Relevant bibliographies by topics / Refuge acquisition

Academic literature on the topic 'Refuge acquisition'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 9 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Refuge acquisition"

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Koyama, Jill, and Ethan Chang. "Schools as Refuge? The Politics and Policy of Educating Refugees in Arizona." Educational Policy 33, no. 1 (October 17, 2018): 136–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0895904818807319.

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Despite the central role schools have played in the resettlement of refugees, we know little about how principals, teachers, parents, and staff at community-based organizations interpret and negotiate national immigration policy and state education policies. Combing critical discourse analysis (CDA) and actor-network theory (ANT), we capture how these actors work together and against each other to enact supports with regard to these newcomer students. Data includes a 36-month ethnography of refugee networks in Arizona. We argue that policies around English language acquisition and academic support further isolate refugee students and diminish their formal learning experiences in the United States.
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Andreottola, G., E. Damiani, P. Foladori, P. Nardelli, and M. Ragazzi. "Treatment of mountain refuge wastewater by fixed and moving bed biofilm systems." Water Science and Technology 48, no. 11-12 (December 1, 2004): 169–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2004.0832.

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Tourists visiting mountain refuges in the Alps have increased significantly in the last decade and the number of refuges and huts at high altitude too. In this research the results of an intensive monitoring of a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) for a tourist mountain refuge located at 2,981 m a.s.l. are described. Two biofilm reactors were adopted: (a) a Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR); (b) a submerged Fixed Bed Biofilm Reactor (FBBR). The aims of this research were: (i) the evaluation of the main parameters characterising the processes and involved in the design of the wastewater plants, in order to compare advantages and disadvantages of the two tested alternatives; (ii) the acquisition of an adequate knowledge of the problems connected with the wastewater treatment in alpine refuges. The main results have been: (i) a quick start-up of the biological reactors obtainable thanks to a pre-colonization before the transportation of the plastic carriers to the refuge at the beginning of the tourist season; (ii) low volume and area requirement; (iii) significantly higher removal efficiency compared to other fixed biomass systems, such as trickling filters, but the energy consumption is higher.
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Cooper, William. "TRADEOFFS BETWEEN PREDATION RISK AND FEEDING IN A LIZARD, THE BROAD-HEADED SKINK (EUMECES LATICEPS)." Behaviour 137, no. 9 (2000): 1175–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853900502583.

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AbstractForaging, feeding, and escape decisions may all be modified by threat of predation. Field experiments using a human simulated predator show that a lizard, the broad - headed skink, Eumeces laticeps, alters several aspects of feeding behavior in ways suggesting tradeoffs between predation risk and feeding. When food (cricket) was closer to the predator, the lizards more frequently did not attack it, and often retreated to safety before consuming it, reducing the duration of exposure to predation. The probability of attacking a cricket decreased with distance of the lizard from refuge, reflecting greater risk due to increased time required to reach refuge. Latency to attack increased with distance of the lizard from refuge, suggesting that lizards assessed the risk as acceptable after observing the predator's continued immobility. Large crickets were attacked with higher probability and shorter latency than small crickets, indicating that greater risk was acceptable for greater energetic benefit. The lizards more frequently carried large than small crickets to refuges before eating them, reducing duration of exposure because handling time was greater for larger crickets. Smaller crickets were consumed where captured, again indicating modification of feeding behavior in response to predation risk. The skinks also reduced risk by reducing handling time when closer to the predator. Escape was delayed until a predator approached closer when lizards were eating than when not eating. This delay may reflect a tradeoff between predation risk and acquisition of food.
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Sorgen, Aliya. "Integration through participation: The effects of participating in an English Conversation club on refugee and asylum seeker integration." Applied Linguistics Review 6, no. 2 (June 1, 2015): 241–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/applirev-2015-0012.

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AbstractThe integration of refugees/asylum seekers is a complex process that is affected by factors such as reasons for fleeing one’s home country, linguistic proficiency, education, housing issues, and reception from the host community. While past research has focused on these issues, there is a lack of attention on the development of practical and psychological integration skills through participation in a social space ofmutual accommodation(Berry 2005). This article fills this gap by analysing the relationship between mutual accommodation and integration in relation to spaces for language acquisition and the resulting impact of participation. This study illustrates, from the migrant perspective, how language acquisition in terms of resettlement not only focuses on linguistic proficiency but also on how such spaces provide a supportive place of refuge and support. This research underscores a deeper discussion of the migrantnew speakerprofile, providing evidence for ways in which to broaden an understanding of this key shift away from previously held notions of thenativeversusnon-nativeindividual. Ethnographic research was conducted in two UK-based conversation clubs. Data analysis followed Braun and Clarke’s (2006) Thematic Analysis structure.
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McDonald, Amanda A., Jianguo Liu, Harold Prince, and Kiersten Kress. "A socio-economic-ecological simulation model of land acquisition to expand a national wildlife refuge." Ecological Modelling 140, no. 1-2 (May 2001): 99–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-3800(01)00259-9.

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Dean, Suzanne, Claire Williams, Samantha Donnelly, and Tracy Levett-Jones. "Designing a Women’s Refuge: An Interdisciplinary Health, Architecture and Landscape Collaboration." International Journal of Higher Education 6, no. 6 (December 10, 2017): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/ijhe.v6n6p139.

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University programs are currently faced with a number of challenges: how to engage students as active learners, how to ensure graduates are ‘work ready’ with broad and relevant professional skills, and how to support students to see their potential as agents of social change and contributors to social good. This paper presents the findings from a study that explored the impact of an authentic, interdisciplinary project with health, architecture and landscape students. This project facilitated students’ entrée into the lived experience of women and children requiring refuge services as a result of homelessness and/or domestic violence. Students collaborated with stakeholders from the refuge sector, visiting sites, undertaking individual research, exchanging ideas and problem-solving, to develop a design guide for a women’s refuge. Focus groups were conducted at the conclusion of the activity to gauge students’ perceptions of the value of the activity. Results indicated that the ‘hands-on’ and collaborative nature of the learning experience in a real-world context was valued, primarily due to its direct relevance to professional practice. Architecture and landscape participants reported an increase in their understanding and knowledge of refuge clients, and many expressed a commitment to further learning and contribution to the sector. Nursing students felt that the authentic learning experience helped prepare them for the ‘real world’ of practice and that it aided development of their professional identities and capacity to effect real-world change. The learning activity had a positive impact on knowledge acquisition and students’ confidence to act as agents of social change.
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Cristóbal, Jordi, Patrick Graham, Anupma Prakash, Marcel Buchhorn, Rudi Gens, Nikki Guldager, and Mark Bertram. "Airborne Hyperspectral Data Acquisition and Processing in the Arctic: A Pilot Study Using the Hyspex Imaging Spectrometer for Wetland Mapping." Remote Sensing 13, no. 6 (March 19, 2021): 1178. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13061178.

