Academic literature on the topic 'Refugee children – Government policy – Australia'
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Journal articles on the topic "Refugee children – Government policy – Australia"
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Amarasena, Lahiru, Karen Zwi, Nan Hu, Raghu Lingam, and Shanti Raman. "Changing landscape of paediatric refugee health in South Western Sydney, Australia: a retrospective observational study." BMJ Open 13, no. 10 (October 2023): e064497. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-064497.
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ObjectivesTo examine the changing health needs of refugee children and young people (CYP) entering Australia, in relation to key government policy changes.Study designRetrospective analysis of health service use data over 11 years.SettingPaediatric refugee clinics in South Western Sydney (SWS), the Australian region with the largest annual resettlement of refugees.ParticipantsRefugee CYP (≤25 years) attending the SWS paediatric refugee clinics for their first visit between 2009 and 2019.MeasuresClinician defined health conditions categorised as communicable and non-communicable disease (NCD).ResultsData were analysed for 359 CYP, mean age 9.3 years; 212 male (59.1%). Most CYP (n=331, 92.2%) had health problems identified; 292 (81.3%) had ≥1 NCD and 24 (6.7%) had ≥1 communicable disease. The most frequent individual NCDs were dental disease (n=128, 35.7%) and vitamin D deficiency (n=72, 20.1%). Trend analysis showed increased odds of identifying an NCD from 2013 onwards (crude OR 1.77, 95% CI 1.06 to 2.96). Neurodevelopmental problems, especially Global Developmental Delay (n=31, 8.6%), emerged as more prevalent issues in the latter half of the decade. There were significantly increased odds of identifying a neurodevelopmental problem in 2016–2019, especially in 2016–2017 (adjusted OR 2.93, 95% CI 1.34 to 6.40). Key policy changes during this period included acceptance of refugees with disabilities from 2012, additional Australian Humanitarian Programme intake from the Eastern Mediterranean region and mandatory offshore processing for those seeking asylum by boat from 2013. In response to the changing needs, local health services adopted nurse-led primary healthcare screening, early childhood services, youth and disability clinics.ConclusionsRefugee CYP in Australia are presenting with a growing burden of NCDs, with neurodevelopmental problems contributing. Government policy changes affect the sociodemographics of resettled populations, influencing health profiles. Paediatric refugee health services need to be responsive to the changing needs of these populations to optimise well-being.
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Truskewycz, Hayley, Ruth Jeanes, and Justen O’Connor. "Sport policy and the integration of refugee backgrounded women." Current Issues in Sport Science (CISS) 9, no. 2 (February 6, 2024): 078. http://dx.doi.org/10.36950/2024.2ciss078.
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Introduction
Sport is regularly used as a policy-led tool to facilitate outcomes aligned with resettlement and integration of refugees. However, the understanding of the role of sport in the resettlement of refugees is limited by a narrow focus on policy-led integration outcomes and player participation (Nunn et al., 2021). Moreover, refugee men prevail as the dominant participants, in not only sporting programs, but also within the research that informs the sport resettlement agenda (Ekholm et al., 2019). Therefore, the participation of refugee women in sport policy and programming is largely understood through refugee men's experiences, where the role of sport in resettlement and the daily lives of refugee women is less well understood. This research, guided by postcolonial feminism, examined how sport is deployed as a resettlement and integration policy tool for refugee backgrounded women living in Melbourne, Australia, and aimed to determine the relevance of sport in the lives of refugee backgrounded women.
Methods
Bacchi (2009) framework for policy analysis examined three government sport policies texts that represented refugee integration as a ‘problem’ to be managed through sport. Interviews with policy actors and sport program providers investigated practices and discourses underpinning refugee women’s inclusion in sport programming. Ethnographic fieldwork conducted over a 12-month period with a culturally diverse community football club, explored the role of sport in the lives of refugee backgrounded mothers and their children. Data was analysed using critical discourse analysis and thematic analysis.
Results
Factors at policy level, i.e. the tokenistic presence of women and girls in policy texts, and programming level, i.e. their inclusion into male dominated spaces shaped by neoliberal agendas, continue to resist refugee women’s participation in mainstream sport. Refugee women’s secondary presence in policy and programming was reinforced by temporary, sporadic and competitive funding opportunities that were heavily reliant on participation numbers and hegemonic masculinity, preserving the privilege of the status-quo. Integration in the policy texts was understood as belonging to the dominant Anglo-Australian culture, but belonging was contested, and the refugee mothers in this study understood belonging as being to their own cultures. Their sporting club was a space of belonging, stress relief, social connection, agency and cultural maintenance. The sport club was an important part of their lives as individuals, and was an important aspect of parenting and motherhood.
Discussion/Conclusion
Our study indicates that policy level and policy actors that promote the inclusion and integration of refugees through sport regularly marginalise refugee women and place them as tokenistic participants. Our findings suggest that ethno-specific, community driven sporting spaces are not oppositional, but play a complementary role in policy-led integration agendas. Sport can play an important role in resettlement among refugee backgrounded mothers and their families, where it offers a stable foundation from which other outcomes and benefits are able to facilitated. If sport has the capacity to facilitate positive social outcomes in line with settlement and integration, then greater efforts must be made to ensure women and girls are included and represented in the sport rhetoric (Ekholm et al., 2019).
References
Bacchi, C. (2009). Analysing Policy: What’s the problem represented to be? Pearson.
Ekholm, D., Dahlstedt, M., & Rönnbäck, J. (2019). Problematizing the absent girl: Sport as a means of emancipation and social inclusion. Sport in Society, 22(6), 1043-1061. https://doi.org/10.1080/17430437.2018.1505870
Nunn, C., Spaaij, R., & Luguetti, C. (2021). Beyond integration: Football as a mobile, transnational sphere of belonging for refugee-background young people. Leisure Studies, 41(1), 42-55. https://doi.org/10.1080/02614367.2021.1962393
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Agutter, Karen. "Fated to be Orphans: The Consequences of Australia's Post-War Resettlement Policy on Refugee Children." Children Australia 41, no. 3 (July 15, 2016): 224–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cha.2016.15.
