Journal articles on the topic 'Refuge acquisition'
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Koyama, Jill, and Ethan Chang. "Schools as Refuge? The Politics and Policy of Educating Refugees in Arizona." Educational Policy 33, no. 1 (October 17, 2018): 136–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0895904818807319.
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Despite the central role schools have played in the resettlement of refugees, we know little about how principals, teachers, parents, and staff at community-based organizations interpret and negotiate national immigration policy and state education policies. Combing critical discourse analysis (CDA) and actor-network theory (ANT), we capture how these actors work together and against each other to enact supports with regard to these newcomer students. Data includes a 36-month ethnography of refugee networks in Arizona. We argue that policies around English language acquisition and academic support further isolate refugee students and diminish their formal learning experiences in the United States.
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Andreottola, G., E. Damiani, P. Foladori, P. Nardelli, and M. Ragazzi. "Treatment of mountain refuge wastewater by fixed and moving bed biofilm systems." Water Science and Technology 48, no. 11-12 (December 1, 2004): 169–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2004.0832.
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Tourists visiting mountain refuges in the Alps have increased significantly in the last decade and the number of refuges and huts at high altitude too. In this research the results of an intensive monitoring of a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) for a tourist mountain refuge located at 2,981 m a.s.l. are described. Two biofilm reactors were adopted: (a) a Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR); (b) a submerged Fixed Bed Biofilm Reactor (FBBR). The aims of this research were: (i) the evaluation of the main parameters characterising the processes and involved in the design of the wastewater plants, in order to compare advantages and disadvantages of the two tested alternatives; (ii) the acquisition of an adequate knowledge of the problems connected with the wastewater treatment in alpine refuges. The main results have been: (i) a quick start-up of the biological reactors obtainable thanks to a pre-colonization before the transportation of the plastic carriers to the refuge at the beginning of the tourist season; (ii) low volume and area requirement; (iii) significantly higher removal efficiency compared to other fixed biomass systems, such as trickling filters, but the energy consumption is higher.
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Cooper, William. "TRADEOFFS BETWEEN PREDATION RISK AND FEEDING IN A LIZARD, THE BROAD-HEADED SKINK (EUMECES LATICEPS)." Behaviour 137, no. 9 (2000): 1175–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853900502583.
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AbstractForaging, feeding, and escape decisions may all be modified by threat of predation. Field experiments using a human simulated predator show that a lizard, the broad - headed skink, Eumeces laticeps, alters several aspects of feeding behavior in ways suggesting tradeoffs between predation risk and feeding. When food (cricket) was closer to the predator, the lizards more frequently did not attack it, and often retreated to safety before consuming it, reducing the duration of exposure to predation. The probability of attacking a cricket decreased with distance of the lizard from refuge, reflecting greater risk due to increased time required to reach refuge. Latency to attack increased with distance of the lizard from refuge, suggesting that lizards assessed the risk as acceptable after observing the predator's continued immobility. Large crickets were attacked with higher probability and shorter latency than small crickets, indicating that greater risk was acceptable for greater energetic benefit. The lizards more frequently carried large than small crickets to refuges before eating them, reducing duration of exposure because handling time was greater for larger crickets. Smaller crickets were consumed where captured, again indicating modification of feeding behavior in response to predation risk. The skinks also reduced risk by reducing handling time when closer to the predator. Escape was delayed until a predator approached closer when lizards were eating than when not eating. This delay may reflect a tradeoff between predation risk and acquisition of food.
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Sorgen, Aliya. "Integration through participation: The effects of participating in an English Conversation club on refugee and asylum seeker integration." Applied Linguistics Review 6, no. 2 (June 1, 2015): 241–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/applirev-2015-0012.
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AbstractThe integration of refugees/asylum seekers is a complex process that is affected by factors such as reasons for fleeing one’s home country, linguistic proficiency, education, housing issues, and reception from the host community. While past research has focused on these issues, there is a lack of attention on the development of practical and psychological integration skills through participation in a social space ofmutual accommodation(Berry 2005). This article fills this gap by analysing the relationship between mutual accommodation and integration in relation to spaces for language acquisition and the resulting impact of participation. This study illustrates, from the migrant perspective, how language acquisition in terms of resettlement not only focuses on linguistic proficiency but also on how such spaces provide a supportive place of refuge and support. This research underscores a deeper discussion of the migrantnew speakerprofile, providing evidence for ways in which to broaden an understanding of this key shift away from previously held notions of thenativeversusnon-nativeindividual. Ethnographic research was conducted in two UK-based conversation clubs. Data analysis followed Braun and Clarke’s (2006) Thematic Analysis structure.
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McDonald, Amanda A., Jianguo Liu, Harold Prince, and Kiersten Kress. "A socio-economic-ecological simulation model of land acquisition to expand a national wildlife refuge." Ecological Modelling 140, no. 1-2 (May 2001): 99–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-3800(01)00259-9.
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Dean, Suzanne, Claire Williams, Samantha Donnelly, and Tracy Levett-Jones. "Designing a Women’s Refuge: An Interdisciplinary Health, Architecture and Landscape Collaboration." International Journal of Higher Education 6, no. 6 (December 10, 2017): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/ijhe.v6n6p139.
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University programs are currently faced with a number of challenges: how to engage students as active learners, how to ensure graduates are ‘work ready’ with broad and relevant professional skills, and how to support students to see their potential as agents of social change and contributors to social good. This paper presents the findings from a study that explored the impact of an authentic, interdisciplinary project with health, architecture and landscape students. This project facilitated students’ entrée into the lived experience of women and children requiring refuge services as a result of homelessness and/or domestic violence. Students collaborated with stakeholders from the refuge sector, visiting sites, undertaking individual research, exchanging ideas and problem-solving, to develop a design guide for a women’s refuge. Focus groups were conducted at the conclusion of the activity to gauge students’ perceptions of the value of the activity. Results indicated that the ‘hands-on’ and collaborative nature of the learning experience in a real-world context was valued, primarily due to its direct relevance to professional practice. Architecture and landscape participants reported an increase in their understanding and knowledge of refuge clients, and many expressed a commitment to further learning and contribution to the sector. Nursing students felt that the authentic learning experience helped prepare them for the ‘real world’ of practice and that it aided development of their professional identities and capacity to effect real-world change. The learning activity had a positive impact on knowledge acquisition and students’ confidence to act as agents of social change.
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Cristóbal, Jordi, Patrick Graham, Anupma Prakash, Marcel Buchhorn, Rudi Gens, Nikki Guldager, and Mark Bertram. "Airborne Hyperspectral Data Acquisition and Processing in the Arctic: A Pilot Study Using the Hyspex Imaging Spectrometer for Wetland Mapping." Remote Sensing 13, no. 6 (March 19, 2021): 1178. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13061178.
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A pilot study for mapping the Arctic wetlands was conducted in the Yukon Flats National Wildlife Refuge (Refuge), Alaska. It included commissioning the HySpex VNIR-1800 and the HySpex SWIR-384 imaging spectrometers in a single-engine Found Bush Hawk aircraft, planning the flight times, direction, and speed to minimize the strong bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) effects present at high latitudes and establishing improved data processing workflows for the high-latitude environments. Hyperspectral images were acquired on two clear-sky days in early September, 2018, over three pilot study areas that together represented a wide variety of vegetation and wetland environments. Steps to further minimize BRDF effects and achieve a higher geometric accuracy were added to adapt and improve the Hyspex data processing workflow, developed by the German Aerospace Center (DLR), for high-latitude environments. One-meter spatial resolution hyperspectral images, that included a subset of only 120 selected spectral bands, were used for wetland mapping. A six-category legend was established based on previous U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) information and maps, and three different classification methods—hybrid classification, spectral angle mapper, and maximum likelihood—were used at two selected sites. The best classification performance occurred when using the maximum likelihood classifier with an averaged Kappa index of 0.95; followed by the spectral angle mapper (SAM) classifier with a Kappa index of 0.62; and, lastly, by the hybrid classifier showing lower performance with a Kappa index of 0.51. Recommendations for improvements of future work include the concurrent acquisition of LiDAR or RGB photo-derived digital surface models as well as detailed spectra collection for Alaska wetland cover to improve classification efforts.