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A pilot study for mapping the Arctic wetlands was conducted in the Yukon Flats National Wildlife Refuge (Refuge), Alaska. It included commissioning the HySpex VNIR-1800 and the HySpex SWIR-384 imaging spectrometers in a single-engine Found Bush Hawk aircraft, planning the flight times, direction, and speed to minimize the strong bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) effects present at high latitudes and establishing improved data processing workflows for the high-latitude environments. Hyperspectral images were acquired on two clear-sky days in early September, 2018, over three pilot study areas that together represented a wide variety of vegetation and wetland environments. Steps to further minimize BRDF effects and achieve a higher geometric accuracy were added to adapt and improve the Hyspex data processing workflow, developed by the German Aerospace Center (DLR), for high-latitude environments. One-meter spatial resolution hyperspectral images, that included a subset of only 120 selected spectral bands, were used for wetland mapping. A six-category legend was established based on previous U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) information and maps, and three different classification methods—hybrid classification, spectral angle mapper, and maximum likelihood—were used at two selected sites. The best classification performance occurred when using the maximum likelihood classifier with an averaged Kappa index of 0.95; followed by the spectral angle mapper (SAM) classifier with a Kappa index of 0.62; and, lastly, by the hybrid classifier showing lower performance with a Kappa index of 0.51. Recommendations for improvements of future work include the concurrent acquisition of LiDAR or RGB photo-derived digital surface models as well as detailed spectra collection for Alaska wetland cover to improve classification efforts.
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Harris, Glenn R. "Public acquisition versus private stewardship for wetland protection: an evaluation of the St Lawrence valley national wildlife refuge, USA." Journal of Environmental Planning and Management 37, no. 1 (January 1994): 3–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09640569408711956.

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MacDonald, Chancey, Geoffrey P. Jones, and Tom Bridge. "Marginal sinks or potential refuges? Costs and benefits for coral-obligate reef fishes at deep range margins." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 285, no. 1890 (November 7, 2018): 20181545. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2018.1545.

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Escalating climate-related disturbances and asymmetric habitat losses will increasingly result in species living in more marginal habitats. Marginal habitats may represent important refuges if individuals can acquire adequate resources to survive and reproduce. However, resources at range margins are often distributed more sparsely; therefore, increased effort to acquire resources can result in suboptimal performance and lead to marginal populations becoming non-self-sustaining sink-populations. Shifting resource availability is likely to be particularly problematic for dietary specialists. Here, we use extensive in situ behavioural observations and physiological condition measurements to examine the costs and benefits of resource-acquisition along a depth gradient in two obligate corallivore reef fishes with contrasting levels of dietary specialization. As expected, the space used to secure coral resources increased towards the lower depth margin. However, increased territory sizes resulted in equal or greater availability of resources within deeper territories. In addition, we observed decreased competition and no differences in foraging distance, pairing behaviour, body condition or fecundity at greater depths. Contrary to expectation, our results demonstrate that coral-obligate fishes can select high-quality coral patches on the deeper-reef to access equal or greater resources than their shallow-water counterparts, with no extra costs. This suggests depth offers a viable potential refuge for some at-risk coral-specialist fishes.
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Romañach, Stephanie S., Brad Stith, and Fred A. Johnson. "Designing a Protected Area to Safeguard Imperiled Species from Urbanization." Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management 9, no. 2 (August 14, 2018): 446–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3996/072017-jfwm-060.

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Abstract Reserve design is a process that can address ecological, social, and political factors to identify parcels of land needed to sustain wildlife populations and other natural resources. Acquisition of parcels for a large terrestrial reserve is difficult because it typically occurs over a long timeframe and thus invokes consideration of future conditions such as climate and urbanization changes. In central Florida, the U.S. government has authorized a new protected area, the Everglades Headwaters National Wildlife Refuge. The new refuge will host important threatened and endangered species and habitats, and will be located to allow for species adaptation from climate change impacts. For this study we combined habitat objectives defined by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and projections from two urbanization models to provide guidance for Everglades Headwaters National Wildlife Refuge design. We used Marxan with Zones to find near-optimal solutions for protecting explicit amounts of five target habitats. We identified parcels for inclusion into the reserve design that the models allocated among two zones representing different methods of protection: fee-simple purchase (up to 20,234 ha authorized by the U.S. government), and conservation easement agreements (up to 40,469 ha authorized). As expected, for all scenarios we found an increase in costs as the proportion of fee-simple purchases was increased, reflecting the lesser cost of easements, but the number of parcels required for protection differed little among scenarios. The two urbanization models showed considerable agreement over which habitat patches they did not forecast to be developed, and some agreement over which parcels might be developed. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service may benefit from focusing on parcels that our analyses select frequently under both urban scenarios because these parcels are more likely to be in areas where there are fewer urbanization threats and a lower demand for land. The reserve designs we generated met U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service habitat goals within fee and easement zone restrictions, and we found reserve configurations that fell well below the mandated size limit.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Refuge acquisition"

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Ussa, Melissa. "Evaluating the Effects of Sea Level Rise on Sea Turtle Nesting Sites: A Case Study of the Archie Carr National Wildlife Refuge." FIU Digital Commons, 2013. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/848.

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The purpose of this thesis was to determine the extent of sea level rise (SLR) impact on sea turtle nesting beach habitat on Archie Carr National Wildlife Refuge (NWR) as well as impacts on management strategies. The Archie Carr NWR is of exceptional importance due to the high density of Loggerhead, Leatherback, and Green sea turtles that nest there in the summer months. GIS data provided by the Archie Carr NWR and various SLR scenarios, provided by both the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) as well as leading scholars, were used to determine inundation area loss across the Refuge as well as nearby parcels targeted for possible acquisition. Inundation losses for the six scenarios were calculated to be in the 20-25% range. Approximately 26% of current lower priority parcels are reclassified as high priority when integrating this information. Therefore, a significant revision to future acquisition strategies is recommended.
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Bellamy, Stephen, and steve bellamy@flinders edu au. "RESOURCE PARTITIONING BETWEEN TWO SYMPATRIC AUSTRALIAN SKINKS, EGERNIA MULTISCUTATA AND EGERNIA WHITII STEPHEN BELLAMY Thesis submitted in total fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy AUGUST 2006 SCHOOL OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES FLINDERS UNIVERSITY, ADELAIDE, SOUTH AUSTRALIA ________________________________________." Flinders University. Biological Sciences, 2007. http://catalogue.flinders.edu.au./local/adt/public/adt-SFU20070124.145924.