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Between 1947 and 1953, Australia received over 170,000 Displaced People from Europe including widows and unmarried mothers. These refugees were expected to conform to the policies and expectations of the State, in particular the adherence to a 2-year work contract. This was an impossibility for many mothers who could not find work or accommodation outside of the government supplied migrant accommodation centres, and who, as a consequence, resorted to placing their children, either temporarily or permanently, in institutions or for adoption. Through an examination of archival documents, this paper examines the policies that resulted in migrant child placement and adoption and considers the role played by Department of Immigration social workers. It asks why, when migrant children were considered amongst the most desirable of new arrivals, were many fated to become orphans?
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Slattery, Kate. "Drowning Not Waving: The ‘Children Overboard’ Event and Australia's Fear of the other." Media International Australia 109, no. 1 (November 2003): 93–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x0310900110.
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The last few years have been an awakening time for the people, communities and governments of the global village. Escalating problems in the Middle East, global economic uncertainty and an increase in asylum seekers, refugees and migration worldwide have reignited tensions involving boundaries and borders, both geographical and cognitive. One event which highlighted these tensions in Australia, and which was given much media coverage, was the ‘children overboard’ event in October 2001. Utilising a selection of print news coverage of the event, this paper explores how the ‘children overboard’ event demarcated national identities and spaces through the construction and representation of ‘good’ Australian citizens and ‘bad’ asylum seeker ‘others’. Specifically referring to ‘children overboard’ as an ‘event’, I seek to highlight the constructed and representational nature of ‘children overboard’ as a media story and political tool, one which promoted a continuing threat of ‘others’ to the nation in order to gain support for government policy and legitimize national security, and in so doing creating a model of Australian citizenship and identity based upon fear.
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Gow, Johanne, and Mary Quilty. "At the Coalface: Advocacy in the dark: Seeking justice for asylum seekers." Pacific Journalism Review : Te Koakoa 10, no. 1 (April 1, 2004): 46–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v10i1.778.
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Two members of the Australian refugee support NGO 'ChilOut' detail the lack of public access to Immigration Detention Centres (IDCs), to the detainees within them and to the policies and procedures governing such centres. ChilOut organises visits to IDCs so ordinary Autralians can know and befriend detainees. However, stringent and sometimes arbitary control of IDC visitors mean their vists cannot ensure transparency. More formal written attempts to establish accountability such as ChilOut's submission to the Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Comission (HREOC) inquiry into children in detention and ChilOut's report in contractual compliance within IDCs have been dismissed or refuted by the Australian Government. Unaccountability also arises from confidentiality clauses in the 1998 contract betwen the Government and ACM (the private company which ran IDCs), the Government's shielding of ACM from adverse publicity, contractual incentives to cover up negative incidences, and 'commercial-in-confidence' deletions from publicly available versions of the contract. This articles argues that the lack of access to dentention centres reaches its zenith on Nauru offering further proof that Australia's current refugee policy is deliberately structured to hinder transparency and accountability.
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Steyne, Simon. "Has Anti-Migration and Anti-Refugee Discourse Hampered Progress against Child Labour?" Revista Tecnológica - ESPOL 34, no. 1 (March 15, 2022): 113–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.37815/rte.v34n1.856.
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The chequered application, since 2000, of integrated policies to eradicate the intersectional root causes of child labour sits more recently in a wider political context of recrudescent populist ethnonationalism accompanied by weakened respect by the governments of many countries for the rules-based international system and rights-based development. The author suggests that (apart from Northern-centric trade and policy interests) influential populist-nationalist governments (including those of the United Kingdom (linked to Brexit), and Australia (linked to the “Bali Process”) have contributed to diverting global attention from the largest cohort intended to benefit from Sustainable Development Goal Target 8.7 - the 160 million children now in child labour - by conflating forced labour with trafficking and trafficking with migration and asylum. This conflation seeks to demonise asylum-seekers, refugees, and economic migrants. It is an important element of the discourse of populist-nationalist ruling parties in their search for continued electoral support and reflects a willingness to violate international law protecting human rights.
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Silove, Derrick, and Sarah Mares. "The mental health of asylum seekers in Australia and the role of psychiatrists." BJPsych International 15, no. 3 (July 17, 2018): 65–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bji.2018.11.
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There are more displaced people around the world than ever before, and over half are children. Australia and other wealthy nations have implemented increasingly harsh policies, justified as ‘humane deterrence’, and aimed at preventing asylum seekers (persons without preestablished resettlement visas) from entering their borders and gaining protection. Australian psychiatrists and other health professionals have documented the impact of these harsh policies since their inception. Their experience in identifying and challenging the effects of these policies on the mental health of asylum seekers may prove instructive to others facing similar issues. In outlining the Australian experience, we draw selectively on personal experience, research, witness account issues, reports by human rights organisations, clinical observations and commentaries. Australia’s harsh response to asylum seekers, including indefinite mandatory detention and denial of permanent protection for those found to be refugees, starkly demonstrates the ineluctable intersection of mental health, human rights, ethics and social policy, a complexity that the profession is uniquely positioned to understand and hence reflect back to government and the wider society.
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Hodgins, Michael, Katarina Ostojic, Si Wang, Kim Lyle, Kenny Lawson, Tania Rimes, and Sue Woolfenden. "An orientation model for implementing and sustaining integrated health and social care hubs for early childhood development." International Journal of Integrated Care 23, S1 (December 28, 2023): 517. http://dx.doi.org/10.5334/ijic.icic23536.
