of refugee organisations for both the Colombian and the Somali refugees, followed by printed material. Whilst the Somali refugees were generally satisfied with the organisations they had approached, the Colombians expressed a high level of dissatisfaction. The findings lead to the conclusion that refugees' socio-cultural background and the reasons behind their flight are likely to shape both their settlement and their attitudes towards refugee organisations in the country of exile. Whilst the research suggests that there is a long way to go before refugee organisations can satisfactorily meet the needs of refugees in Britain, it also shows a pervasive lack of feed-back systems in those organisations. The study concludes with a number of recommendations to facilitate settlement, arguing that unless the available resources are used more efficiently, the effects of current legislation will be disastrous for the refugee population.
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Oberoi, Pia A. "Refugees on the Indian subcontinent : the construction of state refugee policy." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.420436.
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Ramadan, Adam. "Violent Geographies of Exile : Palestinian refugees and refugee camps in Lebanon." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.517330.
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McAdam, Jane. "Seeking refuge in human rights : complementary protection in international refugee law." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2004. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:7af99722-4987-414f-bed1-2bb8f097bf7c.
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This thesis examines complementary protection the protection afforded by States to persons who fall outside the legal definition of a refugee in article 1A(2) of the 1951 Refugee Convention, but who nonetheless have a need for international protection. Human rights law has extended States' international protection obligations beyond the Refugee Convention, preventing States from removing individuals who would be at risk of serious harm if returned to their countries of origin. While a number of States have traditionally respected these additional human rights obligations, they have been reluctant to grant beneficiaries a formal legal status analogous to that enjoyed by Convention refugees. By examining the human rights foundations of the Convention, the architecture of the Convention, regional examples of complementary protection, and principles of non-discrimination, the thesis argues that the Convention is a lex specialis for all persons in need of international protection a specialized blueprint of legal status, irrespective of the legal source of the protection obligation. Chapter 1 identifies pre-1951 examples of complementary protection, demonstrating how the content of the status afforded to extended categories of refugees was historically the same as that granted to 'legal' refugees. It traces unsuccessful attempts at the international and European levels to codify a system of complementary protection, prior to the EU's adoption of the Qualification Directive in 2004. The Qualification Directive, examined in Chapter 2, represents the first supranational codification of complementary protection, but is hampered by a hierarchical conceptualization of protection that grants a lesser status to beneficiaries of 'subsidiary protection' vis-à-vis Convention refugees. Chapters 3 to 5 examine the CAT, ECHR, ICCPR and CRC to identify provisions which may give rise to a claim for international protection, beyond article 3 CAT, article 3 ECHR and article 7 ICCPR. Finally, Chapter 6 illustrates why all persons protected by the principle of non-refoulement are entitled to the same legal status, demonstrating the function of the Convention as a lex specialis for all persons in need of international protection.
10
Palmer, Glen. "Reluctant refuge : unaccompanied refugee and evacuee children in Australia, 1933-45 /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1995. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09php1738.pdf.
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SOUZA, FABRICIO TOLEDO DE. "THE REFUGEE CRISIS AND THE REFUGEE AS A CRISIS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2016. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=29858@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTS. DE ENSINO
PROGRAMA DE DOUTORADO SANDUÍCHE NO EXTERIOR
A crise dos refugiados é apreendida em duas principais dimensões. De um lado, é a evidência de que a guerra tornou-se a condição generalizada de nosso tempo. Mais do que um evento extraordinário, a crise dos refugiados é signo da violência e da desigualdade como normalidade. Neste sentido, nomear como crise o aumento incessante dos deslocamentos é apenas uma forma de legitimar a violência constante em que vivem parcelas enormes da população mundial, especialmente as mais pobres. O fundamento humanitário do instituto do refúgio é indissociável da gestão global da iniquidade. Nesta primeira dimensão, qualificada como negativa, o instituto de refúgio, fundado em uma concepção de vida sempre diminuída, é apreendido como um dispositivo de controle e docilização. Por meio da distinção e classificação entre refugiados e migrantes, a vida, o direito e a cidadania surgem como bens escassos. De outro lado, sem recusar a tragédia, a crise surge em sua dimensão afirmativa. Nesta perspectiva, as classificações instituídas pelos estados cedem lugar às subjetividades produzidas pelos sujeitos que fogem. Os sujeitos em fuga afirmam o caráter constituinte e ontológico da fuga: atravessam a sobrevivência para afirmar a resistência como fundamento da vida, atribuindo, por meio de sua luta, o valor e a dignidade da própria vida. Simultaneamente à dor, à negatividade e à violência, na fuga existe o desejo positivo por liberdade e democracia. Os sujeitos decidem fugir porque querem viver. Não se trata de recusar a tragédia, mas sim recuperá-la do vazio e da impotência.
The refugee crisis is considered in two main dimensions. On the one hand, it demonstrates that war has become the generalized condition of our time. More than an extraordinary event, the refugee crisis is a sign of the normalization of violence and inequality. In this regard, naming as a crisis the incessant increase of displacement is a way of legitimizing the constant violence in which large portions of the world population live, especially the poorest. The humanitarian foundation of the institution of refuge is inseparable from the global management of iniquity. In this first dimension, qualified as negative, the refuge regime, founded on a conception of always diminished life, is treated as a mechanism of control and docilization. Through the distinction and classification of refugees and migrants, life, rights and citizenship arise as scarce goods. On the other hand, without rejecting this tragedy, the affirmative dimension of the crisis is considered. In this perspective, the classifications established by states give way to the subjectivities produced by the fleeing subjects. They affirm the constitutive and ontological character of the escape: through survival, subjects in escape assert resistance as the foundation of life, giving, through their very struggle, value and dignity to life itself. Concomitant to the pain, negativity and violence, in escape there is a positive desire for freedom and democracy. Escaping subjects decide to flee because they want to live. This is not to deny the tragedy, but reclaim escape from emptiness and impotence.
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Healey, Ruth L. "Refugee employment experiences : utilising Tamil refugee skills in London." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2009. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/10338/.
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This research investigates the skills that Tamil refugees who have moved to the UK bring with them, the extent to which they utilise these skills, and how they adapt and develop their skills for the UK labour market. Through qualitative research with twenty-six Tamil refugees from Sri Lanka, and a further seventeen interviews with 'elite' contacts in London, the refugees' experiences of integration through employment are examined. Here the human and social capital factors influencing the use, or lack of use, of skills within the Tamil refugee community are analysed. Particular focus is placed on contrasting the practices of male and female refugees and the variations of perceptions of individual success within wider perceptions of success in broader Tamil societies. Further research undertaken with Tamils in Montreal offers a counterpoint to the situations of refugees in London, providing an international perspective on the wider Tamil diaspora. The concepts of success, gender. coping strategies, gratitude and integration are used to theorise the employment experiences of individuals. With a few exceptions, most previous research investigating the skills of immigrant groups has focused on the demand for, rather than the supply of, skills. and on the economic, rather than social, aspects of skill utilisation and adaptation. Research in this area has important implications for policies that disperse asylum seekers away from their ethnic communities. Supporting the utilisation of skills could contribute to overcoming some skill shortages and integrating refugees into society, as well as enhancing the lives of the refugees themselves. This thesis argues that the ethnic community and ethnic economy playa crucial role in shaping the employment experiences of Tamil refugees. The importance of the wider Tamil refugee community and the ability to be immersed within the Tamil ethnic economy on a day-to-day basis, however also contributes to the difficulties that Tamil refugees face integrating into wider societies. This is not a unique situation. Tamil refugees face some similar experiences to other immigrant groups. Consequently this work builds upon earlier work concerned with the migrationasylum nexus, arguing that the differentiation between forced migrants and economic migrants has been over-simplified when examining their experiences in host countries.