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When species compete for resources, in a stable homogeneous environment, there are two possible outcomes. The first is that one species will out-compete the other and exclude it from the environment. This is known as the competitive exclusion principle. The second is that both species will manage to coexist. Coexistence can only occur if the species’ niches are differentiated such that interspecific competition is minimised, or eliminated. This outcome is known as resource partitioning. Two closely related Australian skink species of the Egernia genus, Egernia multiscutata and Egernia whitii, are abundant and sympatric on Wedge Island in South Australia’s Spencer Gulf. The species are morphologically very similar and appear to have very similar life histories and habitat requirements. Ostensibly, they would compete for limiting resources in this environment. This thesis is the first investigation into resource partitioning in this previously unstudied model organism. I report the results of multi-faceted investigations into the coexistence of the skinks, E. multiscutata and E. whitii on Wedge Island and the evidence for, and mechanisms of, any facultative resource partitioning between them. Study methods involved a transect survey of most of Wedge Island to determine the species’ distributions and any evidence for resource partitioning; a morphological comparison to investigate any potential competitive advantages of either species; a habitat choice experiment to establish retreat-site preferences in the absence of interspecific interference; and, a series of staged dyadic encounter experiments to investigate interspecific competitive interactions. Resource partitioning was evidenced by differential distributions of the species among substrates containing the elements required for permanent refuge shelters. This partitioning was not mediated by avoidance of particular substrates but by the presence of the opponent species, combined with attraction to suitable substrates. Asymmetries in some morphological characters were found to confer a potential competitive advantage to E. multiscutata in agonistic encounters with E. whitii. Both species were found to have the same refuge site preferences when interference competition was experimentally removed. This result was not concordant with observed resource partitioning in the field and suggests that the habitat choices of both species are modified by the presence of the opponent species. Analyses of staged dyadic encounter experiments showed that E. multiscutata was more likely to gain greater access to a contested habitat resource and more likely to exclude E. whitii from the resource than vice-versa. Nevertheless, the outcome of competitive interactions was not completely deterministic and there was some tolerance of co-habitation. E. multiscutata’s competitive advantage was attributable largely to its greater mass and head dimensions relative to snout to vent length. However, differential behavioural responses to the threat of larger opponent size also played an important part in resource partitioning between the species.
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Smyser, Heather, and Heather Smyser. "The Goldilocks of Variability and Complexity: The Acquisition of Mental Orthographic Representations in Emergent Refugee Readers." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/621067.

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Refugee adult language learners in the United States need alphabetic print literacy in English in order to successfully integrate into their adoptive societies and find meaningful employment. Accurate spelling and word recognition are important for completing forms about medical history, school paperwork, job applications, and social benefits. To aid in their integration, adult refugees are often enrolled in English courses targeted to those with low levels of education and alphabetic print literacy. However, many leave without having achieved a level of print literacy necessary for economic or social purposes. Current teaching approaches for alphabetic print literacy are either social- (Bigelow & Vinogradov, 2011) or skills-based (Burt, Peyton,& Adams, 2003; Haverson & Haynes, 1982) approaches. They are ineffective for meeting student learning needs within the six-month time frame for self-sufficiency imposed by U.S. refugee resettlement (U.S. Committee for Refugees and Immigrants, 2015). The purpose of this project was to see if using two principles of implicit learning: variability and complexity, would help low literate refugee English learners enrolled in English classes to accurately spell and perceive words in their curriculum. Specifically, the use of high variability visual input was contrasted with high and low linguistic complexity. Stimuli with high visual variability and low linguistic complexity proved the right combination for successful word learning for this population.
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Kimbro, Lucy Vincent. "Opening Doors: Culture Learning and Conversational Narratives with First Generation Hmong Refugee Women." PDXScholar, 1997. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4466.

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The life experiences of two first generation Hmong refugee women form the basis of this study. Through loosely structured but guided interviews, memories of their lives in Laos and in refugee camps in Thailand, as well as their perspectives, feelings, and opinions about current aspects of their lives, the effects of American culture on their family; and their engagement in the language and culture learning process are explored. An examination of the involvement of Hmong women in research and ethnographic accounts concerning Hmong culture, history, and experience, show that Hmong women's perspectives have often been overlooked or disregarded. One purpose of this study is to afford an opportunity to hear the voices of these Hmong women, whose lives are centered in the home and in maintenance of family, and whose responsibilities and cultural roles have limited their contribution to research and literature on the Hmong and their participation in refugee and immigrant resettlement and English language programs. The data for this study was collected in tape recorded interviews using an informal, loosely structured interview process: a conversational narrative rather than a formal oral history interview. This data was then transcribed and reconstructed to form both a chronological personal history and a view of the culture and current lives of the informants. The perspectives of the women in this study, revealed through the conversational narratives, are shown to reflect the informants past reality and demonstrate their attempts to adjust to a new cultural identity and environment. Moreover, conversational narratives and oral histories are shown to be potentially valuable resources for culture and language learning and suggest meaningful applications for English as a Second Language education and refugee resettlement.
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Hurburun, Anita L. Jibodh. "An exploratory study aimed to determine the efficacy of an assessment battery designed to examine oral English language acquisition in refugee and migrant children." Click here to access this resource online, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10292/436.