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Evidence is emerging on the efficacy of Integrated Health and Social Care (IHSC) hubs to improve the early detection and intervention of developmental vulnerability in children from culturally and linguistically diverse and/or socioeconomically disadvantaged backgrounds. IHSC hub models typically involve co-located child and family health services and non-government organisations, which deliver a range of psychosocial services, for example playgroups, domestic violence support, mental health support, early childhood education. However, there remains a dearth of evidence on how to successfully implement and sustain the integration of health and social care. Our project aimed to evaluate the impact and implementation of IHSC hubs for migrant and refugee populations in three sites in New South Wales, Australia with high proportions of migrant and refugee communities. To help implement and sustain IHSC hubs, we developed an orientation model detailing the operational principles required for successful integration of IHSC hubs. This presentation is based on a qualitative exploration of the barriers and enablers to implementing IHSC hubs in three sites in New South Wales, Australia guided by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research. Development of the orientation model involved semi-structured interviews and five workshops with 25 participants including clinicians, providers, and managers from child and family health services and non—government social services to understand their perspectives on the barriers and facilitators to implementing an IHSC hub. Important findings from this work included the need for tangible guidelines that detail the activities that best enable the successful integration of services within a hub model. Our orientation model details the operational principles of integrating health and social services for early childhood health. These include the setting up phase activities of buy-in which details approaches for developing a common agenda and partnership development, which outlines mechanisms for fostering collaboration between health and social services. Following this, our orientation model articulates the need to establish connecting support, including infrastructure governance and resources that support integration between services; ongoing integration activities such as the feedback mechanisms and ongoing communication channels necessary for successful integration; and activities that enhance a hubs relevance for the community it services. This model establishes key components for implementing IHSC hubs, which are garnering increasing attention in early childhood contexts globally. Future work will involve disseminating the orientation model broadly across child and family health and social services and evaluating the uptake of the model in broader contexts.
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Arop, Arop Deng Kuol. "Public Basic Schools in Southern Sudan and the Sultanate of Oman (Comparative Study)." Journal of Education and Practice 7, no. 3 (June 7, 2023): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.47941/jep.1300.
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Purpose: This study aims to compare the status of public basic schools in South Sudan and that of the Sultanate of Oman (one of the Gulf countries).
Methodology: A search of the relevant literature was incorporated into the work technique. The research was carried out with consideration given to previous theoretical literature, both that which had been published and that which had not. This study focuses on conducting a literature review examining prior research on why South Sudan is left behind. At the same time, other backward countries succeed in narrowing the gap between them and the second-world countries.
Findings: The findings revealed three categories of primary schools in South Sudan. Category 1 is primary schools for children whose fathers have looted, corrupted, or stolen public treasure through illegal activities and smuggled government money to Uganda, Kenya, Australia, Europe, the U.S.A or Canada after Comprehensive Peace Agreement (C.P.A) in 2005. These children received a good education in the diaspora. They do not come home until they finish their studies and receive good jobs as stakeholders in government ministries or organizations, and they are primarily paid in hard currency. This category is excluded from our study. Category 2 is primary schools for children who left the country with their parents before or after independence and live in refugee camps in Uganda, Kenya or Egypt. They also receive a good education and enjoy free food in their centres. This category is also excluded from our research. Category 3 is primary schools for children whose parents are displaced inside the country or citizens with nowhere to go. Their children receive poor education in government primary schools and free food from organizations or World Food Program (W.F.P). However, these organizations turned South Sudan to be free nutritional zone. This primary school category is included in our study and is our concern. But in the Sultanate of Oman, the government has an evident vision and willingness to reform and develop the educational sector in the country, and a good potion is given to the development of education in the annual national budget.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Policy, and Practice: By conducting the comparative study, it seeks to improve educational circumstances and address flaws in the system. The research will provide insights to the government, donors, and international organizations, prompting support and funding to develop an organized and planned educational system in South Sudan. Ultimately, this study aims to bridge the academic gap and pave the way for positive changes in the country's schooling system.
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Billings, Peter. "Irregular Maritime Migration and the Pacific Solution Mark II: Back to the Future for Refugee Law and Policy in Australia?" International Journal on Minority and Group Rights 20, no. 2 (2013): 279–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718115-02002007.
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Following a rise in the number of irregular maritime arrivals seeking refugee protection in Australia, and two successful legal challenges to their refugee processing policies, the Labor Government has resuscitated notorious aspects of the ‘Pacific Solution’ as part of a ‘no advantage’ policy. This strategy seeks to deter ‘irregular’ asylum seekers by treating them no more favourably than refugees seeking protection from overseas awaiting entry to Australia through regular refugee/humanitarian channels. In furtherance of this ‘no advantage’ policy, extra-territorial processing on Nauru and Papua New Guinea has been re-introduced and ‘excision’ provisions are to be extended to mainland Australia placing the continent outside of its ‘migration zone’ and, therefore, asylum seekers beyond the regular laws and processes for protection seekers. This article analyses the seismic shifts in asylum seeker policy that have occurred in Australia over the recent past and the politics underpinning them.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Refugee children – Government policy – Australia"
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McMaster, Don. "Detention, deterrence, discrimination : Australian refugee policy /." Title page, abstract and contents only, 1999. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phm167.pdf.
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Winter, Satine Hyacinth. "Navigating the battleground: autism policy and human rights for children with autism spectrum disorders in Australia." Thesis, Griffith University, 2017. https://doi.org/10.25904/1912/3455.
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The purpose of this study was to explore the Helping Children With Autism (HCWA) package, which is a public website on Australian autism policy with a particular consideration of how the HCWA package positioned parents when they engaged with this federal government initiative. The study also aimed to examine how and to what extent the HCWA package aligned with international human rights standards using the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. This study was underpinned by a theoretical framework that combined the sociology of Zygmunt Bauman and the models of disability (charity, medical, social, human rights) with human rights.
The nature and complexity of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) presents challenges to parents raising their child with ASD, which often results in uncertainty about their rights and responsibilities alongside those of the government, and State. In 2008 the Australian Government attempted to solve the policy problem of autism and implemented the HCWA package in response to parents’ pleas for help in raising their child with ASD (Palm Consulting Group, 2005, June 20). The HCWA package was the first autism specific policy in Australia and aimed to provide funding, support, and services for children with ASD and their families (Minister for Families Community Services and Indigenous Affairs, 2007). The HCWA package is currently being superseded by the rollout of the National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS) across Australia and hence the opportunity to benefit from a close exploration of the HCWA may contribute to this process.