13
Verhulst, Monika. "Resocialisation of children in refugee camps : a comparison between the WWII situation and modern Indochina." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 1994. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/26753.
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The phenomenon of the refugee exodus is not unique to the twentieth century. On the contrary, refugee masses have existed since the dawn of Empires and the wars which accompanied their construction. However, the twentieth century is, in many respects, a turning point in the aggravation of the refugee problem:
The modern nation state, consolidated after WWI, implies a rigid partition of formerly porous territories. Whereas in the nineteenth century the questions relating to refugees were treated on a more individual level, without public intervention, the compartmentalisation of the world gave rise to an international dimension of these specific population movements.
Modern technologies enable the nations to make intensified wars and to generate mass destruction. This phenomenon, accelerated by the rise of totalitarian regimes3, has led to an increasing number of uprooted people.
The world-wide decline in mortality rates and the resulting over-population in countries of the South, combined with an uneven distribution of resources, and the ruthless over-exploitation of land are at the origin of an intensifying economic and ecological dimension of the refugee problem.
Today, the number of uprooted men, women and children is greater than ever before. The U.S. Committee for Refugees reported an increase of 52,595 of the world's refugees4 between 1984 and 1989. Presently, there exist over 15.1 million refugees, of which children represent nearly one half of the total (7.5 million)5 . The number of displaced persons (about 20 Million) is even more important.
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Celik, Elcin. "Bosnian Refugees in Bowling Green, Kentucky: Refugee Resettlement and Community Based Research." TopSCHOLAR®, 2012. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1190.
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To understand the reasons for the increase in recent years of the Bosnian population in Bowling Green, Kentucky and their adaptation problems as refugees in their host country, this study focused upon the Bosnian community in Bowling Green and addressed what the role of their challenges is in the shaping of refugees’ new life in their host country. Extensive literature review helped to emerge that for an understanding of the situation of the refugees, their interaction in the host country is more meaningful topic for research.
This study employed qualitative research methods, drawing from existing empirical studies addressing resettlement in the context of the informants’ wartime experiences. Initially, the researcher approached patrons at Bosnian restaurants and worshipers at local mosques to find Bosnian people. Snowball sampling used to identify Bosnian refugees living in the Bowling Green community.
Twenty-five in-depth interviews were conducted for needs assessment and issue identification. The interviews were transcribed and analyzed in an attempt to understand the difficulties of adaptation among Bosnian refugees living in Bowling Green.
A qualitative case study approach was chosen because it was the most effective way to gain knowledge of refugees’ experiences and perceptions in the context of the societies in which they resettled.
Findings revealed that interviewed group struggled with mostly language and employment challenges to integration. Social support was provided through organizations that included Americans aided integration and the families resettled before as they provided significant support is directing resettlement.
Banki’s (2004) and Jacobsen’s (2001) indicators of refugee integration were used to in order to determine to the extent to which this sample of Bosnian refugees are integrated into their host county.
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Loulopoulou, Angela Ioanna. "Positive psychology and the refugee experience : shifting perceptions and attitudes towards refugees." Thesis, University of Essex, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.528855.
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Matlou, Patrick. "Refugee policy in Botswana (1958-1989) : the interaction between state security, refugee agency interests and refugee needs." Thesis, University of Essex, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.304527.
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Turner, Lewis Edward. "Challenging refugee men : humanitarianism and masculinities in Za'tari refugee camp." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2018. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/30291/.
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Archer, Erin. "Finding Refuge Between Rhetoric and Practice: South Africa’s Approach to Refugee Immigration." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/23706.
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This study examines how the South African Department of Home Affair’s asylum policies, laws, and implementation of those policies speak to South Africa’s commitment (both legally and socially) to protecting human rights. Specifically, this study analyzes the 2017 policy papers, 2017 Amendment to the Refugees Act, and the Director-General’s decision to close the Cape Town Refugee Reception Office.
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Cesaratto, Enrica <1991>. ""Vietnamese Refugee Crisis"." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/8726.
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Following the fall of Saigon on April 30, 1975, fearing the new communist leadership, an endless exodus of desperate individuals started: they were the Vietnamese “boat people”. Until 1996, when this massive displacement of millions of Vietnamese reached its conclusion, neighbouring countries such as Malaysia, Thailand and later Hong Kong were to host the 3 waves of boat people that, at intervals, begun to reach their shores, becoming countries of first asylum. The UNHCR had a leading role in conducing resettlement procedures to third, western countries, for those who met the requirements for refugee status. At an international level, the problem was managed thanks to two important programs, the ODP and the CPA, issued following two famous conferences in 1979 and 1989, the latter finally leading the issue to its end.
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MAANI, SARA. "refugee, agency, city." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/368942.
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My PhD dissertation titled refugee, agency, city, is a research at the intersection of critical urban theories and migration studies. It grows out of an ethnography conducted in Milan, Italy motivated by a search for collective practices of refugees claiming urban space in the years following the 2015 so-called refugee crisis. The ethnography comprises projects shaped by the interactions between refugees and self-organized solidarity groups. These projects include housing struggles, claiming asylum seekers’ rights in refugee camps, and claiming regular jobs and social recognition.
Through a multiscalar methodology, I look at (a) the spatial configuration of refugee governance in Milan, i.e. reception centers, shelters, detention and deportation center; (b) the subjects who are involved in refugee management in the place, in a scalar relation, from European Union, to the national-state, the city, and non-state actors including humanitarian third sector and multinational profit making companies; (c) the self-organized subjects of civil society such as associations, volunteers, and social movements in solidarity with migrants; and (d) the collective projects of migrants and solidarity groups as practices which struggle for solidarity and commons.