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The process of migration has resulted in population growth and contributed to the transformation of New Zealand. Migrant and refugee children face many adjustment factors and their ease in resettling in New Zealand is largely dependent on their ability to learn English. Migration stress, change, trauma and loss may result in psychological difficulties which in turn may affect their resettling and learning. The Ministry of Education and other professionals work together to enhance the quality of their service provision to facilitate easier adjustment, resettlement and effective learning for these children. An adequate assessment battery for speech language therapists to assess migrant and refugee children, is presently lacking in New Zealand. Therapists currently use various assessments, with the assistance of interpreters. The New Zealand Speech Therapists’ Association (NZSTA), in accordance with speech therapists in Group Special Education (GSE), strongly supports the need for research with these groups and the development of an appropriate assessment battery. This exploratory study aimed to determine an assessment battery for use in examining English language acquisition in refugee and migrant children and to highlight the benefit of using measurement tools that determine incremental change over time in contrast to the use of monolingual psychometric tests. The study explored a selected assessment battery and gathered data in five main focus areas, namely: cognition, language, trauma, classroom behaviour, developmental and birth information. Eligible children were those who did not have physiologically - impaired cognitive abilities. Eight cases, four refugee and four migrant students, were selected by convenience sampling. All participants were children selected from primary school 1 (three refugees and three migrants) and primary school 2 (one refugee and one migrant) primary schools, aged approximately (5-8 years). Participants included four male and four females, refugee and migrant children, and those with both high and low English ability. Based on the study’s results, recommendations were made to refine the test battery, which included test modification. For example, the use of the trauma measurement tool only if there is prior evidence of trauma, the inclusion of a larger test population who have a common primary language to allow for cost effective interpreter use and to also allow for generalisations to be made, the inclusion of an assessment of the children’s primary language in order to determine the relationship, development and acquisition of the child’s second language with reference to his/her development and skills in his native language. All of the refugee children and 3 migrant children displayed slower processing time during the administration of the tests. Migrant parents were quicker in test completion as compared to refugee parents. They displayed differences in family size, contact with extended family, socioeconomic status and educational level. Migrant children produced sentences that included correct word order and sequence whilst refugee children produced sentences that lacked adequate word order or lacked articles and determiners. The study found the proposed test battery was an effective choice for use in the assessment of both migrant and refugee children, as the battery allows for dynamic assessment of children from diverse groups and this proved to be an unbiased means of assessing their English language and cognitive skills. Recommendations are made for future, more-extensive research. These findings provide information about appropriate and reliable language acquisition tests that measure incremental change with time. This study will contribute to a developing knowledge base for speech-language therapists who work with migrant or refugee children. Effective assessment on which to base tailored language programmes will assist them to optimise their experience in New Zealand schools and enhance their English language skills.
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Smith, Kellan Kathleen. "Caregivers and Breadwinners, Daughters and Sisters: The Relationship between Informal English Language Acquisition and Household Roles Among Bhutanese Refugee Women in Tucson." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/311822.

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McParland, Domminick. "Is Self-Sufficiency Really Sufficient? A Critical Analysis of Federal Refugee Resettlement Policy and Local Attendant English Language Training in Portland, Oregon." PDXScholar, 2014. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1697.

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Since the 1951 United Nations Convention, nations have dealt with refugee issues in various ways. In the United States, since the Vietnam War, there has been great debate and a significant amount of research on issues of refugee resettlement, with these discourses inherently involving issues of power and ideology. English language training and the promotion of economic self-sufficiency have been interventions used to integrate and assimilate refugees into American culture and society. These two interventions were the subject of the current investigation. The purpose of this study was to look into the way federal refugee resettlement policy mandated by the Office of Refugee Resettlement (ORR) construes the notion of self-sufficiency in policy documents; and whether or not that constructed version of self-sufficiency is reflected or reinforced in the local attendant English language training, provided by the Immigrant and Refugee Community Organization's (IRCO) Pre-Employment Training's English language training courses. Through a combination of Critical Discourse Analysis and analytic techniques influenced by Corpus Linguistics, this study was able to investigate the construal of self-sufficiency in ORR refugee resettlement policy and its reflection in IRCO PET ELT. The ORR policy Title 45: Public Welfare, Part 400: Refugee Settlement Program and the lesson plans and materials of IRCO's PET's SPL levels 2 and 3 were analyzed with a textual analysis, process analysis, and social analysis. The ORR policy also underwent a collocation comparison analysis that employed the Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA). The results of this qualitative study indicate that the federal resettlement policy exploits a common connotation of self-sufficiency to mask its underlying subjugating policies that position resettled refugees into early employment positions with little opportunities for higher education or occupational advancement. The ELT provided by IRCO's PET program reflects and reinforces the ORR's construed notion of self-sufficiency as well as its underlying hegemonic agenda. These findings this relate to broader discourses of immigration, neoliberalism, and education in the United States. Conclusions drawn from this investigation have pedagogical implications and applications that are discussed.
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Bashir-Ali, Khadar. "The invisible minority: the academic, linguistic, social, and cultural integration of refugee students in the public schools in Italy and the U.S.: a comparative study." The Ohio State University, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1086249790.

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Atamer, Busra. "Optimal Pricing And Production Decisions In Reusable Container Systems." Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12612207/index.pdf.

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In this study, we focus on pricing and production decisions in reusable container systems with stochastic demand. We consider a producer that sells a single product to the customers in reusable containers with two supply options: (i) brand-new containers, (ii) returned containers from customers. Customers purchasing the products may return the containers to the producer to receive a deposit price. The return quantity depends on both customer demand and the deposit price determined by the producer. Hence, the producer has the opportunity to manipulate the return quantity via the deposit price. The unit cost of filling brand-new containers is different than the unit cost of refilling returned containers. We also consider resource restrictions on the production operations. Our setting represents certain hybrid manufacturing / remanufacturing systems where (i) the producer collects and recovers his own products, (ii) the producer supplies both brand-new and recovered products to his customers, and (iii) the customers are indierent between brand-new and recovered products. In this setting, we investigate the optimal pricing and production decisions in order to maximize the producer`s profit. Our approach utilizes non-linear optimization techniques. We characterize the optimal acquisition fee and the optimal order quantity of brand-new containers analytically and investigate the effect of parameters with an extensive computational study.
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Lai, Po-Chuan, and 賴柏全. "Operational Knowledge Acquisition of Refuse Incinerator Using Data Mining Techniques." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/81820224711522927750.

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碩士
國立中山大學
海洋環境及工程學系研究所
93
The physical and chemical mechanisms in a refuse ncinerator are complex. It is difficult to make a full comprehension of the system without a thorough research and long-term on-site experiments. In addition, many sensors are equipped in refuse incineration plant and much data are collected, those data were supposed to be useful since there may be some operational experience within. But to cope with the huge data that may exceed the computation capability, sequential Forward Floating Search algorithm (SFFS) is used to reduce the data dimension and find relevant features as well as to remove redundant information. In this research, data mining technique is applied toward three critical target attributes, steam production, NOx and SOx, to build decision tree models and extract operational experiences in the form of decision rules. Those models are evaluated by predicting accuracies, and rules extracted from decision tree models are also of great help to the on-site operation and prediction as well.
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Books on the topic "Refuge acquisition"

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United States. Dept. of the Interior. Office of the Assistant Secretary for Fish and Wildlife and Parks. Acquisition of inholdings in Alaska national wildlife refuges: Draft legislative environmental impact statement. [Washington, D.C: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Fish and Wildlife and Parks, 1988.