Limited research evaluating the effectiveness of the HCWA package has been conducted. No study has evaluated the parent perspective on the HCWA initiative as a policy and there were insufficient studies of parents’ reactions to the HCWA package (Prior, Roberts, Rodger, & Williams, 2011; Wicks & O'Reilly, 2013; K. D. Wilson, 2013; K. D. Wilson & Watson, 2011). Moreover, there is limited research on disability policy compliance with human rights standards, especially in Australia. Research on the HCWA package is important because it has the potential to identify areas of strength and weakness from a consumer and human rights perspective and helps inform future government policies and initiatives such as the NDIS and to improve the quality of life for children with ASD.
A qualitative approach of Multimodal Critical Discourse Analysis (MCDA) was used to examine the HCWA package across three landing pages from two government departments: FaHCSIA and DEEWR. In 2013 data were selected from the HCWA package over several months during the implementation of the HCWA package across Australia. The researcher, as a parent of a child with ASD, selected and analysed the data to explore how the HCWA package positioned parents when they engaged with this federal government initiative. Kress and van Leeuwen’s (2006) grammar of visual design provided a framework to analyse online web content using the researcher as viewer of the policy. The e-government autism policy was further analysed in terms of web accessibility and compliance with regulatory guidelines for federal government department websites.
The findings from this study reveal that the Australian Government positioned parents of children with ASD as consumers of the product of autism policy, in this case the HCWA package. This positioning was framed within a discourse of charity and medical models of disability that viewed autism as a problem of the individual and provided charity through funding, supports, and services (e.g. medical and education professionals). The charity and medical models of disability were entwined within a broader discourse of power where the Australian Government had power, position, and authority as experts over parents of children with ASD. This unequal distribution of power added to the tensions within the autism community and the cycle of blame between parents and professionals.
Good parenting - as it was constituted by the HCWA package - involved being informed and educated and willing to follow the advice of the Australian Government. Good parents furthermore complied with traditional western gender roles where women were viewed as the primary caregivers and nurturers of children with ASD, particularly in the early years. The Australian Government also positioned parents as neoliberal citizens who were responsible for the success of raising their child with ASD and the outcomes of that child in life and within society. Lastly, the study found that the HCWA package did not align with all general principles of Article 3, Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and was thus regarded as indicative of a violation of human rights for children with ASD in Australia.
Based on these findings, the study presents recommendations concerning the parent-as-consumer role in autism policy in meeting the best interests and needs of children with ASD and their families, which also have relevance to the current transition to the NDIS in Australia. An eight-step model is proposed to improve parent information and health literacy on ASD, which is important for improving parent decision-making for their child with ASD. In particular, a newly framed human rights model of disability is recommended as a means of moving forward from the social model of disability in critical disability studies and for advancing the rights of children with ASD in theory and in practice.
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Winter, Satine Hyacinth. "Navigating the Battleground: Autism Policy and Human Rights for Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders in Australia." Thesis, Griffith University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367806.
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The purpose of this study was to explore the Helping Children With Autism (HCWA) package, which is a public website on Australian autism policy with a particular consideration of how the HCWA package positioned parents when they engaged with this federal government initiative. The study also aimed to examine how and to what extent the HCWA package aligned with international human rights standards using the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. This study was underpinned by a theoretical framework that combined the sociology of Zygmunt Bauman and the models of disability (charity, medical, social, human rights) with human rights.
The nature and complexity of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) presents challenges to parents raising their child with ASD, which often results in uncertainty about their rights and responsibilities alongside those of the government, and State. In 2008 the Australian Government attempted to solve the policy problem of autism and implemented the HCWA package in response to parents’ pleas for help in raising their child with ASD (Palm Consulting Group, 2005, June 20). The HCWA package was the first autism specific policy in Australia and aimed to provide funding, support, and services for children with ASD and their families (Minister for Families Community Services and Indigenous Affairs, 2007).Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Education and Professional Studies
Arts, Education and Law
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Luker, Trish, and LukerT@law anu edu au. "THE RHETORIC OF RECONCILIATION: EVIDENCE AND JUDICIAL SUBJECTIVITY IN CUBILLO v COMMONWEALTH." La Trobe University. School of Law, 2006. http://www.lib.latrobe.edu.au./thesis/public/adt-LTU20080305.105209.
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In August 2000, Justice O�Loughlin of the Federal Court of Australia handed down the decision in Cubillo v Commonwealth in which Lorna Cubillo and Peter Gunner took action against the Commonwealth Government, arguing that it was vicariously liable for their removal from their families and communities as children and subsequent detentions in the Northern Territory during the 1940s and 1950s. The case is the landmark decision in relation to legal action taken by members of the Stolen Generations.
Using the decision in Cubillo as a key site of contestation, my thesis provides a critique of legal positivism as the dominant jurisprudential discourse operating within the Anglo-Australian legal system. I argue that the function of legal positivism as the principal paradigm and source of authority for the decision serves to ensure that the debate concerning reconciliation in Australia operates rhetorically to maintain whiteness at the centre of political and discursive power. Specifically concerned with the performative function of legal discourse, the thesis is an interrogation of the interface of law and language, of rhetoric, and the semiotics of legal discourse.
The dominant theory of evidence law is a rationalist and empiricist epistemology in which oral testimony and documentary evidence are regarded as mediating the relationship between proof and truth. I argue that by attributing primacy to principles of rationality, objectivity and narrative coherence, and by privileging that which is visually represented, the decision serves an ideological purpose which diminishes the significance of race in the construction of knowledge.
Legal positivism identifies the knowing subject and the object of knowledge as discrete entities. However, I argue that in Cubillo, Justice O�Loughlin inscribes himself into the text of the judgment and in doing so, reveals the way in which textual and corporeal specificities undermine the pretence of objective judgment and therefore the source of judicial authority.