By putting the critical urban theories of scale and state in dialogue with the racial capitalism, I examine the continuous reorganization of the hierarchical interrelationships among scales and its relation to the triadization of state-civil society- migrants. For this, I look at the collective struggles of migrants and solidarity groups in relation to the challenges of (a) self-organizing body of civil society in their relation to the state apparatus and the roles they have to assume or resist to in the new models of governance, (b) asylum seekers in how they are being positioned in social life by their legal, social, and economic precarity, and (c) the encounter of migrants and solidarity groups in finding some common ground while simultaneously situated against and within multiscalar racialized asymmetric power relations.My PhD dissertation titled refugee, agency, city, is a research at the intersection of critical urban theories and migration studies. It grows out of an ethnography conducted in Milan, Italy motivated by a search for collective practices of refugees claiming urban space in the years following the 2015 so-called refugee crisis. The ethnography comprises projects shaped by the interactions between refugees and self-organized solidarity groups. These projects include housing struggles, claiming asylum seekers’ rights in refugee camps, and claiming regular jobs and social recognition. Through a multiscalar methodology, I look at (a) the spatial configuration of refugee governance in Milan, i.e. reception centers, shelters, detention and deportation center; (b) the subjects who are involved in refugee management in the place, in a scalar relation, from European Union, to the national-state, the city, and non-state actors including humanitarian third sector and multinational profit making companies; (c) the self-organized subjects of civil society such as associations, volunteers, and social movements in solidarity with migrants; and (d) the collective projects of migrants and solidarity groups as practices which struggle for solidarity and commons. By putting the critical urban theories of scale and state in dialogue with the racial capitalism, I examine the continuous reorganization of the hierarchical interrelationships among scales and its relation to the triadization of state-civil society- migrants. For this, I look at the collective struggles of migrants and solidarity groups in relation to the challenges of (a) self-organizing body of civil society in their relation to the state apparatus and the roles they have to assume or resist to in the new models of governance, (b) asylum seekers in how they are being positioned in social life by their legal, social, and economic precarity, and (c) the encounter of migrants and solidarity groups in finding some common ground while simultaneously situated against and within multiscalar racialized asymmetric power relations.
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Clarin, Malin. "Climate refugees, refugees or under own protection? : A comparative study between climate refugees and refugees embraced by the United Nations Refugee Convention." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för samhälls- och livsvetenskaper, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-7685.
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Global warming is a current topic on the international agenda. The rise of temperature in the atmosphere threatens populations living on island, deltas and coastal areas, and people living nearby the Arctic and areas covered by permafrost are threatened. In turn this leads to the people in these areas being projected to be homeless or displaced due to climate change and the rising numbers of natural disasters. Those people are what you can label as climate refugees. According to IOM and Brown (2001) climate refugees are persons who for compelling reasons of change in the environment which change their living conditions have to escape their homes, either within their country or abroad.The United Nations Refugee Convention is the binding legislation followed by 147 (in 2008) of the UN member states. Either the UN Refugee Convention or any other international law recognizes climate refugees, and those people are due to that not granted any legal status. Who will protect these people when they have to escape their homes? This paper aims to explore what distinguish climate refugees from the refugees embraced by the UN Refugee Convention by a comparative literature review, for in this way be able to recognize the assumptions that make the United Nations to not classify climate refugees with refugee status. Both groups of refugees has in common that they live under the pressured decision they have to make as they flee their native homes to ensure their own and their families survival according to Grove (2006).In the long run both climate refugees and the UN Refugee Convention embraced refugees face the same traumatic experiences escaping their homes and have due to that the similar right to get the same mental help and be protected under international law. But populations facing the effects of global warming do not want to leave their land and believe it is an issue of human rights.
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Skran, Claudena M. "The international refugee regime and the refugee problem in interwar Europe." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.303565.
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Nguyen, Thi Anh Thu. "Refugee Protection in ASEAN: The Case of The Rohingya Refugee Crisis." Thesis, Griffith University, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/418782.
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This thesis originates from the following perplexing observation. Between 2012 and 2018, Southeast Asia witnessed the Rohingya refugee crisis, during which thousands of Rohingya refugees left Myanmar to seek asylum in Thailand, Malaysia and Indonesia. Despite growing calls for the establishment of a regional refugee protection framework to respond to the crisis, the key regional organization, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), did not adopt a formal framework on refugee protection. In the existing literature, ASEAN’s failure to develop a regional refugee protection framework has been explained in terms of its historical disengagement with the international refugee protection regime, the absence of regional wars, and the ASEAN norm of sovereign noninterference. Although they provide important insights into the crisis, these three explanations remain unable to explain why ASEAN failed to collectively adapt refugee protection norms to suit its own regional context.
Norm localization theory suggests that a political crisis, such as the Rohingya refugee crisis, can trigger the localization of an external norm in response to calls for a new normative order. Once triggered, the success of the localization process depends on the roles played by norm entrepreneurs, the strength of cognitive priors, and the impact of the external norm on local authority.
This thesis argues that the Rohingya refugee crisis did not trigger the localization of refugee protection norms due to a lack of multi-level consensus on how to describe the crisis, to frame the victims of the crisis, and to identify possible solutions for their protection. In the absence of international consensus on the collective response to the crisis, the Rohingya refugee crisis was framed by ASEAN as an internal affair or episode of communal strife. This obstructed recognition of the Rohingya crisis as a refugee protection crisis. When it came to the victims of the crisis, ASEAN retained its cognitive prior of responsibility shifting by relying on a securitized agenda of human trafficking and people smuggling to avoid any responsibility for the refugees. The thesis finds that refugee protection solutions were mainly developed by local states. Grafting protection solutions developed by the international community, local protection solutions for the Rohingya refugees demonstrated some progress toward international standards. However, political and economic interests in each host state limited the development of local refugee protection frameworks throughout the three phases of the Rohingya refugee crisis.
The empirical findings of this thesis contribute to the development of norm localization theory by showing how, in this case, each of its contributing factors impeded the adoption of a regional refugee protection framework. It also highlights additional factors that allow norm localization theory to better explain the failure of ASEAN in protecting the Rohingya refugee population. Going beyond the heavy focus on the role of regional organizations in translating external norms in norm localization theory, the thesis points out the importance of multi-level consistency between the international community, regional organizations, and local states in framing external norms and elucidates the factors at the local state level that influence the trajectories of the localization process. This is the lesson that the case of Rohingya refugee crisis offers for similar future crises in ASEAN and other regions where the refugee protection norm has been resisted. The empirical findings also provide significant insights that enrich the existing literature on barriers to refugee protection in ASEAN.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Govt & Int Relations
Griffith Business School
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Moyle, Fernando Brandon Elliot. "Refugee Integration in Tucson, AZ: The Role of a Refugee Council." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/190231.
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The purpose of this report is to propose a Refugee Council that could improve the process of refugee resettlement in the cities of Tucson and Phoenix, Arizona. In particular, it provides insight into the ways in which the current administrative arrangement of refugee service providers does not adequately meet the needs of recently resettled refugees. The report identifies ways in which a Refugee Council could address problems identified by those interacting in the refugee arena by creating a direct mode of communication and information exchange between refugees, service providers and municipal governments. The study was conducted through extensive interviews of all eight Refugee Resettlement Agencies operating in Arizona, all six of the Refugee Service Providers within the state, and six of the fifteen registered Mutual Assistance Associations. Additionally, eleven different Refugee Focus groups were attended by sixty-nine refugees from nineteen countries. A strength of the methodology lies in the extensive coverage of the key stakeholders in the refugee arena. A key finding from this research was that representatives from all the organization types interviewed expressed the need for additional levels of networking amongst those operating within the refugee arena. Another important finding is the gap in perception about the services rendered by service providers and the services received by refugees. This gap is borne largely from the current manner in which programs are created and then administered by agencies with little to no input as to ideal practices from other stakeholders. The formation of a Refugee Council, as recommended by this report, could begin to address this gap in perceptions. Based on these findings, the report recommends the formation of a Refugee Council that would address immediate issues of refugee childcare, transportation and training. The creation of a Refugee Council could create the venue for much needed communication as well as allow for collaborative, well-informed decision making for new programs. The report recommends a council formation that could immediately address the need for increased networking amongst all the stakeholders in the field of refugee services.