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Harris, Glenn R. "Public acquisition versus private stewardship for wetland protection: an evaluation of the St Lawrence valley national wildlife refuge, USA." Journal of Environmental Planning and Management 37, no. 1 (January 1994): 3–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09640569408711956.
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MacDonald, Chancey, Geoffrey P. Jones, and Tom Bridge. "Marginal sinks or potential refuges? Costs and benefits for coral-obligate reef fishes at deep range margins." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 285, no. 1890 (November 7, 2018): 20181545. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2018.1545.
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Escalating climate-related disturbances and asymmetric habitat losses will increasingly result in species living in more marginal habitats. Marginal habitats may represent important refuges if individuals can acquire adequate resources to survive and reproduce. However, resources at range margins are often distributed more sparsely; therefore, increased effort to acquire resources can result in suboptimal performance and lead to marginal populations becoming non-self-sustaining sink-populations. Shifting resource availability is likely to be particularly problematic for dietary specialists. Here, we use extensive in situ behavioural observations and physiological condition measurements to examine the costs and benefits of resource-acquisition along a depth gradient in two obligate corallivore reef fishes with contrasting levels of dietary specialization. As expected, the space used to secure coral resources increased towards the lower depth margin. However, increased territory sizes resulted in equal or greater availability of resources within deeper territories. In addition, we observed decreased competition and no differences in foraging distance, pairing behaviour, body condition or fecundity at greater depths. Contrary to expectation, our results demonstrate that coral-obligate fishes can select high-quality coral patches on the deeper-reef to access equal or greater resources than their shallow-water counterparts, with no extra costs. This suggests depth offers a viable potential refuge for some at-risk coral-specialist fishes.
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Romañach, Stephanie S., Brad Stith, and Fred A. Johnson. "Designing a Protected Area to Safeguard Imperiled Species from Urbanization." Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management 9, no. 2 (August 14, 2018): 446–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3996/072017-jfwm-060.
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Abstract Reserve design is a process that can address ecological, social, and political factors to identify parcels of land needed to sustain wildlife populations and other natural resources. Acquisition of parcels for a large terrestrial reserve is difficult because it typically occurs over a long timeframe and thus invokes consideration of future conditions such as climate and urbanization changes. In central Florida, the U.S. government has authorized a new protected area, the Everglades Headwaters National Wildlife Refuge. The new refuge will host important threatened and endangered species and habitats, and will be located to allow for species adaptation from climate change impacts. For this study we combined habitat objectives defined by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and projections from two urbanization models to provide guidance for Everglades Headwaters National Wildlife Refuge design. We used Marxan with Zones to find near-optimal solutions for protecting explicit amounts of five target habitats. We identified parcels for inclusion into the reserve design that the models allocated among two zones representing different methods of protection: fee-simple purchase (up to 20,234 ha authorized by the U.S. government), and conservation easement agreements (up to 40,469 ha authorized). As expected, for all scenarios we found an increase in costs as the proportion of fee-simple purchases was increased, reflecting the lesser cost of easements, but the number of parcels required for protection differed little among scenarios. The two urbanization models showed considerable agreement over which habitat patches they did not forecast to be developed, and some agreement over which parcels might be developed. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service may benefit from focusing on parcels that our analyses select frequently under both urban scenarios because these parcels are more likely to be in areas where there are fewer urbanization threats and a lower demand for land. The reserve designs we generated met U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service habitat goals within fee and easement zone restrictions, and we found reserve configurations that fell well below the mandated size limit.
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Hamisa, Mohsen Abu. "Turkish language acquisition of refugee students in North Cyprus public schools." New Trends and Issues Proceedings on Humanities and Social Sciences 3, no. 3 (March 22, 2017): 313–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/gjhss.v3i3.1619.
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Loesch, Charles R., Ronald E. Reynolds, and LeRoy T. Hansen. "An Assessment of Re-Directing Breeding Waterfowl Conservation Relative to Predictions of Climate Change." Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management 3, no. 1 (June 1, 2012): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3996/032011-jfwm-020.
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Abstract The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has a long history of habitat conservation in the Prairie Pothole Region (PPR) of the United States that has focused on migratory birds, particularly waterfowl. The ongoing acquisition program of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service National Wildlife Refuge System has conserved approximately 1.1 million hectares of critical breeding waterfowl habitat. Results of recent predicted future climate scenarios are being used to suggest that waterfowl conservation be shifted away from currently important areas in the western and central portions of the U.S. PPR eastward, to locations where wetland and climate models suggest may become more conducive for providing wetland habitat for breeding ducks in the future. We used 24 years of breeding waterfowl and wetland monitoring data collected by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service National Wildlife Refuge System in the PPR of North and South Dakota and northeast Montana, along with land value and restoration cost data to conduct an economic assessment of the biological risk of refocusing waterfowl conservation efforts eastward due to recent projections of climate change. We considered the immediate risk of the loss of existing wetland and grassland resources in the western portion of the U.S. PPR, their current carrying capacity and production potential, the financial cost of protection vs. restoration relative to current conservation priorities, and the uncertainty of climate change effects on waterfowl habitat distribution. Because unprotected wetland and grassland habitats exist in the western and central portions of the PPR that are important for maintaining current waterfowl carrying capacity and productivity, and climate change effects are highly uncertain, maintaining the current focus of habitat protection appears to be the most cost effective approach for waterfowl habitat conservation efforts. Additionally, continued intensive monitoring activities designed to detect changing waterfowl populations and upland and wetland habitat as they relate to anthropogenic impacts (e.g., pattern tile drainage, grassland conversion) and climatic changes (e.g., wetland hydro-period), should provide more precise results to inform and adapt management and conservation activities accordingly should spatial and temporal changes in wet-dry cycles occur in the future.
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Vuijk, V., W. C. Kleijn, G. E. Smid, and A. J. M. Smith. "Language acquisition in relation to complex PTSD." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (March 2011): 1089. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)72794-8.
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IntroductionEuropean countries face immigration problems with refugees. Many refugees suffer from Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Numerous studies have shown that PTSD is associated with cognitive problems that interfere with language acquisition.ObjectivesIn this study we have explored demographic and psychological variables that influence language acquisition. Expected is that low levels of language acquisition are associated with severeness of PTSD.AimsFrom clinical experience, we have noticed that Dutch fluency is an important factor in social adjustment and mental health. Furthermore it is expected that PTSD symptoms delay language acquisition.MethodsParticipants are 150 refuges with PTSD. The severeness of PTSD was assessed with a structured interview and self-rating questionnaires; HTQ, HSCL-25 and PILL scale. The ability to speak Dutch language was measured by the choice of refugees to have an interpreter or not. Demographic data for age, sex, education and years since resettlement are included. We searched for linear relations between PTSD and other variables.ResultsResults confirm our clinical observation of a relation between higher numbers of traumatic experiences related to complex PTSD and the choice to have a interpreter. There are correlations between complex PTSD, number of traumatic events, years since resettlement, age and language acquisition although multiple regressive analysis indicates this result is not significant because of the small variation in this group of refugees with severe PTSD.ConclusionThis study stresses the necessity to include additional objective instruments to measure language acquisition of refugees.