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McMaster, Don. "Detention, deterrence, discrimination : Australian refugee policy / Don McMaster." Thesis, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/19457.
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Bibliography: leaves 385-420.vi, 420 leaves ; 30 cm.
Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library.
An exploration of the Australian refugee detention policy, which argues that the resort to detention is discriminatory and founded in the fear of Australia's "significant other" - the Asian.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Politics, 1999
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Ratnasingham, Christine. "Australian quasi refugees and international refugee law : abetment or abdication?" Phd thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/149981.
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Difford, Crystal. "International refugee law in Europe and the temporary relocation scheme : on durable solutions for the refugee child during the refugee crisis." Diss., 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/23832.
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This study explores the international obligations of the European Union to the unaccompanied asylum-seeking and refugee child. In doing so, it involves an investigation into the concept and content of durable solutions for the refugee child. As such, it analyses the effect of the temporary European relocation scheme in the search for durable solutions. To that end, it engages a comprehensive explanation of the relevant refugee law, the law of the rights of the child and the European legislative framework governing the reception and protection of refugees. Cumulatively, an assessment is made as to the effectiveness of the durable solutions that currently exist. This study seeks to establish whether, in an attempt to relieve the pressure from the frontline member states by creating a system for effective integration, Europe encourages the development of a children’s rights perspective and ultimately, provides a path for the unaccompanied child’s development and self-fulfilment.Public, Constitutional and International Law
LL. M.
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Mathe, Memory. "Experiences, challenges and coping strategies of unaccompanied migrant children in South Africa : guidelines for Social Work." Thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/24560.
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The aim of this study was to investigate unaccompanied migrant children (UMC )experiences, challenges and coping strategies in South Africa as they navigate their lives with no parental care and protection in a foreign country. The continuous inflow of UMC remains a major challenge globally and more so in South Africa. The inflow resulted in unaccompanied migrant children facing adverse challenges such as exploitation, marginalisation, discrimination and violation of human rights. In response to this influx, the South African Government embarked on several
commendable initiatives, notwithstanding the national guidelines by the Department of Social Development, which unfortunately could not provide adequate guidance for social workers, on how to respond effectively to challenges facing UMC. The study was qualitative guided by exploratory, descriptive, and contextual designs. A sample was drawn using purposive sampling. Participants sampled for data collection were UMC and social workers tending them, from two shelters; one in the Limpopo and one in the Gauteng provinces, respectively.
Data was collected using semi-structured interviews and analysed using Tesch’s eight steps of data analysis in Creswell (2013). The findings confirmed that unaccompanied migrant children do not receive satisfactory services from social workers who are mandated by the Department of Social Development to look after all the vulnerable children in South Africa. In addition, the findings further confirmed the contradictions and misalignment of legal frameworks that make it difficult
for social workers to provide effective services to the UMC, thus exposing the latter to a
continued plethora of daily challenges. Despite the magnitude of challenges presented by the host country, it emerged that unaccompanied migrant children demonstrate a range of coping mechanisms to survive the challenges experienced within the borders of South Africa.
Prominent in the findings was the dissatisfaction of social workers regarding lack of clarity and inconsistencies in the current Social Development Guidelines on; Separated and Unaccompanied Children Outside their Country of Origin in South Africa. Based on these findings, recommendations are made for practice and additional guidelines were developed to enhance service delivery to the UMC.Social Work
D. Litt. et Phil. (Social Work)
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Cole, Christine A. "Stolen babies - broken hearts : forced adoption in Australia 1881-1987." Thesis, 2013. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/530719.
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A hidden history of government intervention into the lives of unwed, white mothers is beginning to emerge. Most Australians are unaware that thousands of white babies were forcibly taken under a policy of assimilation during the 20th Century. This research project has attempted to explain this phenomenon by contextualising it within an historical account of ‘child removalist’ polices that were imported into Australia with British settlement. It also makes a linkage between the British treatment of its destitute, unwed mothers under the Poor Laws, the forced removal of their children and Forced Adoption/white stolen children in 20th Century Australia. From the beginning of colonial history motherhood has been constructed by the structures of patriarchy and capitalism imported along with the rigid, hierarchal legal system of Britain, and the ideology that underpinned it. In the 1800s the babies of convict mothers were taken and placed in Orphan Asylums, whilst they were sent back to work. During the late 19th century unsupported, unwed mothers had their babies forcibly taken and fostered out to country areas in order to be separated from their ‘contaminating’ influence and that of their ‘pauper’ families. Hence the beginning of the child welfare system was grounded in child removal practices, not in supporting vulnerable families stay together. By the early 1900s, a population policy moulded by two forces: eugenics and pronatalism had emerged. It was directed by the Commonwealth and enacted by State institutions. Its particular focus was to populate Australia with ‘good white stock’: legitimately born white infants, who could be called upon to defend the Empire. White Australians were not considered a homogenous grouping, but a continuum that ranged between the ‘racially superior’ elite and ‘racially inferior’ ‘degenerates’. The latter category included white, unwed mothers and their infants. Illegitimacy was seen as a threat to ‘race improvement’, and presumed to be the root of racial decay. It was assumed that if children were removed and assimilated with white, married, employed couples, their tainted biology would be neutralised. It was also a measure to expand the white, middle and upper classes. A little known fact is that there was resistance to the forced removal/assimilation policy at a grass roots level and that the majority of white unmarried mothers kept their infants. Therefore this research project hypothesised that there were two discourses that regulated the lives of unwed mothers. Mothers who had their infants taken were exposed to an institutional discourse that was comprised of motherhood, medical and eugenic discourses, imported from the ‘mother country’ and the United States. They were articulated through maternal and infant welfare representatives and their practices which included Forced Adoption. At the same time a lay discourse that had co-existed for hundreds of years was also imported. This was expressed in the language, the practices and the support given to daughters and grandchildren by their kin and was a backlash against the autocratic State practice of forced removal. The discourse that framed the mother’s pregnancy and birth experience determined whether or not she kept her infant or had it taken for adoption. Both discourses were grounded in patriarchy as the mother who kept had the protection and support of her patriarchal structured family. The unsupported unwed mother stood outside the norms of what was considered right and proper by the social work and medical elite. Her pregnant body challenged the power structure on which patriarchy rests: control of the reproductive labour of women. The language used for the justification of forced removals has evolved over the centuries. The 18th century ‘pauper’ was ‘vicious’ and wanted to rid herself of her burden, the 19th century feebleminded mother was incapable of providing a ‘moral’ environment. The rise of Freudian based social casework theory that dominated social work in Australia (1940-1970s) labelled her as too ‘immature and neurotic’ to rear her ‘unwanted’ infant. It was considered to be in ‘its best interest’ to be removed and placed with a ‘normal family’ with a ‘real’ mother and father. Unsupported, unwed white mothers did not have the same maternal rights as their married counterparts. They did not have access to their rights of citizenship, which led to major violations of their human and civil rights. The most brutal, being separated from their newborns at birth.