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Griffin, Rosemary Holly. "Refugee Resettlement: Social Capital, Civil Society, and the Integration Processes of Former Refugees." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Social and Political Sciences, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/7392.
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This thesis explores the process of identity renegotiation and the role social capital plays in civil society participation by the former refugee communities of Eritrean and Bhutanese living in Christchurch, New Zealand. This is undertaken through examination of three hypotheses pertaining to ethnic identity maintenance and national identity creation, community mobilisation and social capital, and the motivations behind such mobilisation. In comparing the processes of identity negotiation and social capital between the members of the Eritrean and Bhutanese communities, this study of 27 participants illustrates the importance of members’ ethnic community connection in the development of a national identity, and the dissimilar levels of social capital and subsequent participation in civil society by the two communities. This work analyses the role social capital within such migrant communities plays in members participation in their settlement society as well as in group’s ethnic identity maintenance. The theoretical framework of this work is influenced by the research of Berry (1997), Lucken (2010), Ager and Strang (2008) and Valtonen (1998; 2004).
This study found there are much higher levels of social capital in the Bhutanese community compared to the Eritrean community. These disparate levels can be attributed to the differing demographics of the communities; the high levels of stress suffered by Eritrean members involved in the family reunification process; and the differences between the communities refugee experience prior to arrival in New Zealand.
My findings also suggest that the process of national identification by migrants relies on strong connections between members’ and their ethnic community, not, as commonly assumed, participation in wider society. Importantly this work illustrates that social capital is necessary in the mobilisation of migrant communities. Grievances associated with settlement are not attended to on a community level unless there is a high degree of social capital within the community. This enables participation in civil society through the establishment of a representative community organisation, and members to cooperate with other sectors of wider society.
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Hoellerer, Nicole Ingrid Johanna. "Community in refugee resettlement : an ethnographic exploration of Bhutanese refugees in Manchester (UK)." Thesis, Brunel University, 2016. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/14517.
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After being expelled from Bhutan in the 1980s and 1990s, more than 100,000 Bhutanese refugees were forced to reside in refugee camps in Nepal. Twenty years later, in 2006, a global resettlement programme was initiated to relocate them in eight different nations: the USA, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Norway, Denmark, The Netherlands, and the UK. Since 2010, about 350 Bhutanese refugees have been resettled in Greater Manchester through the Gateway Protection Programme. This thesis is based on 14 months of ethnographic research with members of this community. This thesis analyses the complex relationship between forced migrants, social networks, and ruling, organisational entities, which facilitate refugee resettlement. This qualitative study looks at the structure, role and everyday utility of social networks amongst a small refugee community, and emphasizes that the creation of similarity and difference is an inherent part of community development. The research calls into question the assumptions of UK policy makers, service providers and academics alike, which hold that refugees are removed from their ‘original’ cultures through forced displacement, and thereafter strive to return to a state of ‘normalcy’ or ‘originality’, re-creating and re-inventing singular ‘traditions’, identities and communities. In response to these assumptions, policy makers and service providers in refugee camps and in the UK adopt a Community Development Approach (CDA). However, I argue that there is no fixed and bounded community amongst Bhutanese refugees, but that they actively reshape and adapt their interpretations, meanings and actions through their experiences of forced migration, and thus create novel communities out of old and new social networks. In the process, I juxtapose my informants’ emic understandings of community as samaj, with bureaucratized refugee community organisations (RCOs). This research shows that rather than a creating singular, formalized RCO to serve the ‘good of all’, the Bhutanese refugee community in Manchester is rife with divisions based on personal animosities and events stretching back to the refugee camps in Nepal. I conclude that RCOs may not be equipped to effectively deal with the divisive issues that arise due to refugee resettlement. The thesis is situated at the centre of anthropological investigations of forced migration, community, and policy, and uses interdisciplinary sources (such as policy documents, historical accounts) to highlight the complexities of forced migration and refugee resettlement. This critical research is also a response to the call to make qualitative, ethnographic research more relevant for policy makers and service provision, which is all the more important in this ‘century of the refugee’.
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Amberg, Ricarda Monique Carleton University Dissertation International Affairs. "Development oriented refugee assistance strategy; a case study of Guatemalan refugees in Mexico." Ottawa, 1987.
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Tollebrandt, Sandra, and Sophia Wrede. "Power Distribution Between Refugees and Host Population : A Case Study of the Nakivale Refugee Settlement." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för samhällsstudier (SS), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-28990.
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The UNHCR reports an anticipated growing number of migration movements in Africa that will increase the amount of prolonged refugee situations, with the international debate regarding refugee policies discussing local integration as a durable solution. Local integration policy is dependent on the acceptance and willingness of the host population and can engender tensions between refugees and hosts, which could be a result of their uneven power distribution, with one group possessing more social power, leading to more opportunities in the community. The objective of this study is to examine the relationship between refugees and host community in a settlement and seeks to expose any tensions that could arise between the groups from an uneven power distribution by using an analytical framework based on Norbert Elias’ book The Established and the Outsiders, which focuses on community problems between two groups. This thesis draws on a field study of the Nakivale Refugee Settlement in southern Uganda that has a refugee policy partially aimed towards local integration. The data has been collected through semi-structured interviews and observations as part of an ethnographic approach. The interviewed key stakeholders have been refugees and host populations living within the settlement as well as government officials and representatives from international organisations, IGOs and NGOs. Using Elias’ theory as a universal analytical tool showed us that there are established-outsider constellations creating tensions in a community, however these tensions do not fully rely on the qualities of the relationship. Moreover, results from the study indicate that the relationship between nationals and refugees in the settlement and the tensions it fostered are to a very large degree influenced by external factors, more specifically by the Ugandan government and international organisations as well as the complexity of group dimensions and situations, which contributed to a weakened host population.
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Khan, Fatima. "In chronic exile: A critique of South Africa's legal regime for refugees in protracted refugee situations." Doctoral thesis, Faculty of Law, 2017. https://hdl.handle.net/11427/31884.
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The major thrust of refugee protection worldwide is directed towards providing assistance to refugees in emergency situations. In South Africa, a large number of refugees have moved beyond this initial emergency phase such that the extended nature of their refugee status has left them in a state of continuous vulnerability. Their prolonged exile has led to violations of various rights recognised by international law and South Africa’s own constitutional and refugee law. Faced with restricted access to rights, refugees in South Africa live in poverty, are frustrated, and do not realise their full potential, to say nothing about the overt and brutal attacks they constantly face as victims of xenophobia. Their continued status as refugees deprives them of opportunities and subjects them to constant fear of harassment and exploitation. Even though neither the UNHCR nor the South African government has classified refugees living in South Africa as being in a protracted situation, many refugees have been in South Africa for five years or longer, with no durable solution in sight. This thesis highlights the plight of refugees in protracted refugee situation in South Africa and recommends suitable solutions to the problems this situation raises.
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Alfred, Z. T. "Constructing refugee narratives : an investigation of a refugee communities oral history project." Thesis, University of Essex, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.537919.
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Lind, Patrik. "Empty employment offices or empty apartments? : A study of the driving forces behind Swedish municipalities’ willingness to sign contracts with the Swedish central government regarding refugee reception." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Nationalekonomiska institutionen, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-156557.