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Shashikant, Kumar, ed. Land acquisition, displacement and resettlement in Gujarat: 1947-2004. New Delhi: SAGE Publications, 2009.

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Awan, Malik Muhammad Rashid. Law of evacuee trust properties: Containing legal provisions, cases, notifications, circulars, press notes, schemes about : law about management, disposal & acquisition of evacuee trust properties, exemption of evacuee trust properties, exemption of evacuee trust properties from compensation pools & rent restriction ordinance, creation of pools for evacuee trust properties, management and disposal of evacuee trust properties. Lahore: Lahore Law Times Publications, 1987.

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New Jersey. Legislature. Senate. Environment Committee. Committee meeting of Senate Environment Committee: Senate bill no. 795 (appropriates $33 million from the Garden State Green Acres Preservation Trust Fund for state acquisition of lands for recreation and conservation purposes); Senate bill no. 796 (delays effective date of recycling tax); the committee will also receive testimony from the public concerning their primary priority for change to environmental laws or programs for 2008 : [January 28, 2008, Trenton, New Jersey]. Trenton, N.J: New Jersey Office of Legislative Services, Public Information Office, Hearing Unit, 2008.

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U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, ed. National wildlife refuge acquisition brochure: Questions most frequently asked about establishing a national wildlife refuge. [Washington, D.C.?: Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 1990.

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U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, ed. National wildlife refuge acquisition brochure: Questions most frequently asked about establishing a national wildlife refuge. [Washington, D.C.?: Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 1990.

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National wildlife refuge acquisition brochure: Questions most frequently asked about establishing a national wildlife refuge. [Washington, D.C.?: Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 1990.

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Ft. Niobrara/Valentine NWR Complex (Neb.), U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Region 6, Colorado. Land Acquisition and Refuge Planning, and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, eds. Valentine National Wildlife Refuge: Draft comprehensive conservation plan and environmental assessment ; prepared by U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Ft. Niobrara/Valentine NWR Complex and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Land Acquisition and Refuge Planning. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 1999.

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Ft. Niobrara/Valetine NWR Complex (Neb.), U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Region 6, Colorado. Land Acquisition and Refuge Planning., and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service., eds. Valentine National Wildlife Refuge: Draft comprehensive conservation plan and environmental assessment ; prepared by U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Ft. Niobrara/Valentine NWR Complex and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Land Acquisition and Refuge Planning. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 1999.

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Ft. Niobrara/Valetine NWR Complex (Neb.), U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Region 6, Colorado. Land Acquisition and Refuge Planning., and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service., eds. Valentine National Wildlife Refuge: Draft comprehensive conservation plan and environmental assessment ; prepared by U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Ft. Niobrara/Valentine NWR Complex and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Land Acquisition and Refuge Planning. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 1999.

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Book chapters on the topic "Refuge acquisition"

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"Acculturation, Language Acquisition and Societal Expectations." In Refugee and Immigrant Family Voices, 85–98. Brill | Sense, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789087902971_008.

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James C, Hathaway. "Part II Sources, Ch.9 The Architecture of the UN Refugee Convention and Protocol." In The Oxford Handbook of International Refugee Law. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198848639.003.0010.

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The architecture of the Refugee Convention and Protocol is unique in the world of international human rights law. Rather than being framed in absolutist terms, these treaties embody a principled compromise between attention to the needs of refugees, on the one hand, and recognition of the legitimate interests of host countries, on the other. Refugees are advantaged not only by the attribution of rights on the basis of a non-reservable and flexible definition of refugee status, but also by a commitment to declaratory rather than constitutive status assessment, non-exclusivity of rights accrual, and the existence of no more than constrained exceptions and derogation authority. The legitimate concerns of host countries are catered for by the structure of incremental rights acquisition through attachment and the conceptualization of most rights on a contingent basis. Sadly, the workability of the compromise embedded in the architecture of the Refugee Convention and Protocol is today threatened by critical failures at the level of implementation: specifically, that these treaties continue to rely on ad hoc, State-by-State efforts rather than coordinated action, and that States have failed to allocate protection responsibilities and burdens on the basis of relative capacities and resources. The challenge is thus not to renegotiate the foundational refugee treaties, but rather to change the way in which protection is operationalized.
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Amos, Yukari Takimoto. "Somali High School English Language Learners in Difference Blindness." In Immigration and Refugee Policy, 238–58. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-8909-9.ch014.

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This study investigated how five Somali high school immigrant students who were English language learners at a predominantly white high school perceived the mainstream teachers' teaching. The findings reveal that the participants were not accommodated, not given support, and rejected by the mainstream teachers who lacked appropriate training in second language acquisition theories and ESL pedagogy and who endorsed difference blindness. The teachers also ignored and sanctioned any differences the participants brought to school. The teachers' practices ironically resulted in emphasizing differences instead of minimizing, and ultimately caused the participants to feel stigmatized, racialized, and marginalized.
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Hewagodage, Vineetha. "Research and Reflective Practice in the Pre-Literate ESL Classroom." In Advances in Early Childhood and K-12 Education, 243–71. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-2901-0.ch012.

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This chapter reports on findings of a qualitative study conducted with diverse cultural and linguistic background adult students engaged in learning English through an adult migrant English language program offered in a refugee welcome zone in a rural region of Australia. Twenty students whose first language was not English were observed in the language learning environment and participated in semi-structured interviews. The research explored how English language learning can be best supported for humanitarian refugees with little or no literacy in their first language to become acculturated and socially integrated into Australian society. It was found that the typical ‘English only approach' that is commonly used in the Adult Migrant English Language Program (AMEP) to teach literacy and develop proficiency in the English language is called into question when applied to learners with limited or no print literacy skills in their first language. It was concluded that these learners, who are commonly referred to in the literature as LESLLA (Low Educated Second Language Acquisition and Literacy for Adults), are faced with a number of social exclusionary practices during their integration process. Recommendations are made on how these issues might be addressed.
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"Cultural Capital Acquisition Through Maternal Migration: Educational Experiences of Filipino Left-Behind Children." In Refugees, Immigrants, and Education in the Global South, 250–64. Routledge, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203067734-22.

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Bauer, William I. "Productivity and Professional Development." In Music Learning Today, 165–84. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197503706.003.0008.