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Felton, Rhea. "Exploring children’s perspectives of well-being and safety." Thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.7/uws:56633.
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The concepts of well-being and safety are grounded in social policy and political frameworks influencing how children experience and ascribe meaning in their lives. Contemporary knowledge in the field of children’s well-being and safety largely extends from an adult-centric perspective. From this stance, emphasis focuses on understanding children’s well-being and safety from developmental outcomes. More recent research however identifies well-being and safety by the lived experiences and feelings expressed directly by children. Although these studies have highlighted the importance of safety to a child’s overall sense of well-being, children’s direct perspectives of their well-being and safety in Australia have rarely been explored. Through qualitative methodology this study focused on understanding children’s perspectives of safety in the wider context of their own well-being. Participants included 42 children aged 6 to 17 years who lived in a region south west of Sydney’s central business district in New South Wales, Australia. Child focused participatory methods included creative art activities, photography, sandplay, focus groups and individual interviews. Reflective field notes were scribed following each fieldwork session in addition to research-peer debriefing sessions. Focus groups and individual interviews were transcribed assisting thematic analysis of the data. Through individual, peer-topeer and participant-to-researcher interactions, children co-constructed the meaning of well-being and safety through dialogue and creative mediums. Key themes emerging from narratives shared by children included Agency, Relatedness and Innate Needs in describing what well-being and safety means for them. Children described their understanding of well-being and safety and moreover the above identified key themes, as interwoven concepts which were often experienced together. Through this understanding, children shared importance that well-being and safety are experienced as co-existing concepts which influence each other. This study provided an opportunity for children to collaboratively share their thoughts and discuss ideas of these concepts among peers, contributing to a child focused co-construction of conceptual development. In presenting findings from this study, I aim to position children’s views centrally in the reconstruction and reconsideration of social policy and political frameworks that affect the lives of children.
Books on the topic "Refugee children – Government policy – Australia"
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1947-, Goddard Christopher R., and Latham Susie, eds. Human rights overboard: Seeking asylum in Australia. Carlton North, Vic: Scribe Publications, 2008.
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Crock, Mary. Seeking asylum alone: A study of Australian law, policy and practice regarding unaccompanied and seperated children. Annandale, N.S.W: Themis Press, 2006.
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Tolfree, David. Refugee children in Malawi: A study of the implementation of the UNHCR guidelines on refugee children. [Blantyre, Malawi]: The Alliance, 1991.
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Lobato, Tania. Los niños de Bosnia: ¿qué fue de los refugiados que vinieron a nuetro país? Barcelona: Ediciones La Lluvia, 2013.
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R. F. A. van den Bedem. Toelating en opvang van ama's. [Arnhem]: Gouda Quint, 1994.
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author, Kim Hyŏn-chʻŏl 1960, Yi Hyang-gyu author, and Han Man-gil author, eds. T'albuk ch'ŏngsonyŏn kyoyuk chongdan yŏn'gu: Hakkyo, sahoe chŏgŭng kwajŏng punsŏk mit chŏngch'aek pangan = A longitudinal study of North Korea migrant youth in South Korea. Sŏul T'ŭkpyŏlsi: Han'guk Kyoyuk Kaebarwŏn, 2015.
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Han, Man-gil. T'albuk ch'ŏngsonyŏn ŭi kyoyuk chongdan yŏn'gu. Sŏul-si: Han'guk Kyoyuk Kaebarwŏn, 2010.
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Neumann, Klaus. Does History Matter?: Making and debating citizenship, immigration and refugee policy in Australia and New Zealand. Canberra: ANU Press, 2009.
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Tavan, Gwenda, and Neumann Klaus. Does history matter?: Making and debating citizenship, immigration and refugee policy in Australia and New Zealand. Acton, A.C.T: ANU E Press, 2009.
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Chŏng, Hae-suk. Pukhan it'al ch'ŏngsonyŏn ŭi sŏngbyŏl silt'ae punsŏk mit yŏsŏng ch'ŏngsonyŏn chiwŏn pangan. Sŏul-si: Han'guk Yŏsŏng Chŏngch'aek Yŏn'guwŏn, 2012.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Refugee children – Government policy – Australia"
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Lee, Rennie, and Sin Yi Cheung. "Refugee Children in Australia: Wellbeing and Integration." In Family Dynamics over the Life Course, 71–96. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-12224-8_5.