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The aim of Sweden’s refugee settlement policy is that refugees should be offered an initial place of dwelling in a municipality with available accommodation and a good labour market within commuting distance. Refugees risk long-run unemployment, if initially placed in a municipality with bad labour market opportunities (see Edin et al., 2004 and Åslund et al., 2006). It is therefore important to know to what extent the state of a municipality’s labour market (and not only availability of apartments) drives the willingness to receive refugees. No such study has previously been con- ducted. This paper thus aims to bridge this gap in the research by analyzing data between 2006-2010 for all 290 Swedish municipalities and their contracts with the Swedish central government regarding refugee reception. The main findings are, when accounting for municipality-fixed effects, that neither unemployment nor available apartments affect the probability of signing a contract. Additional govern- ment grants, on the other hand, has a positive effect on the likelihood of signing a contract. Among municipalities which do sign contracts, the agreed number of refu- gees is negatively affected by higher municipality unemployment and positively affected by additional available apartments.
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Gerver, Mollie. "Refugee repatriation and consent." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2016. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3374/.
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Over the past decade, NGOs and government agencies have helped millions of refugees repatriate to their countries of origin, providing them free flights, travel documentation, and modest stipends. This thesis considers when such repatriation assistance is morally permissible. Drawing on original data from East Africa, I distinguish between six sets of cases, which require six distinct policies. In the first set, refugees choose to return because they are unjustly detained by the government. In such cases, NGOs should avoid helping with return if their actions causally contribute to the government’s detention policy. In the second set of cases, refugees are not detained, but return to a country they know little about. In such cases, both NGOs and government agencies have duties to inform refugees of the risks of returning. If they fail to inform refugees of the risks, they are engaging in a form of wrongful immigration control. In the third set of cases, refugees regret returning and, based on this, NGOs and government agencies can predict that future refugees will likely also regret returning. I develop a novel theory of when future regret is a reason to deny a service, and apply this theory to the case of repatriation. In a fourth set of cases, refugees are paid a great deal of money to repatriate, and would not have returned had they not been paid to leave. I argue that paying refugees to repatriate is only permissible when conditions are safe in countries of origin. In a fifth set of cases, parents repatriate to high-risk countries with their children. I argue that parents, in general, do not have a right to live in a country unsafe for their children, and NGOs and government agencies should refuse to help with such returns. In a final set of cases, refugees of a minority ethnicity are provided generous assistance to leave, while refugees of the majority ethnicity are not. I argue that such discriminatory assistance is permissible only when third parties remain unharmed.
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Pietka-Nykaza, Emilia. "Refugees' integration into their professions : experiences of refugee doctors and teachers in the UK." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2013. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=23060.
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By drawing upon the experiences of refugee doctors and teachers, this thesis seeks to explore integration into professions as a complex two-way process. This thesis aims to investigate the ongoing events that construct the integration process but does not attempt to measure this process. In order to achieve this, the study explores the roles of underlying structures (profession and refugeeness) and refugee agency in shaping the actions and experiences that construct the integration process. The findings of this thesis are drawn from 180 online surveys, 12 interviews with service providers and 39 interviews with refugee doctors and teachers. The data were collected over a six-month period in Glasgow and London. The findings show that professional structures create institutional and cultural barriers which limit refugee doctors' and teachers' opportunities to re-enter their chosen professions after arrival in the UK. These experiences were further enhanced by the refugeeness of these professional groups wishing to work in a country where they were not educated. The findings also illustrate refugees' diverse responses to challenge encountered barriers and re-enter their professions. Finally, this study shows the important role of professional, cultural and social capital in the process of integration into professions.
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Nilsson, Helena Marianne. "Sudanese and South Sudanese refugee women’s sense of security in Kakuma refugee camp." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teologiska institutionen, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-203455.
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This thesis aims to find out how Sudanese and South Sudanese refugee women experience their security and safety in Kakuma refugee camp, which is situated in north- western part of Kenya. Sudan and South Sudan has had two civil wars since its independence from the British colonialism. The civil wars in Sudan and South Sudan have mainly been concerning the differences between northern and southern Sudan, with the northern part predominantly Muslim and the southern is predominantly Christian. The Sudanese and South Sudanese society, culture and traditions are based on a very strong patriarchal structure, with limited freedom and rights for women. This thesis therefore aims to find out whether these social structures exist in Kakuma refugee camp and what impact they have on the Sudanese and South Sudanese refugee women’s sense of security. The main research question in this thesis is: How do Sudanese and South Sudanese refugee women perceive their security and support within their community in Kakuma refugee camp? The theoretical framework is based on the customary and Islamic law applied in Sudan and South Sudan, as well as on the proscribed gender roles of the Sudanese and South Sudanese society. The data collection for this thesis was based on key interviews and Focus Group Discussions conducted in Kakuma refugee camp by the researcher from February 25th until the 1st of March. They were conducted with the support of the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency’s (SIDA) Minor Field Study (MFS) Scholarship, Refugee Consortium of Kenya (which were the contact organization on sight in Kenya and Kakuma refugee camp), as well as with the supervision of Lisbeth Larsson Lidén in Sweden. Three Focus Group Discussions and eleven key interviews were conducted with women originating from tribes in Darfur, Equatoria and Dinka in Sudan and South Sudan.
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Brogden, Mette. "Refugee odysseys| An ethnography of refugee resettlement in the U.S. after 9-11." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10013600.
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By now scholars, practitioners, government officials and others in the global community have witnessed a number of countries and their populations going through extreme destruction and trying to rebuild in the aftermath. Country case studies are invaluable for their in-depth, continuous look at how a nation-state collective and the individuals who make up that collective recover, regroup, develop, but also remain very harmed for a long time. They must live among and beside their former enemies.
Studies of the resettlement of refugees in a third country offer a different view: there are varied populations arriving with different socio-cultural and economic histories and experiences, and different definitions of a normalcy to which they aspire. They are in a setting that is much different than what characterized their pre-war experiences, and they do not have to rebuild out of ashes in the place that they were born.
Refugees from various countries resettling in a third country have so much in common with each other from the experience of extreme violence and having to resettle in a foreign land that one key informant suggested that we think about a “refugee ethnicity.” Though they would not have wished for them, they have gained numerous new identification possibilities not available to those in the country of origin: U.S. citizen, hybrid, diaspora, cosmopolitan global citizen; refugee/former refugee survivors.
But the “fit” of these identities vary, because the receiving society may perceive individuals and families along a continuum of belonging vs. “othering.” In the post-9-11 era in the U.S., the “belonging” as a citizen and member of the imagined community of the nation that a refugee or former refugee is able to achieve may be precarious. Will refugees resettling turn out to be vectors of socio-political disease, infecting the new host? Or will they be vectors of development and agents of host revitalization as they realize adversity-activated development in a new environment?
The U.S. “host environment” has changed considerably since the modern era of resettlement began in the 1970s and then passed through the dramatic incidents of 9-11. The “hosts” have now also undergone an experience of extreme political violence. U.S. institutions are responding to the events and subsequent wars, and have themselves been changed as they adjust practices and policies in response to the trauma experienced by the people they are meant to serve.