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Porras-Alfaro, Andrea, Jose Herrera, Robert L. Sinsabaugh, Kylea J. Odenbach, Timothy Lowrey, and Donald O. Natvig. "Novel Root Fungal Consortium Associated with a Dominant Desert Grass." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 74, no. 9 (March 14, 2008): 2805–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02769-07.
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ABSTRACT The broad distribution and high colonization rates of plant roots by a variety of endophytic fungi suggest that these symbionts have an important role in the function of ecosystems. Semiarid and arid lands cover more than one-third of the terrestrial ecosystems on Earth. However, a limited number of studies have been conducted to characterize root-associated fungal communities in semiarid grasslands. We conducted a study of the fungal community associated with the roots of a dominant grass, Bouteloua gracilis, at the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge in New Mexico. Internal transcribed spacer ribosomal DNA sequences from roots collected in May 2005, October 2005, and January 2006 were amplified using fungal-specific primers, and a total of 630 sequences were obtained, 69% of which were novel (less than 97% similarity with respect to sequences in the NCBI database). B. gracilis roots were colonized by at least 10 different orders, including endophytic, coprophilous, mycorrhizal, saprophytic, and plant pathogenic fungi. A total of 51 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were found, and diversity estimators did not show saturation. Despite the high diversity found within B. gracilis roots, the root-associated fungal community is dominated by a novel group of dark septate fungi (DSF) within the order Pleosporales. Microscopic analysis confirmed that B. gracilis roots are highly colonized by DSF. Other common orders colonizing the roots included Sordariales, Xylariales, and Agaricales. By contributing to drought tolerance and nutrient acquisition, DSF may be integral to the function of arid ecosystems.
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Le Provost, Gaëtane, Isabelle Badenhausser, Yoann Le Bagousse-Pinguet, Yann Clough, Laura Henckel, Cyrille Violle, Vincent Bretagnolle, Marilyn Roncoroni, Peter Manning, and Nicolas Gross. "Land-use history impacts functional diversity across multiple trophic groups." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 3 (January 6, 2020): 1573–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1910023117.
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Land-use change is a major driver of biodiversity loss worldwide. Although biodiversity often shows a delayed response to land-use change, previous studies have typically focused on a narrow range of current landscape factors and have largely ignored the role of land-use history in shaping plant and animal communities and their functional characteristics. Here, we used a unique database of 220,000 land-use records to investigate how 20-y of land-use changes have affected functional diversity across multiple trophic groups (primary producers, mutualists, herbivores, invertebrate predators, and vertebrate predators) in 75 grassland fields with a broad range of land-use histories. The effects of land-use history on multitrophic trait diversity were as strong as other drivers known to impact biodiversity, e.g., grassland management and current landscape composition. The diversity of animal mobility and resource-acquisition traits was lower in landscapes where much of the land had been historically converted from grassland to crop. In contrast, functional biodiversity was higher in landscapes containing old permanent grasslands, most likely because they offer a stable and high-quality habitat refuge for species with low mobility and specialized feeding niches. Our study shows that grassland-to-crop conversion has long-lasting impacts on the functional biodiversity of agricultural ecosystems. Accordingly, land-use legacy effects must be considered in conservation programs aiming to protect agricultural biodiversity. In particular, the retention of permanent grassland sanctuaries within intensive landscapes may offset ecological debts.
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Taveggia, Diane. "The Vocabulary Notebook as Vehicle for Vocabulary Acquisition." Issues in Language Instruction 1, no. 1 (August 1, 2012): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.17161/ili.v1i1.6944.
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This past semester I conducted my dissertation research at Penn Valley Community College (PVCC) in Kansas City, Missouri. PVCC is located in the urban core of Kansas City, Missouri, and its academic English program serves primarily refugees and immigrants, as opposed to the international students that we work with at the Applied English Center. I chose to work with the students at PVCC because my roots as an ESL teacher are within the refugee and immigrant communities, and I enjoy maintaining my connection with these very interesting students.
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Wilson, Victor. "Contraband Trade under Swedish Colours: St. Barthélemy's Moment in the Sun, 1793–1815." Itinerario 43, no. 02 (August 2019): 327–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115319000299.
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AbstractThe article explores the emergence and workings of the free port of Gustavia, founded in 1785 shortly after the Swedish acquisition of its first Caribbean colony, St. Barthélemy. Its free trade policy was modelled closely after Dutch and Danish predecessors in the region, which had been successful for centuries as neutral marketplaces, especially during times of international conflict. An increasing field of scholars have begun reconsidering the significance of contraband trade in Caribbean and Atlantic history. Arguments have been made for a more nuanced understanding of Caribbean geopolitics, one that acknowledges the necessity of informal transnational trade networks. The history of Gustavia is poorly explored in this context. With the aid of new sources, it has become possible to assess the economic role of Gustavia in the Caribbean transit trade during the European conflict of 1793–1815; these sources show that the free port was of greater importance than previous research has found it to be. Through its creation, the Swedish government hoped to commercially exploit a colonial territory of marginal value. War was the primary catalyst that drew people as well as capital to the island, contributing to both its commercial strength and cultural diversity. Former inhabitants of Dutch and French colonies sought refuge there in the wake of the French Revolution and the subsequent wars. Albeit for a brief time, Gustavia gained the character of an international, polyglot merchant community and functioned as an imperial crossroads where business could be conducted as usual between allies, neutrals, and enemies.
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Ferris, Elizabeth. "Making Sense of Public Policy on Refugee Integration." ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 690, no. 1 (July 2020): 200–224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002716220941577.
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While immigrant integration is increasingly important for policy-makers, governments of countries approach the challenge of integration differently. In this article, I frame the issue of migrant/refugee integration in the larger context of political debates and policies about the entry of refugees and migrants. I then go on to analytic comparison of refugee integration policies in eleven developed countries, focusing on the interrelated domains of citizenship, language acquisition, and employment. These three domains are interrelated: acquiring language skills facilitates employment and (for most countries) is required for citizenship. I find considerable variation across these countries, which reflects their different historical contexts, but also the different policy choices that have been made in the countries. Even within the European Union, there is considerable variation between Member States in the emphasis they place, for example, on employment of refugees. While the study focuses primarily on policies developed at the national level, I conclude by stressing the importance of local initiatives to support refugee integration.
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Homuth, Christoph, Elisabeth Liebau, and Gisela Will. "The role of socioeconomic, cultural, and structural factors in daycare attendance among refugee children." Journal for Educational Research Online 2021, no. 1 (March 30, 2021): 16–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.31244/jero.2021.01.02.
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Previous research has found that ethnic educational inequalities arise even before children enroll in primary school. It has been shown that especially for migrants, early participation in education has a positive impact on later educational outcomes, with the acquisition of the host-country language being one of the main mechanisms driving this effect. With the influx of over one million refugees into Germany in recent years, the integration of migrant children, especially refugee children, into the educational system is more salient in educational politics than ever. The first empirical findings on early and preschool education among refugees have shown that while a considerable share of refugee children attend a daycare center, they do so at lower rates than native and other migrant children. This paper aims to examine whether inequalities in the early education of refugee children can be explained by diff erent socioeconomic and migration-related factors known to be associated with inequality in daycare attendance and to explore whether additional refugee-specific factors aff ect the likelihood of enrollment in preschool education. With data from the IAB-BAMF-SOEP Survey of Refugees in Germany and the study Refugees in the German Educational System (ReGES), we show that conventional explanatory variables do affect refugee children’s attendance of daycare centers. In addition to children’s age, the employment status of the mother, and the length of stay in Germany are particularly important. However, we see regional differences in participation in preschool education that cannot be explained by the municipal childcare supply.