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There are numerous ways in which technology can improve the productivity of music educators, helping to make administrative and organizational tasks more efficient and effective. This chapter describes a variety of technological tools that can be used to facilitate overall organization, communication, public relations and advocacy, the creation and acquisition of instructional support materials, data management, travel, and maintenance of financial records, all of which are typical responsibilities of music teachers. Technology can also be useful for continuing professional development. From informal Personal Learning Networks to formalized graduate degree programs, technology can empower music educators with personalized, sustained, flexible, and social professional learning opportunities. Taken together, these approaches to professional development can help music educators continually develop and refine their TPACK, facilitating an ongoing upward spiral of the knowledge and skills necessary for music learning today.
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Cohen, G. A. "Expensive Taste Rides Again." In On the Currency of Egalitarian Justice, and Other Essays in Political Philosophy, edited by Michael Otsuka. Princeton University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691148700.003.0005.

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This chapter is a reply to “Equality and Capability,” in which Ronald Dworkin responded to some of the criticisms of his work that the Cohen made in “On the Currency of Egalitarian Justice.” It begins by distinguishing two broad criticisms of equality of welfare that Dworkin has developed, one surrounding the indeterminacy of the concept of welfare and one surrounding the problem of expensive taste. It then explains what the phrase “expensive taste” means within the present debate. The remainder of the chapter discusses brute taste, that is, taste that is not guided by judgment; refutes the principal argument that Dworkin deploys against compensation for expensive judgmental taste; explains why the dispute about expensive taste matters; and offers a fragment of a taxonomy that distinguishes contrasting degrees of control that people display over the acquisition and the persistence of their tastes.
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Lecumberri, Esther, and Victoria Pastor-González. "Learner generated digital content: from posters to videos to promote content acquisition in a language class." In Five years of ELEUK conferences: a selection of short papers from 2019, 89–99. Research-publishing.net, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.14705/rpnet.2020.41.1078.

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This article explores the use of Learner Generated Digital Content (LGDC) in the context of advanced Spanish language modules. An approach to learning and teaching frequently used and extensively researched in disciplines such as medicine and natural sciences, LGDC has in recent years made a cautious appearance in the area of modern languages (Lambert, Philp, & Nakamura, 2017). In the present case, LGDC becomes a powerful tool to address the challenge of introducing content acquisition in what is primarily a language module. Through the creation and sharing of a range of archivable learner generated digital material (posters and videos), learners and teachers collaborate to develop a living and open access information resource that can be expanded and used by successive cohorts of students in a cumulative process of knowledge generation and knowledge exchange. Scheduled at different points throughout the term and designed to result in texts of increasing linguistic complexity, these tasks encourage students to engage with the process of content acquisition and provide them with opportunities to practise and refine the linguistic skills required for the successful completion of their final assessment (an individual presentation). The introduction of LGDC in the module teaching and learning strategy led to a noticeable increase in student engagement, as evidenced by the results of questionnaires conducted with three consecutive cohorts. By sharing our experience, we would like to encourage fellow practitioners to introduce LGDC in the language classroom.
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K., Sasirekha, and Suresh G. S. "Classroom Experiments and Experience Using Skill Genie." In Innovations and Technologies for Soft Skill Development and Learning, 72–80. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-3464-9.ch009.

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The teaching learning process in every domain keeps changing abreast to academic and industrial practises. Other than knowledge, the acquisition of skill sets is demanded nowadays. The present generation may be a computer wizard, a scientific mastermind or a technocrat, but they are expected to possess a good skill set. To be successful, subject expertise alone is not enough. In this context, the Higher Education Department, Govt. of Andhra Pradesh has published a Student's Hand Book Skill Genie (SHBSG -2016). A very laudable attempt and this move certainly helps students to refine their communicative competency and soft skills which absolutely increases their employability quotient. This chapter reviewed the appropriateness and usefulness of the book through a select lesson and the authors of this research paper wanted to share the class room experiments and anew experience which they tried in an academic setting with III ECE “A” (2017 -2021 batch), Mepco Schlenk Engineering College, Sivakasi. In addition to that, this chapter appraises Skill Genie (SG) as well.
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Rashed, Fajer M. Bin. "Bringing Back the L1 From Exile." In Handbook of Research on Curriculum Reform Initiatives in English Education, 68–83. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-5846-0.ch005.

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This chapter examines the effectiveness of second and foreign language learners using their L1 within their zone of proximal development to improve their L2 acquisition, and explores the usefulness of assessing specific L1 language skills to provide a more accurate analysis of learner acquirement. This theoretical approach will be examined in light of Lev S. Vygotsky and Vivian Cook's concepts of using the L1 in teaching and assessing the L2. One of these methods is the “new concurrent method” which identifies “code-switching” as a one of its important elements in creating real life situations in the classroom. In addition to theory, this chapter provides practical ESL/EFL assessments and trends of their application. By briefly exploring some of the justifications behind banning the L1 in ESL/EFL classrooms, the chapter criticizes and refutes the pedagogical claims and assumptions made throughout the reform movement which have affected many generations of students and influenced teacher training and instruction for a number of years.
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Conference papers on the topic "Refuge acquisition"

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Hsieh, Yuan C., Samuel H. Drake, and Richard F. Riesenfeld. "Reconstruction of Sculptured Surfaces Using Coordinate Measuring Machines." In ASME 1993 Design Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc1993-0374.

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Abstract This paper presents a strategy for reverse engineering that uses a coordinate measuring machine to reconstruct three-dimensional sculptured surfaces. A rough initial model of the surface is generated manually. An iterative method is then used to refine the surface model. The reverse engineering is broken down into three phases: data acquisition, surface reconstruction and surface evaluation. For data acquisition, an exhaustive search algorithm is used to find a safe probe orientation in the vicinity of the target surface, and a coarse cell decomposition method is followed to manipulate the coordinate measuring machine in its work space. Surfaces are modeled by using the B-spline approximation technique, and position difference between the surface model and the measured data is used as a simple criterium to evaluate the quality of the reconstructed surface model.
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Ballal, D. R., T. H. Chen, and W. J. Schmoll. "Laser Diagnostics for Gas Turbine Combustion Research." In ASME 1988 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/88-gt-128.