Much is in play. The times beg for a better understanding of refugees’ social experiences of resettlement in a new country, the forms of suffering and marginalization they face, and the healing processes in which they engage. We need a far better understanding of what it takes to assist refugees as they work to re-constitute social networks, recover economically, find opportunity and meaning, pursue goals, and—with receiving communities--express solidarity across social dividing lines.
This dissertation calls out this problematic; and analyzes it at the multi-stakeholder site of refugee resettlement.
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Brogden, Mette. "Refugee Odysseys: An Ethnography of Refugee Resettlement in the U.S. After 9-11." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/600575.
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By now scholars, practitioners, government officials and others in the global community have witnessed a number of countries and their populations going through extreme destruction and trying to rebuild in the aftermath. Country case studies are invaluable for their in-depth, continuous look at how a nation-state collective and the individuals who make up that collective recover, regroup, develop, but also remain very harmed for a long time. They must live among and beside their former enemies. Studies of the resettlement of refugees in a third country offer a different view: there are varied populations arriving with different socio-cultural and economic histories and experiences, and different definitions of a normalcy to which they aspire. They are in a setting that is much different than what characterized their pre-war experiences, and they do not have to rebuild out of ashes in the place that they were born. Refugees from various countries resettling in a third country have so much in common with each other from the experience of extreme violence and having to resettle in a foreign land that one key informant suggested that we think about a "refugee ethnicity." Though they would not have wished for them, they have gained numerous new identification possibilities not available to those in the country of origin: U.S. citizen, hybrid, diaspora, cosmopolitan global citizen; refugee/former refugee survivors. But the "fit" of these identities vary, because the receiving society may perceive individuals and families along a continuum of belonging vs. "othering." In the post-9-11 era in the U.S., the "belonging" as a citizen and member of the imagined community of the nation that a refugee or former refugee is able to achieve may be precarious. Will refugees resettling turn out to be vectors of socio-political disease, infecting the new host? Or will they be vectors of development and agents of host revitalization as they realize adversity-activated development in a new environment? The U.S. "host environment" has changed considerably since the modern era of resettlement began in the 1970s and then passed through the dramatic incidents of 9-11. The "hosts" have now also undergone an experience of extreme political violence. U.S. institutions are responding to the events and subsequent wars, and have themselves been changed as they adjust practices and policies in response to the trauma experienced by the people they are meant to serve. Much is in play. The times beg for a better understanding of refugees' social experiences of resettlement in a new country, the forms of suffering and marginalization they face, and the healing processes in which they engage. We need a far better understanding of what it takes to assist refugees as they work to re-constitute social networks, recover economically, find opportunity and meaning, pursue goals, and - with receiving communities--express solidarity across social dividing lines. This dissertation calls out this problematic; and analyzes it at the multi-stakeholder site of refugee resettlement.
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Lambert, Karen Hunt. "Burmese Muslim Refugee Women: Stories of Civil War, Refugee Camps And New Americans." DigitalCommons@USU, 2011. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/1008.
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This thesis includes the narratives of three Burmese Muslim refugee mothers who made their homes in Logan, Utah, within three years of locating in the United States. Each woman’s life is written about in a different style of writing – journalism, ethnography and creative nonfiction –and is then followed by analysis looking at each piece in terms of representation
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Jacobsen, Malene H. "UNSETTLING REFUGE: SYRIAN REFUGEES’ ACCOUNT OF LIFE IN DENMARK." UKnowledge, 2019. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/geography_etds/62.
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This doctoral dissertation examines the lived experiences of refuge in Denmark from the perspectives of Syrian refugees. Situated within feminist political geography, it moves beyond examining geopolitics merely from the perspective of the law, the state, and policy makers. Instead, it seeks to grasp the ways in which geopolitics are encountered, experienced, and negotiated on the ground – by the people who are most affected by state policies and practices. It draws on more than ten months of ethnographic fieldwork in Denmark with Syrian refugees, including semi-structured interviews, focus groups, and participant observations, as well as interviews with state and non-state actors providing assistance to Syrian refugees in Jordan. This dissertation brings insights from feminist political geography into conversation with those from critical refugee studies, border studies, geographies of law, and postcolonial studies in order to unsettle core ideas and terms of reference surrounding what refuge is and how it is practiced.
This dissertation makes three distinct but closely related arguments. First, focusing on family reunification of refugees and how this form of protection became a target in the Danish state’s efforts to prevent refugee immigration, I argue that the geopolitics of refuge needs to be examined in a way that includes but also moves beyond the actual territorial border line as well as the legal border (i.e. the moment a person obtains protection and legal status). Second, through an examination of Syrian refugees’ everyday encounters with the Danish state, I draw attention to the disjunctures between idealized notions of refuge with its ostensible ‘humanitarian’ ethos and the practical articulations of refuge as manifested in the everyday lived experiences of refugees. This is what I term lived refuge. I argue, however, that the dissonances between idealized and actually existing refuge point to the persistent presence of governance within refuge, rather than a lack or an absence of ‘true’ humanitarianism - i.e. a promise of freedom, betterment, and prospect that did not fully materialize. Instead, the state practices, which refugees are subject to within refuge, are enabled and normalized through the asymmetrical relationships between the state and the refugee. Third, calling attention to how Syrian refugees experience, articulate and locate war, I trouble prevailing geographical imaginations of “Europe” and Denmark as spaces of peace, safety, and prosperity. Drawing on Syrians’ experiences of war, I argue that attending to everyday experiences of war in refuge prompts a re-articulation of where war is, what counts as war, and who decides.
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Rexhi, Rajmonda. "The Network of Social Boundaries in the Swedish ‘Refugee-crisis’ : Refugees as powerless and a threat." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för samhällsstudier (SS), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-54467.
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Russell, Elizabeth Anne. "Seeing the refugee: a vantage point from the middle ground." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/33847.
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The vast number of refugees in the world represents a very real, quantifiable, and troublesome "problem" for mainstream scholars of International Relations (IR). Mainstream IR is not able to address the problem of the refugee because of its emphasis on the state as a central actor and its inattention to justice in an international system.
This thesis argues that the approaches of the English School and normative theory might come together to create a "via media" or middle ground which better addresses the problem of the refugee in international relations than mainstream IR has to date. While both approaches have limitations, the concept of international society and order versus justice debate of the English School compliments the attention given by normative theory to state responsibility and justice concerns of normative theory. The English School and normative theory can work in tandem to provide a middle ground which can directly address the problem of the refugee. The two approaches together provide a better way to start the conversation concerning the refugee.
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Githembe, Purity Kanini. "African Refugee Parents' Involvement in Their Children's Schools: Barriers and Recommendations for Improvement." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2009. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc12128/.