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Fabre, Noëlle, Eduardo GarcÍa-Galea, and Dolors Vinyoles. "Boldness is related to the development of the cephalic crest in the male of the river blenny Salaria fluviatilis (Asso, 1801)." Current Zoology 60, no. 3 (June 1, 2014): 373–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/czoolo/60.3.373.
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Abstract Boldness is defined as the tendency of an individual to take risks when exposed to novel objects or situations. The main aim of this work was to dilucidate if boldness was related to the development of the secondary sexual traits (SSTs) in the male of the river blenny Salaria fluviatilis, a freshwater fish which takes care of eggs. As a second objective SSTs effect on parental status adoption was also be explored. Wild young fish were caught in the Segre River (Ebro basin) in November 2010. Fish were kept in five aquaria in groups of eight males and eight females with artificial nests. Boldness (boldness score and hesitancy) of males (initially with little SSTs development) was tested as the time required to exit a refuge when exposed to a new environment. Fish were mantained in the same aquaria for several months, and males’ SSTs development and reproductive behaviour were monitored. Boldness score was negatively associated to cephalic crest development. Hesitancy was negatively related to male length and was also influenced by the interaction between male length and cephalic crest. Parental status acquisition was positively related to the male’s length, marginally related to anal gland development, and non-related to cephalic crest. These results suggest an intrasexual role of the crest as an informative trait of boldness (honest signal) which might not necessarily be chosen by the females. It is also discussed that correlational selection could be responsible for linking boldness and growth rate in this species. Sexual selection, in addition to having directed the evolution of secondary sexual traits, might have favored certain personality traits (e.g. boldness) associated with the achievement of a larger body length.
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Daley, Patricia, Ng’wanza Kamata, and Leiyo Singo. "Undoing Traceable Beginnings." Migration and Society 1, no. 1 (December 1, 2018): 22–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/arms.2017.010104.
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This article examines the sense of insecurity experienced by former Burundian refugees following their acquisition of legal citizenship in Tanzania. Using the concept of ontological security, it explores the strategies devised by the new citizens and their former refugee selves to negotiate a normative and stable identity in Tanzania, a country with a postcolonial history of contested citizenship and depoliticized ethnicity. Our argument is that the fluidity of identity, when associated with mobility, is vilified by policy-makers and given insufficient attention in the literatures on ethnicity and refugees in Africa, yet is important for generating a sense of belonging and a meaningful life away from a troubled and violent past. This fluidity of identity offers a significant mechanism for belonging even after the acquisition of formal citizenship.
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Daley, Patricia, Ng’wanza Kamata, and Leiyo Singo. "Undoing Traceable Beginnings." Migration and Society 1, no. 1 (December 1, 2018): 22–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/arms.2018.010104.
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This article examines the sense of insecurity experienced by former Burundian refugees following their acquisition of legal citizenship in Tanzania. Using the concept of ontological security, it explores the strategies devised by the new citizens and their former refugee selves to negotiate a normative and stable identity in Tanzania, a country with a postcolonial history of contested citizenship and depoliticized ethnicity. Our argument is that the fluidity of identity, when associated with mobility, is vilified by policy-makers and given insufficient attention in the literatures on ethnicity and refugees in Africa, yet is important for generating a sense of belonging and a meaningful life away from a troubled and violent past. This fluidity of identity offers a significant mechanism for belonging even after the acquisition of formal citizenship.
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Sulistyowati, Lilis, Fahriany Fahriany, and Nurhalimah Nurhalimah. "The Bahasa Indonesia Vocabulary Acquisition on a Five-Year-Old Refugee." Elementary: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Dasar 5, no. 2 (December 18, 2019): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.32332/elementary.v5i2.1506.
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The paper attempts to answer the questions on the total of Bahasa Indonesia vocabulary that MazenAbdu Daud has acquired and mastered from the first time he has been following the preparation class for almost four months. This is a qualitative study. It is conducted in a UNHCR’s learning center in Ciputat, Jakarta. It has been seen as potentially significant for some main reasons. First, this study draws attention to give an understanding about forced displace person including refugee and asylum seeker. The description of presence needs life and how Bahasa Indonesia is important for them. Second, it offers readers an overview of many refugees in Jakarta Greater area about their country, culture, and history of life. Then, it provides detail information about vocabulary acquisition of Mazen. Concurrently, this study will contribute to give an overview of the refugee education experiences in Indonesia as a transit country, especially who live in Jakarta Greater area. And the last, this study offers unique insight into how refugees adapt to the community in the scope of displacement, marginalization, loneliness, and socialization in the host culture. Such findings will inform teachers, school officials, and policymakers as they consider new ways to assist newly arrived immigrant, including refugees and asylum seekers. This study also contributes to studies on language acquisition process.
Keyword: acquisition, refugee, bilingualism, qualitative
Abstrak
Penelitian ini berupaya menjawab pertanyaan tentang total kosakata Bahasa Indonesia yang diperoleh dan dikuasai Mazen sejak pertama kali mengikuti kelas persiapan selama hampir empat bulan. Penelitian adalah penelitian kualitatif. Penelitian ini dilakukan di pusat pembelajaran UNHCR di Ciputat, Jakarta. Penelitian ini terlihat potensi signifikan untuk beberapa alasan utama. Pertama, penelitian ini menarik perhatian dalam memberikan pemahaman tentang orang yang dipindahkan secara paksa termasuk pengungsi dan pencari suaka. Deskripsi tentang kebutuhan untuk hidup dan bagaimana Bahasa Indonesia berperan penting bagi mereka. Kedua, menawarkan kepada pembaca gambaran dari pengungsi-pengungsi yang tinggal di wilayah Jabodetabek tentang negara, budaya, dan sejarah hidup mereka. Kemudian, penelitian ini memberikan informasi detail tentang akuisisi kosa kata oleh Mazen Abdu Daud. Bersamaan dengan itu, penelitian ini akan berkontribusi untuk memberikan gambaran tentang pengalaman pendidikan pengungsi di Indonesia sebagai negara transit, terutama di wilayah Jabodetabek. Dan yang terakhir, penelitian ini menawarkan wawasan unik tentang bagaimana pengungsi beradaptasi dengan masyarakat dalam lingkup perpindahan, marginalisasi, kesepian, dan sosialisasi dalam budaya tuan rumah. Temuan semacam itu akan memberi informasi kepada guru, pejabat sekolah, serta pembuat kebijakan ketika mereka mempertimbangkan cara-cara baru untuk membantu imigran yang baru tiba, termasuk para pengungsi dan pencari suaka. Studi ini juga berkontribusi pada studi tentang proses akuisisi bahasa.
Keyword: pemerolehan, pengungsi, bilingualisme, kualitatif
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Hamann, Cornelia, Solveig Chilla, Lina Abed Ibrahim, and István Fekete. "Language assessment tools for Arabic-speaking heritage and refugee children in Germany." Applied Psycholinguistics 41, no. 6 (October 12, 2020): 1375–414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0142716420000399.
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AbstractThough Germany has long provided education for children speaking a heritage language and received two recent waves of refugees, reliable assessment tools for diagnosis of language impairment or the progress in the acquisition of German as a second language (L2) by refugee children are still lacking. The few tools expressly targeting bilingual populations are normed for younger, early successive bilingual children. This study investigates 27 typically developing children with Arabic as first language (L1), comparing 15 school-age Syrian refugees (6;6–12;8), with 12 heritage speakers (6;0–12;9). We assess the L1 and L2 skills of these two groups with standardized tests, but crucially with an Arabic and a German sentence repetition (SRT) as well as a nonword (NWRT) repetition task (Grimm & Hübner, in press; Marinis & Armon-Lotem, 2015). Comparable scores emerged only for German LITMUS-NWRT and Arabic LITMUS-SRT. Refugee children had an advantage in L1 measures, for example, vocabulary and morphosyntactic production, whereas they performed poorly in the German LITMUS-SRT and other L2 tests involving morphosyntax and vocabulary even with 24 months of systematic exposure. This indicates that the acquisition of adequate vocabulary and complex syntax takes time. The paper explores factors influencing performance on the repetition tasks and relates the results to established diagnostic procedures and educational policies.