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Gas turbine combustors pose many modeling and design difficulties. This has created an urgent need for experimental research using laser diagnostics to validate and refine computer design models of combustors. In this paper, key practical problems, limitations, and our operational experience with laser diagnostic systems for gas turbine combustion research are described. It is found that unavailability of a good LDA seeder design and an unambiguous particle bias correction scheme present the main obstacles to using LDA in gas turbine combustor measurements. The practical problems of the Raman/Rayleigh system, particularly above 1200 K are high background luminosity, beam steering due to unmixedness, and high Poisson uncertainty in temperature and concentration measurements. The integration of LDA-Raman systems is beset by optical and data acquisition difficulties. Therefore, considerable work is still required to make the applications of advanced laser diagnostics to measurements in a practical gas turbine combustor a reality.
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Song, Peng, Venkat Krovi, Vijay Kumar, and Richard Mahoney. "Design and Virtual Prototyping of Human-Worn Manipulation Devices." In ASME 1999 Design Engineering Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc99/cie-9029.

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Abstract This paper presents a novel class of human-worn manipulation aids for people with disabilities, and a paradigm for the cost-effective design and manufacture of such devices. These manipulation aids are passive multi-link articulated devices that are physically connected to and controlled by a human user. This physical connection enables proprioceptive feedback control of the end effector. Performance can be enhanced by task and user customization of such devices prior to manufacture. As illustrative examples, we consider two case studies of the design and prototyping of customized manipulation aids for quadriplegics. We explore the use of the virtual prototyping and interactive simulation tools by the designer to customize the designs, virtually analyze the user-product interactions and progressively refine these designed aids. This process is aided by a unified design environment that integrates such support tools as automated data acquisition and measurement, mechanism synthesis and optimization, creation of customized synthetic models of the human user, and the user-based refinement of the product performance.
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Vo, Huu Duc, and Jean-Yves Trépanier. "Undergraduate Project in Compressor Rig Design, Fabrication and Testing for Complete Engineering Training." In ASME Turbo Expo 2015: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2015-43039.

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An ambitious project in propulsion was introduced as part of the final-year integrator project offerings of the mechanical and aerospace engineering programs at École Polytechnique de Montréal in 2011–2012. It has been running successfully for the past three academic years. The project consists in the design, fabrication and placement into service of a functional instrumented multi-stage compressor test rig, including the compressor, for research in compressor aerodynamics. A team of 15–17 senior-year undergraduate engineering students are given set of design and performance specifications and measurement requirements, an electric motor and drive, a data acquisition system and some measurement probes. They must complete the project in two semesters with a budget on the order of Can$15,000. The compressor is made from rapid prototyping to keep production cost and time reasonable. However, its required rotation speed of 7200 rpm stretches the limits of the plastic material and presents the same structural challenges as industrial compressors running at higher speeds. The students are split into sub-teams according to the required disciplines, namely compressor aerodynamics, general aerodynamics, structures, dynamics, mechanical design and integration, instrumentation and project management. For the initial phase, which covers the first two months, the students receive short seminars from experts in academia and industry in each discipline and use the knowledge from fundamental engineering courses to analytically model the different components to come up with a preliminary design. In the second phase, covering months three through six, the students are trained at commercial simulation tools and use them for detailed analysis to refine and finalize the design. In each of the first two phases, the students present their work in design reviews with a jury made up of engineers from industry and supervising professors. During the final phase, the compressor is built and tested with data acquisition and motor control programs written by the students. Finally, the students present their results with comparison of measured performance with numerical and analytical predictions from the first two phases and hand over their compressor rig with design and test reports as well as a user manual and an assembly/maintenance manual. This complete project allows the students to put into practice virtually all the courses of their undergraduate engineering curriculum while giving them an extensive taste of the rich and intellectually challenging environment of gas turbine and turbomachinery engineering.
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Arévalo, Pedro J., Olof Hummes, and Matthew Forshaw. "Integrated Real-Time Simulation in an Earth Model – Automating Drilling and Driving Efficiency." In SPE/IADC International Drilling Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/204069-ms.

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Abstract Real-time while drilling simulations use an evergreen digital twin of the well, consisting of physics-based models in an earth model to constantly update boundary conditions and parameters while drilling. The approach actively contributes to prediction or early detection of specific drilling issues, thus reducing drilling-related risk, non-productive time (NPT), and invisible-lost time (ILT). The method also unlocks further drilling optimization opportunities, while staying within a safe operative envelope that protects the wellbore. In the planning phase, a run plan is prepared based on drilling engineering simulations – such as downhole hydraulics and Torque and Drag (T&D) – within the lithology and geomechanics of the earth model. While drilling, the run plan continuously evolves as automatic updates with actual drilling parameters refine the simulations. Smart triggering algorithms constantly monitor sensor data at surface and downhole, automatically updating the simulations. Drilling automation services consume the simulation results, shared across an aggregation layer, to predict drilling dysfunctions related to hole-cleaning, downhole pressure, tripping velocity (which might lead to fractured formations or formation fluids entering the wellbore), tight hole and pipe sticking. Drillers receive actionable information, and drilling automation applications are equipped to control specific drilling processes. Case studies from drilling runs in the North Sea and in Middle East confirm the effectiveness of the approach. Deployment on these runs used a modular and scalable system architecture to allow seamless integration of all components (surface data acquisition, drilling engineering simulations, and monitoring applications). As designed, the system allows the integration of new services, and different data providers and consumers.
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Grujić, Tatjana. "L2 TENSE TRANSFER IN EFL LEARNING." In SCIENCE AND TEACHING IN EDUCATIONAL CONTEXT. FACULTY OF EDUCATION IN UŽICE, UNIVERSITY OF KRAGUJEVAC, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/stec20.441g.

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In second language acquisition (SLA) transfer is predominantly explored as either positive or negative influence of learners’ first language (L1) on their second/foreign language (L2) performance. Studies in this field serve not only to describe the learner’s interlanguage, but also to inform, improve and refine foreign language teaching. However, the scope of SLA studies is such that it leaves the other transfer direction under-researched (L2 to L1), assuming that once the learner’s L1 system has fully developed, their L1 competence will not be subject to change. More recent studies of adult bilinguals have shown a bidirectional interaction between the two linguistic systems: not only does L1 influence L2, but L2 influences L1 as well. In this study, conducted among adult students of English (B2 to C1 level language users, according to CEFR), we examine the influence of English as a foreign language upon Serbian as a native tongue in terms of tense transfer. More precisely, the study explores how the subjects interpret and translate the secondary meanings of the English past tense. The basic meaning of the past tense is to locate an event (or state) in the past. However, in its secondary meanings (backshift past in reported clauses, counterfactual present in adverbial clauses of condition and ‘past subjunctive’ when expressing wishes and regrets) it does not refer to the past time. The error analysis of students’ English to Serbian translations provides evidence of L2 influence: learners tend to use the Serbian past rather than the present tense in their translations. Pedagogical implications of this study of misuse of L1 tense include focusing on explicit corrective feedback and polishing instructional materials.
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Hengesh, James V., Michael Angell, William R. Lettis, and Jeffery L. Bachhuber. "A Systematic Approach for Mitigating Geohazards in Pipeline Design and Construction." In 2004 International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2004-0147.