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The purpose of this study was to examine involvement of African refugee parents in the education of their elementary school children. The setting of the study was Northern and Southern Texas. African refugee parents and their children's teachers completed written surveys and also participated in interviews. In the study's mixed-method design, quantitative measures provided data about parent involvement at home, parent involvement at school, frequency of parent-teacher contact, quality of parent-teacher relationship, parent endorsement of children's schools, and barriers to parent involvement. Qualitative data from the open-ended questions provided data on barriers and strategies to improve involvement. Sixty-one African refugee parents responded to the survey and also participated in an in-depth face-to-face or telephone interview. Twenty teacher participants responded to an online survey. Quantitative data gathered from the parent and teacher surveys were analyzed using frequency distributions and analyses of variance. Qualitative data were analyzed by summarizing and sorting information into different categories using Weft QDA, an open-source qualitative analysis software. From these data, I identified barriers to African refugee parent involvement in their children's schools, as well as challenges that teachers face as they try to involve African refugee parents. Results of analyses of variance revealed statistically significant differences in parent involvement between African refugee parents with limited English proficiency and those with high English proficiency. A key finding of the research was that, whereas the overall level of parent involvement for African refugee parents was low, a major barrier to involvement was language. Teachers and parents cited enrolment in English as a second language programs as the best strategy to enhance parent involvement of African refugees. Additionally, parents who reported higher education levels were more involved in their children's education both at home and at school. All groups of African refugee parents reported high endorsement of their children's school. Strategies suggested to improve involvement include the use of interpreters and parent education on importance of involvement.
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POL, CATALÀ NÚRIA. "Smart Cities Solutions for Refugee Camps : Communication systems review to improve the conditions of refugees." Thesis, KTH, Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-238672.
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A large number of refugees are forced to live in refugee camps which lack in both quality of life and infrastructure. Most of them are located in areas without mobile coverage. By contrast, Smart Cities aim to improve the life of its citizens, mainly helped by ICTs. Therefore, refugee camps can also take advantage of the ICTs to enhance the life of refugees. The present thesis aims to explore the needs and priorities of refugees, analyse the impact of smart city solutions implemented in refugee camps on the lives of refugees, and identify and analyse currently unused smart city solutions that could meet the needs of refugees in refugee camps and enhance the Sustainable Development Goals. The study is carried out through the literature review and interviews with professionals working in NGOs devoted to the refugee issues. The necessity and benefits of ICTs have been analysed and the most promising solutions in the different domains of the refugee camps have been selected and described, including IoT based solutions supported with low power WAN to collect data, and blockchain applications as new protocol for a database.Ett stort antal flyktingar tvingas bo i flyktingläger som saknar både livskvalitet och infrastruktur. De flesta av dem ligger i områden utan mobil täckning. Däremot syftar Smart Cities till att förbättra medborgarnas liv, främst med hjälp av IKT. Flyktingläger kan därför också dra nytta av IKT för att förbättra flyktingarnas liv. Nuvarande avhandling syftar till att undersöka flyktingarnas behov och prioriteringar, analysera effekten av smarta stadslösningar som genomförs i flyktingläger om flyktingarnas liv och identifiera och analysera nuvarande oanvända smarta stadslösningar som kan tillgodose flyktinglägernas behov och flyktingläger förbättra de hållbara utvecklingsmålen. Studien utförs genom litteraturöversikt och intervjuer med yrkesverksamma inom icke-statliga organisationer som ägnar sig åt flyktingfrågorna. Nödvändigheten och fördelarna med IKT har analyserats och de mest lovande lösningarna på flyktinglägernas olika domäner har blivit utvalda och beskrivna, inklusive IoT-baserade lösningar som stöds med låg effekt WAN för att samla in data och blockchain applikationer som nytt protokoll för en databas .
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Maslanik, Jeffrey D. "Refugees Welcome: a Multilevel Analysis of Refugee Labor Market Integration in the Swedish Welfare State." FIU Digital Commons, 2017. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3555.
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To explore the complexities of refugee labor market integration in Sweden, the research performed a multi-level analysis of refugee labor market integration: from the perspective of civil society (meso-level) and from that of the refugee (micro-level). Sweden was ideal for this task because historically, it has been Europe’s most generous welfare state and during the height of the crisis, received the highest number of refugees of any European Member State (163,000 or 1,600 per 100,000 people).
The research was guided by two primary research questions: First, how have the roles of the state and civil society adjusted over time in relation to the process of integrating refugees, especially since the founding of the first integration policy in 1975? Second, how are resources actually provided by each element of society, and accessed by the refugees themselves? Analytically, the research first performed a historical institutional breakdown, separating Sweden’s integration policy by sociopolitical and economically significant junctures: 1970-1990, 1990-2010, and 2010-present day. Subsequently, seventy first-person, semi-structured interviews were conducted with political-elites, civil society representatives, and refugees from different sending countries, who arrived no earlier than 2000. The findings suggest that while civil society is becoming more systematic in its operations, its utility remains under-utilized. Next, meeting human capital requirements (e.g., country specific and post-secondary education and training) does not guarantee employment. Instead, given the alteration of its labor market, it seems social capital may play a more significant role in determining employment outcomes for refugees. In other words, it seems difficulties in accessing employment for refugees are more attached to institutional constraints than they are human capital itself. Finally, given the visible segregation and low refugee labor market participation, the research supports the assumption that a highly accessible and comprehensive welfare state may not be the most efficient socioeconomic orientation for integrating refugees.
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Fritz, Christian L. "Refugee and Employer Perceptions of the Effects of Capital on Refugee Employability in Utah." DigitalCommons@USU, 2016. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/5061.
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Refugees are once again a major topic of international politics, but one that also reaches down to the local level of even some small, rural American towns. This study pulled data from a qualitative, statewide refugee needs assessment in Utah, funded by the Department of Workforce Services, in order to explore the perceptions of both refugees and refugee employers concerning the variables affecting refugee employability. The data was framed using the concepts of social, cultural, human, and financial capital. In many cases, the refugees and employers perceived the same deficits and stores of capital as important, but there was some disconnect over institutionalized cultural capital, financial capital in the form of government assistance, and external embodied cultural capital. These findings will help increase the sociological knowledge base regarding refugee issues and will lead to future research that can dive deeper into some of the issues that were uncovered.
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Ezra, Esther. "European Integration and Refugee Protection." Diss., lmu, 2004. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-26805.
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Salgado, Martinez Teofilo de Jesus. "Canadian refugee policy : asserting control." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=83148.
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This thesis considers the apparent shift in Canadian refugee policy between the more liberal refugee programs of the 1980s to the more restrictive contemporary orientation. We provide an explanation for the nature and content of policy pronouncements made in the period following the events of September 11, 2001. In order to put contemporary policy in context, we begin our investigation post-World War II when Canada first entered the international arena as a fully independent state. What follows is an examination of why the Canadian government has preferred its choice of refugee policies, and a consideration of forces and institutions that have shaped policy in the postwar period. At the same time, we reflect on the tension between Canada's refugee policy choices and its stated commitment to humanitarian values and international agreements.
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Trinh, Jenny, and Eric Wieselblad. "Energy Supply in Refugee Camps." Thesis, KTH, Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-230656.