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Al Masri, Hayat, and Emad A. S. Abu-Ayyash. "Second language acquisition from Syrian refugees’ perspectives: Difficulties and solutions." Open Linguistics 6, no. 1 (August 9, 2020): 372–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opli-2020-0025.
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AbstractThe current study explored the second language acquisition (SLA) difficulties that 45 Syrian refugees and asylum seekers encountered in nine countries (Germany, Turkey, Sweden, Denmark, Norway, France, Malay, Austria, and Romania) that they fled to away from the ongoing war in Syria. The study also sought to elicit the solutions for these difficulties from the participants’ views. This research employed interviews and an open-ended questionnaire utilizing the Facebook Messenger application to gather data. The study builds on and broadens the scope of language acquisition research and questions main SLA theoretical underpinnings. The study found a variety of difficulties pertinent to economic, personal, social, linguistic, temporal, and psychological factors. The participants’ recommendations were classified into refugee-based, community-based, and authority-based ones.
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Hunkler, Christian, and May Khourshed. "The Role of Trauma for Integration. The Case of Syrian Refugees." Soziale Welt 71, no. 1-2 (2020): 90–122. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0038-6073-2020-1-2-90.
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This paper examines the role of traumatic experiences in the short-term integration of Syrian refugees in Germany. Drawing from the literature, and using dose-response and stress process theory, we presume that there is a negative effect of experiencing traumatic events, pre- and during migration, on integration. We concentrate our analysis on a sub-population of asylum seekers and refugees from Syria that have arrived in the last refugee wave in 2014/2015, who have a high incidence level of potentially traumatizing events. We use the Qualifications, Potentials and Life Courses of Syrian Refugees (QPLC) survey which has a module on pre- and during-migration stressors and measures structural integration as well as German language acquisition. In contrast to the a priori assumptions in the literature, we find that there is actually a positive effect of traumatic experiences on cognitive-cultural integration, i.e., language acquisition, and close to zero effect on structural integration, i.e., employment and education enrolment. We posit that due to possible higher motivation to remain in the new country, in the short run, Syrian refugees and asylum seekers seem to be integrating despite the added burdens of having experienced traumatic events.
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Brücker, Herbert, Yuliya Kosyakova, and Ehsan Vallizadeh. "Has there been a “refugee crisis”? New insights on the recent refugee arrivals in Germany and their integration prospects." Soziale Welt 71, no. 1-2 (2020): 24–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0038-6073-2020-1-2-24.
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Approximately 1.2 million refugees arrived in Germany between 2015 and 2016. The national and international public discourse surrounding the arrival of these refugees covers the full spectrum of opinions. These opinions range from sceptical assessments regarding the 2015 influx as a “refugee crisis” to optimistic appraisals considering the immigration of refugees to be a solution to demographic change and labour shortages. These views are often driven by ideology and emotions rather than grounded in evidence. In this paper, we use data from a unique, nationally representative household survey of refugees who came to Germany between 2013 and 2016 to describe who these refugees are, focusing particularly on demographic and skill characteristics relevant for their successful and sustainable economic integration. We also discuss German public policies and institutional environments to promote refugees’ integration. Our descriptive analysis shows that the processing of asylum applications and the overall provision of accommodations, safety-nets, and integration programs by German authorities have advanced the refugees’ integration process, although the initial shortcomings have been widespread. Over the years, German institutions have generally been open to helping refugees and other immigrants gain ground in Germany. However, there are still challenges for policymakers. One such issue is the gender gap that is reflected in the support for female refugees with childcare obligations, which delays their language acquisition and slows their integration. Nevertheless, the empirical evidence has - contrary to the expectations - given no indications that the influx of refugees in 2015 led to a “refugee crisis” in Germany.
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MASRI, Mazen. "The Implications of the Acquisition of a New Nationality for the Right of Return of Palestinian Refugees." Asian Journal of International Law 5, no. 2 (September 16, 2014): 356–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2044251314000241.
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This paper examines the legal consequences of the acquisition of a new nationality for the right of return of Palestinian refugees. The paper argues that since the right of return is independent of refugee status, the cessation of the latter should not necessarily abrogate the former. By examining the underpinnings of the right of return to one's own country, especially the link between the individual and her territory, this paper argues that this link is somehow weakened in a situation of naturalization in a different country. However, this weakening of the link should not automatically lead to the deprivation of rights. The circumstances that lead refugees to leave their country of origin, the circumstances preventing their return, and the decisions made by the individuals in view of their available options, should be examined.
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Asasira, Timothy. "Opportunities of Reintegrating Refugees among Host communities in Tanzania." Journal of Public Administration and Governance 2, no. 2 (July 3, 2012): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jpag.v2i2.2041.
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This study focused on the Opport0unities of Reintegrating Refugees among Host communities in Chogo refugee settlement, Handeni district, Tanzania. The study found out that Reintegration has led to the following; promotion of dialogue between refugees and the host communities and change of perception and attitude torwards refugees as they are considered naturally violent. Issues on resource sharing, capacity building extension workers, ensuring basic services of equality as those available for host authority populations are provided to the refugees, developing a range of options with levels of self-help and related costs and loans relative to sanitation as they explore opportunities brought about by refugees such as education and other basic needs like water. The study makes the following, recommendations. That states the ministry of home affairs should enforce the acquisition of citizenship by some of these refugees who are reluctant to acquire citizenship claiming that they want to keep enjoying the privileges until they are repatriated back home. In the long run, the government should consider sensitization programmes among refugees and the host community towards the opportunities of reintegration rather than allocating the integrated refugees land only. More so, the government of Tanzania should pay attention to these naturalized refugees because after acquiring the citizenship humanitarian agencies usually quit the resettlement premises.
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Kosyakova, Yuliya, and Hanna Brenzel. "The role of length of asylum procedure and legal status in the labour market integration of refugees in Germany." Soziale Welt 71, no. 1-2 (2020): 123–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0038-6073-2020-1-2-123.
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This study examines the role of the length of the asylum procedure and legal status in the integration process among recently arrived refugees in Germany. In particular, we focus on the transition to the first German language course and the transition to first employment. For our empirical investigation, we rely on the newest data from the IAB-BAMF-SOEP-Refugee Sample and apply survival analyses techniques. The results show that both procedure length and legal status shape integration processes. First, lengthy asylum procedures impede investments in acquisition of the language of the host society and delay labour market entry. Second, having a decision on the asylum application (irrespective of the outcome) increases the transition rate to the first job and promotes entry into the first language course. Presumably, legal certainty and a corresponding residence permit (even with a shorter-term perspective) are more decisive for the take-up of employment or investment in host country language acquisition. Beyond the outcome and the length of the asylum procedure, the origin country matters: refugees arriving from countries whose citizens have rather high prospects of remaining are quicker to take up a language course, whereas refugees with poor staying prospects manage to enter the labour market promptly to eventually improve their prospects of staying in Germany. We conclude that policymakers should prioritize efficient asylum procedures to create timely legal certainty and to encourage refugees’ integration process.
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Hansen, Peter. "Frivillig repatriering - en beskrivelse og kritik af et ideal." Dansk Sociologi 9, no. 1 (February 10, 1998): 23–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.22439/dansoc.v9i1.755.