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AbstractWhether the children of immigrant populations, including refugees, integrate into the host society is a key challenge facing all countries with large immigrant populations. In Australia, this is crucial given rising numbers and anxieties over refugee settlement in recent decades. Forced migration and displacement due to violence, persecution, or natural disasters with families undertaking perilous journeys fleeing their homes often could mean a turning point and at the same time a stressful event that may have severe negative psychosocial and long-term effects. This can be particularly acute among refugee children, who are typically the least prepared to migrate, have experienced hardship associated with violence and persecution, and must grow up in a new country. From a life course perspective, the integration and wellbeing of refugee children is shaped by the timing and context of migration, including their age at migration and country of origin. In this chapter we draw on longitudinal data from Building a New Life in Australia (BNLA) to offer new evidence in our understanding of the integration and wellbeing of refugee children in Australia and policy recommendations to address the social disadvantages facing this population. Our findings indicate that refugee children are outperforming their parents, making intergenerational progress. However, we find some major differences by gender and national origin across a range of outcomes.
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Lynch, Gordon. "Flawed Progress: Criticisms of Residential Institutions for Child Migrants in Australia and Policy Responses, 1939–1945." In UK Child Migration to Australia, 1945-1970, 55–90. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69728-0_3.
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AbstractThe positive view of child migration held by UK Government officials in the inter-war period was not based on any regular system of inspections of the institutions in Australia to which children were sent. During the Second World War, UK Government officials became more of reported problems at several of these institutions, relating to standards of accommodation, management, care, training and after-care. This chapter traces the growing awareness of these problems and the UK Government’s response to them. Whilst policy-makers’ positive assumptions about child migration were challenged, and specific issues and institutions were known to require significant improvement, overall confidence in the value of child migration remained. Despite evidence of organisational failings in Australia, Australian welfare professionals were trusted to address these problems, and suggestions about the need for greater control from the United Kingdom were seen as a backward-looking attempt to limit the autonomy of Britain’s Dominions.
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Lynch, Gordon. "‘Australia as the Coming Greatest Foster-Father of Children the World Has Ever Known’: The Post-war Resumption of Child Migration to Australia, 1945–1947." In UK Child Migration to Australia, 1945-1970, 131–89. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69728-0_5.
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AbstractThis chapter examines the policy context and administrative systems associated with the resumption of assisted child migration from the United Kingdom to Australia in 1947. During the Second World War, the Australian Commonwealth Government came to see child migration as an increasingly important element in its wider plans for post-war population growth. Whilst initially developing a plan to receive up to 50,000 ‘war orphans’ shortly after the war in new government-run cottage homes, the Commonwealth Government subsequently abandoned this, partly for financial reasons. A more cost-effective strategy of working with voluntary societies, and their residential institutions, was adopted instead. Monitoring systems of these initial migration parties by the UK Government were weak. Whilst the Home Office began to formulate policies about appropriate standards of care for child migrants overseas, this work was hampered by tensions between the Home Office and the Commonwealth Relations Office about the extent to control over organisations in Australia was possible.
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Lynch, Gordon. "‘A Serious Injustice to the Individual’: British Child Migration to Australia as Policy Failure." In UK Child Migration to Australia, 1945-1970, 1–22. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69728-0_1.
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AbstractThe Introduction sets this book in the wider context of recent studies and public interest in historic child abuse. Noting other international cases of child abuse in the context of public programmes and other institutional contexts, it is argued that children’s suffering usually arose not from an absence of policy and legal protections but a failure to implement these effectively. The assisted migration of unaccompanied children from the United Kingdom to Australia is presented, particularly in the post-war period, as another such example of systemic failures to maintain known standards of child welfare. The focus of the book on policy decisions and administrative systems within the UK Government is explained and the relevance of this study to the historiography of child migration and post-war child welfare is also set out.
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Osman, Kim, Amber Marshall, and Michael Dezuanni. "Digital Inclusion and Learning at Home: Challenges for Low-Income Australian Families." In Palgrave Studies in Digital Inequalities, 87–109. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-28930-9_5.
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AbstractThe sudden switch to learning exclusively at home during the COVID-19 pandemic revealed the extent of low levels of digital inclusion for many low-income and socially disadvantaged families and children in Australia. Many students and families struggled with access to, and the affordability of, devices and data, along with having the required digital skills and mentoring to learn at home. The Australian Government recognises that “socially vulnerable children are over-represented among the group of students who are educationally vulnerable” and the Australian Digital Inclusion Index shows there is a “substantial digital divide between richer and poorer Australians” (Thomas J, Barraket J, Wilson C, Cook K, Louie Y, Holcombe-James I, Ewing S, MacDonald T, Measuring Australia’s digital divide: the Australian digital inclusion index 2018. RMIT University, for Telstra, Melbourne, 2018). This combination of digital and social disadvantage has far-reaching consequences for the educational outcomes of children from low-income families in Australia. Additionally, as social, government, education and commercial services move rapidly towards ‘digital by default,’ digital inclusion and in particular, digital ability, are critical for social and economic participation in society (Dezuanni M, Allan C, Pittsworth stories: Developing a social living lab for digital participation in a rural Australian community. In: Dezuanni M, Foth M, Mallan K, Hughes H (eds) Digital participation through social living labs –valuing local knowledge, enhancing engagement. Chandos Publishing, Cambridge, pp 141–171, 2018; Al-Muwil A, Weerakkody V, El-haddadeh R, Dwivedi Y, Inform Syst Front 21(3): 635–659, 2019). This chapter outlines policy, government, industry and community responses to enabling children from low-income families in Australia to learn at home during the COVID-19 pandemic. It discusses how such responses can be part of sustainable solutions to the digital inclusion challenges of families that enables all family members to fully participate in society now, and beyond the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Sarah, Dryden-Peterson, and Mariën Hania. "Part VI Refugee Rights and Realities, Ch.54 The Right to Education." In The Oxford Handbook of International Refugee Law. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198848639.003.0055.
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This chapter examines the right to education of refugees. International human rights instruments, including the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR) and the Refugee Convention, provide a framework for the right to education for refugees. As a social right, and as reflected in the ICESCR, the right to education is to be progressively realized and requires positive action and allocation of funding. Like all human rights, it is dependent on action by government, the availability of public resources, and enforcement mechanisms. The devolution of responsibility for the education of refugees to States through recent policy further entrenches the role of the State in respecting, protecting, and fulfilling refugees’ right to education. The chapter then explores the intersection of global and national frameworks for the right to education for refugees and its realization in the form of access to schools. Despite the widely embraced global articulation of the right to education for all refugee children, the realization of the right to education is highly variable, being largely dependent upon their State of asylum.