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Pipeline projects are often faced with the challenge of balancing efficient design and construction with mitigation of potential hazards posed by low probability events, such as earthquakes and landslides. Though systematic characterization of geological hazards is sometimes perceived as an added project expense, failure to recognize and mitigate hazards at an early stage can lead to schedule delays and substantial liability, repair, and business interruption costs. For example, it is estimated that failure of the 660-mm Trans-Ecuador pipeline in the 1987 earthquake cost roughly $850 million in repairs and lost revenue. In order to minimize, mitigate, or avoid geological hazards, pipeline design projects can implement a phased investigative approach to refine route selection and develop parameters for detailed design. These studies provide information on geological conditions that progress from the general to specific and have associated uncertainties that decrease with increasing focus of investigations. A geohazard investigation for a pipeline project should begin with a Phase I “desk-top” study to evaluate regional geological conditions, establish a project specific information system, and make a preliminary assessment of landslide, fault rupture, liquefaction, geotechnical and constructability issues that will need to be considered in later phases of design and construction. Although the results of desk-top studies are limited and have large associated uncertainties, the initial results help to refine route selection and/or identify areas that may require hazard mitigation measures. Phase II investigations include acquisition of detailed corridor specific data such as topography and aerial photography, development of geological strip maps, and assessment of the pipeline corridor by an expert-level Terrain Evaluation Team (TET) with broad knowledge of geo-engineering issues. Assessment of the corridor by the TET results in recommendations for route refinement to avoid hazardous terrain, and identification of areas requiring detailed Phase III investigations. Phase III consists of detailed investigations of critical geohazard features to develop parameters for final design of hazard mitigation measures (e.g. fault crossing design). The geohazard features are characterized to determine permanent ground deformation (PGD) parameters, such as location, geometry, amount and direction of displacement, and recurrence rates. Interaction with the pipeline design team should be continued through all three phases to maximize efficiency and ensure timely integration of results in route selection, refinement and design. Examples provided from projects in Turkey, California, and the Indian Ocean demonstrate the successful implementation of this phased investigative approach to characterizing and mitigating geohazards for both onshore and offshore pipeline projects. Implementation of this approach has resulted in significant project cost savings and reduced risk.
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Pitel Welnitz, Daniela, Tomas Vlach, Luca Lombardi, Pierre-Jean Faltot, Philippe Vertenoeuil, and Michele D’Ercole. "Validation of CFD Analyses Results With Instrumented Ground and Flight Tests Measurements of an Aerobatic Turboprop Aircraft Inlet." In ASME Turbo Expo 2019: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2019-91689.

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Abstract With the onset of affordable high-performance computing and cloud computing technologies, numerical methods like computational fluid dynamics and the finite element method are spreading to all the branches of industry. The ability to perform such analyses allows engineers to speed up development and refine designs even in early stages of development without the need for expensive experimental setups. However, it is desirable to build up confidence in these results by experimental validation. GE Aviation Czech has been extensively using a variety of CFD tools to predict flow behavior in the field of internal aerodynamics — especially for design of compressor and turbine stages, combustion chambers, inlet and exhaust systems. Development of a new aerobatic engine prototype and its installation is currently under way. A series of back-to-back analyses conducted to verify performance of the aerobatic inlet and compare it with a reference commuter engine installation. The results were presented in article “GT2018-76398 Analysis and Testing of an Aerobatic Turboprop Aircraft Inlet”. A variety of critical parameters such as ram factor, pressure losses, inlet heating, and engine inlet pressure and temperature distortions were investigated. These parameters affect engine performance, operability, and compressor stability. Afterward, a unique instrumentation, data acquisition chain, and test program was developed in cooperation with the airframer. This made it possible to record all of the required parameters during ground and flight tests, including basic aerobatic maneuvers. The recorded data was then used for validation of performed CFD analyses with boundary conditions matching the conditions of ground and flight tests. Confidence in CFD results backed up by well-matched test data allows to conduct future design changes without the need to perform additional expensive experimental trials.
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Pandey, Vibhas J. "Applications of Geomechanics to Hydraulic Fracturing - Case Studies from Coal Stimulations." In SPE Hydraulic Fracturing Technology Conference. SPE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/spe-173378-ms.

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Abstract Modern hydraulic fracture treatments rely heavily on the implementation of formation property details such as in-situ stresses and rock mechanical properties, in order to optimize stimulation designs for specific reservoir targets. Log derived strain and strength calibrated in-situ properties provide critical description of stress variations in different lithologies and at varying depths. From a practical standpoint however, most of the hydraulic fracture simulators that are used for fracturing treatment design purposes today can accommodate only a limited portion of a geologic-based rock mechanical property characterization which targets optimal data integration thus resulting in complexity. By using examples from hydraulic fracture stimulations of coals in a complex but well characterized stress environment (Surat Basin, Eastern Australia) we distil out the reservoir rock related input parameters that are determinants of hydraulic fracture designs and identify those that are not immediately used. In order to understand the impact on improving future fracture stimulation designs, the authors present workflows such as pressure history matching of fracture stimulation treatments and the calibration process of key rock mechanical parameters such as Poisson's ratio, Young's modulus, and fracture toughness. The authors also present examples to discuss synergies, discrepancies and gaps that currently exist between ‘geologic’ geomechanical concepts (i.e. variations in the geometry and magnitude of stress tensors and their interaction with pre-existing anisotropies) in contrast to the geomechanical descriptions and concepts that are used and implemented in hydraulic fracturing stimulations. In the absence of a unifying hydraulic fracture design that honors well established geologic complexity, various scenarios that allow assessing the criticality, usefulness and weighting of geologic/mechanical property input parameters that reflect critical reservoir complexity, whilst maintaining applicability to hydraulic fracturing theory, are presented in the paper. Ultimately it remains paramount to constrain as many critical variables as realistically and uniquely possible. Significant emphasis is placed on reservoir-specific pre-job data acquisition and post-job analysis. The approach presented in this paper can be used to refine hydraulic fracture treatment designs in similar complex reservoirs worldwide.
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