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Voluntary repatriation. Description and
critique of an ideal
Voluntary repatriation is often considered a natural, ideal and nonproblematic solution to the refugee problem. This idealization is based mainly on an implicit understanding of refugees and identity, not on positive experiences from earlier repatriation projects. In lo¬calizing the logic behind the idealiza¬tion of voluntary repatriation, it is ne¬cessary to explicate a perception of the world with a sedentarist metaphysics at its core. This perception divides the world into nation states inhabited by es¬sentialized cultural communities and sees acquisition of identity as coming from these cultural roots. A refugee is a challenge to a sedentarist metaphysics merely because the refugee is not seden¬tary. The refugee has lost his/her identi¬ty and membership of a natural given community, his/her home. To repatriate is to reestablish the national order of things.
Empirical studies problematize the idealization and naturalness of volunta¬ry repatriation. Living miles away from one’s home land is not necessarily the same thing as having lost one’s identity. The decision to repatriate is not always the natural choice, and repatriation and reintegration into one’s home land is ra¬rely a nonproblematic return to things as they were before exile. The idealiza¬tion of voluntary repatriation is based on a problematic conception of refugee identity. In contrast to a sedentarist me¬taphysics, this article suggests that iden¬tities are not static and solely given by the location of a person’s roots, but are always in the process of being construc¬ted. Therefore voluntary repatriation can never reestablish things as they we¬re before, since both the refugees and those who stay behind have changed. A viable solution to the refugee problem must take into consideration the context of repatriation which includes different actors with potentially conflicting inter¬pretations and experiences and should not resort entirely to the implicit logic of the natural order of things.
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IVERSON, JANA M. "Developing language in a developing body: the relationship between motor development and language development." Journal of Child Language 37, no. 2 (January 25, 2010): 229–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000909990432.
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ABSTRACTDuring the first eighteen months of life, infants acquire and refine a whole set of new motor skills that significantly change the ways in which the body moves in and interacts with the environment. In this review article, I argue that motor acquisitions provide infants with an opportunity to practice skills relevant to language acquisition before they are needed for that purpose; and that the emergence of new motor skills changes infants' experience with objects and people in ways that are relevant for both general communicative development and the acquisition of language. Implications of this perspective for current views of co-occurring language and motor impairments and for methodology in the field of child language research are also considered.
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Toșa, Ioan, and Tudor Sălăgean. "Din istoria muzeografiei românești." Anuarul Muzeului Etnograif al Transilvaniei 30 (December 20, 2016): 166–238. http://dx.doi.org/10.47802/amet.2016.30.12.
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The authors present the less known activity held at the Transylvanian Museum of Ethnography from 1937 to 1957 towards: Research and Conservation of the Folk Cultural Heritage; Development of a network of ethnographic museums; Establishment of circles of ethnographic researches; Capitalisation through exhibitions and publications. For the research and preservation of the folk cultural heritage there were organised research and acquisition campaigns and there were made questionnaires for finding the buildings for the National park which unfortunately could not be completed because of the war, and after the war because of the political changes. The preservation and capitalisation of the folk heritage could be done successfully only by institutions and qualified individuals, so that the Museum intervened with the bodies of central and local authorities for the establishment of some museums or ethnographic sections in Iasi, Cernauti, Timisoara and Craiova and by ensuring qualified staff trained within the Department and Seminar of ethnography and folklore. An intense activity was made during 1939-1946 towards organizing Circles of ethnographic researches in the main cultural centres of the country, so that their union to re-establish the Romanian Ethnographic Society. The opening of the permanent exhibition in the building of Bărnuţiu Garden represented a very important moment for the Romanian museography by the implications it has had on the followings: the exhibition furniture, the theme and the exposure system, which represented a model for efforts of some institutions to present the collections of objects which they held between 1937-1940. The authors present then some aspects of Museum work during the refuge in Sibiu (1940-1945) and the difficulties for restoration of the building in the Park in order to organize the Exhibition following the model of the one in 1937. The change of political regime in 1947 coincided with the forced retirement of Professor R. Vuia. There are presented the attempts to continue in 1948-1950 the projects started after returning from refugee interrupted by the change of the director (May 1950) and of the staff (1951). In November 1951, by the Decision of the Committee for Higher Education, the Museum was passed to the Committee for Cultural Settlements, receiving the name "Historical-Ethnographic Museum of Cluj Region". In 1951, the Museum staff have drawn up a Directory for the organization of the new museum exhibition, which the authors, taking into account the fact that this is the only document on how a permanent exhibition theme is made, publishes in its entirety. The theme was sent to the Committee for Cultural Settlements that rejected and outlined the directions the exhibition named "The issue of living and evolution of the society beginning with human formation until nowadays " to be made. The intense discussions regarding the exhibition theme were held in 1953, after which it was established the thematic plan of the exhibition, which was opened on 24th of May 1955, for which it was made an illustrated guide that was to be printed in 1957.
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Lovey, Thibault, Paul O'Keeffe, and Ianis Petignat. "Basic Medical Training for Refugees via Collaborative Blended Learning: Quasi-Experimental Design." Journal of Medical Internet Research 23, no. 3 (March 24, 2021): e22345. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/22345.
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Background Globally, there is an excess of 68.5 million people who have been forced to leave their homes and seek sanctuary elsewhere because of poverty, persecution, conflict, violence, and human rights violations. Although international humanitarian responses usually focus on ensuring that the basic needs of these people are being met, there is growing attention on the role that development-oriented interventions can play in the longer term. Higher education in a refugee context is one such intervention that can equip refugees with the knowledge and skills they need to serve their communities and move forward. Objective This study aims to evaluate the outcomes and effectiveness of the University of Geneva InZone-Raft Basic Medical Training Course in the Kakuma refugee camp in Kenya compared with a previous incarnation of the same course in the Dadaab refugee camp in Kenya. Methods We used a quasi-experimental design to compare the posttest scores of both inequivalent student groups: control group (n=18) and intervention group (n=16). Factors that influenced refugee students’ knowledge acquisition, the amount of knowledge they acquired, and their academic outcomes were assessed, and the pedagogical evolution of the project is presented. Results We found that the Kakuma intervention course yielded better outcomes and was more effective in terms of learning than the Dadaab control course. Of the 16 students who took part in the intervention course, 10 (63%) completed the program successfully and received accreditation from the University of Geneva. We observed that they received new knowledge well and scored higher on all learning modalities than those in the control course. Comparison of written and oral examinations between the courses showed statistical significance for the intervention group in written and oral exams (two-tailed: P=.006 and P=.05; one-tailed: P=.003 and P=.03, respectively). The Kakuma course was not effective in addressing electricity and internet access problems, nor in reducing the challenge of tight deadlines in the syllabus. Pedagogical adjustments to the intervention course improved student involvement, with higher participation rates in quizzes (10/11, 91%), and overall satisfaction and learning. Conclusions The intervention group—with an improved mode of delivery, better contextualized content, and further interaction—reached a higher level of medical knowledge acquisition and developed more complex questions on medical topics than the control group. The positive outcome of this project shows that given the right resources and support, refugees can contribute to the improvement and development of health care in their communities. Nonetheless, a more focused effort is necessary to meet the educational needs of refugee learners and better understand their living conditions.
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WILSON, K. B. "Enhancing Refugees' Own Food Acquisition Strategies." Journal of Refugee Studies 5, no. 3-4 (1992): 226–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jrs/5.3-4.226.
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Chang, Yang-Chi, Po-Chuan Lai, and Meng-Tsung Lee. "An integrated approach for operational knowledge acquisition of refuse incinerators." Expert Systems with Applications 33, no. 2 (August 2007): 413–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2006.05.008.