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The global population of forcibly displaced people has increased during the last years, due to persecution, conflict, violence, or human rights violations. Since 1997 the number of forcibly displaced people increased from 33.9 million people to 65.6 million at the end of 2016, amongst which 22.5 million are refugees living in refugee camps around the world. These camps are usually hastily built shelters with the main objective to provide immediate protection and safety, therefore these camps rarely have power supply that can satisfy more than the basic, essential needs. However, the average length of time during which a refugee spends in exile is approximately 20 years and in order sustain shelters for such a long time, there is also a need to satisfy the long-term energy demands. The purpose of this thesis is to chart the energy-related problems in refugee camps and to evaluate potential energy supply solutions with respect to given indicators, with a setting in Central- and Eastern Africa. The given indicators are availability, scalability, adoptability, environmental impact and cost. The different energy solutions that are chosen for evaluation are fuel generators, solar power, biogas, wind power and fuel cell. A literature study is conducted with the limitation to mainly examine camps between the equator and southern Europe and where the assumption of every refugee camp having approximately the same problems is made. The literature study of different refugee camps revealed that most energy-related problems could be derived from insufficient energy supply, which results in problems with cooking and lack of lighting. The available energy resources in refugee camps are mainly firewood or charcoal, that emits hazardous gases during combustion. The collection of firewood as well as the lack of lighting also puts people, mainly women and children, at safety risks. Furthermore, the lack of decent lighting also reduces the amount of productive hours. To solve the problems, the evaluation of the chosen energy solutions could work as a foundation for projects on implementing energy systems in a refugee camp setting. The evaluation provides an overview of how the energy solutions works in relation to the given indicators and thus their ability to provide energy in an economic, social and environmental manner. Furthermore, the results from this thesis have been compiled into a project manual, with summarizing tables of each energy solution in regards to the indicators. Every refugee camp has their own needs and conditions that has to be met in order to provide sufficient energy solutions, which makes it difficult to fully assess the evaluated energy solutions. Therefore, there is a need for further work that would include a case study. By conducting a case study, the needs and conditions for the chosen refugee camp can be taken into consideration, thus resulting in a solution that could better meet the demand. In most cases, the energy related problems in refugee camps are not one solution issues but could rather be solved by combining different methods of energy access. The evaluated energy solutions could therefore be combined to meet the demands of refugee camps.Antalet människor som är på flykt i världen har ökat under de senaste åren på grund av förföljelse, konflikt, våld eller kränkningar av mänskliga rättigheter. Sedan 1997 har antalet människor på flykt ökat från 33,9 miljoner till 65,6 miljoner i slutet av 2016, varav 22,5 miljoner är flyktingar som lever i flyktingläger runt om i världen. Flyktingläger är ofta konstruerade under nödsituationer, där det främsta syftet är att ge omedelbart skydd och säkerhet. Syftet med flyktinglägren är därmed att agera som ett tillfälligt skydd, vilket innebär att de sällan är utrustade med strömförsörjning som kan tillgodose mer än de mest grundläggande och nödvändiga behoven. Trots att lägren är konstruerade som tillfälliga lösningar, tillbringar en flykting i genomsnitt 20 år i exil. För att kunna hålla goda levnadsförhållanden under en sådan lång tid i ett flyktingläger, finns ett behov av att tillgodose lägren med långsiktiga, hållbara energilösningar. Syftet med kandidatexamensarbetet är att kartlägga energirelaterade problem i flyktingläger och att utvärdera potentiella lösningar för energiförsörjning med avseende på givna indikatorer, med fokus på Central- och Östafrika. De angivna indikatorerna är tillgänglighet, skalbarhet, acceptans, miljöpåverkan och kostnad. De olika energilösningarna som utvärderas är bränslegeneratorer, solkraft, biogas, vindkraft och bränsleceller. En litteraturstudie genomförs med den huvudsakliga begränsningen att granska läger mellan ekvatorn och södra Europa och där ett antagande om att varje flyktingläger står inför liknande problem görs. Kartläggningen av energirelaterade problem i flyktingläger visar att de flesta problem kan kopplas till en otillräcklig energiförsörjning, vilket i sin tur resulterar i problem med matlagning samt brist på belysningsmöjligheter. De tillgängliga energiresurserna är huvudsakligen ved eller kol, som vid förbränning avger hälsofarliga gaser. Insamling av ved samt brist på belysning utsätter även invånarna, främst kvinnor och barn, för säkerhetsrisker. Bristen på ordentlig belysning reducerar även antalet produktiva timmar för människorna i ett flyktingläger. För att kunna bidra med en lösning till problemen kan den utförda utvärderingen av de valda energilösningarna användas som en grund för andra projekt, som ämnar att implementera energisystem i flyktingläger. Utvärderingen ger en översikt av hur energilösningarna fungerar i förhållande till de givna indikatorerna och därmed deras förmåga att tillhandahålla energi på ett ekonomiskt, socialt och miljömässigt sätt. Resultaten från kandidatexamensarbetet har även sammanställts i en projektmanual, med en sammanställning för varje energilösning med avseende på indikatorerna. Varje flyktingläger har dock unika behov och förutsättningar som måste tillgodoses för att tillhandahålla tillfredställande energilösningar, vilket försvårar en fullständig bedömning av de utvärderade energilösningarna. Det finns därför ett behov av ytterligare undersökning innefattande en fallstudie som kan ta hänsyn till de behov och förutsättningar som kan finnas. Slutligen kräver de energirelaterade problemen i ett flyktingläger oftast en kombination av olika energilösningar, eftersom att en sådan bättre kan möta ett flyktinglägers energibehov.
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Whitehead, Shelley. "French for refugee service providers." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13931.
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This dissertation entitled French for Refugee Service Providers, aims to provide a curriculum for teaching French as a Foreign Language to those working with French-speaking refugees in South Africa. Firstly, the context of the project is thoroughly discussed, which substantiates the importance of language for the integration of refugees into the host country. Specific attention is given to the South African situation. This study then provides a review of the literature outlining the most pertinent issues with regards to the domain of teaching French as a Foreign Language (TFFL) and French for Specific Purposes (FSP). Finally, the process as well as the results of a needs analysis conducted amongst a sample of people working with refugees in Durban, South Africa are presented in detail. Based on these results, a curriculum for teaching French to refugee service providers is suggested, together with examples of three lesson plans and two evaluation activities.
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Kurz, Joshua J. "The Figure of the Refugee." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1397230693.
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Raimondi, Federica <1988>. "Precarious Refugee Protection in Egypt." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/6985.
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This research aims at analyzing the factors that limit refugees’ rights in Egypt. It first outlines the perception of the refugee issue in the Arab and Islamic world and it describes Egypt’s approach to the Conventions to which it adhered along the years.
It also gives an in-depth overview of the conditions of the different refugee communities in Egypt, their daily challenges in urban areas and the services provided to them by the government, international humanitarian actors and local NGOs.
The core of the research explores the conditions of Syrian refugees in Egypt and the reasons why they found themselves in a situation of heightened vulnerability. They have been caught in the middle of leadership transitions and were used by the authorities as political pawns in order to gain popular consensus and reinforce identities.
Assuming that what happened to the Syrians is not an exception, this work analyzes other cases where asylum-seekers have seen their rights denied in Egypt. Sudanese have been subject to sudden change in policies because of the diplomatic relations between the two countries; Iraqi refugees have been treated as a security concern and Egypt de facto closed its doors on them; Ethiopians have been subject to a heavy discriminatory campaign for political and economic reasons and Palestinians have been literally privileged or mistreated according to the political agenda of the different rulers during the whole of the XXth century.
However, Egypt is still a country in development, a condition that significantly undermines its capacity to receive refugees. The fifth chapter highlights the reasons why Egypt is a country that cannot, and sometimes does not want to, ensure protection of forced displaced.