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Vogl, Anthea. "Outsourcing Deterrence." In Privatising Border Control, 191—C10.P100. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192857163.003.0011.
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Abstract This chapter explores government outsourcing of asylum seeker welfare services, surveillance, and reporting functions to non-government organisations (NGOs). It focuses on Australia, where the government has outsourced the delivery of core welfare services for asylum seekers living in the community to NGOs. The outsourced welfare services have been appraised as ‘starving out’ asylum seekers and deploying deprivation as a means of deterrence. The government-contracted NGOs are also required to report on asylum seekers who are in breach of Australia’s Asylum Seeker Code of Behaviour, which prohibits actions such as spitting, swearing, and spreading rumours. The chapter argues that the Australian government’s outsourcing of refugee welfare services co-opts and captures NGOs as direct partners in immigration control and deterrence. Further, it analyses state capture of the NGOs as exemplifying the alliance between care and immigration control involved in humanitarian forms of governance at the border. By virtue of contractual outsourcing, the Australian government has both created new sites of discretion and control over asylum seekers and constrained the capacity of NGOs to contest government policy, instead involving them in the enforcement of sovereign borders as a condition for providing support and assistance.
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"Refugee children and families in the Republic of Ireland: the response of social work." In Migration and Social Work, edited by Sofia Dedotsi, Elena Cabiati, Emilio José Gómez-Ciriano, Sofia Dedotsi, Elena Cabiati, and Emilio José Gómez-Ciriano, 126–45. Policy Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447361800.003.0009.
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This chapter explores the social work role in the Republic of Ireland in relation to children and families from a forced migration background. It starts by setting the context through a discussion about social work generally, before discussing social work’s role with four different, though interlinked, groups of refugees: families who arrive independently/‘spontaneously’ and seek asylum or international protection; refugees who arrive through organised government resettlement or relocation schemes; unaccompanied minors who arrive through one of the aforementioned routes and who are placed in the care of the state child welfare and protection agency; and people who arrive to be reunited with refugee family members who are already in Ireland. The chapter draws on both Irish and international research to highlight that while social work has a central role in the provision of care and support to unaccompanied minors, the role of social work vis-à-vis the other cohorts has been limited, largely reflecting the general lack of support provided to most refugee groups within the Irish context. It is argued that as Ireland’s international protection system changes in the coming years, the social work profession – if sufficiently resourced – has the capacity to position itself centrally, not only in the provision of services to people from a forced migration background, but also in shaping policy development and research agendas.
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Noble, Carolyn. "Reconciling systemic abuse of children and young women with social work’s commitment to a human rights, transformative practice." In Social Work's Histories of Complicity and Resistance, 41–53. Policy Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447364276.003.0003.
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Forced removal of children, child migration and child adoptions have a long history in Australia. The systematic removal of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander (First Nation) children into state and religious institutional care, the forced migration of British children to Australia and the involuntary adoption of young unwed women’s children are features of the welfare landscape for more than 250 years of colonial rule. Known as the ‘forgotten ones’, ‘lost innocents’ or ‘stolen children’, these children experienced lifelong trauma and serious mental ill-health, leaving a trail of hurt rippling through the generations. The current forced, indefinite detention of children and their families in refugee camps is a punitive aspect of Australia’s current Immigration Detention policy. Children being held in these detention centres will experience the same long-term health and welfare impact of those before them. What is distressing about this legacy is that these atrocities are still occurring with the over-representation of First Nation children in the criminal justice system and the continued detention of children in detention camps with little or no attention from social work’s professional body. These past and current atrocities present social work with the challenge of how to deal with the consequences of these policies and institutional failings. An important step to tackle this issue is for the Australian Association for Social Workers and the international professional bodies to offer some form of acknowledgement, recompense and reflection on past hurts to protect clients from further harm and build trust in their work.
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Thomason, Jane, Sonja Bernhardt, Tia Kansara, and Nichola Cooper. "Refugees and Humanitarian Settings." In Research Anthology on Blockchain Technology in Business, Healthcare, Education, and Government, 1098–113. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-5351-0.ch060.
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Mass migration has become one of the 21st century's greatest challenges. With an estimated 214 million people on the move internationally and forced displacement at a record high, population mobility is one of the leading policy issues of the 21st century. Women and children with no identity can be missed by national social programs in addition to the risks posed by being on the move. Developments in Blockchain can enable the tracking and delivery of in-kind aid and facilitate cash assistance programs in humanitarian settings and coordinate, collect, and analyse data in crisis to enable a timely and appropriate response. This chapter presents the ways in which Blockchain is being deployed in humanitarian and refugee settings and a series of case studies from Finland, Moldova, Kenya, and Iraq. While promising progress has been made, there remains a need for more research and evaluation as these technologies are implemented, increased user participation in design, and to ensure that privacy and security issues are addressed.
Reports on the topic "Refugee children – Government policy – Australia"
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McLean, Karen, Celine Chu, Julianna Mallia, and Susan Edwards. Developing a national Playgroup statement : Stakeholder consultation strategy. Australian Catholic University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24268/acu.8ww69.
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[Extract] In 2019 Playgroup Australia established a National Advisory Group, including representatives from government, not-for-profit, community and research sectors, to support the development of a National Playgroup Statement. The forthcoming statement is intended to provide a unifying voice for playgroup provision in practice, research and policy nationwide. Two core strategies were recommended by the National Advisory Group to support the development of the Playgroup Statement. These were: a) a literature review canvassing the existing evidence base of outcomes and benefits of playgroup participation for children and families; and b) a stakeholder consultation strategy to capture children’s and families’ experiences and perspectives of playgroup participation, and the impact of playgroup participation on their lives. This report details the findings from the stakeholder consultation strategy.