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Arafat, Rana Khaled. "Between authoritarianism and democracy: Examining news media usage for political re-socialization and information acquisition in diasporic contexts." Journal of Global Diaspora 1, no. 1 (June 1, 2020): 15–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/gdm_00002_1.
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While political scholars study news media as agents of political learning, the processes of political re-socialization of a conflict-generated diaspora moving from authoritarian to democratic regimes pose significant theoretical challenges that remain insufficiently researched. To this end, this study investigates the importance of traditional and digital media sources from the homeland and host country in fostering refugees’ understanding of the democratic norms and values, and political opportunities offered by the receiving country. Furthermore, it investigates the role of online diaspora communities as agents for political re-socialization and tools for information acquisition about Arabic, Swiss and international politics. Sixty semi-structured interviews with Arabs from refugee origins in Switzerland were analysed. Findings show the influence of the early-life political socialization, received prior to forced migration, on the purposive consumption of media from various sources. As Facebook started to lose its value as a source of political information, participants shift to producing and consuming news distributed by strong ties on private WhatsApp groups as a counter-strategy to acquire trustworthy information. Further insights on the impact of perceived media credibility and individual trust in news on the consumption behaviour and political learning are discussed.
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Jesuthasan, Jenny, Zara Witte, and Sabine Oertelt-Prigione. "Health-Related Needs and Barriers for Forcibly Displaced Women: A Systematic Review." Gender and the Genome 3 (January 1, 2019): 247028971989528. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2470289719895283.
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The number of forcibly displaced people has been steadily increasing over the last decades. Women represent a large proportion of this population. Due to gender roles, duties of care, educational and economic imbalances, their experiences during flight and relocation differ from those of men and children. The currently available information about their specific health-related needs and barriers to access is scarce. We sought to explore the specific needs of the female refugee population employing a user-centered perspective. Rather than focusing on provider-designed interventions, we aimed at defining what female refugees want and need and which priorities they define themselves. We searched PubMed, Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Scopus to identify publications that explored the unique experiences of female refugees between January 1, 2008 and June 30, 2018. Publications needed to address the health needs of refugees, asylum seekers, or displaced individuals, include at least 50% women in their study and employ a user-centered perspective. A framework of themes was identified and applied to all publications. We identified 1945 publications of which 13 could be included in the present review. Twelve of these publications employed qualitative and/or innovative methodology. We identified 5 broad categories of health-related needs (immediate health care, communication, cultural/spiritual, social, and economic). The identified publications described the need for complex, coordinated approaches. Concerted action providing information and culturally sensitive care, while supporting language acquisition and economic empowerment is essential to improve the health status of female refugees. Transformative interventions need to address multiple axes of unequal access for female refugees to improve their overall health.
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Bertram, A., A. Wendleder, A. Schmitt, and M. Huber. "LONG-TERM MONITORING OF WATER DYNAMICS IN THE SAHEL REGION USING THE MULTI-SAR-SYSTEM." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B8 (June 23, 2016): 313–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xli-b8-313-2016.
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Fresh water is a scarce resource in the West-African Sahel region, seasonally influenced by droughts and floods. Particularly in terms of climate change, the importance of wetlands increases for flora, fauna, human population, agriculture, livestock and fishery. Hence, access to open water is a key factor. Long-term monitoring of water dynamics is of great importance, especially with regard to the spatio-temporal extend of wetlands and drylands. It can predict future trends and facilitate the development of adequate management strategies. Lake Tabalak, a Ramsar wetland of international importance, is one of the most significant ponds in Niger and a refuge for waterbirds. Nevertheless, human population growth increased the pressure on this ecosystem, which is now degrading for all uses. The main objective of the study is a long-term monitoring of the Lake Tabalak’s water dynamics to delineate permanent and seasonal water bodies, using weather- and daytime-independent multi-sensor and multi-temporal Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data available for the study area. Data of the following sensors from 1993 until 2016 are used: Sentinel-1A, TerraSARX, ALOS PALSAR-1/2, Envisat ASAR, RADARSAT-1/2, and ERS-1/2. All SAR data are processed with the Multi-SAR-System, unifying the different characteristics of all above mentioned sensors in terms of geometric, radiometric and polarimetric resolution to a consistent format. The polarimetric representation in Kennaugh elements allows fusing single-polarized data acquired by older sensors with multi-polarized data acquired by current sensors. The TANH-normalization guarantees a consistent and therefore comparable description in a closed data range in terms of radiometry. The geometric aspect is solved by projecting all images to an earth-fixed coordinate system correcting the brightness by the help of the incidence angle. The elevation model used in the geocoding step is the novel global model produced by the TanDEM-X satellite mission. The advantage of the Multi-SAR-System is that it comprises ortho-rectification, radiometric enhancement, normalization and Kennaugh decomposition, independent from sensors, modes, polarizations or acquisition date of SAR data. In addition, optical satellite data can be included as well, to fill gaps where SAR data are missing due to the special normalization scheme. This kind of pre-processing is exclusively implemented at the Earth Observation Center of the German Aerospace Center in Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany. Therefore, the dynamic change of the open water of the Lake Tabalak could be classified over dry and rainy seasons and years, using different SAR data. The study provides a unique database and contributes to a better understanding of wetland systems in the Sahel region influenced by human pressure and climate change.
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Bertram, A., A. Wendleder, A. Schmitt, and M. Huber. "LONG-TERM MONITORING OF WATER DYNAMICS IN THE SAHEL REGION USING THE MULTI-SAR-SYSTEM." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B8 (June 23, 2016): 313–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xli-b8-313-2016.
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Fresh water is a scarce resource in the West-African Sahel region, seasonally influenced by droughts and floods. Particularly in terms of climate change, the importance of wetlands increases for flora, fauna, human population, agriculture, livestock and fishery. Hence, access to open water is a key factor. Long-term monitoring of water dynamics is of great importance, especially with regard to the spatio-temporal extend of wetlands and drylands. It can predict future trends and facilitate the development of adequate management strategies. Lake Tabalak, a Ramsar wetland of international importance, is one of the most significant ponds in Niger and a refuge for waterbirds. Nevertheless, human population growth increased the pressure on this ecosystem, which is now degrading for all uses. The main objective of the study is a long-term monitoring of the Lake Tabalak’s water dynamics to delineate permanent and seasonal water bodies, using weather- and daytime-independent multi-sensor and multi-temporal Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data available for the study area. Data of the following sensors from 1993 until 2016 are used: Sentinel-1A, TerraSARX, ALOS PALSAR-1/2, Envisat ASAR, RADARSAT-1/2, and ERS-1/2. All SAR data are processed with the Multi-SAR-System, unifying the different characteristics of all above mentioned sensors in terms of geometric, radiometric and polarimetric resolution to a consistent format. The polarimetric representation in Kennaugh elements allows fusing single-polarized data acquired by older sensors with multi-polarized data acquired by current sensors. The TANH-normalization guarantees a consistent and therefore comparable description in a closed data range in terms of radiometry. The geometric aspect is solved by projecting all images to an earth-fixed coordinate system correcting the brightness by the help of the incidence angle. The elevation model used in the geocoding step is the novel global model produced by the TanDEM-X satellite mission. The advantage of the Multi-SAR-System is that it comprises ortho-rectification, radiometric enhancement, normalization and Kennaugh decomposition, independent from sensors, modes, polarizations or acquisition date of SAR data. In addition, optical satellite data can be included as well, to fill gaps where SAR data are missing due to the special normalization scheme. This kind of pre-processing is exclusively implemented at the Earth Observation Center of the German Aerospace Center in Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany. Therefore, the dynamic change of the open water of the Lake Tabalak could be classified over dry and rainy seasons and years, using different SAR data. The study provides a unique database and contributes to a better understanding of wetland systems in the Sahel region influenced by human pressure and climate change.
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Yoon, Myeong Sook, Israel Fisseha Feyissa, and Eun Hye Jung. "The Long Way to Refugee Status Acquisition and Mental Health in Post-Migration: Based on Asylum Seekers and Refugees in South Korea." Psychiatric Quarterly 91, no. 2 (January 16, 2020): 403–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11126-020-09714-9.
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Kartal, Dzenana, Nathan Alkemade, and Litza Kiropoulos. "Trauma and Mental Health in Resettled Refugees: Mediating Effect of Host Language Acquisition on Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Depressive and Anxiety Symptoms." Transcultural Psychiatry 56, no. 1 (August 17, 2018): 3–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1363461518789538.
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This study examined the relationship between traumatic exposure, host language acquisition and mental health (posttraumatic stress, depressive and anxiety symptoms) in long-term resettled refugees. Participants included a community sample of Bosnian refugees ( N = 138, 55% male, mean age of 40 years old) that had resettled in Australia and Austria on average 18 years prior. Two mediation models were tested based on two competing theories. Model A examined whether language acquisition mediates the relationship between traumatic exposure and mental health problems experienced by refugees. Model B examined whether mental health symptoms mediate the relationship between exposure to traumatic events and the acquisition of host language. Model A fit the data well (CFI = 1.00, SRMR = .017, RMSEA < .001, χ2 p = .526), while Model B was rejected as an acceptable model for the data (CFI = .556, SRMR = .136, RMSEA = .352). In Model A, the indirect pathway from trauma to mental health via language acquisition was significant for PTSD ( β = .067, p = .028) and anxiety symptoms ( β = .063, p = .026) but not depression symptoms ( β = .048, p = .071). Intervention strategies aimed at improving host language acquisition may be important not only in successful adaptation to daily living in the host country, but also to improve the mental health of traumatized refugees.
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Skeiker, Fadi, and Myla Morris-Skeiker. "Language acquisition and identity-making: Applied theatre as a mediating practice with Syrian refugees in Europe." Applied Theatre Research 9, no. 1 (July 1, 2021): 25–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/atr_00046_1.
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This article addresses the potential use of applied theatre in facilitating new language acquisition among refugees who are resettled in European countries such as Germany. The article charts the applied theatre work carried out by one of the authors with Syrian refugees in Europe, with a special focus on participant reactions to the host country’s expectations surrounding language acquisition and identity-making. The authors challenge current ‘integration’ practices that prioritize focused language learning as a major indicator for the refugees’ re-nationing process, arguing for higher consideration of the trauma surrounding displacement, especially when refugees have first arrived in their host community.
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Wang, Zheng. "Online Information Database - A Useful Tool in Terminology Translation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 475-476 (December 2013): 1171–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.475-476.1171.
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Translation or translating is a communicative activity or dynamic process in which the translator makes great effort to thoroughly comprehend a written message or text in the source language and works very hard to achieve an adequate or an almost identical reproduction in the target language version of the written source language message or text. The role of the knowledge base is essential in both comprehension and reformulation. The extent of knowledge acquisitions in each translation depends on the degree to which the translators knowledge base provides the information or knowledge required to deal with the source-language text. Terminology is where most practical problems lie in technical and scientific translation. Generally speaking, translators knowledge base in terminology is inadequate in comprehension and reformulation of terminology. So knowledge acquisition plays an important role in both the comprehension phase and the reformulation phase. This paper mainly explores significant role of information database as a knowledge acquisition tool in terminology translation, one of the most commonly encountered difficulties during technical translation and meanwhile offers useful suggestions of how to use information database and its search result to refine terminology translation
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Kaplan, Ida, Yvonne Stolk, Madeleine Valibhoy, Alan Tucker, and Judy Baker. "Cognitive assessment of refugee children: Effects of trauma and new language acquisition." Transcultural Psychiatry 53, no. 1 (November 12, 2015): 81–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1363461515612933.
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Haffejee, Firoza, and Kassa Maksudi. "Understanding the risk factors for HIV acquisition among refugee women in South Africa." AIDS Care 32, no. 1 (November 8, 2019): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09540121.2019.1687833.
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Dumenden, Iris E. "Agency as the Acquisition of Capital: The Role of One-On-One Tutoring and Mentoring in Changing a Refugee Student's Educational Trajectory." European Educational Research Journal 10, no. 4 (January 1, 2011): 472–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2304/eerj.2011.10.4.472.
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Current research into the experiences of refugee students in mainstream secondary schools in Australia indicates that for these students, schools are places of social and academic isolation and failure. This article introduces one such student, Lian, who came to Australia as a refugee from Burma, and whom the author tutored and mentored intensively during his final year of schooling. The article provides an empirically derived understanding of how one-on-one tutoring and mentoring became a platform through which this student was able to succeed in a structure which systematically tried to exclude him. Here, agency is conceptualised in terms of Bourdieu's concept of capital. The analysis highlights the ways in which one-on-one tutoring and mentoring provided the necessary platform by which this refugee student was able to acquire the necessary capital that effected a positive change in his educational trajectory.
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Beisler, Amalia, and Lisa Kurt. "E-book Workflow from Inquiry to Access: Facing the Challenges to Implementing E-book Access at the University of Nevada, Reno." Collaborative Librarianship 4, no. 3 (2012): 96–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.29087/2012.4.3.04.
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As e-book holdings in academic libraries increase, libraries must face the challenge of how to manage the acquisition and access of both individual and package e-book titles. While libraries have developed workflows to effectively handle electronic journal holdings and packages, e-books do not fit neatly into those models. An e-book workflow shares facets of both monographic and electronic resource acquisition and access, with both title-level and package acquisition and management issues. This article will explore how a cross-departmental team in the University of Nevada, Reno Libraries collaborated to analyze and refine the workflow for the e-book lifecycle, from the point of inquiry through acquisition, access management, and end of life.
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Beisler, Amalia, and Lisa Kurt. "E-book Workflow from Inquiry to Access: Facing the Challenges to Implementing E-book Access at the University of Nevada, Reno." Collaborative Librarianship 4, no. 3 (2012): 96–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.29087/2012.4.3.04.
Full textAbstract:
As e-book holdings in academic libraries increase, libraries must face the challenge of how to manage the acquisition and access of both individual and package e-book titles. While libraries have developed workflows to effectively handle electronic journal holdings and packages, e-books do not fit neatly into those models. An e-book workflow shares facets of both monographic and electronic resource acquisition and access, with both title-level and package acquisition and management issues. This article will explore how a cross-departmental team in the University of Nevada, Reno Libraries collaborated to analyze and refine the workflow for the e-book lifecycle, from the point of inquiry through acquisition, access management, and end of life.
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Rubin, L., and P. Dakis. "Obstruction of Valid Race/Ethnicity Data Acquisition by Current Data Collection Instruments." Methods of Information in Medicine 37, no. 02 (1998): 188–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1634517.
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AbstractMethods of collecting race/ethnicity data affect the validity of conclusions based on them as do other factors such as lack of consensus and inadequate definitions for terminology; and misclassification or miscounting of patients. Current data collection instruments do not identify mixed heritage. We propose improving data measurement and collection by including a quantified multiracial/multiethnic heritage category for persons of mixed heritage; a don't know category; and a refuse to reveal category. The resulting problems affect all uses of racial and ethnic data, including health care provision, research, and health planning. More precise race/ ethnicity categories should be encouraged by such means as a 16-category checklist (with instructions to check all which apply) currently in development. The Methods section of all clinical, epidemiologic, and pharmacologic reports should include descriptions of racial measurement and reasons for including or excluding clearly defined populations.